1
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Ansari MM, Sahu SK, Singh TG, Singh S, Kaur P. Evolving Significance of Kinase Inhibitors in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176816. [PMID: 39038637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative problem with progressive loss of memory and other cognitive function disorders resulting in the imbalance of neurotransmitter activity and signaling progression, which poses the need of the potential therapeutic target to improve the intracellular signaling cascade brought by kinases. Protein kinase plays a significant and multifaceted role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, by targeting pathological mechanisms like tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta production and synaptic dysfunction. In this review, we thoroughly explore the essential protein kinases involved in Alzheimer's disease, detailing their physiological roles, regulatory impacts, and the newest inhibitors and compounds that are progressing into clinical trials. All the findings of studies exhibited the promising role of kinase inhibitors in the management of Alzheimer's disease. However, it still poses the need of addressing current challenges and opportunities involved with this disorder for the future perspective of kinase inhibitors in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Further study includes the development of biomarkers, combination therapy, and next-generation kinase inhibitors with increased potency and selectivity for its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mustafiz Ansari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | | | - SoviaRJ Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Paranjeet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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2
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Busta L, Hall D, Johnson B, Schaut M, Hanson CM, Gupta A, Gundrum M, Wang Y, A Maeda H. Mapping of specialized metabolite terms onto a plant phylogeny using text mining and large language models. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38976238 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce a staggering array of chemicals that are the basis for organismal function and important human nutrients and medicines. However, it is poorly defined how these compounds evolved and are distributed across the plant kingdom, hindering a systematic view and understanding of plant chemical diversity. Recent advances in plant genome/transcriptome sequencing have provided a well-defined molecular phylogeny of plants, on which the presence of diverse natural products can be mapped to systematically determine their phylogenetic distribution. Here, we built a proof-of-concept workflow where previously reported diverse tyrosine-derived plant natural products were mapped onto the plant tree of life. Plant chemical-species associations were mined from literature, filtered, evaluated through manual inspection of over 2500 scientific articles, and mapped onto the plant phylogeny. The resulting "phylochemical" map confirmed several highly lineage-specific compound class distributions, such as betalain pigments and Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. The map also highlighted several lineages enriched in dopamine-derived compounds, including the orders Caryophyllales, Liliales, and Fabales. Additionally, the application of large language models, using our manually curated data as a ground truth set, showed that post-mining processing can largely be automated with a low false-positive rate, critical for generating a reliable phylochemical map. Although a high false-negative rate remains a challenge, our study demonstrates that combining text mining with language model-based processing can generate broader phylochemical maps, which will serve as a valuable community resource to uncover key evolutionary events that underlie plant chemical diversity and enable system-level views of nature's millions of years of chemical experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Busta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Drew Hall
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Braidon Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Madelyn Schaut
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Caroline M Hanson
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anika Gupta
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Megan Gundrum
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yuer Wang
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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3
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Park C, Sathasivam R, Yeo HJ, Park YJ, Kim JK, Shin SY, Park SU. Comparative Analysis of Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Different In Vitro Tissues of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23761-23771. [PMID: 38854557 PMCID: PMC11154942 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis is a perennial monocot plant that is well known for its pharmaceutical and ornamental uses. This study aimed to understand the changes in the primary and secondary metabolites in different in vitro tissues of N. tazetta (callus, adventitious root, and shoot) using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In addition, to optimize the most efficient in vitro culture methods for primary and secondary metabolite production, N. tazetta bulbs were used as explants and cultivated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different hormones at various concentrations. In addition, the present study found suitable hormonal concentrations for callus, adventitious root, and shoot induction and analyzed the primary and secondary metabolites. The MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 dicamba, 3.0 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 3.0 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was the most efficient media for callus, adventitious root, and shoot induction in N. tazetta. The tissue induced in this medium was subjected to primary (amines, amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols) and secondary metabolite (galantamine and phenolic acids) analysis. The shoots and roots showed the highest amounts of metabolites. This study showed that bulb in vitro culture can be an efficient micropropagation method for N. tazetta and the production of primary and secondary metabolites, offering implications for the mass production of primary and secondary metabolite compounds from N. tazetta tissues generated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanung Park
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Park
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Shin
- Using
Technology Development Department, Bio-resources Research Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources
(NNIBR), 137, Donam 2-gil, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Sangju-si 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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4
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Al-Hmadi HB, Majdoub S, El Mokni R, Angeloni S, Mustafa AM, Caprioli G, Zengin G, Maggi F, Hammami S. Metabolite profiling, enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant potential of different extracts from Glycyrrhiza foetida Desf. (Fabaceae, Galegeae, Glycyrrhizinae). Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105792. [PMID: 38176472 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, represents a socio-economic burden for healthcare systems. Consequently multiple studies aiming to facilitate early diagnostic and prevent complications have demonstrated the promising role of phenolic derivatives on diabetes management. In this frame, the present study aimed to establish for the first time the chemical ingredients and to appraise the antioxidant and the enzyme inhibitory properties of Glycyrrhiza foetida aerial parts and roots extracts using methanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform solvents. The phytochemicals were analyzed via (HPLC-MS/MS). In addition, the extracts were tested for inhibitory activities against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase. The antioxidant capabilities were evaluated using various methods (phospho‑molybdenum, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and metal chelating assays). Notably, twenty-nine secondary metabolites, namely eleven phenolic acids, seventeen flavonoids and a non-phenolic acid have been identified. Delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside, rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, catechin, phloridzin and hesperidin were the major compounds in the aerial parts extracts while trans-cinnamic acid was the dominant compound in roots. Among phenolic acids, vanillic acid was found to be the main constituent in all extracts. The tested extracts were found to yield TPC in amounts ranging from 34.08 to 49.36 mg GAE/g and TFC ranging from 7.01 to 45.74 mg RE/g. G. foetida extracts showed interesting in vitro antioxidant properties. Additionally, all extracts showed a significant anti-tyrosinase activity, with inhibition values ranging between 52.84 and 80.34 mg KAE/g. Thus, G. foetida remains an exceptional matrix for further investigations and application in cosmetics and food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hekmat B Al-Hmadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Processes (LR21ES04), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.; Department of Chemistry, College of Medicine, AL-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Siwar Majdoub
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Processes (LR21ES04), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ridha El Mokni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "A", Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Avicenna Street, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.; Laboratory of Forest Ecology, National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), IRESA, Carthage University, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Simone Angeloni
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino I-62032, (MC), Italy
| | - Ahmed M Mustafa
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino I-62032, (MC), Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino I-62032, (MC), Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino I-62032, (MC), Italy
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Processes (LR21ES04), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia..
