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Li C, Yang Q, Zhang L. Identification of putative allosteric inhibitors of BCKDK via virtual screening and biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2290458. [PMID: 38059302 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2290458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can lead to metabolic diseases and cancers. Branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) is a key negative regulator of BCAA catabolism, and targeting BCKDK provides a promising therapeutic approach for diseases caused by BCAA accumulation. Here, we screened PPHN and POAB as novel putative allosteric inhibitors by integrating allosteric binding site prediction, large-scale ligand database virtual screening, and bioactivity evaluation assays. Both of them showed a high binding affinity to BCKDK, with Kd values of 3.9 μM and 1.86 μM, respectively. In vivo experiments, the inhibitors demonstrated superior kinase inhibitory activity and notable antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on diverse cancer cells. Finally, bulk RNA-seq analysis revealed that PPHN and POAB suppressed cell growth through a range of signalling pathways. Taken together, our findings highlight two novel BCKDK inhibitors as potent therapeutic candidates for metabolic diseases and cancers associated with BCAA dysfunctional metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiong Li
- Genomics Center, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Genomics Center, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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2
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Boguszewicz Ł, Bieleń A, Jarczewski JD, Ciszek M, Skorupa A, Mrochem-Kwarciak J, Składowski K, Sokół M. NMR-Based Metabolomics of Blood Serum in Predicting Response to Induction Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer-A Preliminary Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7555. [PMID: 39062797 PMCID: PMC11277221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of induction chemotherapy (iCHT) in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) is still to be established due to high toxicity and variable response rates. The aim of this retrospective study is to use NMR-based serum metabolomics to predict the response rates to iCHT from the pretreatment samples. The studied group consisted of 46 LA-HNSCC patients treated with iCHT. The response to the treatment was evaluated by the clinical, fiberoptic, and radiological examinations made before and after iCHT. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) serum spectra of the samples collected before iCHT were acquired with a 400 MHz spectrometer and were analyzed using multivariate and univariate statistical methods. A significant multivariate model was obtained only for the male patients. The treatment-responsive men with >75% primary tumor regression after iCHT showed pretreatment elevated levels of isoleucine, alanine, glycine, tyrosine, N-acetylcysteine, and the lipid compounds, as well as decreased levels of acetate, glutamate, formate, and ketone bodies compared to those who did not respond (regression of the primary tumor <75%). The results indicate that the nutritional status, capacity of the immune system, and the efficiency of metabolism related to protein synthesis may be prognostic factors for the response to induction chemotherapy in male HNSCC patients. However, larger studies are required that would validate the findings and could contribute to the development of more personalized treatment protocols for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Boguszewicz
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Agata Bieleń
- 1st Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Jarosław Dawid Jarczewski
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Ciszek
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Skorupa
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Jolanta Mrochem-Kwarciak
- Analytics and Clinical Biochemistry Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Składowski
- 1st Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Maria Sokół
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
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3
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Liu T, Bai H, Wang S, Gong W, Wang Z. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of prebiotics utilization by Bifidobacterium animalis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:257. [PMID: 38937374 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the utilization mechanism of oligosaccharides by Bifidobacterium was investigated through the transcriptome sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics technology of Bifidobacterium animalis cultured with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). The results showed that FOS affected the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate binding transporters (ABC transporters) by increasing the expression levels of msmE, msmG, and gluA. Similarly, GOS improved aminoacyl-tRNA synthases by upregulating the expression of tRNA-Ala, tRNA-Pro, and tRNA-Met. Bifidobacterium animalis cultured with FOS and GOS produced different metabolites, such as histamine, tartaric acid, and norepinephrine, with the functions of inhibiting inflammation, alleviating depression and diseases related to brain and nervous system and maintaining body health. Furthermore, the transcriptome and metabolome analysis results revealed that FOS and GOS promoted the growth and metabolism of Bifidobacterium animalis by regulating the related pathways of carbohydrate, energy, and amino acid metabolism. Overall, the experimental results provided significant insights into the prebiotic effects of FOS and GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China
| | - Huasong Bai
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China
| | - Songjun Wang
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China
| | - Wenhui Gong
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China
| | - Zhanzhong Wang
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China.
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Güil-Oumrait N, Stratakis N, Maitre L, Anguita-Ruiz A, Urquiza J, Fabbri L, Basagaña X, Heude B, Haug LS, Sakhi AK, Iszatt N, Keun HC, Wright J, Chatzi L, Vafeiadi M, Bustamante M, Grazuleviciene R, Andrušaitytė S, Slama R, McEachan R, Casas M, Vrijheid M. Prenatal Exposure to Chemical Mixtures and Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Children. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2412040. [PMID: 38780942 PMCID: PMC11117089 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Prenatal exposure to ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children, but few studies have studied chemical mixtures or explored underlying protein and metabolic signatures. Objective To investigate associations of prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures with MetS risk score in children and identify associated proteins and metabolites. