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Shtossel O, Koren O, Shai I, Rinott E, Louzoun Y. Gut microbiome-metabolome interactions predict host condition. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:24. [PMID: 38336867 PMCID: PMC10858481 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of microbes on their human host is often mediated through changes in metabolite concentrations. As such, multiple tools have been proposed to predict metabolite concentrations from microbial taxa frequencies. Such tools typically fail to capture the dependence of the microbiome-metabolite relation on the environment. RESULTS We propose to treat the microbiome-metabolome relation as the equilibrium of a complex interaction and to relate the host condition to a latent representation of the interaction between the log concentration of the metabolome and the log frequencies of the microbiome. We develop LOCATE (Latent variables Of miCrobiome And meTabolites rElations), a machine learning tool to predict the metabolite concentration from the microbiome composition and produce a latent representation of the interaction. This representation is then used to predict the host condition. LOCATE's accuracy in predicting the metabolome is higher than all current predictors. The metabolite concentration prediction accuracy significantly decreases cross datasets, and cross conditions, especially in 16S data. LOCATE's latent representation predicts the host condition better than either the microbiome or the metabolome. This representation is strongly correlated with host demographics. A significant improvement in accuracy (0.793 vs. 0.724 average accuracy) is obtained even with a small number of metabolite samples ([Formula: see text]). CONCLUSION These results suggest that a latent representation of the microbiome-metabolome interaction leads to a better association with the host condition than any of the two separated or the simple combination of the two. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshrit Shtossel
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel.
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Cherry-Peppers G, Fryer C, Jackson AD, Ford D, Glascoe A, Smith D, Dunmore-Griffith J, Iris M, Woods D, Robinson-Warner G, Davidson A, McIntosh C, Sonnier J, Slade L, Downer G, Mundey S, Darden-Wilson J, Dawson N, Downes A, Rizkalla A, Bellamy A, Mahone I, Tompkins S, Kiffin G, Mncube-Barnes F, Peppers G, Watkins-Bryant T. A review of the risks and relationships between oral health and chronic diseases. J Natl Med Assoc 2024:S0027-9684(24)00008-7. [PMID: 38326141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Advances in medical science and in preventive dentistry have changed the context of oral health. The American population is living longer with numerous complex chronic diseases. This paper is to raise awareness about the impact of multiple chronic diseases and their associations with oral diseases. Comorbidities can worsen the course of dental treatment. Inflammation has been the connecting factor in the bidirectional pattern of oral and systemic diseases. High occurrences of chronic diseases generally occur in aging as well as disadvantaged populations. Serious infections, slow healing, prolonged bleeding, and hospitalizations can escalate in patients with uncontrolled chronic diseases. A multidisciplinary team-based approach to patient management can minimize complications and unexpected challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheryl Fryer
- Academic Affairs, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | | | - Debra Ford
- Academic Affairs, Howard University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Alison Glascoe
- Comprehensive Care, Chair, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Dawn Smith
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | | | - Morton Iris
- Comprehensive Care, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Dexter Woods
- Comprehensive Care, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | | | | | - Crystal McIntosh
- Department of Periodontics, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Jezelle Sonnier
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Lisa Slade
- Department of Endodontics, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | | | - Shakeya Mundey
- Comprehensive Care, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | | | - Nyree Dawson
- Comprehensive Care, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Arielle Downes
- Summer Research Project, Howard University College of Dentistry
| | - Adel Rizkalla
- Comprehensive Care, Howard University College of Dentistry
| | - Ashleigh Bellamy
- Research Summer Project, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Ian Mahone
- Research Summer Project, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Sydney Tompkins
- Summer Research Project, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Gawain Kiffin
- Summer Research Project, Howard University College of Dentistry, USA
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Melbye EL, Bull VH, Hidle KS. Assessment of the SmartJournal Intervention for Improved Oral Care in Nursing Homes: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e46926. [PMID: 37801358 PMCID: PMC10589829 DOI: 10.2196/46926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor oral health is common in nursing home residents, and health care professionals report numerous barriers when it comes to the provision of oral care for care-dependent older adults, such as a lack of oral health knowledge and skills, care-resistant behaviors in residents, lack of adequate oral care routines, insufficient systems for documentation of issues related to oral health, a high workload, and unclear responsibilities. An intervention, SmartJournal, has been developed to assist health personnel in preserving older patients' oral health. SmartJournal is a digital tool with three components: (1) documentation of oral hygiene routines; (2) monthly oral health assessment; and (3) education on geriatric oral care. An updated framework for research on complex interventions has been used to guide the various phases in the development of this intervention. This study focuses on the evaluation phase. OBJECTIVE We aim to assess (1) the effectiveness of SmartJournal use in enhancing nursing home caregivers' capability, opportunity, motivation, and routines related to oral care; and (2) whether SmartJournal use results in improved oral health for nursing home residents. METHODS We will use a cluster randomized controlled trial to assess impacts of SmartJournal use as specified under study objectives. Nursing homes located in Rogaland, Norway, will be recruited and randomly assigned to an intervention and a control group. The intervention group will be provided with tablets containing SmartJournal and support from research staff, while the control group will continue with existing oral care routines. Both groups will receive oral hygiene packages. The intervention will last for 12 weeks. Measurements will be performed in both groups at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months and include (1) a survey assessing caregivers' capability, opportunity, motivation, and routines related to oral care; and (2) assessment of oral health status in residents using mucosal-plaque score as a primary outcome measure. Analyses will include descriptive statistics and statistical techniques to look for changes and differences in the study variables within and between the intervention and control groups throughout the study period. Associations between study variables will also be investigated. RESULTS Recruitment of nursing homes for the intervention and control groups was completed in February 2023. Recruitment of individual participants (ie, nursing home residents and caregivers) is ongoing, and baseline measurements are being performed consecutively. Results are expected to be ready for analyses in fall 2024. CONCLUSIONS We aim to assess the effects of SmartJournal use on oral care and oral health in nursing homes. Results from this work may inform further development and implementation of SmartJournal and similar digital tools aiming to enhance health care services offered to care-dependent people. Finally, SmartJournal may have potential as a learning tool in educational programs for nurses and other health care professionals. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05724043; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05724043. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/46926.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vibeke Hervik Bull
- Research Department, Oral Health Centre of Expertise Rogaland, Stavanger, Norway
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4
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Chen Y, Liang C, Li J, Ma L, Wang B, Yuan Z, Yang S, Nong X. Effect of artesunate on cardiovascular complications in periodontitis in a type I diabetes rat model and related mechanisms. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2031-2053. [PMID: 36892740 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both cardiovascular disease and periodontitis are complications of diabetes that have a great impact on human life and health. Our previous research found that artesunate can effectively improve cardiovascular disease in diabetes and has an inhibitory effect on periodontal disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic possibility of artesunate in the protection against cardiovascular complications in periodontitis with type I diabetes rats and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sprague‒Dawley rats were randomly divided into the healthy, diabetic, periodontitis, diabetic with periodontitis, and artesunate treatment groups (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg, i.g.). After artesunate treatment, oral swabs were collected and used to determine changes in the oral flora. Micro-CT was performed to observe changes in alveolar bone. Blood samples were processed to measure various parameters, while cardiovascular tissues were evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin, Masson, Sirius red, and TUNEL staining to observe fibrosis and apoptosis. The protein and mRNA expression levels in the alveolar bone and cardiovascular tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry and RT‒PCR. RESULTS Diabetic rats with periodontitis and cardiovascular complications maintained heart and body weight but exhibited reduced blood glucose levels, and they were able to regulate blood lipid indicators at normal levels after artesunate treatment. The staining assays suggested that treatment with 60 mg/kg artesunate has a significant therapeutic effect on myocardial apoptotic fibrosis. The high expression of NF-κB, TLR4, VEGF, ICAM-1, p38 MAPK, TGF-β, Smad2, and MMP9 in the alveolar bone and cardiovascular tissue in the type I diabetes and type I diabetes with periodontitis rat models was reduced after treatment with artesunate in a concentration-dependent manner. Micro-CT showed that treatment with 60 mg/kg artesunate effectively alleviated alveolar bone resorption and density reduction. The sequencing results suggested that each model group of rats had vascular and oral flora dysbiosis, but artesunate treatment could correct the dysbacteriosis. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis-related pathogenic bacteria cause dysbiosis of the oral and intravascular flora in type I diabetes and aggravate cardiovascular complications. The mechanism by which periodontitis aggravates cardiovascular complications involves the NF-κB pathway, which induces myocardial apoptosis, fibrosis, and vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - C Liang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - J Li
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Medical Science Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - L Ma
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - B Wang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Z Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - S Yang
- School of Information and Management, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - X Nong