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Wang QY, Gao Y, Yao JN, Zhou L, Chen HP, Liu JK. Penisimplicins A and B: Novel Polyketide-Peptide Hybrid Alkaloids from the Fungus Penicillium simplicissimum JXCC5. Molecules 2024; 29:613. [PMID: 38338359 PMCID: PMC10856265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, two previously undescribed nitrogen-containing compounds, penisimplicins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from Penicillium simplicissimum JXCC5. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configuration of 2 was determined by Marfey's method, ECD calculation, and DP4+ analysis. Both structures of 1 and 2 feature an unprecedented manner of amino acid-derivatives attaching to a polyketide moiety by C-C bond. The postulated biosynthetic pathways for 1 and 2 were discussed. Additionally, compound 1 exhibited significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 6.35 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian-Neng Yao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - He-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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6
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Chang YB, Jung EJ, Suh HJ, Choi HS. Protective Effects of Whey Protein Hydrolysate, Treadmill Exercise, and Their Combination against Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Deficit in Mice. Foods 2023; 12:4428. [PMID: 38137233 PMCID: PMC10742977 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the potential of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) and treadmill exercise to prevent cognitive decline was investigated, along with their neuroprotective mechanisms. Cognitive dysfunction was induced in mice with 1 mg/kg of scopolamine, followed by the administration of WPH at 100 and 200 mg/kg and/or treadmill exercise at 15 m/min for 30 min five days per week. Both WPH administration and treadmill exercise significantly improved the memory of mice with scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, which was attributed to several key mechanisms, including a reduction in oxidative stress based on decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in the brain tissue and an increase in acetylcholine by increasing choline acyltransferase and decreasing acetylcholine esterase levels. Exercise and WPH also exerted neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, enhancing the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and inhibiting apoptosis by reducing the Bax/Bcl2 ratio in conjunction with the downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Moreover, the impact of WPH and treadmill exercise extended to the gut microbiome, suggesting a potential link with cognitive improvement. These findings suggest that both WPH intake and treadmill exercise are effective strategies for mitigating cognitive impairment, providing promising avenues for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeok Boo Chang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jung
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
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7
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Tang D, Sun C, Yang J, Fan L, Wang Y. Advances in the Study of the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Its Association with Periodontitis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2203. [PMID: 38004343 PMCID: PMC10672606 DOI: 10.3390/life13112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become one of the leading causes of health problems in the elderly, and studying its causes and treatments remains a serious challenge for researchers worldwide. The two main pathological features of Alzheimer's disease are the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) to form senile plaques and the intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Researchers have proposed several hypotheses to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD, but due to the complexity of the pathophysiologic factors involved in the development of AD, no effective drugs have been found to stop the progression of the disease. Currently, the mainstay drugs used to treat AD can only alleviate the patient's symptoms and do not have a therapeutic effect. As researchers explore interactions among diseases, much evidence suggests that there is a close link between periodontitis and AD, and that periodontal pathogenic bacteria can exacerbate Aβ deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation through neuroinflammatory mechanisms, thereby advancing the pathogenesis of AD. This article reviews recent advances in the pathogenesis of AD, available therapeutic agents, the relevance of periodontitis to AD, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Chang Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Jumei Yang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Lili Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
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Atta AA, Ibrahim WW, Mohamed AF, Abdelkader NF. Targeting α7-nAChR by galantamine mitigates reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like symptoms in rats: Involvement of cAMP/PKA, PI3K/AKT, and M1/M2 microglia polarization. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 952:175810. [PMID: 37245858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a pain disorder marked by generalized musculoskeletal pain accompanied by depression, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. Galantamine (Gal) is a positive allosteric modulator of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase. The current study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of Gal against reserpine (Res)-induced FM-like condition along with investigating the α7-nAChR's role in Gal-mediated effects. Rats were injected with Res (1 mg/kg/day; sc) for 3 successive days then Gal (5 mg/kg/day; ip) was given alone and with the α7-nAChR blocker methyllycaconitine (3 mg/kg/day; ip), for the subsequent 5 days. Galantamine alleviated Res-induced histopathological changes and monoamines depletion in rats' spinal cord. It also exerted analgesic effect along with ameliorating Res-induced depression and motor-incoordination as confirmed by behavioral tests. Moreover, Gal produced anti-inflammatory effect through modulating AKT1/AKT2 and shifting M1/M2 macrophage polarization. The neuroprotective effects of Gal were mediated through activating cAMP/PKA and PI3K/AKT pathways in α7-nAChR-dependent manner. Thus, Gal can ameliorate Res-induced FM-like symptoms and mitigate the associated monoamines depletion, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration through α7-nAChR stimulation, with the involvement of cAMP/PKA, PI3K/AKT, and M1/M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahd A Atta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Weam W Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Luduvico KP, Spohr L, de Aguiar MSS, Teixeira FC, Bona NP, de Mello JE, Spanevello RM, Stefanello FM. LPS-induced impairment of Na +/K +-ATPase activity: ameliorative effect of tannic acid in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2133-2140. [PMID: 35759073 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter that modulates synaptic plasticity and communication, and it is essential for learning and memory processes. This neurotransmitter is hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which plays other cellular roles in processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Ion pumps, such as Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, are highly expressed channels that derive energy for their functions from ATP hydrolysis. Impairment of the cholinergic system and ion pumps is associated with neuropsychiatric diseases. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an example of a complex disease with high morbidity and a heterogenous etiology. Polyphenols have been investigated for their therapeutic effects, and tannic acid (TA) has been reported to show neuroprotective and antidepressant-like activities. Animal models of depression-like behavior, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced models of depression, are useful for investigating the pathophysiology of MDD. In this context, effects of TA were evaluated in an LPS-induced mouse model of depression-like behavior. Animals received TA for 7 days, and on the last day of treatment, LPS (830 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. In vitro exposure of healthy brain to TA decreased the AChE activity. Additionally, this enzyme activity was decreased in cerebral cortex of LPS-treated mice. LPS injection increased the activity of Ca2+-ATPase in the cerebral cortex but decreased the enzyme activity in the hippocampus. LPS administration decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum; however, TA administration prevented these changes. In conclusion, tannins may affect Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities, which is interesting in the context of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pereira Luduvico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Spohr
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Soares de Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Eisenhardt de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil.
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10
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Malfunction of astrocyte and cholinergic input is involved in postoperative impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Neuropharmacology 2022; 217:109191. [PMID: 35835213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) occurs in a few days after major surgery under general anesthesia and may cause serious health problems. However, effective intervention and treatment remain unavailable because the underlying mechanisms have far been elucidated. In the present study, we explored the role of the malfunctioned astrocytes in POD. Our results showed that mice with tibia fracture displayed spatial and temporal memory impairments, reduced LTP, and activated astrocytes in the hippocampus in early postoperative stage. Using electrophysiological and Ca2+ imaging techniques in hippocampal slices, we demonstrated the malfunctions of astrocytes in surgery mice: depolarized resting membrane potential, higher membrane conductance and capacitance, and attenuated Ca2+ elevation in response to external stimulation. The degraded calcium signaling in hippocampal astrocytes in surgery mice was restored by correcting the diminution of acetylcholine release with galantamine. Furthermore, pharmacologically blocking astrocyte activation with fluorocitrate and enhancing cholinergic inputs with galantamine normalized hippocampal LTP in surgery mice. Finally, inhibition of astrocyte activation with fluorocitrate in the hippocampus improved cognitive function in surgery mice. Therefore, the prevention of astrocyte activation may be a valuable strategy for the intervention of cognitive dysfunction in POD, and acetylcholine receptors may be valid drug targets for this purpose.