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based, birth cohort study used data collected between April 1, 2003, and February 26, 2016, from the Human Early Life Exposome cohort based in France, Greece, Lithuania, Norway, Spain, and the UK. Eligible participants included mother-child pairs with measured prenatal EDC exposures and complete data on childhood MetS risk factors, proteins, and metabolites. Data were analyzed between October 2022 and July 2023. Exposures Nine metals, 3 organochlorine pesticides, 5 polychlorinated biphenyls, 2 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 5 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), 10 phthalate metabolites, 3 phenols, 4 parabens, and 4 organophosphate pesticide metabolites measured in urine and blood samples collected during pregnancy. Main Outcomes and Measures At 6 to 11 years of age, a composite MetS risk score was constructed using z scores of waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels. Childhood levels of 44 urinary metabolites, 177 serum metabolites, and 35 plasma proteins were quantified using targeted methods. Associations were assessed using bayesian weighted quantile sum regressions applied to mixtures for each chemical group. Results The study included 1134 mothers (mean [SD] age at birth, 30.7 [4.9] years) and their children (mean [SD] age, 7.8 [1.5] years; 617 male children [54.4%] and 517 female children [45.6%]; mean [SD] MetS risk score, -0.1 [2.3]). MetS score increased per 1-quartile increase of the mixture for metals (β = 0.44; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.30 to 0.59), organochlorine pesticides (β = 0.22; 95% CrI, 0.15 to 0.29), PBDEs (β = 0.17; 95% CrI, 0.06 to 0.27), and PFAS (β = 0.19; 95% CrI, 0.14 to 0.24). High-molecular weight phthalate mixtures (β = -0.07; 95% CrI, -0.10 to -0.04) and low-molecular weight phthalate mixtures (β = -0.13; 95% CrI, -0.18 to -0.08) were associated with a decreased MetS score. Most EDC mixtures were associated with elevated proinflammatory proteins, amino acids, and altered glycerophospholipids, which in turn were associated with increased MetS score. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study suggests that prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures may be associated with adverse metabolic health in children. Given the pervasive nature of EDCs and the increase in MetS, these findings hold substantial public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Güil-Oumrait
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Léa Maitre
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Urquiza
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fabbri
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit Kaur Sakhi
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Andrušaitytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rémy Slama
- Department of Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB; INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rosemary McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Maribel Casas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Liu Y, Danial M, Liu L, Sadiq FA, Wei X, Zhang G. Effects of Co-Fermentation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Digestive and Quality Properties of Steamed Bread. Foods 2023; 12:3333. [PMID: 37761042 PMCID: PMC10528435 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The leavening of wheat-based steamed bread is carried out either with a pure yeast culture or with traditional starter cultures containing both lactic acid bacteria and yeast/mold. The use of variable starter cultures significantly affects steamed bread's quality attributes, including nutritional profile. In this paper, differences in physicochemical properties, the type of digested starch, the production of free amino acids, and the specific volume of steamed bread under three fermentation methods (blank, yeast, and LP-GM4-yeast) were compared. The digestion characteristics (protein and starch hydrolysis) of steamed bread produced by using either yeast alone or a combination of Lactiplantibacillus plantrum and yeast (LP-GM4-yeast) were analyzed by an in vitro simulated digestion technique. It was found that the specific volume of steamed bread fermented by LP-GM4-yeast co-culture was increased by about 32%, the proportion of resistant starch was significantly increased (more than double), and soluble protein with molecular weight of 30-40 kDa was significantly increased. The results of this study showed that steamed bread produced by LP-GM4-yeast co-culture is more beneficial to human health than that by single culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (Y.L.); (M.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Muhammad Danial
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (Y.L.); (M.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;
| | - Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- Technology & Food Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium;
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (Y.L.); (M.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (Y.L.); (M.D.); (X.W.)
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6
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Seryapina AA, Malyavko AA, Polityko YK, Yanshole LV, Tsentalovich YP, Markel AL. Metabolic profile of blood serum in experimental arterial hypertension. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:530-538. [PMID: 37867609 PMCID: PMC10587007 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of essential hypertension is intricate, since it employs simultaneously various body systems related to the regulation of blood pressure in one way or another: the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems, renal and endothelial mechanisms. The pathogenesis of hypertension is influenced by a variety of both genetic and environmental factors, which determines the heterogeneity of the disease in human population. Hence, there is a need to perform research on experimental models - inbred animal strains, one of them being ISIAH rat strain, which is designed to simulate inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension as close as possible to primary (or essential) hypertension in humans. To determine specific markers of diseases, various omics technologies are applied, including metabolomics, which makes it possible to evaluate the content of low-molecular compounds - amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids fragments - in biological samples available for clinical analysis (blood and urine). We analyzed the metabolic profile of the blood serum of male ISIAH rats with a genetic stress-dependent form of arterial hypertension in comparison with the normotensive WAG rats. Using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR spectroscopy), 56 metabolites in blood serum samples were identified, 18 of which were shown to have significant interstrain differences in serum concentrations. Statistical analysis of the data obtained showed that the hypertensive status of ISIAH rats is characterized by increased concentrations of leucine, isoleucine, valine, myo-inositol, isobutyrate, glutamate, glutamine, ornithine and creatine phosphate, and reduced concentrations of 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, betaine, tyrosine and tryptophan. Such a ratio of the metabolite concentrations is associated with changes in the regulation of glucose metabolism (metabolic markers - leucine, isoleucine, valine, myo-inositol), of nitric oxide synthesis (ornithine) and catecholamine pathway (tyrosine), and with inflammatory processes (metabolic markers - betaine, tryptophan), all of these changes being typical for hypertensive status. Thus, metabolic profiling of the stress-dependent form of arterial hypertension seems to be an important result for a personalized approach to the prevention and treatment of hypertensive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Seryapina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Malyavko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu K Polityko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu P Tsentalovich
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A L Markel