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Retout M, Amer L, Yim W, Creyer MN, Lam B, Trujillo DF, Potempa J, O'Donoghue AJ, Chen C, Jokerst JV. A Protease-Responsive Polymer/Peptide Conjugate and Reversible Assembly of Silver Clusters for the Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis Enzymatic Activity. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17308-17319. [PMID: 37602819 PMCID: PMC10561899 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the reversible aggregation of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) assemblies using the combination of a cationic arginine-based peptide and sulfur-capped polyethylene glycol (PEG). The formation and dissociation of the aggregates were studied by optical methods and electron microscopy. The dissociation of silver clusters depends on the peptide sequence and PEG size. A molecular weight of 1 kDa for PEG was optimal for the dissociation. The most important feature of this dissociation method is that it can operate in complex biofluids such as plasma, saliva, bile, urine, cell media, or even seawater without a significant decrease in performance. Moreover, the peptide-particle assemblies are highly stable and do not degrade (or express of loss of signal upon dissociation) when dried and resolubilized, frozen and thawed, or left in daylight for a month. Importantly, the dissociation capacity of PEG can be reduced via the conjugation of a peptide-cleavable substrate. The dissociation capacity is restored in the presence of an enzyme. Based on these findings, we designed a PEG-peptide hybrid molecule specific to the Porphyromonas gingivalis protease RgpB. Our motivation was that this bacterium is a key pathogen in periodontitis, and RgpB activity has been correlated with chronic diseases including Alzheimer's disease. The RgpB limit of detection was 100 pM RgpB in vitro. This system was used to measure RgpB in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples with a detection rate of 40% with 0% false negatives versus PCR for P. gingivalis (n = 37). The combination of PEG-peptide and nanoparticles dissociation method allows the development of convenient protease sensing that can operate independently of the media composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Retout
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lubna Amer
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Matthew N Creyer
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Benjamin Lam
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Diego F Trujillo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Casey Chen
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Schwarz C, Hajdu AI, Dumitrescu R, Sava-Rosianu R, Bolchis V, Anusca D, Hanghicel A, Fratila AD, Oancea R, Jumanca D, Galuscan A, Leretter M. Link between Oral Health, Periodontal Disease, Smoking, and Systemic Diseases in Romanian Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2354. [PMID: 37628551 PMCID: PMC10454691 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The link between oral and systemic health is becoming increasingly obvious. Oral diseases, particularly periodontitis, have been linked to various diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular disease, among others. This survey aimed to assess the oral health condition of individuals, considering both their overall health and periodontal status, by performing oral examinations and collecting data using questionnaires. (2) Methods: After obtaining approval from the University's Ethics Committee, the study was carried out from 2021 to 2022 at the Department of Oral Health, located in the Emergency Municipal Hospital in Timisoara, Timis County, Romania. Bivariate correlations were performed using nonparametric Spearman's Rho using SPPS software version 23. To assess the importance of smoking frequency related to the severity of periodontitis diagnosis, the ANOVA Simple test (one-way) and Hochberg GT2 post hoc analysis were utilized. The chi-squared test was employed for nominal variables. A significance level of 0.05 (alpha = 0.05) was adopted for all statistical tests. (3) Results: There is a significant positive association between the frequency of systemic disease and the severity of the periodontitis diagnosis taken as a total, Rho (242) = 0.151, p < 0.05, and taken as a stage, Rho (242) = 0.199, p < 0.01, thus as the severity of the diagnosis increases, the patient presents comorbidities. Hochberg GT2 post hoc analysis indicates that the non-smoking group has statistically significantly lower diagnostic severity (Mdif = -0.81, p = 0.01), with a strong effect size (Cohen's d = 0.73). (4) Conclusions: The findings are increasingly indicating a potential association between oral diseases and a range of systemic diseases. The impact of periodontal disease on the quality of life is significant, especially in individuals with associated systemic conditions and present risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schwarz
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.H.); (R.S.-R.); (V.B.); (D.A.); (A.H.); (R.O.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Adrian Ioan Hajdu
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.H.); (R.S.-R.); (V.B.); (D.A.); (A.H.); (R.O.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Ramona Dumitrescu
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.H.); (R.S.-R.); (V.B.); (D.A.); (A.H.); (R.O.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Sava-Rosianu
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.H.); (R.S.-R.); (V.B.); (D.A.); (A.H.); (R.O.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vanessa Bolchis
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.H.); (R.S.-R.); (V.B.); (D.A.); (A.H.); (R.O.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Diana Anusca
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.H.); (R.S.-R.); (V.B.); (D.A.); (A.H.); (R.O.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Andreea Hanghicel
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.H.); (R.S.-R.); (V.B.); (D.A.); (A.H.); (R.O.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Aurora Doris Fratila
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 München, Germany;
| | - Roxana Oancea
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.H.); (R.S.-R.); (V.B.); (D.A.); (A.H.); (R.O.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Jumanca
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.H.); (R.S.-R.); (V.B.); (D.A.); (A.H.); (R.O.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.H.); (R.S.-R.); (V.B.); (D.A.); (A.H.); (R.O.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Leretter
- Department of Prosthodontics, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara “Victor Babes”, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Tan X, Wang Y, Gong T. The interplay between oral microbiota, gut microbiota and systematic diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2213112. [PMID: 37200866 PMCID: PMC10187086 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2213112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the importance of microbiota in health and disease has become evident. The human gut microbiota and oral microbiota are the largest and second-largest microbiome in the human body, respectively, and they are physically connected as the oral cavity is the beginning of the digestive system. Emerging and exciting evidence has shown complex and important connections between gut microbiota and oral microbiota. The interplay of the two microbiomes may contribute to the pathological processes of many diseases, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and so on. In this review, we discuss possible routes and factors of oral microbiota to affect gut microbiota, and the contribution of this interplay between oral and gut microbiota to systemic diseases. Although most studies are association studies, recently, there have been increasing mechanistic investigations. This review aims to enhance the interest in the connection between oral and gut microbiota, and shows the tangible impact of this connection on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Tan
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Research & Development, Zhejiang Charioteer Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Taizhou, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Bacterial Infections and Atherosclerosis – A Mini Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most challenging subsets of coronary artery disease in humans, in which risk factors emerge from childhood, and its prevalence increases with age. Experimental research demonstrates that infections due to bacteria stimulate atherogenic events. Atherosclerosis has complex pathophysiology that is linked with several bacterial infections by damaging the inner arterial wall and heart muscles directly and indirectly by provoking a systemic pro-inflammation and acute-phase protein. Repeated bacterial infections trigger an inflammatory cascade that triggers immunological responses that negatively impact cardiovascular biomarkers includes triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, heat shock proteins, cytokines, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count. Herein, we intended to share the role of bacterial infection in atherosclerosis and evaluate existing evidence of animal and human trials on the association between bacterial infections and atherosclerosis on update.
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Nafarrate-Valdez RA, Martínez-Martínez RE, Zaragoza-Contreras EA, Áyala-Herrera JL, Domínguez-Pérez RA, Reyes-López SY, Donohue-Cornejo A, Cuevas-González JC, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF. Anti-Adherence and Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles against Serotypes C and K of Streptococcus mutans on Orthodontic Appliances. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58070877. [PMID: 35888596 PMCID: PMC9323808 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the main microorganism associated with the presence of dental caries and specific serotypes of this bacteria have been related to several systemic diseases limiting general health. In orthodontics, white spot lesions (WSL), represent a great challenge for clinicians due to the great fluctuation of their prevalence and incidence during conventional orthodontic treatments. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been demonstrated to have great antimicrobial properties in several microorganisms, including S. mutans bacteria, there is no available information about anti adherence and antimicrobial properties of AgNP exposed to two of the most relevant serotypes of S. mutans adhered on orthodontic materials used for conventional therapeutics. The objective of this study was to determine anti-adherence and antimicrobial levels of AgNP against serotypes c and k of S. mutans on conventional orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: An AgNP solution was prepared and characterized using dispersion light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Antimicrobial and anti-adherence activities of AgNP were determined using minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and bacterial adherence testing against serotypes c and k of S. mutans clinically isolated and confirmed by PCR assay. Results: The prepared AgNP had spherical shapes with a good size distribution (29.3 ± 0.7 nm) with negative and well-defined electrical charges (−36.5 ± 5.7 mV). AgNP had good bacterial growth (55.7 ± 19.3 µg/mL for serotype c, and 111.4 ± 38.6 µg/mL for serotype k) and adherence inhibitions for all bacterial strains and orthodontic wires (p < 0.05). The serotype k showed statistically the highest microbial adherence (p < 0.05). The SS wires promoted more bacterial adhesion (149.0 ± 253.6 UFC/mL × 104) than CuNiTi (3.3 ± 6.0 UFC/mL × 104) and NiTi (101.1 ± 108.5 UFC/mL × 104) arches. SEM analysis suggests CuNiTi wires demonstrated better topographical conditions for bacterial adherence while AFM evaluation determined cell wall irregularities in bacterial cells exposed to AgNP. Conclusions: This study suggests the widespread use of AgNP as a potential anti-adherent and antimicrobial agent for the prevention of WSL during conventional orthodontic therapies and, collaterally, other systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Amalia Nafarrate-Valdez
- Speciality Program in Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Biomedical Science Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo Avenues, Juarez City 32310, Mexico;
| | - Rita Elizabeth Martínez-Martínez
- Master Program in Advanced Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Manuel Nava Avenue, Universitary Campus, San Luis Potosí 78290, Mexico;
| | - Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S. C., Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Áyala-Herrera
- School of Dentistry, Universidad De La Salle Bajío, Universidad Avenue, Lomas del Campestre, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico;
| | - Rubén Abraham Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Dental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Clavel Street, Prados de La Capilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76176, Mexico;
| | - Simón Yobanny Reyes-López
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico; (A.D.-C.); (J.C.C.-G.)