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Tanase S, Mamiya T, Nagata S, Ikawa Y, Tang YP, Hiramatsu M, Nabeshima T. Effects of galantamine on social interaction impairments in cholecystokinin receptor-2 overexpression mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:364-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Xu H, Garcia-Ptacek S, Jönsson L, Wimo A, Nordström P, Eriksdotter M. Long-term Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Cognitive Decline and Mortality. Neurology 2021; 96:e2220-e2230. [PMID: 33741639 PMCID: PMC8166426 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are associated with slower cognitive decline in Alzheimer dementia and decreased risk of severe dementia or death. Methods Patients with Alzheimer dementia from the Swedish Dementia Registry starting on ChEIs within 3 months of the dementia diagnosis were included and compared to nontreated patients with Alzheimer dementia. In a propensity score–matched cohort, the association between ChEI use and cognitive trajectories assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores was examined with a mixed model, and severe dementia (MMSE score <10) or death as an outcome was assessed with Cox proportional hazards models. Results The matched cohort included 11,652 ChEI users and 5,826 nonusers. During an average of 5 years of follow-up, 255 cases developed severe dementia, and 6,055 (35%) died. ChEI use was associated with higher MMSE score at each visit (0.13 MMSE points per year; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–0.20). ChEI users had a 27% lower risk of death (0.73, 95% CI 0.69–0.77) compared with nonusers. Galantamine was associated with lower risk of death (0.71, 95% CI 0.65–0.76) and lower risk of severe dementia (0.69, 95% CI 0.47–1.00) and had the strongest effect on cognitive decline of all the ChEIs (0.18 MMSE points per year, 95% CI 0.07–0.28). Conclusions ChEIs are associated with cognitive benefits that are modest but persist over time and with reduced mortality risk, which could be explained partly by their cognitive effects. Galantamine was the only ChEI demonstrating a significant reduction in the risk of developing severe dementia. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with Alzheimer dementia ChEIs decrease long-term cognitive decline and risk of death and that galantamine decreases the risk of severe dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., S.G.-P., M.E.), Division of Neurogeriatrics (L.J., A.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (H.X.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Internal Medicine (S.G.-P.), Neurology Section, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; H. Lundbeck A/S (L.J.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation (P.N.), Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University; and Theme Aging (S.G.-P., M.A.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sara Garcia-Ptacek
- From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., S.G.-P., M.E.), Division of Neurogeriatrics (L.J., A.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (H.X.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Internal Medicine (S.G.-P.), Neurology Section, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; H. Lundbeck A/S (L.J.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation (P.N.), Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University; and Theme Aging (S.G.-P., M.A.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linus Jönsson
- From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., S.G.-P., M.E.), Division of Neurogeriatrics (L.J., A.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (H.X.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Internal Medicine (S.G.-P.), Neurology Section, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; H. Lundbeck A/S (L.J.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation (P.N.), Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University; and Theme Aging (S.G.-P., M.A.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Wimo
- From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., S.G.-P., M.E.), Division of Neurogeriatrics (L.J., A.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (H.X.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Internal Medicine (S.G.-P.), Neurology Section, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; H. Lundbeck A/S (L.J.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation (P.N.), Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University; and Theme Aging (S.G.-P., M.A.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nordström
- From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., S.G.-P., M.E.), Division of Neurogeriatrics (L.J., A.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (H.X.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Internal Medicine (S.G.-P.), Neurology Section, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; H. Lundbeck A/S (L.J.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation (P.N.), Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University; and Theme Aging (S.G.-P., M.A.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- From the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., S.G.-P., M.E.), Division of Neurogeriatrics (L.J., A.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (H.X.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Internal Medicine (S.G.-P.), Neurology Section, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; H. Lundbeck A/S (L.J.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation (P.N.), Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University; and Theme Aging (S.G.-P., M.A.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Kong CK, Low LE, Siew WS, Yap WH, Khaw KY, Ming LC, Mocan A, Goh BH, Goh PH. Biological Activities of Snowdrop (Galanthus spp., Family Amaryllidaceae). Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:552453. [PMID: 33679383 PMCID: PMC7933568 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.552453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Snowdrop is an iconic early spring flowering plant of the genus Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae). Galanthus species (Galanthus spp.) are economically important plants as ornaments. Galanthus spp has gained significance scientific and commercial interest due to the discovery of Galanthamine as symptomatic treatment drug for Alzhiermer disease. This review aims to discuss the bioactivities of Galanthus spp including anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer potential of the extracts and chemical constituents of Galanthus spp. This review highlights that Galanthus spp. as the exciting sources for drug discovery and nutraceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Kei Kong
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liang Ee Low
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sheng Siew
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Kooi-Yeong Khaw
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Poh Hui Goh
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
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14
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Fitzgerald PJ, Hale PJ, Ghimire A, Watson BO. Repurposing Cholinesterase Inhibitors as Antidepressants? Dose and Stress-Sensitivity May Be Critical to Opening Possibilities. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:620119. [PMID: 33519395 PMCID: PMC7840590 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.620119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When stress becomes chronic it can trigger lasting brain and behavioral changes including Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). There is conflicting evidence regarding whether acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) may have antidepressant properties. In a recent publication, we demonstrated a strong dose-dependency of the effect of AChEIs on antidepressant-related behavior in the mouse forced swim test: whereas the AChEI donepezil indeed promotes depression-like behavior at a high dose, it has antidepressant-like properties at lower doses in the same experiment. Our data therefore suggest a Janus-faced dose-response curve for donepezil in depression-related behavior. In this review, we investigate the mood-related properties of AChEIs in greater detail, focusing on both human and rodent studies. In fact, while there have been many studies showing pro-depressant activity by AChEIs and this is a major concept in the field, a variety of other studies in both humans and rodents show antidepressant effects. Our study was one of the first to systematically vary dose to include very low concentrations while measuring behavioral effects, potentially explaining the apparent disparate findings in the field. The possibility of antidepressant roles for AChEIs in rodents may provide hope for new depression treatments. Importantly, MDD is a psychosocial stress-linked disorder, and in rodents, stress is a major experimental manipulation for studying depression mechanisms, so an important future direction will be to determine the extent to which these depression-related effects are stress-sensitive. In sum, gaining a greater understanding of the potentially therapeutic mood-related effects of low dose AChEIs, both in rodent models and in human subjects, should be a prioritized topic in ongoing translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pho J Hale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anjesh Ghimire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brendon O Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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15
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Ibrakaw AS, Omoruyi SI, Ekpo OE, Hussein AA. Neuroprotective Activities of Boophone haemanthoides (Amaryllidaceae) Extract and Its Chemical Constituents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225376. [PMID: 33212961 PMCID: PMC7698425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition that progresses as age increases, and some of its major symptoms include tremor and postural and movement-related difficulties. To date, the treatment of PD remains a challenge because available drugs only treat the symptoms of the disease or possess serious side effects. In light of this, new treatment options are needed; hence, this study investigates the neuroprotective effects of an organic Boophone haemanthoides extract (BHE) and its bioactive compounds using an in vitro model of PD involving the toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. A total of seven compounds were isolated from BHE, viz distichamine (1), 1α,3α-diacetylnerbowdine (2), hippadine (3), stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione (4), cholest-4-en-3-one (5), tyrosol (6), and 3-hydroxy-1-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone (7). Six compounds (1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7) were investigated, and five showed neuroprotection alongside the BHE. This study gives insight into the bioactivity of the non-alkaloidal constituents of Amaryllidaceae, since the isolated compounds and the BHE showed improved cell viability, increased ATP generation in the cells as well as inhibition of MPP+-induced apoptosis. Together, these findings support the claim that the Amaryllidaceae plant family could be a potential reserve of bioactive compounds for the discovery of neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abobaker S. Ibrakaw