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Bak A, Kozik V, Swietlicka A, Baran W, Smolinski A, Zięba A. Towards Symmetric Thioamides: Microwave-Aided Synthesis of Terephthalic Acid Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:984. [PMID: 37513896 PMCID: PMC10385826 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The multistep synthesis of novel bis-terephthalthioamides based on methyl esters of amino acids (AAs) was proposed using conventional heating and microwave-assisted approaches. In fact, the comparative case study on the thionation of new symmetrical diamides with Lawesson's reagent (LR) was performed. The microwave-accelerated small-scale methodology was successfully employed on the whole pathway from substrates (Gly, Ala, Val, Tyr, Ser) to products (symmetrical dithioamides of terephthalic acid), resulting in significantly reduced reaction time, energy requirements, and slightly increased reaction yields when compared to conventional heating. Moreover, the intermolecular similarity of novel terephthalic acid derivatives was estimated in the multidimensional space (mDS) of the structure/property-related in silico descriptors using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The distance-oriented structure/property distribution was also correlated with the experimental lipophilic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Violetta Kozik
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Baran
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Adam Smolinski
- Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zięba
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Taghizadeh H, Emamgholipour S, Hosseinkhani S, Arjmand B, Rezaei N, Dilmaghani-Marand A, Ghasemi E, Panahi N, Dehghanbanadaki H, Ghodssi-Ghassemabadi R, Najjar N, Asadi M, khoshniat M, Larijani B, Razi F. The association between acylcarnitine and amino acids profile and metabolic syndrome and its components in Iranian adults: Data from STEPs 2016. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1058952. [PMID: 36923214 PMCID: PMC10008865 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1058952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence, albeit with conflicting results, has suggested that cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, and hypertension, are highly associated with changes in metabolic signature, especially plasma amino acids and acylcarnitines levels. Here, we aimed to evaluate the association of circulating levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 1192 participants from the large-scale cross-sectional study of Surveillance of Risk Factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Iran (STEP 2016). The circulating levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in individuals with MetS (n=529) and without MetS (n=663). RESULTS The higher plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids (Val, Leu), aromatic amino acids (Phe, Tyr), Pro, Ala, Glu, and the ratio of Asp to Asn were significantly associated with MetS, whereas lower circulating levels of Gly, Ser, His, Asn, and citrulline were significantly associated with MetS. As for plasma levels of free carnitine and acylcarnitines, higher levels of short-chain acylcarnitines (C2, C3, C4DC), free carnitine (C0), and long-chain acylcarnitines (C16, C18OH) were significantly associated with MetS. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that factor 3 (Tyr, Leu, Val, Met, Trp, Phe, Thr) [OR:1.165, 95% CI: 1.121-1.210, P<0.001], factor 7 (C0, C3, C4) [OR:1.257, 95% CI: 1.150-1.374, P<0.001], factor 8 (Gly, Ser) [OR:0.718, 95% CI: 0.651-0.793, P< 0.001], factor 9 (Ala, Pro, C4DC) [OR:1.883, 95% CI: 1.669-2.124, P<0.001], factor 10 (Glu, Asp, C18:2OH) [OR:1.132, 95% CI: 1.032-1.242, P= 0.009], factor 11 (citrulline, ornithine) [OR:0.862, 95% CI: 0.778-0.955, P= 0.004] and 13 (C18OH, C18:1 OH) [OR: 1.242, 95% CI: 1.042-1.480, P= 0.016] were independently correlated with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Change in amino acid, and acylcarnitines profiles were seen in patients with MetS. Moreover, the alteration in the circulating levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines is along with an increase in MetS component number. It also seems that amino acid and acylcarnitines profiles can provide valuable information on evaluating and monitoring MetS risk. However, further studies are needed to establish this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hananeh Taghizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Hosseinkhani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Dilmaghani-Marand
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Ghasemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nekoo Panahi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Niloufar Najjar
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen khoshniat
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Farideh Razi,
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Zhang J, Chi R, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Liu Y, Bao Q, Lv H, Han B, Sun H, Sun P. Preoperative administration of branched-chain amino acids reduces postoperative insulin resistance in rats by reducing liver gluconeogenesis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:78. [PMID: 36447227 PMCID: PMC9706859 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative insulin resistance (PIR) represents an important characteristic of metabolic response following surgical injury. Clinical outcomes are negatively correlated to postoperative insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, indicating a novel treatment for reducing postoperative insulin resistance is urgently needed. The current work aimed to assess the protective effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on glucose metabolism disorders induced surgically in a rat model, and to explore the underpinning mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups, including the control and BCAA groups. Rats were given a compulsory oral 3 mL load by gavage two hours before surgery. The results showed that BCAA remarkably reduced glycemia by suppressing liver gluconeogenesis via reduction of cAMP-response element-binding protein-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) gene and protein expression levels (all Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that BCAA lower blood glucose levels by reducing liver gluconeogenesis without significant elevation of plasma insulin levels. We anticipate that preoperative BCAA supplementation may be a means for preventing postoperative insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Rui Chi
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Yi Xie
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Qun Bao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Hengyu Lv
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Bo Han
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The Province and Ministry Cosponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Peng Sun
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
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10
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Prokopidis K, Kirwan RP, Giannos P, Triantafyllidis KK, Kechagias KS, Forbes SC, Candow DG. The impact of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on measures of glucose homeostasis in individuals with hepatic disorders: A systematic review of clinical studies. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 36:603-611. [PMID: 35996869 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation may influence glucose metabolism in individuals with impaired glycemic profile. This systematic review investigated the effects of isolated BCAA supplementation on measures of glucose homeostasis in individuals with hepatic disorders. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for published clinical trials that investigated the effects of isolated BCAA supplementation on measures of glucose homeostasis, including serum glucose and insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) scores. RESULTS Eleven trials met the inclusion criteria. Only one study revealed a decrease in serum glucose from BCAA supplementation compared to three studies that showed increases. Five studies demonstrated no significant changes in serum glucose, and two studies displayed no changes in HbA1c following BCAA supplementation. Serum levels of insulin were decreased in three studies, remained unchanged in one, whilst increased in the remaining three studies. BCAA supplementation reduced HOMA-IR scores in two studies, increased HOMA-IR scores in another two or resulted in no changes in two other studies. CONCLUSIONS BCAA supplementation in isolation had no effect on overall glucose homeostasis in individuals with hepatic disorders, although some improvements on serum insulin levels and HOMA-IR scores were observed. Overall, there is little evidence to support the utilization of BCAA supplementation as a potential nutritional strategy for improving measures of glucose homeostasis in individuals with hepatic disorders. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard P Kirwan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Panagiotis Giannos