| | - Juan Carlos Cuevas-González
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico; (A.D.-C.); (J.C.C.-G.)
| | - Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, Ciudad Universitaria, Universitaria, Culiacán 80013, Mexico;
| | - León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico; (A.D.-C.); (J.C.C.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-656-688-1823
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Whitaker E, Darcey C, Somerset S. Aggregation of human platelets by Tannerella Forsythia. Contemp Clin Dent 2022; 13:135-139. [PMID: 35846582 PMCID: PMC9285837 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_656_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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Funakubo N, Tsuboi A, Eguchi E, Hayashi F, Maeda M, Yabe H, Yasumura S, Kamiya K, Takashiba S, Ohira T. Association between Psychosocial Factors and Oral Symptoms among Residents in Fukushima after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116054. [PMID: 34199827 PMCID: PMC8200098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Oral health is closely related to subjective general health and systemic diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the factors related to oral symptoms and their worsening in relation to psychosocial factors after the Great East Japan Earthquake. In this study, 64,186 residents aged 15–101 years old, who experienced the earthquake on 11 March 2011, were surveyed regarding their oral symptoms; psychological factors, such as post-traumatic reactions and psychological distress; and social factors such as evacuation, work change, and loss of a close person; history of systemic diseases; and lifestyle. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were established for each factor associated with prevalent and exacerbated oral symptoms. The proportions of participants with prevalent and exacerbated oral symptoms were 10.3% and 1.6%, respectively. The multivariate odds ratios and 95% CI of psychosocial factors associated with exacerbated oral symptoms were as follows: post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, 2.24 (1.64–3.06); work changes, 1.88 (1.34–2.65); history of dyslipidemia, 1.74 (1.27–2.39); and subjective current poor health condition, 2.73 (2.00–3.75). Psychological factors, social factors, and physical factors were associated with both prevalent and exacerbated oral symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Funakubo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (N.F.); (F.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (A.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Eri Eguchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (N.F.); (F.H.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(24)-5471-343
| | - Fumikazu Hayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (N.F.); (F.H.); (T.O.)
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (A.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (N.F.); (F.H.); (T.O.)
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.K.)
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12
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Sadiq N, Probst JC, Merchant AT, Martin AB, Shrestha D, Khan MM. The role of dental insurance in mitigating mortality among working-age U.S. adults with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:1294-1303. [PMID: 32939782 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the relationship of dental insurance with all-cause mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cerebrovascular diseases (CBD) among those with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS NHANES III and its associated mortality data set were used in this study. The outcome variables were "all-cause mortality" and "combined mortality" due to CVD, DM, and CBD. The independent variable was dental insurance stratified over periodontitis status. Unweighted frequencies with weighted column percentages were used for descriptive statistics, and chi-square test was applied for significance. Cox proportional hazard models were used for stratified multivariable analyses. All analyses were performed in SAS v9.4 accounting for survey data complexities. Significance level was kept at 5%. RESULTS The mortality was 14.58% for all-cause mortality and 4.06% for combined mortality among those with periodontitis in this study. Dental insurance significantly reduced the hazard of all-cause mortality among those with periodontitis (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61 - 0.93), adjusted for covariates. However, no association of dental insurance with combined mortality was observed among periodontitis group. CONCLUSIONS Dental insurance reduces hazard of all-cause mortality among those with periodontitis. Dental insurance ensures access to dentists and improves oral and dental health. Longitudinal study is needed to establish causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Sadiq
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.,Department of Health Services Policy & Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Janice C Probst
- Department of Health Services Policy & Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Amy B Martin
- College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Deepika Shrestha
- Data Management and Analysis Division, Center for Policy, Planning and Evaluation, DC Department of Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Mahmud Khan
- Department of Health Policy & Management, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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13
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Mutuku A, Mwamburi L, Keter L, Ondicho J, Korir R, Kuria J, Chemweno T, Mwitari P. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and safety of Rhus vulgaris (Anacardiaceae) extracts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:272. [PMID: 32912200 PMCID: PMC7488075 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of various ailments in most developing countries. Oral infections are the most prevalent diseases in man. The Rhus family has been found to have antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Few studies have been done on Rhus vulgaris Meikle. A study was conducted to determine the effect of Rhus vulgaris Meikle stem bark extracts against selected oral pathogenic microorganisms and the safety of the extracts in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Methanol:dichloromethane (1:1), methanol and aqueous extracts were tested for bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Cytotoxicity of the active extracts was determined using Vero E6 cell lines while safety was evaluated in mice and rats. Phytochemical screening was performed on the methanol extracts. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons tests were performed using IBM SPSS statistics 20.0 for antimicrobial assay and acute toxicity testing. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett's multiple comparison tests were conducted using GraphPad Prism 8.0 for cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS Methanol extract of Rhus vulgaris showed significant antimicrobial activity against MRSA (12.00 ± 0.00 mm; p-value of < 0.005; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 0.391 mg/ml; Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 1.563 mg/ml). The extract were not cytotoxic at 100 μg/ml which was the highest tested concentration. In acute dermal irritation testing, the methanol extract resulted in mild irritation with erythema and flaking that cleared within 8 days. There were no observable adverse effects from oral administration of the extracts (acute oral toxicity testing) at concentrations of 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids and phenols were detected in the methanol extract. CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial activity of R. vulgaris extracts supports its traditional use as a toothbrush. Cytotoxicity demonstrated by the extracts as well as the mild skin irritation warrants further study before R. vulgaris can be recommended for the development of effective and safe mouthwashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mutuku
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - Lizzy Mwamburi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Lucia Keter
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joyce Ondicho
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Richard Korir
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Kuria
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Timothy Chemweno
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Peter Mwitari
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
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Porphyromonas gingivalis, Periodontal and Systemic Implications: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7040114. [PMID: 31835888 PMCID: PMC6960968 DOI: 10.3390/dj7040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent scientific literature, oral infections and systemic manifestations, or correlations between oral health and systemic diseases are a topic of discussion. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the bacteria implicated in the biofilm formation of bacterial plaque, and plays an important role in the progression of periodontal disease. In this systematic review authors have evaluated the literature of the last 10 years on P. gingivalis and all the systemic implications proven. This study therefore evaluates all the districts of the organism in which this bacterium may have implications. From the results it emerges that P. gingivalis has implications in the onset of different systemic pathologies, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular pathologies, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Surely, understanding the mechanisms of diffusion of this bacterium, it would be possible to prevent a series of pathologies. Thus, putting the dentist clinician at the center of prevention for these diseases.