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Sylvester I. Omoruyi
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Okobi E. Ekpo
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-959-6193; Fax: +27-21-959-3055
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16
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Vitorović-Todorović M, Cvijetić I, Zloh M, Perdih A. Molecular recognition of acetylcholinesterase and its subnanomolar reversible inhibitor: a molecular simulations study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1671-1691. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1831960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilija Cvijetić
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mire Zloh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Business Academy, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Nanopuzzle Medicines Design Ltd, Stevenage, UK
| | - Andrej Perdih
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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17
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Mamiya T, Tanase S, Takeuchi S, Kato S, Ito A, Hiramatsu M, Nabeshima T. Galantamine improves enhanced impulsivity, impairments of attention and long-term potentiation induced by prenatal nicotine exposure to mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114139. [PMID: 32652142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) causes behavioral abnormalities in offspring, such as an enhancement of impulsivity and decrease in attention at adolescence. Here we examined the effects of galantamine (GAL) on the behavioral and electrophysiological changes induced by PNE in mice. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed to nicotine (0.2 mg/mL) dissolved in sweetened (2% saccharin) drinking water during gestational day 14 and perinatal day 0 (P0). At the ages of postnatal days 42-49 (P42-P49), female offspring displayed impulsivity in the cliff avoidance test and impairment of visual attention in the object-based attention test. Decrease of long-term potentiation (LTP) and extracellular glutamate levels were observed in the prefrontal cortex of PNE mice. Systemic treatment with GAL (1 mg/kg, s.c.), an allosteric potentiating ligand for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and a weak cholinesterase inhibitor, attenuated the enhancement of impulsivity and impairment of attention induced by PNE in mice. Further, GAL reversed the impairment of LTP induced by PNE in the prefrontal cortex of mice, although it failed to attenuate the decrease of extracellular glutamate levels. The effects of GAL were blocked by an α 7 nAChR antagonist, methyllycaconitine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). These results suggest that PNE during cortex development affects nicotinic cholinergic-dependent plasticity and formation of impulsivity and attention. Furthermore, GAL could be a useful drug for cognitive impairments-related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Mamiya
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Shota Tanase
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shino Takeuchi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kato
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ai Ito
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hiramatsu
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan
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18
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Stone TW. Does kynurenic acid act on nicotinic receptors? An assessment of the evidence. J Neurochem 2020; 152:627-649. [PMID: 31693759 PMCID: PMC7078985 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a major metabolite of kynurenine in the oxidative metabolism of tryptophan, kynurenic acid is of considerable biological and clinical importance as an endogenous antagonist of glutamate in the central nervous system. It is most active as an antagonist at receptors sensitive to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) which regulate neuronal excitability and plasticity, brain development and behaviour. It is also thought to play a causative role in hypo-glutamatergic conditions such as schizophrenia, and a protective role in several neurodegenerative disorders, notably Huntington's disease. An additional hypothesis, that kynurenic acid could block nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine in the central nervous system has been proposed as an alternative mechanism of action of kynurenate. However, the evidence for this alternative mechanism is highly controversial, partly because at least eight earlier studies concluded that kynurenic acid blocked NMDA receptors but not nicotinic receptors and five subsequent, independent studies designed to repeat the results have failed to do so. Many studies considered to support the alternative 'nicotinic' hypothesis have been based on the use of analogs of kynurenate such as 7-chloro-kynurenic acid, or putatively nicotinic modulators such as galantamine, but a detailed analysis of the pharmacology of these compounds suggests that the results have often been misinterpreted, especially since the pharmacology of galantamine itself has been disputed. This review examines the evidence in detail, with the conclusion that there is no confirmed, reliable evidence for an antagonist activity of kynurenic acid at nicotinic receptors. Therefore, since there is overwhelming evidence for kynurenate acting at ionotropic glutamate receptors, especially NMDAR glutamate and glycine sites, with some activity at GPR35 sites and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors, results with kynurenic acid should be interpreted only in terms of these confirmed sites of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Stone
- Institute for Neuroscience and PsychologyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
- Present address:
Kennedy InstituteNDORMSUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7FYUK
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Secnik J, Schwertner E, Alvarsson M, Hammar N, Fastbom J, Winblad B, Garcia-Ptacek S, Religa D, Eriksdotter M. Cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with diabetes mellitus and dementia: an open-cohort study of ~23 000 patients from the Swedish Dementia Registry. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000833. [PMID: 31958305 PMCID: PMC7039592 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine are the only approved pharmacological treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent literature suggests reductions in cardiovascular burden and risk of stroke in ChEI users. However, the clinical effectiveness of these drugs in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia has not been evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a registry-based open-cohort study of 22 660 patients diagnosed with AD and mixed-pathology dementia registered in the Swedish Dementia Registry until December 2015. Information on drug use, comorbidity and mortality was extracted using the linkage with the National Patient Registry, the Prescribed Drug Registry and the Cause of Death Registry. In total, 3176 (14%) patients with DM and 19 484 patients without DM were identified. Propensity-score matching, Cox-regression and competing-risk regression models were applied to produce HRs with 95% CIs for differences in all-cause, cardiovascular and diabetes-related mortality rates in ChEI users and non-users. RESULTS After matching the ChEI use in patients with DM was associated with 24% all-cause mortality reduction (HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.86)), compared with 20% reduction (0.80 (0.75 to 0.84)) in non-DM users. Donepezil and galantamine use were associated with a reduced mortality in both patients with DM (0.84 (0.74 to 0.96); 0.80 (0.66 to 0.97)) and patients without DM (0.85 (0.80 to 0.90); 0.93 (0.86 to 0.99)). Donepezil was further associated with reduction in cardiovascular mortality, however only in patients without DM (0.84 (0.75 to 0.94)). Rivastigmine lowered mortality only in the whole-cohort analysis and in patients without DM (0.82 (0.75 to 0.89)). Moreover, ChEI use was associated with 48% reduction in diabetes-related mortality (HR 0.52 (0.32 to 0.87)) in the whole-cohort analysis. Last, low and high doses were associated with similar benefit. CONCLUSIONS We found reductions in mortality in patients with DM and AD or mixed-pathology dementia treated with ChEIs, specifically donepezil and galantamine were associated with largest benefit. Future studies should evaluate whether ChEIs help maintain self-management of diabetes in patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Secnik
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emilia Schwertner
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Alvarsson
- Growth and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hammar
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Fastbom
- Aging Research Center, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sara Garcia-Ptacek
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
- Section for Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Södersjukhuset - Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorota Religa
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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20
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Mahdavi NS, Talebi A, Minaiyan M. Ameliorative effect of galantamine on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Res Pharm Sci 2019; 14:391-399. [PMID: 31798655 PMCID: PMC6827195 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.268199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galantamine (GAL) is a drug for treating Alzheimer’s disease which has reasonable and no significant side effects. Studies have shown that GAL possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholinomimetic effects that might be beneficial for inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of GAL on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. GAL at 0.25, 1.25, 2.5 mg/kg/day was administrated orally (p.o.) to different groups of male Wistar rats 2 h before induction of ulcer with acetic acid 3% and continued for 5 consecutive days. Dicyclomine (DIC) was similarly used alone (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or together with GAL at doses already mentioned to delineate the impact of muscarinic pathway in probable beneficial effects of GAL on colitis. Control and reference groups received distilled water (5 mL/kg, p.o.), prednisolone (4 mg/kg/day, p.o.), or mesalazine (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) respectively. At day 6, tissue injuries were assessed for macroscopic, histopathologic, and biochemical indices of myeloperoxidase and MPO activity. Results showed that GAL at 3 applied doses, alone or in combination with DIC diminished ulcer index, total colitis index, and MPO activity as important biomarkers of colitis. DIC alone was not effective on most parameters and its concurrent administration with GAL couldn’t reverse its antiulcerative effects. Prednisolone and mesalazine were both effective in this relation. The current research indicated that GAL had anti-inflammatory and antiulcerative activities independent of its muscarinic effects. Thus the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may account for its anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerative properties. Nevertheless, further detailed studies are warranted for exact elucidation of GAL mechanism on inflammation and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar-Sadat Mahdavi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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21