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos S Kechagias
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.,Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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11
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Chen D, Rocha-Mendoza D, Shan S, Smith Z, García-Cano I, Prost J, Jimenez-Flores R, Campanella O. Characterization and Cellular Uptake of Peptides Derived from In Vitro Digestion of Meat Analogues Produced by a Sustainable Extrusion Process. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8124-8133. [PMID: 35730749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Whether proteins in meat analogues (MAs) have the ability to provide equivalent nutrition as those in animal meat remains unknown. Herein, a MA was produced by high-moisture extrusion using soy and wheat proteins. The physicochemical properties, in vitro digestion, and cellular uptake of the released peptides were systematically compared between the MA and the chicken breast (CB). The MA showed a higher hardness but a lower degree of texturization than the CB. After simulated digestion, soluble peptides in the MA had a higher molecular weight and higher hydrophobicity. No observable cytotoxicity or inflammatory response to Caco-2 cells was found for both MA and CB digests. The former exhibited less permeability of peptides across Caco-2 cells. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry found that the identified peptides in MA and CB digests contained 7-30 and 7-20 amino acid residues, respectively, and they became shorter after cellular transportation. The amino acid composition showed fewer essential and non-essential amino acids in the MA permeate than in the CB permeate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Diana Rocha-Mendoza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shengyue Shan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zachary Smith
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Environmental Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Israel García-Cano
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Julie Prost
- Clextral Inc., Tampa, Florida 33626, United States
| | - Rafael Jimenez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Osvaldo Campanella
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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12
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Abdelsalam A, Mahran E, Chowdhury K, Boroujerdi A. Metabolic profiling, in vitro propagation, and genetic assessment of the endangered rare plant Anarrhinum pubescens. JOURNAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 19:108. [PMID: 34309751 PMCID: PMC8313610 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Anarrhinum pubescens Fresen. (Plantaginaceae) is a rare plant, endemic to the Saint Catherine area, of South Sinai, Egypt. Earlier studies have reported the isolation of cytotoxic and anti-cholinesterase iridoid glucosides from the aerial parts of the plant. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical profiling of the wild plant shoots as well as establish efficient protocols for in vitro plant regeneration and proliferation with further assessment of the genetic stability of the in vitro regenerated plants. Results Twenty-seven metabolites have been identified in wild plant shoots using the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The metabolites include alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins, and a phenol. In vitro propagation of the plant was carried out through nodal cutting-micropropagation and leaf segment-direct organogenesis. The best results were obtained when nodal cutting explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with Gamborg B5 vitamins supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1.0 mg/L) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.05 mg/L), which gave a shoot formation capacity of 100% and a mean number of shoots of 27.67 ± 1.4/explant. These shoots were successfully rooted and transferred to the greenhouse and the survival rate was 75%. Genetic fidelity evaluation of the micropropagated clones was carried out using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient indicated a similarity as high as 98% and 95% from RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively. Conclusions This study provides the chemical profiling of the aerial part of Anarrhinum pubescens. Moreover, in vitro regeneration through different tissue culture techniques has been established for mass propagation of the plant, and the genetic fidelity of the in vitro regenerated plants was confirmed as well. Our work on the in vitro propagation of A. pubescens will be helpful in ex situ conservation and identification of bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Abdelsalam
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Ehab Mahran
- Department of Chemistry, Claflin University, Orangeburg, SC, 29115, USA.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11371, Egypt
| | - Kamal Chowdhury
- Department of Biology, Claflin University, Orangeburg, SC, 29115, USA.
| | - Arezue Boroujerdi
- Department of Chemistry, Claflin University, Orangeburg, SC, 29115, USA
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13
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The Effect of Isoleucine Supplementation on Body Weight Gain and Blood Glucose Response in Lean and Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082446. [PMID: 32823899 PMCID: PMC7468706 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic isoleucine supplementation prevents diet-induced weight gain in rodents. Acute-isoleucine administration improves glucose tolerance in rodents and reduces postprandial glucose levels in humans. However, the effect of chronic-isoleucine supplementation on body weight and glucose tolerance in obesity is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of chronic isoleucine on body weight gain and glucose tolerance in lean and high-fat-diet (HFD) induced-obese mice. Male C57BL/6-mice, fed a standard-laboratory-diet (SLD) or HFD for 12 weeks, were randomly allocated to: (1) Control: Drinking water; (2) Acute: Drinking water with a gavage of isoleucine (300 mg/kg) prior to the oral-glucose-tolerance-test (OGTT) or gastric-emptying-breath-test (GEBT); (3) Chronic: Drinking water with 1.5% isoleucine, for a further six weeks. At 16 weeks, an OGTT and GEBT was performed and at 17 weeks metabolic monitoring. In SLD- and HFD-mice, there was no difference in body weight, fat mass, and plasma lipid profiles between isoleucine treatment groups. Acute-isoleucine did not improve glucose tolerance in SLD- or HFD-mice. Chronic-isoleucine impaired glucose tolerance in SLD-mice. There was no difference in gastric emptying between any groups. Chronic-isoleucine did not alter energy intake, energy expenditure, or respiratory quotient in SLD- or HFD-mice. In conclusion, chronic isoleucine supplementation may not be an effective treatment for obesity or glucose intolerance.