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15
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Lee CY, Chang CH, Teng NC, Chang HM, Huang WT, Huang YK. Associations between the phenotype and genotype of MnSOD and catalase in periodontal disease. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:201. [PMID: 31470840 PMCID: PMC6717336 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease in which pathogenic infections trigger a series of inflammatory responses and redox regulation. The hypothesis of this study was that a host’s redox regulation, as modified by genetic polymorphisms, may affect periodontal disease activities (including the plaque index (PlI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and pocket depth (PD)) during periodontal therapy. Methods In total, 175 patients diagnosed with periodontitis were recruited from the Department of Periodontology, Taipei Medical University Hospital. Both saliva samples and clinical measurements (PlI, BOP, and PD) were taken at the baseline and at 1 month after completing treatment. Salivary manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase, and corresponding genetic polymorphisms (MnSOD, T47C, rs4880 and Catalase, C-262 T, rs1001179) were determined. The extent of change (Δ) of MnSOD or catalase was calculated by subtracting the concentration after completing treatment from that at the baseline. Results Subjects who carried the Catalase CC genotype had significantly higher salivary MnSOD or catalase levels. The MnSOD genotype had a significant effect on the percentage of PDs of 4~9 mm (p = 0.02), and salivary ΔMnSOD had a significant effect on the PlI (p = 0.03). The Catalase genotype had a significant effect on the PlI (p = 0.01~0.04), but the effect was not found for the mean PlI or PD. There was a significant interaction between the MnSOD genotype and salivary ΔMnSOD on PDs of 4~9 mm. After adjusting for gender, years of schooling, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, subjects with ΔMnSOD of < 0 μg/ml or Δcatalase of < 0 μg/ml had significantly higher 5.58- or 5.17-fold responses to scaling and root planing treatment. Conclusions The MnSOD T47C genotype interferes with the phenotype of salivary antioxidant level, alters MnSOD levels, and influences the PD recovery. MnSOD and catalase gene polymorphism associated with phenotype expression and susceptibility in periodontal root planing treatment responses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-019-0877-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yu Lee
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Huang Chang
- College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chia Teng
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kai Huang
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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16
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Fei N, Bernabé BP, Lie L, Baghdan D, Bedu-Addo K, Plange-Rhule J, Forrester TE, Lambert EV, Bovet P, Gottel N, Riesen W, Korte W, Luke A, Kliethermes SA, Layden BT, Gilbert JA, Dugas LR. The human microbiota is associated with cardiometabolic risk across the epidemiologic transition. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215262. [PMID: 31339887 PMCID: PMC6656343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and fecal microbial biomarkers have previously been associated with cardiometabolic (CM) risk, however, no comprehensive attempt has been made to explore this association in minority populations or across different geographic regions. We characterized gut- and oral-associated microbiota and CM risk in 655 participants of African-origin, aged 25-45, from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, and the United States (US). CM risk was classified using the CM risk cut-points for elevated waist circumference, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasted blood glucose, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and elevated triglycerides. Gut-associated bacterial alpha diversity negatively correlated with elevated blood pressure and elevated fasted blood glucose. Similarly, gut bacterial beta diversity was also significantly differentiated by waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceridemia and HDL-cholesterolemia. Notably, differences in inter- and intra-personal gut microbial diversity were geographic-region specific. Participants meeting the cut-points for 3 out of the 5 CM risk factors were significantly more enriched with Lachnospiraceae, and were significantly depleted of Clostridiaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Prevotella. The predicted relative proportions of the genes involved in the pathways for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and butyrate synthesis were also significantly differentiated by the CM risk phenotype, whereby genes involved in the butyrate synthesis via lysine, glutarate and 4-aminobutyrate/succinate pathways and LPS synthesis pathway were enriched in participants with greater CM risk. Furthermore, inter-individual oral microbiota diversity was also significantly associated with the CM risk factors, and oral-associated Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Veillonella were enriched in participants with 3 out of the 5 CM risk factors. We demonstrate that in a diverse cohort of African-origin adults, CM risk is significantly associated with reduced microbial diversity, and the enrichment of specific bacterial taxa and predicted functional traits in both gut and oral environments. As well as providing new insights into the associations between the gut and oral microbiota and CM risk, this study also highlights the potential for novel therapeutic discoveries which target the oral and gut microbiota in CM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Fei
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Peñalver Bernabé
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Louise Lie
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Danny Baghdan
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, SMS, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, SMS, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Terrence E. Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Mahé, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Neil Gottel
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Walter Riesen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Canton Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Korte
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Canton Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. Kliethermes
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jack A. Gilbert
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
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17
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Abdalla-Aslan R, Findler M, Levin L, Zini A, Shay B, Twig G, Almoznino G. Where periodontitis meets metabolic syndrome-The role of common health-related risk factors. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:647-656. [PMID: 30958576 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse and compare associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in periodontitis compared to control patients. METHODS This 7-year cross-sectional study retrospectively analysed medical records of 504 individuals aged 18-90 who attended the student dental clinic between 2008 and 2014. Demographics, smoking habits, blood pressure, waist circumference, as well as presence of: periodontitis, MetS, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, stroke, heart disease, cancer and psychiatric disorders were recorded. RESULTS The study population composed of 231 (45.8%) males and 273 (54.2%) females, with an average age of 55.79 ± 16.91 years. A patient profile associated with periodontitis was identified and included male sex, older age, smoking, higher smoking pack-years, abdominal obesity, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, the presence of MetS or its components, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes or diseases associated with its consequences such as ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, age and smoking retained a significant association with periodontitis, whereas the systemic disorders did not. CONCLUSIONS The association between periodontitis and MetS may be explained by shared common profile and risk factors. An appropriate risk factors management approach should be adopted by both dental and general health clinicians and health authorities, to control common high-risk behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragda Abdalla-Aslan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mordechai Findler
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oral Medicine, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Liran Levin
- Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Avraham Zini
- Department of Community Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boaz Shay
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Dr. Pinchas Bornstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Almoznino
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Mester A, Ciobanu L, Taulescu M, Apostu D, Lucaciu O, Filip GA, Feldrihan V, Licarete E, Ilea A, Piciu A, Oltean‐Dan D, Scurtu I, Berce C, Campian RS. Periodontal disease may induce liver fibrosis in an experimental study on Wistar rats. J Periodontol 2019; 90:911-919. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Mester
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Lidia Ciobanu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Marian Taulescu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Dragos Apostu
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Vasile Feldrihan
- Department of Allergology and ImmunologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Emilia Licarete
- Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio‐Nano‐SciencesBabes‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Andra Piciu
- Department of Medical OncologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Daniel Oltean‐Dan
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Iuliu Scurtu
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Cristian Berce
- Animal FacilityUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Radu Septimiu Campian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
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19
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Prestes AP, Machado WM, Oliveira JG, Olchanheski LR, Santos FA, Alves GF, Prudente AS, Otuki MF, Paludo KS, Sordi R, Fernandes D. Experimental periodontitis in rats potentiates inflammation at a distant site: Role of B 1 kinin receptor. Life Sci 2018; 194:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Wu C, Liu C, Luo K, Li Y, Jiang J, Yan F. Changes in Expression of the Membrane Receptors CD14, MHC-II, SR-A, and TLR4 in Tissue-Specific Monocytes/Macrophages Following Porphyromonas gingivalis–LPS Stimulation. Inflammation 2017; 41:418-431. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease (PD) is a multifactorial inflammatory condition in which inappropriate interaction between the host immune response and specific groups of bacterial pathogens leads to destruction of connective and bone tissues supporting the tooth. Dissemination of pathogens, toxins, and immune complexes from and to periodontal lesions is at the basis of the increasingly recognized association between PD and various systemic diseases (SDs). Considering the growing attention of the medical community to "gender medicine", this review focuses on the association between PD and six systemic conditions heavily impacting women's health, with the aim of providing evidence in support of a joint effort between physicians and dentists to improve clinical management of these conditions. METHODS We considered systematic reviews, meta-analyses and narrative reviews evaluating all possible associations between periodontitis, systemic diseases and women. RESULTS Gender prevalence for PD is discordant, but the literature strongly supports an association between PD and female infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, PD is bidirectionally linked to several systemic diseases characterized by an established female gender bias, i.e. osteoporosis (OP), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), autoimmunity, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the literature data reviewed here provides a strong foundation for further characterization of molecular and microbial drivers of PD and of several female-prevalent systemic diseases, highlighting the possible importance of a good oral condition in preventing or attenuating women's systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- b Universita degli Studi di Firenze , Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine , Florence , Italy
| | | | - Piero Nobili