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Bozkurt B, Kaya GI, Somer NU. Chemical Composition and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Turkish Pancratium maritimum Bulbs. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19872905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the bulbs of Pancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey (Pamucak, Aydın) has been determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 29 compounds belonging to different skeletal types of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids were identified. Lycorine, galanthamine, crinine, and pancracine were found as major constituents. Interestingly, indole alkaloids (1-acetyl-β -carboline and galanthindole) were also detected. Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity potentials of the alkaloidal extract were also determined. The results of the present study show that Turkish P. maritimum comprises a rich repository for bioactive alkaloids with intriguing structural diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Bozkurt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulen I. Kaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nehir U. Somer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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22
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Bajgar J, Kassa J, Kucera T, Musilek K, Jun D, Kuca K. Some Possibilities to Study New Prophylactics against Nerve Agents. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:970-979. [PMID: 30827238 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190301112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nerve agents belong to the most dangerous chemical warfare agents and can be/were misused by terrorists. Effective prophylaxis and treatment is necessary to diminish their effect. General principles of prophylaxis are summarized (protection against acetylcholinesterase inhibition, detoxification, treatment "in advance" and use of different drugs). They are based on the knowledge of mechanism of action of nerve agents. Among different examinations, it is necessary to test prophylactic effectivity in vivo and compare the results with protection in vitro. Chemical and biological approaches to the development of new prophylactics would be applied simultaneously during this research. Though the number of possible prophylactics is relatively high, the only four drugs were introduced into military medical practice. At present, pyridostigmine seems to be common prophylactic antidote; prophylactics panpal (tablets with pyridostigmine, trihexyphenidyl and benactyzine), transant (transdermal patch containing HI-6) are other means introduced into different armies as prophylactics. Scavenger commercionally available is Protexia®. Future development will be focused on scavengers, and on other drugs either reversible cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., huperzine A, gallantamine, physostigmine, acridine derivatives) or other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bajgar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - J Kassa
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - T Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - K Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - D Jun
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - K Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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23
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Sunena, Singh SK, Mishra DN. Nose to Brain Delivery of Galantamine Loaded Nanoparticles: In-vivo Pharmacodynamic and Biochemical Study in Mice. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:51-58. [PMID: 30289074 DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666181004094707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presence of blood brain barrier is one of the major hurdle in drug delivery to brain for the treatment of neurological diseases. Alternative and more effective drug delivery approaches have been investigated for the drug targeting to brain in therapeutic range. OBJECTIVE The present investigation was carried out to improve the galantamine bioavailability in brain by intranasal drug delivery through thiolated chitosan nanoparticles and compared to nasal and oral delivery of its solution using pharmacodynamic activity as well as biochemical estimation. METHODS Thiolated chitosan (modified) nanoparticles were fabricated using modified ionic gelation method and intranasal delivery is evaluated by reversal of scopolamine induced amnesia and biochemical estimation of acetylcholinesterase activity in Swiss albino mice brain. Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce amnesia. Piracetam (400mg/kg, i.p.) was used as positive control. Mice were treated with galantamine solution (4mg/kg) by oral and nasal route and formulated galantamine nanoparticles (equivalent to 4mg/kg) by intranasal administration for 7 successive days and the results were compared statistically. RESULTS Intranasal delivery of galantamine loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles was found significant (p<0.05) as compared to oral and nasal administration of its solution, by pharmacodynamic study and biochemical estimation of acetylcholinesterase activity in Swiss albino mice brain. CONCLUSION Significant recovery in amnesia induced mice model by intranasal administration of galantamine loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles established the relevance of nose to brain delivery over the conventional oral therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Dina Nath Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
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24
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Kowal NM, Ahring PK, Liao VWY, Indurti DC, Harvey BS, O'Connor SM, Chebib M, Olafsdottir ES, Balle T. Galantamine is not a positive allosteric modulator of human α4β2 or α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2911-2925. [PMID: 29669164 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The alkaloid galantamine was originally isolated from the green snowdrop Galanthus woronowii and is currently marketed as a drug for treatment of mild to moderate dementia in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In addition to a well-documented proficiency to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, galantamine has been reported to increase neuronal nicotinic ACh (nACh) receptor function by acting as a positive allosteric modulator. Yet there remains controversy regarding these findings in the literature. To resolve this conundrum, we evaluated galantamine actions at α4β2 and α7, which represent the nACh receptors most commonly associated with mammalian cognitive domains. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH α4β2 [in (α4)3 (β2)2 and (α4)2 (β2)3 stoichiometries] and α7 nACh receptors were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and subjected to two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiological experiments. Galantamine (10 nM to 100 μM) was evaluated for direct agonist effects and for positive modulation by co-application with sub-maximally efficacious concentrations of ACh. In addition, similar experiments were performed with α7 nACh receptors stably expressed in HEK293 cells using patch-clamp electrophysiology. KEY RESULTS In concentrations ranging from 10 nM to 1 μM, galantamine did not display direct agonism nor positive modulatory effects at any receptor combination tested. At concentrations from 10 μM and above, galantamine inhibited the activity with a mechanism of action consistent with open-channel pore blockade at all receptor types. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Based on our data, we conclude that galantamine is not a positive allosteric modulator of α7 or α4β2 receptors, which represent the majority of nACh receptors in mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Kowal
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, IS-107, Iceland
| | - Philip K Ahring
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Vivian W Y Liao
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dinesh C Indurti
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | | | - Mary Chebib
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elin S Olafsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, IS-107, Iceland
| | - Thomas Balle
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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25
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Fabini E, Tramarin A, Bartolini M. Combination of human acetylcholinesterase and serum albumin sensing surfaces as highly informative analytical tool for inhibitor screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:177-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Discovery of novel dual acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with antifibrillogenic activity related to Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1037-1053. [PMID: 29676170 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and neurodegenerative disorder of the CNS, affecting elderly people. The current pharmacological approach is based on the improvement of cholinergic neurotransmission by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with AChE inhibitors. The disease is also characterized by the accelerated accumulation of β-amyloid plaques around neurons. Furthermore, in vitro studies revealed that AChE can induce β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregation. METHODOLOGY Computer-aided molecular design by virtual screening was here employed to discover novel potential AChE inhibitors, with antifibrillogenic properties, in other words, inhibiting Aβ aggregation. RESULTS Compounds 1, 4 and 6 showed interesting AChE inhibition. In addition, they particularly inhibit Aβ aggregation in vitro, indicating to be promising novel anti-Alzheimer agents.