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14
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Sans MD, Crozier SJ, Vogel NL, D'Alecy LG, Williams JA. Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency Inhibit Pancreatic Digestive Enzyme mRNA Translation by Multiple Mechanisms. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:99-115. [PMID: 32735995 PMCID: PMC7596297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic amino acid (AA) deficiency, as in kwashiorkor, reduces the size of the pancreas through an effect on mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Because of the physiological importance of AAs and their role as a substrate, a stimulant of mTORC1, and protein synthesis, we studied the effect of acute protein and AA deficiency on the response to feeding. METHODS ICR/CD-1 mice were fasted overnight and refed for 2 hours with 4 different isocaloric diets: control (20% Prot); Protein-free (0% Prot); control (AA-based diet), and a leucine-free (No Leu). Protein synthesis, polysomal profiling, and the activation of several protein translation factors were analyzed in pancreas samples. RESULTS All diets stimulated the Protein Kinase-B (Akt)/mTORC1 pathway, increasing the phosphorylation of the kinase Akt, the ribosomal protein S6 (S6) and the formation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex. Total protein synthesis and polysome formation were inhibited in the 0% Prot and No Leu groups to a similar extent, compared with the 20% Prot group. The 0% Prot diet partially reduced the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and the activity of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B, without affecting eIF2α phosphorylation. The No Leu diet increased the phosphorylation of eIF2α and general control nonderepressible 2, and also inhibited eIF2B activity, without affecting mTORC1. Essential and nonessential AA levels in plasma and pancreas indicated a complex regulation of their cellular transport mechanisms and their specific effect on the synthesis of digestive enzymes. CONCLUSIONS These studies show that dietary AAs are important regulators of postprandial digestive enzyme synthesis, and their deficiency could induce pancreatic insufficiency and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolors Sans
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Stephen J Crozier
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nancy L Vogel
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Louis G D'Alecy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John A Williams
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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15
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Fedotov OV, Usikova ZL. Modification of isolation methods and physico-biochemical properties of preparations of fungal oxidoreductases. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of the modification of methods for producing enzymatic preparations (EP) of peroxidases and catalases of extra- and intracellular finding from fungal cultures are presented. Strains of Flammulina velutipes F-vv, Lentinula edodes 523 and Pleurotus ostreatus P-01 were used as producers of oxidoreductases. The producers were cultured in glucose-peptone medium, modified for each strain. Protein fractionation was carried out by leaching with ammonium sulfate at a saturation of 40–70% for peroxidases and 80% for catalases. The obtained solutions of protein fractions were additionally subjected to purification by dialysis, gel filtration on Molselect G-50 and G-75 granules, and also freeze drying. The yield of enzymatic preparations per unit mass of mycelium and the volume of culture fluid were calculated. The individual characteristics of EP – enzymatic activity, the mass percentage of protein and associated amino acids, the ratio of the latter in groups depending on the nature of the radicals (amphotericity) of protein molecules are established. It was proved that the amino acid content in the proteins of fungal EP catalases and peroxidases indicates their acidic nature and this is confirmed by the pH values of aqueous solutions. Examination and toxicity testing of enzymatic preparations were carried out in certified laboratories, which confirmed their characteristics and compliance with safety requirements. The therapeutic properties of amino acids that are part of proteins or are in a free state in enzyme preparations are analyzed. In this way, the methods have been developed for producing enzymatic preparations of peroxidases and catalases of extra- and intracellular location, which allow new antioxidant enzymes with individual properties to be obtained, and, as a result, bring prospects for use in various industries and scientific research.
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Yoshii K, Ogasawara M, Wada J, Yamamoto Y, Inouye K. Exploration of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors in a low-molecular mass extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida and identification of the inhibitors as amino acids like methionine, leucine, histidine, and isoleucine. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 137:109534. [PMID: 32423671 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have reported previously that the water extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida has inhibitory effect on human dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) in vitro. Here we studied to identify DPP IV inhibitors in a low-molecular mass extract (designated U3EE) under 3 kDa prepared from the water extract. U3EE showed 50 % inhibition (IC50) at the concentration of 5.3 ± 0.3 mg/mL. An inhibitory active fraction obtained by solid-phase extraction of U3EE was separated into three parts by reversed-phase HPLC. These parts were shown by GC/MS to be composed of ten (Ala, Gly, Thr, Ser, Asn, Asp, Lys, His, Orn, and cystine), two (Leu and Ile), and one (Met) amino acids, respectively. Among them, Met, Leu, and His showed strong inhibition with IC50 values of 3.4 ± 0.3, 6.1 ± 0.3 and 14.7 ± 1.2 mM, respectively; Ala, Lys, Orn, and Ile showed rather weaker inhibition than those, while the others showed no inhibition. Met, Leu, and Ile were competitive inhibitors and His was a mixed-type one. DPP IV inhibition by U3EE might be due to additive and/or synergistic effects of the inhibitory amino acids, suggesting that it could be useful as pharmaceutical and supplement for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yoshii
- Research and Development Division, Waki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Room 307, Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto), 105 Jibu-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8374, Japan
| | - Masako Ogasawara
- Research and Development Division, Waki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Room 307, Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto), 105 Jibu-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8374, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Kyoto Municipal Institute of Industrial Technology and Culture, 91 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Kyoto Municipal Institute of Industrial Technology and Culture, 91 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Kuniyo Inouye
- Research and Development Division, Waki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Room 307, Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto), 105 Jibu-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8374, Japan.
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17
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Lian K, Feng YN, Li R, Liu HL, Han P, Zhou L, Li CX, Wang Q. Middle- and high-molecular weight adiponectin levels in relation to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23148. [PMID: 31880002 PMCID: PMC7171302 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adiponectin (APN) circulates as high‐molecular weight (HMW), medium‐molecular weight (MMW), and low‐molecular weight (LMW) forms. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. Currently, the role of LMW, MMW, and HMW APN remains largely unclear in NAFLD. Methods We examined the variation of these forms and analyzed the related clinical characteristics in NAFLD. A total of 63 male NAFLD patients (mean age: 43.00 ± 6.10 years) and 70 healthy male subjects (mean age: 42.53 ± 7.98 years) were included in the study. Total APN and other clinical characteristics were measured. The changes in HMW, MMW, and LMW APN were determined in NAFLD patients and NAFLD patients on a high‐fat diet, and the association between the groups was further analyzed. Results Decreased levels of total APN and three APN isoforms were found in NAFLD. Significantly decreased levels of HMW (P < .01) and MMW (P < .001) were observed in NAFLD of high‐fat diet patients. In NAFLD patients, height (R = −.270, P = .032) and N‐epsilon‐(carboxymethyl) lysine (R = −.259, P = .040) significantly correlated with total APN. HMW APN was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose (R = .350, P = .016), alanine aminotransferase (R = −.321, P = .029), and aspartate aminotransferase (R = −.295, P = .045). Additionally, MMW APN was significantly associated with total cholesterol (R = .357, P = .014) and high‐density lipoprotein (R = .556, P < .0001). Low‐density lipoprotein (R = −.283, P = .054) was also clearly associated with LMW APN in NAFLD patients. Conclusion These results suggest that HMW and MMW APN may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Nan Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao-Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng-Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Biswas D, Duffley L, Pulinilkunnil T. Role of branched‐chain amino acid–catabolizing enzymes in intertissue signaling, metabolic remodeling, and energy homeostasis. FASEB J 2019; 33:8711-8731. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802842rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipsikha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