- c AIMOP Accademia Italiana Medicina Orale e Parodontologia , Milano , Italy
| | - Enzo Medico
- d University of Torino , Department of Oncology , Torino , Italy
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22
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Bozoglan A, Ertugrul AS, Taspınar M, Yuzbasioglu B. Determining the relationship between atherosclerosis and periodontopathogenic microorganisms in chronic periodontitis patients. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:233-242. [PMID: 28116969 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1280739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between atherosclerosis and periodontopathogenic microorganisms in chronic periodontitis patients following periodontal treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 patients were included in the study. 20 of these patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis and chronic periodontitis formed the test group. The remaining 20 patients were systemically healthy patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and formed the control group. All patients had nonsurgical periodontal treatment. The periodontopathogenic microorganism levels were determined at baseline and at 6 months in microbial dental plaque samples and WBC, LDL, HDL, PLT, fibrinogen, creatinine and hs-CRP levels were determined by blood samples. RESULTS Statistically significant reduction has been achieved in clinical periodontal parameters following non-surgical periodontal treatment in test and control groups. Following periodontal treatment, WBC, LDL, PLT, fibrinogen, creatinine and hs-CRP levels significantly decreased and HDL levels significantly increased in both test and control groups. Similarly, the periodontopathogenic microorganism levels significantly decreased following periodontal treatment in the test and control groups. A statistically significant positive correlation has been determined between the periodontopathogenic microorganism levels and WBC, LDL, PLT, fibrinogen, creatinine, and hs-CRP levels in the test group. CONCLUSIONS The association between hs-CRP, WBC, LDL, PLT, fibrinogen, creatinine, and the amount of periodontopathogenic microorganisms indicates the possibility that periodontal treatment could decrease the risk atherosclerosis. More studies must be conducted in order for these results to be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alihan Bozoglan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Seckin Ertugrul
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Taspınar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Betul Yuzbasioglu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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23
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Walker J, Imboeck JM, Walker JM, Maitra A, Haririan H, Rausch-Fan X, Dodds M, Inui T, Somoza V. Magnolia officinalis L. Fortified Gum Improves Resistance of Oral Epithelial Cells Against Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1167-1185. [PMID: 27627917 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues are known health problems worldwide. Therefore, anti-inflammatory active compounds are used in oral care products to reduce long-term inflammation. In addition to inducing inflammation, pathogen attack leads to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may lead to oxidative damage of macromolecules. Magnolia officinalis L. bark extract (MBE) has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in vitro. In the present study, the influence of MBE-fortified chewing gum on the resistance against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress of oral epithelial cells was investigated in a four-armed parallel designed human intervention trial with 40 healthy volunteers. Ex vivo stimulation of oral epithelial cells with LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis for 6[Formula: see text]h increased the mRNA expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1[Formula: see text], IL-[Formula: see text], IL-8, MIP-1[Formula: see text], and TNF[Formula: see text]. Chewing MBE-fortified gum for 10[Formula: see text]min reduced the ex vivo LPS-induced increase of IL-8 release by 43.8 [Formula: see text] 17.1% at the beginning of the intervention. In addition, after the two-week intervention with MBE-fortified chewing gum, LPS-stimulated TNF[Formula: see text] release was attenuated by 73.4 [Formula: see text] 12.0% compared to chewing regular control gum. This increased resistance against LPS-induced inflammation suggests that MBE possesses anti-inflammatory activity in vivo when added to chewing gum. In contrast, the conditions used to stimulate an immune response of oral epithelial cells failed to induce oxidative stress, measured by catalase activity, or oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Walker
- * Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Maria Imboeck
- * Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joel Michael Walker
- * Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hady Haririan
- ‡ Competence Center for Oral Biology and Immunology, Bernhard Gottlieb University, Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- ‡ Competence Center for Oral Biology and Immunology, Bernhard Gottlieb University, Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Taichi Inui
- † Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Veronika Somoza
- * Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Lewis AL, Robinson LS, Agarwal K, Lewis WG. Discovery and characterization of de novo sialic acid biosynthesis in the phylum Fusobacterium. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1107-1119. [PMID: 27613803 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are nine-carbon backbone carbohydrates found in prominent outermost positions of glycosylated molecules in mammals. Mimicry of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid, Neu5Ac) enables some pathogenic bacteria to evade host defenses. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a ubiquitous oral bacterium also linked with invasive infections throughout the body. We employed multidisciplinary approaches to test predictions that F. nucleatum engages in de novo synthesis of sialic acids. Here we show that F. nucleatum sbsp. polymorphum ATCC10953 NeuB (putative Neu5Ac synthase) restores Neu5Ac synthesis to an Escherichia coli neuB mutant. Moreover, purified F. nucleatum NeuB participated in synthesis of Neu5Ac from N-acetylmannosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate in vitro Further studies support the interpretation that F. nucleatum ATCC10953 NeuA encodes a functional CMP-sialic acid synthetase and suggest that it may also contain a C-terminal sialic acid O-acetylesterase. We also performed BLAST queries of F. nucleatum genomes, revealing that only 4/31 strains encode a complete pathway for de novo Neu5Ac synthesis. Biochemical studies including mass spectrometry were consistent with the bioinformatic predictions, showing that F. nucleatum ATCC10953 synthesizes high levels of Neu5Ac, whereas ATCC23726 and ATCC25586 do not express detectable levels above background. While there are a number of examples of sialic acid mimicry in other phyla, these experiments provide the first biochemical and genetic evidence that a member of the phylum Fusobacterium can engage in de novo Neu5Ac synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | | | | | - Warren G Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, 660 South Euclid Ave, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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25
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Sherry L, Lappin G, O'Donnell LE, Millhouse E, Millington OR, Bradshaw DJ, Axe AS, Williams C, Nile CJ, Ramage G. Viable Compositional Analysis of an Eleven Species Oral Polymicrobial Biofilm. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:912. [PMID: 27375612 PMCID: PMC4902011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Polymicrobial biofilms are abundant in clinical disease, particularly within the oral cavity. Creating complex biofilm models that recapitulate the polymicrobiality of oral disease are important in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. In order to do this accurately we require the ability to undertake compositional analysis, in addition to determine individual cell viability, which is difficult using conventional microbiology. The aim of this study was to develop a defined multispecies denture biofilm model in vitro, and to assess viable compositional analysis following defined oral hygiene regimens. Methods: An in vitro multispecies denture biofilm containing various oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria and yeast was created on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Denture hygiene regimens tested against the biofilm model included brushing only, denture cleansing only and combinational brushing and denture cleansing. Biofilm composition and viability were assessed by culture (CFU) and molecular (qPCR) methodologies. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were also employed to visualize changes in denture biofilms following treatment. Results: Combinational treatment of brushing and denture cleansing had the greatest impact on multispecies denture biofilms, reducing the number of live cells by more than 2 logs, and altering the overall composition in favor of streptococci. This was even more evident during the sequential testing, whereby daily sequential treatment reduced the total and live number of bacteria and yeast more than those treated intermittently. Bacteria and yeast remaining following treatment tended to aggregate in the pores of the PMMA, proving more difficult to fully eradicate the biofilm. Conclusions: Overall, we are the first to develop a method to enable viable compositional analysis of an 11 species denture biofilm following chemotherapeutic challenge. We were able to demonstrate viable cell reduction and changes in population dynamics following evaluation of various denture cleansing regimens. Specifically, it was demonstrated that daily combinational treatment of brushing and cleansing proved to be the most advantageous denture hygiene regimen, however, residual organisms still remained within the pores of PMMA surface, which could act as a reservoir for further biofilm regrowth. We have identified an industry need for denture cleansing agents with the capacity to penetrate these pores and disaggregate these complex biofilm consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighann Sherry
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK; Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice, School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of ScotlandPaisley, UK
| | - Gillian Lappin
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Lindsay E O'Donnell
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Millhouse
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Owain R Millington
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK
| | - David J Bradshaw
- Gum Health and Dry Mouth Group, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Weybridge, UK
| | - Alyson S Axe
- Gum Health and Dry Mouth Group, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Weybridge, UK
| | - Craig Williams
- Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice, School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland Paisley, UK
| | - Christopher J Nile
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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27
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Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Tavares M, São Braz B, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Enterococcal Infective Endocarditis following Periodontal Disease in Dogs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146860. [PMID: 26752198 PMCID: PMC4709084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, one of the major factors associated with infective endocarditis (IE) is the concurrent presence of periodontal disease (PD). However, in veterinary medicine, the relevance of PD in the evolution of dogs’ endocarditis remains poorly understood. In order to try to establish a correlation between mouth-associated Enterococcus spp. and infective endocarditis in dogs, the present study evaluated the presence and diversity of enterococci in the gum and heart of dogs with PD. Samples were collected during necropsy of 32 dogs with PD and visually diagnosed with IE, which died of natural causes or euthanasia. Enterococci were isolated, identified and further characterized by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE); susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and pathogenicity potential was also evaluated. In seven sampled animals, PFGE-patterns, resistance and virulence profiles were found to be identical between mouth and heart enterococci obtained from the same dog, allowing the establishment of an association between enterococcal periodontal disease and endocarditis in dogs. These findings represent a crucial step towards understanding the pathogenesis of PD-driven IE, and constitute a major progress in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300–477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Tavares