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27
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Hulcová D, Breiterová K, Siatka T, Klímová K, Davani L, Šafratová M, Hošťálková A, De Simone A, Andrisano V, Cahlíková L. Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids as Potential Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040719. [PMID: 29561817 PMCID: PMC6017564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase that was originally identified as an enzyme involved in the control of glycogen metabolism. It plays a key role in diverse physiological processes including metabolism, the cell cycle, and gene expression by regulating a wide variety of well-known substances like glycogen synthase, tau-protein, and β-catenin. Recent studies have identified GSK-3β as a potential therapeutic target in Alzheimer´s disease, bipolar disorder, stroke, more than 15 types of cancer, and diabetes. GSK-3β is one of the most attractive targets for medicinal chemists in the discovery, design, and synthesis of new selective potent inhibitors. In the current study, twenty-eight Amaryllidaceae alkaloids of various structural types were studied for their potency to inhibit GSK-3β. Promising results have been demonstrated by alkaloids of the homolycorine-{9-O-demethylhomolycorine (IC50 = 30.00 ± 0.71 µM), masonine (IC50 = 27.81 ± 0.01 μM)}, and lycorine-types {caranine (IC50 = 30.75 ± 0.04 μM)}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hulcová
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Breiterová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Siatka
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamila Klímová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lara Davani
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Marcela Šafratová
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Hošťálková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Lucie Cahlíková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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28
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Fernandes SS, Koth AP, Parfitt GM, Cordeiro MF, Peixoto CS, Soubhia A, Moreira FP, Wiener CD, Oses JP, Kaszubowski E, Barros DM. Enhanced cholinergic-tone during the stress induce a depressive-like state in mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:17-25. [PMID: 29501509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder has a heterogeneous etiology, since it arises from the interaction of multiple factors and different pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in the symptomatology. This study aimed to investigate the role of the cholinergic system in the susceptibility to stress and, consequently, in the depression-like behavior. C57BL/6 mice were treated with Physostigmine (PHYS), an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and were submitted to the social defeat stress. For the behavioral evaluation of the locomotor activity, anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors the open field, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference, social interaction and forced swim were used. Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex samples were collected for evaluation of AChE activity, as well as blood samples for analysis of serum cortisol levels. Our results showed that 15 min after the injection of PHYS there was a significant inhibition of AChE activity in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, in the end of the experimental design, day 12, there was no difference in AChE activity levels. Inhibition of AChE and exposure to the stress led to an increase in cortisol levels. Animals that received PHYS and were exposed to stress showed less social interaction and greater learned helplessness, anhedonia and anxious-like behavior. Taken together, our findings suggest that increasing the cholinergic tone shortly before stress induction impacts on the ability to cope with upcoming stressful situations, leading to a depressive-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Fernandes
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - André P Koth
- Post-Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Parfitt
- Post-Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos F Cordeiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Peixoto
- Post-Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Andréa Soubhia
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Moreira
- Translational Science on Brain Disorders, Clinical Neuroscience Lab., Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina D Wiener
- Post-Graduation Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean P Oses
- Translational Science on Brain Disorders, Clinical Neuroscience Lab., Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Erikson Kaszubowski
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela M Barros
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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29
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Nakayama S, Suda A, Nakanishi A, Motoi Y, Hattori N. Galantamine Response Associates with Agitation and the Prefrontal Cortex in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:267-273. [PMID: 28222509 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) occur in up to 80% of AD patients and represent one of the largest factors contributing to caregiver burden. To analyze the effect of galantamine on BPSD and caregiver burden, we treated a total of 50 patients with mild AD for 12 weeks and evaluated them using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI). We also performed regional cerebral blood flow single photon emission computed tomography (rCBF SPECT) at baseline using three-dimensional sterotatic surface projections. Total NPI and ZBI scores did not significantly change after 12-week galantamine treatment. To identify the characteristics of patients who showed improvement after galantamine treatment, we divided patients into two groups, those with and those without sub-items on the NPI. Patients with aggression showed improvement in ZBI scores (p < 0.05). A comparison of rCBF SPECT between these two groups indicated that patients with aggression exhibited increased rCBF in the right prefrontal cortex compared with those without aggression. In a patient with aggression, 20-month treatment with galantamine inhibited increases in the rCBF area in the right prefrontal lobe. These results suggest that galantamine response may be related to aggression and dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Nakayama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Suda
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakanishi
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Motoi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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In Vitro Evaluation of Serine Hydrolase Inhibitors. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/7653_2018_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Elufioye TO, Berida TI, Habtemariam S. Plants-Derived Neuroprotective Agents: Cutting the Cycle of Cell Death through Multiple Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:3574012. [PMID: 28904554 PMCID: PMC5585568 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3574012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotection is the preservation of the structure and function of neurons from insults arising from cellular injuries induced by a variety of agents or neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The various NDs including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases as well as amyotropic lateral sclerosis affect millions of people around the world with the main risk factor being advancing age. Each of these diseases affects specific neurons and/or regions in the brain and involves characteristic pathological and molecular features. Hence, several in vitro and in vivo study models specific to each disease have been employed to study NDs with the aim of understanding their underlying mechanisms and identifying new therapeutic strategies. Of the most prevalent drug development efforts employed in the past few decades, mechanisms implicated in the accumulation of protein-based deposits, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and certain neurotransmitter deficits such as acetylcholine and dopamine have been scrutinized in great detail. In this review, we presented classical examples of plant-derived neuroprotective agents by highlighting their structural class and specific mechanisms of action. Many of these natural products that have shown therapeutic efficacies appear to be working through the above-mentioned key multiple mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomayo Ireti Berida
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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32
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Wu Z, Chen X, Ma T. Galantamine alleviates senescence of U87 cells induced by beta-amyloid through decreasing ROS production. Neurosci Lett 2017; 653:183-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Ekins S, Mathews P, Saito EK, Diaz N, Naylor D, Chung J, McMurtray AM. α7-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor inhibition by indinavir: implications for cognitive dysfunction in treated HIV disease. AIDS 2017; 31:1083-1089. [PMID: 28358738 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study set out to determine if the HIV protease inhibitor, indinavir, alters responsiveness of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to acetylcholine. DESIGN Treatment with HAART has dramatically reduced development of HIV-associated dementia and more severe forms of cognitive impairment. However, many individuals continue to experience cognitive decline of uncertain cause. Previous studies have failed to demonstrate significant alterations of functional brain connectivity, structural brain changes, or changes in cerebral blood flow sufficient to explain cognitive decline in virally suppressed individuals. This suggests that the mechanisms underlying development and progression of cognitive problems likely occurs at a micro rather than macro level, such as disruptions in neurotransmitter system signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Indinavir's effects on α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity was tested using a ScreenPatch IonWorks Barracuda-based assay in a mammalian cell model. RESULTS At low concentrations (0.0003-10 μmol/l) indinavir acts as a positive allosteric modulator (EC50 = 0.021 μmol/l), whereas at concentrations greater than 10 μmol/l (30-100 μmol/l) indinavir acts as an inhibitor of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. CONCLUSION At concentrations greater than 10 μmol/l indinavir reduces synaptic transmission in the acetylcholine neurotransmitter system, which could possibly contribute to cognitive dysfunction. These results suggest that further experiments should be considered to assess whether patients might benefit from treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors that counteract the effects of indinavir.