| | - Luke Duffley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
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Dunstan R, Macdonald M, Marks A, Sparkes D, Roberts T. Alterations in red blood cell parameters, plasma amino acids, total cholesterol and fatty acids in Standardbred horses undergoing fitness training. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/cep180045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is vital to optimise the supply of nutrients to support exercise and facilitate recovery and repair processes in horses. This study assessed the effects of exercise on resting plasma homeostasis in horses upon initiation of a training program to attain fitness in preparation for competitive harness racing. Four Standardbred horses (three males and one female) that had not been in work for at least 6 months were assessed prior to the commencement of the training program and then progressively on a weekly basis for 8 weeks. Resting plasma samples were collected in the early morning prior to exercise training and feeding. Samples were analysed for amino acid composition, cholesterol, palmitic acid and stearic acid on a weekly basis, and red blood cell counts and haemoglobin were analysed at weeks 0, 4 and 8. The red cell counts and levels of haemoglobin increased progressively over the training period (P<0.05). Specific amino acids in the plasma displayed temporal variations during the training period. Glycine was the most abundant amino acid in resting horse plasma and together with serine was reduced throughout the first half of the training period, eventually returning to initial levels at weeks 7 and 8 (P<0.05). A number of amino acids were noted to increase in concentration throughout the 8 week training period including ornithine, histidine and hydroxyproline (P<0.05). Cholesterol fell to substantially lower levels after 8 weeks of exercise (P<0.05). Palmitic acid showed three ‘peaks’ of elevated concentrations in plasma (P<0.05) following the initiation of exercise and then again at the transitions into harder fast work sessions. Stearic acid was relatively constant throughout the exercise period. Adjustments in the plasma composition of these key metabolites were consistent with supporting the increased metabolic demands associated with the higher levels of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.H. Dunstan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - M.M. Macdonald
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - A. Marks
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - D.L. Sparkes
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - T.K. Roberts
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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20
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Hoefle AS, Bangert AM, Rist MJ, Gedrich K, Lee YM, Skurk T, Danier J, Schwarzenbolz U, Daniel H. Postprandial metabolic responses to ingestion of bovine glycomacropeptide compared to a whey protein isolate in prediabetic volunteers. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2067-2077. [PMID: 30003332 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whey protein was shown to reduce blood glucose responses in humans and various other positive effects have been attributed to this protein. In contrast, studies using glycomacropeptide (GMP) as part of the whey fraction of bovine milk are rare. We, therefore, studied the postprandial responses to GMP administration in humans with impaired glucose tolerance compared to the effects of pure whey protein in a random design. METHODS Fifteen prediabetic volunteers received on different occasions one of three test drinks containing 50 g of maltodextrin19 (MD19) alone or in combination with either 50 g GMP or 50 g whey protein isolate (WPI). Blood was collected over 4 h with analysis of blood glucose and hormones, gastric emptying rate as well as plasma amino- and fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and acylcarnitines. RESULTS The WPI drink reduced the AUC of venous blood glucose compared to the MD19 drink in the prediabetic group by 11% (p = 0.0018) whereas GMP reduced the AUC by 18% (p < 0.0001), significantly different to the WPI drink (p = 0.0384). The reduction in blood glucose after the GMP drink was accompanied by a significantly lower AUC of insulin (- 34%) than for the WPI drink. Levels of C-peptide and of glucose insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were highly increased after the WPI drink over the MD19 control drink but remained in essence unaffected by the GMP. CONCLUSION GMP reduced the glycemic response more potently than whey protein, whereas insulin output was less affected making GMP an interesting protein to control postprandial glucose responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja S Hoefle
- Nutritional Physiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Adina M Bangert
- Nutritional Physiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Manuela J Rist
- Nutritional Physiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.,Max Rubner-Institut, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kurt Gedrich
- Nutritional Physiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- Nutritional Physiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.,Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Danier
- Bioanalytik Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 10, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwarzenbolz
- Professur für Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Nutritional Physiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Siomkajło M, Rybka J, Mierzchała-Pasierb M, Gamian A, Stankiewicz-Olczyk J, Bolanowski M, Daroszewski J. Specific plasma amino acid disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome. Endocrine 2017; 58:553-562. [PMID: 29075976 PMCID: PMC5693976 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of the present study was to examine the association between branched chain and aromatic amino acid profiles (BCAA and AAA respectively) and the metabolic syndrome (MS), and to evaluate the clinical utility of these associations in the diagnostic process. METHODS Two hundred and sixty three healthy men with MS [MS(+): n = 165] and without MS [MS(-): n = 98] were enrolled in the observational study. Anthropometrical, biochemical, and amino acid measurements were performed. The ability of the BCAA and AAA to discriminate subjects with MS and insulin resistance was tested. Based on logistic discrimination, a multivariate early MS diagnostic model was built, and its discrimination properties were evaluated. RESULTS Two functionally independent amino acid clusters were identified. BCAA and phenylalanine differed significantly between MS(+) and MS(-) participants (P = 0.003). These factors were also found to be indicators of MS(+) individuals (AUC: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.5757-0.7469), and correlated with cardiometabolic factors. No statistically significant differences in amino acid concentrations between those with and without insulin resistance were noted, and none of the amino groups were indicators of insulin resistance. The proposed MS multivariate diagnostic model consisted of phenylalanine, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin, and had good discrimination properties [AUC 0.79; 95% CI: 0.7239-0.8646]. CONCLUSIONS MS is associated with selective BCAA and AAA profile disturbances, which could be part of cardiometabolic disease pathogenesis and derive neither directly from insulin sensitivity impairment, nor obesity or muscle mass. The MS diagnostic model developed and described herein should be validated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Siomkajło
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteur 4, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Jacek Rybka
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigl 12, Wroclaw, 53-114, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Gamian
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigl 12, Wroclaw, 53-114, Poland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, Wroclaw, 50-368, Poland
| | - Joanna Stankiewicz-Olczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteur 4, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Marek Bolanowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteur 4, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Jacek Daroszewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteur 4, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland.