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300–477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Berta São Braz
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300–477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300–477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300–477 Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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28
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Gülseren D, Karaduman A, Kutsal D, Nohutcu RM. The relationship between recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and periodontal disease and Helicobacter Pylori infection. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2055-2060. [PMID: 26733449 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disease with unknown etiology. This cross-sectional study aimed to test the hypothesis that Helicobacter pylori and periodontal disease might play an etiological role in RAS. METHODS Dental plaque samples obtained from 38 patients with RAS and 43 healthy individuals via periodontal examinations were examined for H. pylori colonization. H. pylori was identified using the rapid urease test (RUT). The periodontal status of the patients and controls was based on the following periodontal parameters: periodontal pocket depth (PPD), the plaque index (PI), the gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). RESULTS RUT results were positive in 34 (89.5 %) of the 38 patients and 24 (55.8 %) of the 43 controls (P = 0.002). There were not any significant differences in mean PPD, PI, GI, or CAL between the patient and control groups (P > 0.05). Mean PPD, PI, GI, and CAL were higher in the RUT-positive RAS patients than in the RUT-negative patients (P > 0.05, for all). CONCLUSIONS The present findings show that H. pylori might have played an etiological role in RAS and might have caused periodontal disease, but RAS was not associated with any of the periodontal parameters examined in this study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present study indicates that H. pylori plays a role in the development of RAS, but periodontal diseases have no effect on it. Eradicating H. pylori might be useful to prevent RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gülseren
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ankara Polatlı Duatepe State Hospital, Şentepe Mah. Hasan Polatkan Cad. B Blok, Polatlı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - A Karaduman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D Kutsal
- Department of Periodontology, Aksaray Oral and Dental Health Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - R M Nohutcu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Padmalatha GV, Bavle RM, Satyakiran GVV, Paremala K, Sudhakara M, Makarla S. Quantification of Porphyromonas gingivalis in chronic periodontitis patients associated with diabetes mellitus using real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:413-418. [PMID: 27721606 PMCID: PMC5051289 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.190933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Periodontal diseases, if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss and affect at least one tooth in 80% of adults worldwide, with the main cause being a bacterial plaque. Among subgingival plaque bacterial species, Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as a major etiological agent causing tooth loss. Diabetics and smokers are two patient groups at high risk for periodontal disease. The increase in the number of this organism with the coexistence of other pathogenic microbes leads to rapid destruction of the periodontium, premature loss of teeth and also because of its virulence has implications in systemic pathology. Our aim was to observe the involvement of P. gingivalis in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients associated with periodontitis with and without tobacco-associated habits and to compare them with periodontitis patients having no other systemic pathologies. Materials and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples from a total of seventy subjects were included in the study. DNA was isolated from the collected sample and was quantified using spectrophotometer for standardizing the polymerase chain reaction. The quantity of the isolated DNA was checked in a ultraviolet-visible spectrophotomer. Statistics: One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures were carried out. Results: The maximum score of P. gingivalis was seen in periodontitis patients having DM, whereas the least score was seen in periodontitis patients having DM with tobacco smoking habit compared to the other groups. Conclusion: P. gingivalis count is significantly reduced in periodontitis patients having DM with smoking habit; it is concluded that P. gingivalis might not be a key causative organism responsible for the periodontal destruction in case of smokers despite the DM condition. The decrease in counts may be attributed to change in the local environment like chemical (tobacco nitrosamines) and physical changes preventing the growth of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Padmalatha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Radhika M Bavle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - K Paremala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Sudhakara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumya Makarla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Calandrini CA, Ribeiro AC, Gonnelli AC, Ota-Tsuzuki C, Rangel LP, Saba-Chujfi E, Mayer MPA. Microbial composition of atherosclerotic plaques. Oral Dis 2015; 20:e128-34. [PMID: 24188425 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association of infections such as periodontitis with atherosclerotic diseases is well documented. In spite of the high diversity of the human oral microbiota, and its close contact with the circulatory system, few oral species were detected in atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, we attempted to evaluate the microbial diversity of atherosclerotic plaques from patients with different periodontal conditions, submitted to endarterectomy by a broad-range microbial method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients indicated for aorta endarterectomy due to myocardial infarction were recruited for periodontal clinical examination. The microbial diversity of atherosclerotic plaques (n = 35) was evaluated by sequence analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA libraries. RESULTS Bacterial DNA was detected in 12 endarterectomy specimens (34.3%). Twenty-three bacterial species/phylotypes were identified. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes comprised 78.3% and 21.7% of the identified taxa, respectively. Fifteen (60.9%) phylotypes were reported as yet uncultivable or as yet uncharacterized species. Two uncultured phylotypes were previously detected in the human mouth. The periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was detected in seven samples (20%), followed by Pseudomonas species. There was no association between periodontal parameters and detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans or other phylotypes in atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a role of the oral microbiota in the development of inflammation in atherogenesis, particularly of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Calandrini
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Periodontology, São Leopoldo Mandic University, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Dou Y, Aruni W, Muthiah A, Roy F, Wang C, Fletcher HM. Studies of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor PG0162 in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26216199 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PG0162, annotated as an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor in Porphyromonas gingivalis, is composed of 193 amino acids. As previously reported, the PG0162-deficient mutant, P. gingivalis FLL350 showed significant reduction in gingipain activity compared with the parental strain. Because this ECF sigma factor could be involved in the virulence regulation in P. gingivalis, its genetic properties were further characterized. A 5'-RACE analysis showed that the start of transcription of the PG0162 gene occurred from a guanine (G) residue 69 nucleotides upstream of the ATG translation initiation codon. The function of PG0162 as a sigma factor was confirmed in a run-off in vitro transcription assay using the purified rPG0162 and RNAP core enzyme from Escherichia coli with the PG0162 promoter as template. As an appropriate PG0162 inducing environmental signal is unknown, a strain overexpressing the PG0162 gene designated P. gingivalis FLL391 was created. Compared with the wild-type strain, transcriptome analysis of P. gingivalis FLL391 showed that approximately 24% of the genome displayed altered gene expression (260 upregulated genes; 286 downregulated genes). Two other ECF sigma factors (PG0985 and PG1660) were upregulated more than two-fold. The autoregulation of PG0162 was confirmed with the binding of the rPG0162 protein to the PG0162 promoter in electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In addition, the rPG0162 protein also showed the ability to bind to the promoter region of two genes (PG0521 and PG1167) that were most upregulated in P. gingivalis FLL391. Taken together, our data suggest that PG0162 is a sigma factor that may play an important role in the virulence regulatory network in P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dou
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - W Aruni
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - A Muthiah
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - F Roy
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - C Wang
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - H M Fletcher
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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O'Donnell LE, Smith K, Williams C, Nile CJ, Lappin DF, Bradshaw D, Lambert M, Robertson DP, Bagg J, Hannah V, Ramage G. Dentures are a Reservoir for Respiratory Pathogens. J Prosthodont 2015; 25:99-104. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E. O'Donnell
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; UK
| | - Karen Smith
- Institute of Healthcare Associated Infection, School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery; University of the West of Scotland; Paisley UK
| | - Craig Williams
- Institute of Healthcare Associated Infection, School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery; University of the West of Scotland; Paisley UK
| | - Chris J. Nile
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; UK
| | - David F. Lappin
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; UK
| | | | | | - Douglas P. Robertson
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; UK
| | - Jeremy Bagg
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; UK
| | - Victoria Hannah
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; UK
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; UK
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The Two-Way Association of Periodontal Infection with Systemic Disorders: An Overview. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:793898. [PMID: 26339142 PMCID: PMC4539125 DOI: 10.1155/2015/793898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity that harbors diverse bacterial populations could also act as a site of origin for spread of pathogenic microorganisms to different body sites, particularly in immunocompromised hosts, patients, the elderly, or the underprivileged. A number of recent publications have advocated that patients with periodontal diseases are more susceptible to metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other related systemic complications, concluding that periodontal diseases could be a potential contributing risk factor for a wide array of clinically important systemic diseases. However, despite a significant increase in the prevalence of periodontal infections and systemic diseases in the past few decades, the fundamental biological mechanisms of connection between these ailments are still not fully explicated. Consequently, the mechanisms by which this bidirectional damage occurs are being explored with a concentric vision to develop strategies that could prevent or control the complications of these ailments. This paper attempts to summarize and hypothesize the diverse mechanisms that hint to a certain connection between the two prevalent chronic situations.