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34
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Kim JK, Park SU. Pharmacological aspects of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:35-39. [PMID: 28337117 PMCID: PMC5318685 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
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35
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Babashpour-Asl M, Zakizadeh H, Nazemiyeh H, Motallebi-Azar A. In Vitro Micropropagation and Alkaloid Production of Galanthus transcaucasicus Fomin. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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36
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Matsuda T. Psychopharmacological Studies in Mice. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:737-50. [PMID: 27150930 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since 1998, when the laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology was established in the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, I have been interested in psychopharmacological research topics. During this period, we identified a number of novel regulatory mechanisms that control the prefrontal dopamine system through functional interaction between serotonin1A and dopamine D2 receptors or between serotonin1A and σ1 receptors. Our findings suggest that strategies that enhance the prefrontal dopamine system may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We also found that environmental factors during development strongly impact the psychological state in adulthood. Furthermore, we clarified the pharmacological profiles of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine, providing novel insights into their mechanisms of action. Finally, we developed the female encounter test, a novel method for evaluating motivation in mice. This simple method should help advance future psychopharmacological research. In this review, we summarize the major findings obtained from our recent studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Matsuda
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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Zheng W, Xiang YQ, Ungvari GS, Chiu FKH, H Ng C, Wang Y, Xiang YT. Huperzine A for treatment of cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2016; 28:64-71. [PMID: 27605862 PMCID: PMC5004090 DOI: 10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.216003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have been shown to be effective in treating cognitive impairment in animal models and in human subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD). Huperzine A (HupA), a Traditional Chinese Medicine derived from a genus of clubmosses known as Huperzineserrata, is a powerful AChE inhibitor that has been used as an adjunctive treatment for MDD, but no meta-analysis on HupA augmentation for MDD has yet been reported. AIM Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTS) about HupA augmentation in the treatment of MDD to evaluate its efficacy and safety. METHODS Two evaluators independently searched nine English-language and Chinese-language databases, selected relevant studies that met pre-determined inclusion criteria, extracted data about outcome and safety, and conducted quality assessments and data synthesis. RESULTS Three low-quality RCTs (pooled n=238) from China were identified that compared monotherapy antidepressant treatment for depression versus combined treatment with antidepressants and HupA. Participants in the studies ranged from 16 to 60 years of age. The average duration of adjunctive antidepressant and HupA treatment in the studies was only 6.7 weeks. All three studies were open label and non-blinded, so their overall quality was judged as poor. Meta-analysis of the pooled sample found no significant difference in the improvement in depressive symptoms between the two groups (weighted mean difference: -1.90 (95%CI: -4.23, 0.44), p=0.11). However, the adjunctive HupA group did have significantly greater improvement than the antidepressant only group in cognitive functioning (as assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised) and in quality of life. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between groups. CONCLUSIONS The data available on the effectiveness and safety of adjunctive treatment using HupA in patients with MDD who are receiving antidepressants is insufficient to arrive at a definitive conclusion about its efficacy and safety. Pooling of the data from three low-quality RCTs from China found no advantage of adjunctive HupA in the treatment of depressive symptoms, but adjunctive treatment with HupA was associated with a faster resolution of the cognitive symptoms that frequently accompany MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Xiang
- China Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China, and Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China ; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia ; University of Notre Dame Australia / Marian Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - F K Helen Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Hall S, Desbrow B, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Davey AK, Arora D, McDermott C, Schubert MM, Perkins AV, Kiefel MJ, Grant GD. A review of the bioactivity of coffee, caffeine and key coffee constituents on inflammatory responses linked to depression. Food Res Int 2015; 76:626-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Uddin MN, Afrin R, Uddin MJ, Uddin MJ, Alam AHMK, Rahman AA, Sadik G. Vanda roxburghii chloroform extract as a potential source of polyphenols with antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities: identification of a strong phenolic antioxidant. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:195. [PMID: 26100408 PMCID: PMC4477535 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressively developing neurodegenerative disorder of the brain in the elderly people. Vanda roxburghii Rbr. root has been used traditionally in Bangladesh as tonic to brain and in the treatment of nervous system disorders including AD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the cholinesterase inhibitory activities and antioxidant properties of the extracts from V. roxburghii. METHODS The crude methanol extract from the roots of plant was sequentially fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and water to yield their corresponding extracts. The extracts were assessed for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity by modified Ellman method and antioxidant property by several assays including ferric reducing antioxidant power, scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and hydroxyl radical, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Endogenous substances in the extracts were analyzed by the standard phytochemical methods and active compound was isolated by the chromatographic methods. RESULTS Chloroform extract was shown to demonstrate strong ferric-reducing antioxidant power and scavenging activity against DPPH and hydroxyl free radicals when compared with the other extracts and the reference standard catechin. The antioxidant effect was further verified by inhibition of lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. Likewise, the chloroform extract exhibited the highest inhibition against both the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes with IC50 values of 221.13 and 82.51 μg/ml, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed a large amount of phenolics and flavonoids in the chloroform extract. Bioactivity guided separation techniques led to the isolation of a strong antioxidant from the chloroform extract and its structure was determined as gigantol on the basis of spectral studies. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the chloroform extract of V. roxburghii, possibly due to its phenolic compounds, exert potential antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities, which may be useful in the treatment of AD.
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Perkins AE, Fadel JR, Kelly SJ. The effects of postnatal alcohol exposure and galantamine on the context pre-exposure facilitation effect and acetylcholine efflux using in vivo microdialysis. Alcohol 2015; 49:193-205. [PMID: 25837482 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are characterized by damage to multiple brain regions, including the hippocampus, which is involved in learning and memory. The acetylcholine neurotransmitter system provides major input to the hippocampus and is a possible target of developmental alcohol exposure. Alcohol (3.0 g/kg/day) was administered via intubation to male rat pups (postnatal day [PD] 2-10; ethanol-treated [ET]). Controls received a sham intubation (IC) or no treatment (NC). Acetylcholine efflux was measured using in vivo microdialysis (PD 32-35). ET animals were not different at baseline, but had decreased K(+)/Ca(2+)-induced acetylcholine efflux compared to NC animals and an enhanced acetylcholine response to galantamine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; 2.0 mg/kg) compared to both control groups. A separate cohort of animals was tested in the context pre-exposure facilitation effect task (CPFE; PD 30-32) following postnatal alcohol exposure and administration of galantamine (2.0 mg/kg; PD 11-30). Neither chronic galantamine nor postnatal alcohol exposure influenced performance in the CPFE task. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that neither alcohol exposure nor behavioral testing significantly altered the density of vesicular acetylcholine transporter or alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the ventral hippocampus (CA1). In the medial septum, the average number of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT+) cells was increased in ET animals that displayed the context-shock association; there were no changes in IC and NC animals that learned the context-shock association or in any animals that were in the control task that entailed no learning. Taken together, these results indicate that the hippocampal acetylcholine system is significantly disrupted under conditions of pharmacological manipulations (e.g., galantamine) in alcohol-exposed animals. Furthermore, ChAT was up‑regulated in ET animals that learned the CPFE, which may account for their ability to perform this task. In sum, developmental alcohol exposure may disrupt learning and memory in adolescence via a cholinergic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Perkins
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton St., Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jim R Fadel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sandra J Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton St., Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Interaction between anti-Alzheimer and antipsychotic drugs in modulating extrapyramidal motor disorders in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:439-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Solé B, Jiménez E, Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E. Cognition as a target in major depression: new developments. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:231-47. [PMID: 25640673 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling psychiatric illness often accompanied of cognitive dysfunction which may persist even when patients achieve clinical remission. Currently, cognitive deficits emerge as a potential target because they compromise the functional outcome of depressed patients. The aim of this study was to review data for several potential pharmacological treatments targeting cognition in MDD, resulting from monotherapy or adjunctive treatment. An extensive and systematic Pubmed/Medline search of the published literature until March 2014 was conducted using a variety of search term to find relevant articles. Bibliographies of retrieved papers were further examined for publications of interest. Searches were limited to articles available in English language. We describe studies using modafinil, lisdexamfetamine, ketamine, lanicemine, memantine, galantamine, donepezil, vortioxetine, intranasal oxytocin, omega-3, s-adenosyl-methionine, scopolamine and erythropoietin. From these articles, we determined that there are a number of promising new therapies, pharmacological agents or complementary medicines, but data are just emerging. Drugs and therapies targeting cognitive dysfunction in MDD should prove effective in improving specific cognitive domains and functioning, while ruling out pseudospecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Solé
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Jiménez
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anabel Martinez-Aran
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Shimizu S, Kanetaka H, Hirose D, Sakurai H, Hanyu H. Differential effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on clinical responses and cerebral blood flow changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a 12-month, randomized, and open-label trial. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2015; 5:135-46. [PMID: 25999980 PMCID: PMC4439833 DOI: 10.1159/000375527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The present study evaluated the differences in treatment outcomes and brain perfusion changes among 3 types of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs, i.e. donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine). METHODS This was a prospective, longitudinal, randomized, open-label, 3-arm (donepezil, rivastigmine, or galantamine), parallel-group, 12-month clinical trial carried out in 55 patients with AD. RESULTS At 6 months, the results of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Trail Making Test (TMT)-Part A showed an improvement versus baseline in the donepezil treatment group. All groups showed a significant increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), mainly in the frontal lobe. Significant rCBF reduction was observed in the temporal lobe and cingulate gyrus in all 3 groups. CONCLUSION AchEI treatment prevents the progression of cognitive impairment and increases the relative rCBF in the frontal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Shimizu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Galantamine promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis via M₁ muscarinic and α7 nicotinic receptors in mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1957-68. [PMID: 24818616 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145714000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Galantamine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, promotes hippocampal neurogenesis, but the exact mechanism for this is not known. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the effects of acute galantamine on neurogenesis in the mouse hippocampus. Galantamine (3 mg/kg) increased the number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. This effect was blocked by the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine and the preferential M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist telenzepine, but not by the nicotinic receptor antagonists mecamylamine and methyllycaconitine. Galantamine did not alter the ratio of neuronal nuclei (NeuN)- or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells to BrdU-labeled cells in the subgranular zone and granule cell layer. Galantamine (1, 3 mg/kg) promoted the survival of 2-wk-old newly divided cells in mice in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, whereas it did not affect the survival of newly divided cells at 1 and 4 wk. Galantamine-induced increases in cell survival were blocked by the α7 nicotinic receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine, but not by scopolamine. Bilateral injection of recombinant IGF2 into the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus mimicked the effects of galantamine. The effects of galantamine were blocked by direct injection of the IGF1 receptor antagonist JB1. These findings suggest that galantamine promotes neurogenesis via activation of the M1 muscarinic and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The present study also suggests that IGF2 is involved in the effects of galantamine on the survival of 2-wk-old immature cells in the granule cell layer.