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22
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Endocrine responses and acute mTOR pathway phosphorylation to resistance exercise with leucine and whey. Biol Sport 2017; 34:197-203. [PMID: 28566814 PMCID: PMC5424460 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.65339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine ingestion reportedly activates the mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle, contributing to a hypertrophy response. The purpose of the study was to compare the post-resistance exercise effects of leucine and whey protein supplementation on endocrine responses and muscle mTOR pathway phosphorylation. On visit 1, subjects (X±SD; n=20; age=27.8±2.8yrs) provided baseline blood samples for analysis of cortisol, glucose and insulin; a muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle to assess mTOR signaling pathway phosphorylation; and were tested for maximum strength on the leg press and leg extension exercises. For visits 2 and 3, subjects were randomized in a double-blind crossover design to ingest either leucine and whey protein (10g+10g; supplement) or a non-caloric placebo. During these visits, 5 sets of 10 repetitions were performed on both exercises, immediately followed by ingestion of the supplement or placebo. Blood was sampled 30 min post-, and a muscle biopsy 45 min post-exercise. Western blots quantified total and phosphorylated proteins. Insulin increased (α<.05) with supplementation with no change in glucose compared to placebo. Relative phosphorylation of AKT and rpS6 were greater with leucine and whey supplementation compared to placebo. Supplementation of leucine and whey protein immediately after heavy resistance exercise increases anabolic signaling in human skeletal muscle.
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Saberi K, Gorji Mahlabani MA, Tashayoie M, Nasiri Nejad F. The Relationship Between Creatine and Whey Protein Supplements Consumption and Anesthesia in Rats. Anesth Pain Med 2016; 6:e32648. [PMID: 27110533 PMCID: PMC4835585 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.32648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Because the trend of pharmacotherapy is toward controlling diet rather than administration of drugs, in our study we examined the probable relationship between Creatine (Cr) or Whey (Wh) consumption and anesthesia (analgesia effect of ketamine). Creatine and Wh are among the most favorable supplements in the market. Whey is a protein, which is extracted from milk and is a rich source of amino acids. Creatine is an amino acid derivative that can change to ATP in the body. Both of these supplements result in Nitric Oxide (NO) retention, which is believed to be effective in N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor analgesia. Objectives: The main question of this study was whether Wh and Cr are effective on analgesic and anesthetic characteristics of ketamine and whether this is related to NO retention or amino acids’ features Materials and Methods: We divided 30 male Wistar rats to three (n = 10) groups; including Cr, Wh and sham (water only) groups. Each group was administered (by gavage) the supplements for an intermediate dosage during 25 days. After this period, they became anesthetized using a Ketamine-Xylazine (KX) and their time to anesthesia and analgesia, and total sleep time were recorded. Results: Data were analyzed twice using the SPSS 18 software with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test; first time we expunged the rats that didn’t become anesthetized and the second time we included all of the samples. There was a significant P-value (P < 0.05) for total anesthesia time in the second analysis. Bonferroni multiple comparison indicated that the difference was between Cr and Sham groups (P < 0.021). Conclusions: The data only indicated that there might be a significant relationship between Cr consumption and total sleep time. Further studies, with rats of different gender and different dosage of supplement and anesthetics are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kianoush Saberi
- Anesthesiology Department, Imam Khomeini Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Kianoush Saberi, Anesthesiology Department, Imam Khomeini Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-9128984844, Fax: +98-2166581595, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Amin Gorji Mahlabani
- Under Graduate Department, Student’s Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Exceptional Talent Development Center (ETDC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tashayoie
- Under Graduate Department, Student’s Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Exceptional Talent Development Center (ETDC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abdollahnejad F, Mosaddegh M, Kamalinejad M, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Najafi F, Faizi M. Investigation of sedative and hypnotic effects of Amygdalus communis L. extract: behavioral assessments and EEG studies on rat. J Nat Med 2015; 70:190-7. [PMID: 26711831 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amygdalus communis L. (almond) has been traditionally used as a natural medicine in the treatment of various diseases. The present research studied the sedative and hypnotic effects of the aqueous fraction of seeds of almond in rats. In order to investigate these effects, a combination of behavioral methods (open field test and loss of righting reflex test) as well as quantitative and analytic methods (EEG and EMG) were applied. The results of the open field test showed that a dose of 400 mg/kg of the almond extract significantly inhibited the locomotion activity of rats compared to normal. The results also illustrated that the almond extract affected pentobarbital-induced sleep through increasing the number of fallings asleep and prolongation of sleeping time. Analysis of EEG recordings of the animals which had received the same dose of the almond extract as the open field test demonstrated marked changes in the animals' sleep architecture. Significant prolongation of total sleeping time as well as significant increase in NREM sleep were the main observed changes compared to the normal condition. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of almond has significant sedative and hypnotic effects, which may support its therapeutic use for insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abdollahnejad
- School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mosaddegh
- School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Najafi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 2660 Vali-Asr Ave., Tehran, 1991953381, Iran.