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Kong F, Zheng D, She P, Ni P, Zhu H, Xu H, Su Z. Porphyromonas gingivalis B cell Antigen Epitope Vaccine, pIRES-ragB'-mGITRL, Promoted RagB-Specific Antibody Production and Tfh Cells Expansion. Scand J Immunol 2015; 81:476-82. [PMID: 25689343 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The outer membrane protein RagB is one of the major virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). To prevent periodontitis and associated systemic diseases induced by P. gingivalis, we built B cell antigen epitope vaccine characterized by pIRES-ragB'-mGITRL to induce a protective immune responses. The B cell antigen epitope and scrambled peptide of ragB were predicted, cloned into pIRES and constructed pIRES-ragB', pIRES-scrambled epitopes and pIRES-ragB'-mGITRL. pIRES-ragB'-mGITRL was transfected into COS-7 cells. Subsequently, the 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were challenged by P. gingivalis following three time immunization by pIRES, pIRES-ragB', pIRES-scrambled epitopes and pIRES-ragB'-mGITRL. The levels of RagB-specific antibody in the serum and Tfh cells in the spleen were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. And higher levels of RagB-specific IgG were produced in the immunized mice with pIRES-ragB'-mGITRL. Additionally, the number of Tfh cells was also expanded and lesions were diminished in pIRES-ragB'-mGITRL mice comparing with control groups. Our results clearly demonstrated that P. gingivalis B cell antigen epitope vaccine, pIRES-ragB'-mGITRL, could induce protective immune responses. Furthermore, our data also indicated that pIRES-ragB'-mGITRL was a potential therapeutic vaccine against P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kong
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - D Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - P She
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - P Ni
- Department of Immunology & Laboratory Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Immunology & Laboratory Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - H Xu
- Department of Immunology & Laboratory Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Z Su
- Department of Immunology & Laboratory Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Sanchez-Torres D, Gutierrez-Bejarano D, Hurtado-Roca Y, Guallar-Castillon P, Muntner P, Laclaustra M. Non-linear association of periodontal pathogen antibodies with mortality. Int J Cardiol 2015; 187:628-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Prevalence of Treponema Species Detected in Endodontic Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis. J Endod 2015; 41:579-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shoji M, Takeshita T, Maruyama F, Inaba H, Imai K, Kawada-Matsuo M. [Recent advances in the field of oral bacteriology]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2015; 70:333-338. [PMID: 26028214 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.70.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is inhabited by more than 600 bacterial species; these species compete for nutrients or coexist in order to survive along with the indigenous population. Extreme conditions are prevalent in the oral cavity, and these conditions are influenced by our immunity and variations in nutrition, temperature, and pH. Pathogens that cause dental caries or periodontal disease can survive in these extreme environments; these pathogens are virulent and can cause several diseases. Therefore, research on oral bacteriology is warranted to analyze the virulence factors of these bacteria as well as to ascertain environmental stress responses, interactions between bacteria and human immunity, comparisons of bacterial genomes, and oral microflora. In this review, we provide new data in the fields of bacteriology, immunology, and genomics and describe recent advances in the field of oral bacteriology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Shoji
- Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Lu H, Xu M, Wang F, Liu S, Gu J, Lin S. Chronic stress enhances progression of periodontitis via α1-adrenergic signaling: a potential target for periodontal disease therapy. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e118. [PMID: 25323788 PMCID: PMC4221694 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the roles of chronic stress (CS) in the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and explored the underlying mechanisms of periodontitis. Using an animal model of periodontitis and CS, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the protein levels of the α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) were assessed. Furthermore, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the process of inflammation. The proliferation of the HPDLFs and the expression of α1-AR and β2-AR were assessed. The inflammatory-related cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were detected after pretreatment with the α1/β2-AR blockers phentolamine/propranolol, both in vitro and in vivo. Results show that periodontitis under CS conditions enhanced the expression of TH, α1-AR and β2-AR. Phentolamine significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, we observed a marked decrease in HPDLF proliferation and the increased expression of α1-ARfollowing LPS pretreatment. Pretreatment with phentolamine dramatically ameliorated LPS-inhibited cell proliferation. In addition, the blocking of α1-ARsignaling also hindered the upregulation of the inflammatory-related cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. These results suggest that CS can significantly enhance the pathological progression of periodontitis by an α1-adrenergic signaling-mediated inflammatory response. We have identified a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontal disease, particularly in those patients suffering from concurrent CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixiu Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minguang Xu
- Department of Medical Engineering, The Second Artillery General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shisen Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songshan Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Involvement of PG2212 zinc finger protein in the regulation of oxidative stress resistance in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83. J Bacteriol 2014; 196:4057-70. [PMID: 25225267 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01907-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of Porphyromonas gingivalis to H2O2-induced stress while inducible is modulated by an unknown OxyR-independent mechanism. Previously, we reported that the PG_2212 gene was highly upregulated in P. gingivalis under conditions of prolonged oxidative stress. Because this gene may have regulatory properties, its function in response to H2O2 was further characterized. PG2212, annotated as a hypothetical protein of unknown function, is a 10.3-kDa protein with a cysteine 2-histidine 2 (Cys2His2) zinc finger domain. The isogenic mutant P. gingivalis FLL366 (ΔPG_2212) showed increased sensitivity to H2O2 and decreased gingipain activity compared to the parent strain. Transcriptome analysis of P. gingivalis FLL366 revealed that approximately 11% of the genome displayed altered expression (130 downregulated genes and 120 upregulated genes) in response to prolonged H2O2-induced stress. The majority of the modulated genes were hypothetical or of unknown function, although some are known to participate in oxidative stress resistance. The promoter region of several of the most highly modulated genes contained conserved motifs. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the purified rPG2212 protein did not bind its own promoter region but bound a similar region in several of the genes modulated in the PG_2212-deficient mutant. A metabolome analysis revealed that PG2212 can regulate a number of genes coding for proteins involved in metabolic pathways critical for its survival under the conditions of oxidative stress. Collectively, our data suggest that PG2212 is a transcriptional regulator that plays an important role in oxidative stress resistance and virulence regulation in P. gingivalis.
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40
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Maixner F, Thomma A, Cipollini G, Widder S, Rattei T, Zink A. Metagenomic analysis reveals presence of Treponema denticola in a tissue biopsy of the Iceman. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99994. [PMID: 24941044 PMCID: PMC4062476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancient hominoid genome studies can be regarded by definition as metagenomic analyses since they represent a mixture of both hominoid and microbial sequences in an environment. Here, we report the molecular detection of the oral spirochete Treponema denticola in ancient human tissue biopsies of the Iceman, a 5,300-year-old Copper Age natural ice mummy. Initially, the metagenomic data of the Iceman’s genomic survey was screened for bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) specific reads. Through ranking the reads by abundance a relatively high number of rRNA reads most similar to T. denticola was detected. Mapping of the metagenome sequences against the T. denticola genome revealed additional reads most similar to this opportunistic pathogen. The DNA damage pattern of specifically mapped reads suggests an ancient origin of these sequences. The haematogenous spread of bacteria of the oral microbiome often reported in the recent literature could already explain the presence of metagenomic reads specific for T. denticola in the Iceman’s bone biopsy. We extended, however, our survey to an Iceman gingival tissue sample and a mouth swab sample and could thereby detect T. denticola and Porphyrimonas gingivalis, another important member of the human commensal oral microflora. Taken together, this study clearly underlines the opportunity to detect disease-associated microorganisms when applying metagenomics- enabled approaches on datasets of ancient human remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anton Thomma
- CUBE - Division of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefanie Widder
- CUBE - Division of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rattei
- CUBE - Division of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albert Zink
- CUBE - Division of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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41
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Miller DP, McDowell JV, Bell JK, Goetting-Minesky MP, Fenno JC, Marconi RT. Analysis of the complement sensitivity of oral treponemes and the potential influence of FH binding, FH cleavage and dentilisin activity on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 29:194-207. [PMID: 24815960 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Treponema denticola, a periopathogen, evades complement-mediated killing by binding the negative complement regulatory protein factor H (FH) to its surface via the FhbB protein. Paradoxically, bound FH is cleaved by T. denticola's dentilisin protease, a process hypothesized to trigger localized dysregulation of complement activation in periodontal pockets. The ability of other oral treponemes to evade complement-mediated killing and bind and cleave FH has not been assessed. In this report, we demonstrate that representative isolates of Treponema socranskii, Treponema medium, Treponema pectinovorum and Treponema maltophilum are also serum resistant, whereas Treponema vincentii and Treponema amylovorum are serum sensitive. Although T. denticola's ability to evade complement-mediated killing is strictly dependent on FH binding, other serum-resistant treponemal species lack FhbB and do not bind FH, indicating an FH-independent mechanism of complement evasion. To assess the influence of FhbB sequence variation on FH binding and cleavage by T. denticola, fhbB sequences were determined for 30 isolates. Three distinct phyletic types were identified. All T. denticola strains bound FH and were serum resistant, but differences in binding kinetics, dentilisin activity and FH cleavage ability were observed. Based on these analyses, we hypothesize that the composition of the T. denticola population is a determining factor that influences the progression and severity of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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42
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Ghaderi H, Kiany F, Razmkhah M, Dadras S, Chenari N, Hosseini A, Younesi V, Ghaderi A. mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors and their signaling mediators in healthy and diseased gingival tissues. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 18:150-4. [PMID: 24872620 PMCID: PMC4033878 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.131309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gingivitis and periodontitis are initiated by inflammation caused by microorganisms. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from these microorganisms are recognized through various toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). In this study, we have chosen five TLRs and two NLRs as representatives taking part in the recognition and inflammation process, along with a few of their signaling mediators including CD14, MYD88, and TRIF to compare their mRNA expression levels between healthy and diseased gingival tissues. This will provide deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying gingivitis and periodontitis. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of the periodontal diseases could greatly help in establishing effective ways for prevention and treatment of these diseases besides decreasing the risk factor for relevant systemic disorders. Materials and Methods: Gingival tissue samples for mRNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were taken from patients with gingivitis and periodontitis and from healthy control subjects. Messenger RNA expression of all genes was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Among the genes studied in different groups, only MYD88 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to that of the controls. The expression level of this molecule was also significantly higher in patients with severe periodontitis compared to other patients and also compared to healthy individuals. In different tissues, positive significant correlations were observed between the mRNA expression levels of some genes. Conclusions: Elevated mRNA levels of MYD88 in periodontitis might have a key role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Therefore, MYD88 may be a useful target for the therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farin Kiany
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Dadras
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Noushafarin Chenari
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Younesi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Liu YQ, Petrini M, Maloni JA. “Doing the month”: Postpartum practices in Chinese women. Nurs Health Sci 2014; 17:5-14. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qun Liu
- HOPE School of Nursing; Wuhan University; Wuchang China
| | | | - Judith A. Maloni
- School of Nursing; Case Western Reserve University; Chagrin Falls OH USA
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Amplification of bacteria-induced platelet activation is triggered by FcγRIIA, integrin αIIbβ3, and platelet factor 4. Blood 2014; 123:3166-74. [PMID: 24642751 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-540526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to platelets is mediated via a range of strain-specific bacterial surface proteins that bind to a variety of platelet receptors. It is unclear how these interactions lead to platelet activation. We demonstrate a critical role for the immune receptor FcγRIIA, αIIbβ3, and Src and Syk tyrosine kinases in platelet activation by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. FcγRIIA activation is dependent on immunoglobulin G (IgG) and αIIbβ3 engagement. Moreover, feedback agonists adenosine 5'-diphosphate and thromboxane A2 are mandatory for platelet aggregation. Additionally, platelet factor 4 (PF4) binds to bacteria and reduces the lag time for aggregation, and gray platelet syndrome α-granule-deficient platelets do not aggregate to 4 of 5 bacterial strains. We propose that FcγRIIA-mediated activation is a common response mechanism used against a wide range of bacteria, and that release of secondary mediators and PF4 serve as a positive feedback mechanism for activation through an IgG-dependent pathway.