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Chang KA, Lee JH, Suh YH. Therapeutic potential of human adipose-derived stem cells in neurological disorders. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 126:293-301. [PMID: 25409785 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14r10cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has been noted as a novel strategy to various diseases including neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease that have no effective treatment available to date. The adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adipose tissue, are well known for their pluripotency with the ability to differentiate into various types of cells and immuno-modulatory property. These biological features make ASCs a promising source for regenerative cell therapy in neurological disorders. Here we discuss the recent progress of regenerative therapies in various neurological disorders utilizing ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-A Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Korea
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Ghaleiha A, Ghyasvand M, Mohammadi MR, Farokhnia M, Yadegari N, Tabrizi M, Hajiaghaee R, Yekehtaz H, Akhondzadeh S. Galantamine efficacy and tolerability as an augmentative therapy in autistic children: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:677-85. [PMID: 24132248 DOI: 10.1177/0269881113508830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of cholinergic abnormalities in autism was recently evidenced and there is a growing interest in cholinergic modulation, emerging for targeting autistic symptoms. Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and an allosteric potentiator of nicotinic receptors. This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of galantamine as an augmentative therapy to risperidone, in autistic children. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, 40 outpatients aged 4-12 years whom had a diagnosis of autism (DSM IV-TR) and a score of 12 or higher on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-C) Irritability subscale were equally randomized to receive either galantamine (up to 24 mg/day) or placebo, in addition to risperidone (up to 2 mg/day), for 10 weeks. We rated participants by ABC-C and a side effects checklist, at baseline and at weeks 5 and 10. By the study endpoint, the galantamine-treated patients showed significantly greater improvement in the Irritability (P = 0.017) and Lethargy/Social Withdrawal (P = 0.005) subscales than the placebo group. The difference between the two groups in the frequency of side effects was not significant. In conclusion, galantamine augmentation was shown to be a relatively effective and safe augmentative strategy for alleviating some of the autism-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghaleiha
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghyasvand
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noorollah Yadegari
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Tabrizi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hajiaghaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, Karaj, Iran
| | - Habibeh Yekehtaz
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sasaki S, Horie Y. The Effects of an Uninterrupted Switch from Donepezil to Galantamine without Dose Titration on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2014; 4:131-9. [PMID: 24987402 PMCID: PMC4067716 DOI: 10.1159/000362871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To elucidate the efficacy of galantamine on cognition and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in outpatients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) who have switched from donepezil to galantamine. Materials and Methods We performed an uninterrupted switch from donepezil to galantamine without a washout period or dose titration in 44 ambulatory outpatients with amnestic MCI (n = 12) or mild-to-moderate AD (n = 32). Three months after the switch, the efficacy of galantamine was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and NPI Brief Questionnaire Form (NPI-Q), respectively, using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results NPI scores improved significantly on BPSD, especially on delusions, agitation and aberrant motor activity in AD patients (p = 0.027); improvement was remarkable in patients with moderate AD (MMSE score 10-19; p = 0.007), while insignificant in those with MCI (MMSE score ≥24; p = 0.648). The NPI-Q score also improved significantly regarding both the severity of the disease (p = 0.009) and caregiver distress (p = 0.012) in AD patients. MMSE scores hardly improved in either MCI (p = 0.394) or AD patients (p = 0.265). Conclusions An uninterrupted switch from donepezil to galantamine could be a useful alternative treatment option for AD patients whose BPSD are unresponsive to donepezil, or whose caregivers are not satisfied with donepezil treatment. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Horie
- Division of Biostatistics, Kitasato University Graduate School, Sagamihara, Japan
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Mak S, Luk WWK, Cui W, Hu S, Tsim KWK, Han Y. Synergistic Inhibition on Acetylcholinesterase by the Combination of Berberine and Palmatine Originally Isolated from Chinese Medicinal Herbs. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 53:511-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Turi CE, Axwik KE, Smith A, Jones AMP, Saxena PK, Murch SJ. Galanthamine, an anticholinesterase drug, effects plant growth and development in Artemisia tridentate Nutt. via modulation of auxin and neutrotransmitter signaling. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e28645. [PMID: 24690897 PMCID: PMC4161611 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Galanthamine is a naturally occurring acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitor that has been well established as a drug for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, but the role of the compound in plant metabolism is not known. The current study was designed to investigate whether galanthamine could redirect morphogenesis of Artemisia tridentata Nutt. cultures by altering concentration of endogenous neurosignaling molecules acetylcholine (Ach), auxin (IAA), melatonin (Mel), and serotonin (5HT). Exposure of axenic A. tridentata cultures to 10 µM galanthamine decreased the concentration of endogenous Ach, IAA, MEL, and AchE, and altered plant growth in a manner reminiscent of 2-4D toxicity. Galanthamine itself demonstrated IAA activity in an oat coleotile elongation bioassay, 20 µM galanthamine showed no significant difference compared with 5 μM IAA or 5 μM 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Metabolomic analysis detected between 20,921 to 27,891 compounds in A. tridentata plantlets and showed greater commonality between control and 5 µM treatments. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis putatively identified coumarins scopoletin/isoscopoletin, and scopolin in A. tridentata leaf extracts and these metabolites linearly increased in response to galanthamine treatments. Overall, these data indicate that galanthamine is an allelopathic phytochemical and support the hypothesis that neurologically active compounds in plants help ensure plant survival and adaptation to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Turi
- Biology; University of British Columbia; Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - Katarina E Axwik
- Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - Anderson Smith
- Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - A Maxwell P Jones
- Department of Plant Agriculture; University of Guelph; Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Department of Plant Agriculture; University of Guelph; Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Susan J Murch
- Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, BC Canada
- Correspondence to: Susan J Murch,
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50
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Two receptors are involved in the central functions of kynurenic acid under an acute stress in neonatal chicks. Neuroscience 2013; 248:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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