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45
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The Development of Dentotropic Micelles with Biodegradable Tooth-Binding Moieties. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2808-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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46
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Walker JM, Maitra A, Walker J, Ehrnhoefer-Ressler MM, Inui T, Somoza V. Identification of Magnolia officinalis L. Bark Extract as the Most Potent Anti-Inflammatory of Four Plant Extracts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:531-44. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the anti-inflammatory potential of a Magnolia officinalis L. bark extract solely or in combination with extracts prepared from either Polygonum aviculare L., Sambucus nigra L., or Isodon japonicus L. in bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) and human U-937 monocytes, as cell models of periodontal disease. HGF-1 and U-937 cells were incubated with LPS from either Porphyromonas gingivalis or Escherichia coli together with the four plant extracts alone or in combination. Secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines from HGF-1 and U-937 cells was measured by means of a multiplexed bead assay system. Magnolia officinalis L. bark extract, at concentrations of 1 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, reduced interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion from HGF-1 cells to 72.5 ± 28.6% and reduced matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) secretion from U-937 cells to 8.87 ± 7.97% compared to LPS-treated cells (100%). The other three extracts also reduced secretion of these inflammatory markers but were not as effective. Combination of 9 μg/mL Magnolia officinalis L. extract with 1 μg/mL of each of the other extracts maintained the anti-inflammatory effect of Magnolia officinalis L. extract. Combination of 5 μg/mL Magnolia officinalis L. extract with 5 μg/mL Isodon japonicus L. extract also maintained the anti-inflammatory potential of the Magnolia officinalis L. extract, whereas increasing concentrations of any of the other plant extracts in the combination experiments reduced the Magnolia officinalis L. extract efficacy in U-937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Walker
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jessica Walker
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam M. Ehrnhoefer-Ressler
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taichi Inui
- Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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47
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Efficacy of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline against nitrosative stress in chronic periodontitis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:247-54. [PMID: 23147558 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline (SDD) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment against the nitrosative stress of moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis. METHODS Adults with untreated chronic periodontitis (n=174) were randomly administered SRP+SDD (n=87) (20 mg of doxycycline twice daily) or SRP+placebo (n=87) treatment for 3 months. At baseline and after 3 months, the probing depths (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured, and a gingivomucosal biopsy was collected to assay the induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), and blood was collected to assay for total nitrites and nitrates (NO(x)) and 3NT. RESULTS Compared to baseline, at the completion of treatment, significant decreases in the levels of tissue iNOS and 3NT and serum NO(x) and 3NT were observed in both groups. SRP+SDD yielded a greater reduction in the gingivomucosal and serum nitrosative stress markers than did SRP+placebo. PD, BOP, and CAL reduction were correlated with the nitrosative stress parameters. CONCLUSION On a short-term basis, SDD therapy may be used as an adjunct to SRP treatment against nitrosative stress in moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis.
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Liu YQ, Maloni JA, Petrini MA. Effect of Postpartum Practices of Doing the Month on Chinese Women’s Physical and Psychological Health. Biol Res Nurs 2012; 16:55-63. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800412465107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to describe Chinese women’s postpartum physiological and psychological health and adherence to “doing-the-month” practices. A descriptive repeated measures design was used, with data collected at 3 days and 6 weeks postpartum. The convenience sample consisted of 198 healthy childbearing women with a term birth. Maternal physical health was measured by the Six-Minute Walk (endurance), Chair Stand test (muscle strength), severity of physical symptoms, and physical health subscales of SF36v2. Maternal psychological health was measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale. Adherence was measured by the Adherence to Doing-the-Month Practices questionnaire. Aerobic endurance and lower-body muscle strength improved significantly across time ( p < .001) but remained suboptimal for maternal age. Women who delivered by Cesarean section had significantly poorer physical health than those who had a vaginal delivery. Physical functioning significantly increased, but general health and role limitations due to physical health significantly decreased over time. Postpartum physical symptoms decreased in number and severity. Depression increased over time ( p < .001). Adherence to doing the month was negatively correlated with aerobic endurance and positively correlated with depression at 6 weeks ( p < .05). These findings challenge the assumption that practices of doing the month are healthy for Chinese women’s recovery after childbirth. Research-based evidence needs to be integrated into doing-the-month practices. Education of Chinese women and families, whether living at home or abroad, is needed about the adverse health effects of doing the month. Routine screening for postpartum depression is also advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qun Liu
- Wuhan University HOPE School of Nursing, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Judith A. Maloni
- Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marcia A. Petrini
- Wuhan University HOPE School of Nursing, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Schillinger C, Petrich A, Lux R, Riep B, Kikhney J, Friedmann A, Wolinsky LE, Göbel UB, Daims H, Moter A. Co-localized or randomly distributed? Pair cross correlation of in vivo grown subgingival biofilm bacteria quantified by digital image analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37583. [PMID: 22655057 PMCID: PMC3360060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymicrobial nature of periodontal diseases is reflected by the diversity of phylotypes detected in subgingival plaque and the finding that consortia of suspected pathogens rather than single species are associated with disease development. A number of these microorganisms have been demonstrated in vitro to interact and enhance biofilm integration, survival or even pathogenic features. To examine the in vivo relevance of these proposed interactions, we extended the spatial arrangement analysis tool of the software daime (digital image analysis in microbial ecology). This modification enabled the quantitative analysis of microbial co-localization in images of subgingival biofilm species, where the biomass was confined to fractions of the whole-image area, a situation common for medical samples. Selected representatives of the disease-associated red and orange complexes that were previously suggested to interact with each other in vitro (Tannerella forsythia with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis with Prevotella intermedia) were chosen for analysis and labeled with specific fluorescent probes via fluorescence in situ hybridization. Pair cross-correlation analysis of in vivo grown biofilms revealed tight clustering of F. nucleatum/periodonticum and T. forsythia at short distances (up to 6 µm) with a pronounced peak at 1.5 µm. While these results confirmed previous in vitro observations for F. nucleatum and T. forsythia, random spatial distribution was detected between P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in the in vivo samples. In conclusion, we successfully employed spatial arrangement analysis on the single cell level in clinically relevant medical samples and demonstrated the utility of this approach for the in vivo validation of in vitro observations by analyzing statistically relevant numbers of different patients. More importantly, the culture-independent nature of this approach enables similar quantitative analyses for “as-yet-uncultured” phylotypes which cannot be characterized in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schillinger
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annett Petrich
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Lux
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Birgit Riep
- Abteilung für Parodontologie und Synoptische Zahnmedizin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Kikhney
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Friedmann
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, University of Witten, Witten, Germany
| | - Lawrence E. Wolinsky
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ulf B. Göbel
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Daims
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Ecology Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (AM); (HD)
| | - Annette Moter
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (AM); (HD)
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Javed F, Al-Askar M, Almas K, Romanos GE, Al-Hezaimi K. Tissue reactions to various suture materials used in oral surgical interventions. ISRN DENTISTRY 2012; 2012:762095. [PMID: 22645688 PMCID: PMC3356909 DOI: 10.5402/2012/762095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of suture materials are available for primary wound closure following oral surgical procedures. The aim was to review the tissue reactions to the various suture materials used in oral surgical interventions. Databases were searched using the following keywords: cotton, nylon, polyglecaprone 25, polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), Polyglactin 910, polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid, silk, surgery, suture, and tissue reaction. Articles published only in English language were included. Seventeen studies were included. Two studies reported that polyglecaprone 25 had positive effects on wound-healing as compared to silk. Six studies reported that silk elicits more intense tissue inflammatory response and delayed wound healing as compared to other suture materials (including ePTFE, polyglecaprone-25, PGA, and nylon). Polyglactin 910 sutures were associated with the development of stitch abscess in one clinical study. Eight studies reported that tissue reactions are minimal with nylon sutures. Tissue reactions to suture materials used for oral surgical interventions may vary depending on the surface properties and bacterial adherence properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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