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Steinert RE, Landrock MF, Ullrich SS, Standfield S, Otto B, Horowitz M, Feinle-Bisset C. Effects of intraduodenal infusion of the branched-chain amino acid leucine on ad libitum eating, gut motor and hormone functions, and glycemia in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:820-7. [PMID: 26289436 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.114488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly leucine, act as nutrient signals regulating protein synthesis and degradation as well as glucose metabolism. In addition, leucine has been demonstrated in animal experiments to modulate eating and energy homeostasis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the effects of physiologic and supraphysiologic loads of intraduodenal leucine on eating, gut hormone and motor functions, and blood glucose in humans. DESIGN Twelve lean men were studied on 3 occasions in a randomized, double-blind order. Antropyloroduodenal motility, plasma ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide YY, insulin, glucagon, blood glucose, appetite perceptions, and gastrointestinal symptoms were measured during 90-min intraduodenal infusions of leucine at 0.15 kcal/min (total 3.3 g, 13.5 kcal), 0.45 kcal/min (total 9.9 g, 40.5 kcal), or saline (control). Ad libitum eating from a buffet lunch was quantified immediately after the infusions. RESULTS Leucine at 0.45 kcal/min inhibited eating (energy intake by ∼13%, P < 0.05), increased plasma cholecystokinin, slightly reduced blood glucose and increased plasma insulin, and decreased antral pressures (all P < 0.05). Leucine at 0.15 kcal/min had no effect on food intake, blood glucose, or antral pressures but also slightly increased plasma cholecystokinin (P < 0.05). Neither dose affected plasma ghrelin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY, or pyloric and duodenal pressures. Plasma leucine concentrations were related to the dose of intraduodenal leucine, with substantial increases during both 0.15 and 0.45 kcal/min. CONCLUSIONS The effects of intraduodenal infusions of free leucine on eating are probably not primarily mediated by changes in gut motor and hormone functions, with perhaps the exception of cholecystokinin. Instead, increased plasma leucine concentrations may be a potential signal mediating the eating-inhibitory effect of leucine. The study was registered as a clinical trial with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (www.anzctr.org.au) as ACTRN12613000899741.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Steinert
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Maria F Landrock
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sina S Ullrich
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Scott Standfield
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Bärbel Otto
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München-Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Horowitz
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Christine Feinle-Bisset
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia; and
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Lee A, Jang HB, Ra M, Choi Y, Lee HJ, Park JY, Kang JH, Park KH, Park SI, Song J. Prediction of future risk of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome based on Korean boy's metabolite profiling. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 9:336-45. [PMID: 25465494 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood obesity is strongly related to future insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Thus, identifying early biomarkers of obesity-related diseases based on metabolic profiling is useful to control future metabolic disorders. We compared metabolic profiles between obese and normal-weight children and investigated specific biomarkers of future insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. METHODS In all, 186 plasma metabolites were analysed at baseline and after 2 years in 109 Korean boys (age 10.5±0.4 years) from the Korean Child Obesity Cohort Study using the AbsoluteIDQ™ p180 Kit. RESULTS We observed that levels of 41 metabolites at baseline and 40 metabolites at follow-up were significantly altered in obese children (p<0.05). Obese children showed significantly higher levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and several acylcarnitines and lower levels of acyl-alkyl phosphatidylcholines. Also, baseline BCAAs were significantly positively correlated with both homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and continuous metabolic risk score at the 2-year follow-up. In logistic regression analyses with adjustments for degree of obesity at baseline, baseline BCAA concentration, greater than the median value, was identified as a predictor of future risk of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION High BCAA concentration could be "early" biomarkers for predicting future metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- AeJin Lee
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, South Korea
| | - Han Byul Jang
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, South Korea
| | - Moonjin Ra
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, South Korea
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ja Lee
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Park
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, South Korea
| | - Jae Heon Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 431-796, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Obesity Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul 100-032, South Korea
| | - Sang Ick Park
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Song
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, South Korea.
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McGraw NJ, Napawan N, Toland MR, Schulze J, Tulk BM, Krul ES. Partially Hydrolyzed Soy Protein Shows Enhanced Transport of Amino Acids Compared to Nonhydrolyzed Protein across an Intestinal Epithelial Cell Monolayer. J Food Sci 2014; 79:H1832-40. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J. McGraw
- Protein Solutions; DuPont Nutrition & Health; St. Louis MO 63110 U.S.A
| | - Nida Napawan
- Protein Solutions; DuPont Nutrition & Health; St. Louis MO 63110 U.S.A
| | | | - John Schulze
- Molecular Structure Facility; Univ. of California; Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Barry M. Tulk
- Protein Solutions; DuPont Nutrition & Health; St. Louis MO 63110 U.S.A
| | - Elaine S. Krul
- Protein Solutions; DuPont Nutrition & Health; St. Louis MO 63110 U.S.A
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Liu H, Liu R, Xiong Y, Li X, Wang X, Ma Y, Guo H, Hao L, Yao P, Liu L, Wang D, Yang X. Leucine facilitates the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells: involving mTORC1 and mTORC2. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1971-9. [PMID: 24806638 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, has been shown to promote glucose uptake and increase insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, but the exact mechanism remains unestablished. We addressed this issue in cultured skeletal muscle cells in this study. Our results showed that leucine alone did not have an effect on glucose uptake or phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), but facilitated the insulin-induced glucose uptake and AKT phosphorylation. The insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and AKT phosphorylation were inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, but the inhibition was partially reversed by leucine. The inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), rapamycin, had no effect on the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, but eliminated the facilitating effect of leucine in the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and AKT phosphorylation. In addition, leucine facilitation of the insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation was neutralized by knocking down the core component of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) with specific siRNA. Together, these findings show that leucine can facilitate the insulin-induced insulin signaling and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells through both mTORC1 and mTORC2, implicating the potential importance of this amino acid in glucose homeostasis and providing new mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
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Bhattacharya S, Granger CB, Craig D, Haynes C, Bain J, Stevens RD, Hauser ER, Newgard CB, Kraus WE, Newby LK, Shah SH. Validation of the association between a branched chain amino acid metabolite profile and extremes of coronary artery disease in patients referred for cardiac catheterization. Atherosclerosis 2013; 232:191-6. [PMID: 24401236 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate independent associations between branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and other metabolites with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We conducted mass-spectrometry-based profiling of 63 metabolites in fasting plasma from 1983 sequential patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Significant CAD was defined as CADindex ≥ 32 (at least one vessel with ≥ 95% stenosis; N = 995) and no CAD as CADindex ≤ 23 and no previous cardiac events (N = 610). Individuals (N = 378) with CAD severity between these extremes were excluded. Principal components analysis (PCA) reduced large numbers of correlated metabolites into uncorrelated factors. Association between metabolite factors and significant CAD vs. no CAD was tested using logistic regression; and between metabolite factors and severity of CAD was tested using linear regression. RESULTS Of twelve PCA-derived metabolite factors, two were associated with CAD in multivariable models: factor 10, composed of BCAA (adjusted odds ratio, OR, 1.20; 95% CI 1.05-1.35, p = 0.005) and factor 7, composed of short-chain acylcarnitines, which include byproducts of BCAA metabolism (adjusted OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.14-1.48, p = 0.001). After adjustment for glycated albumin (marker of insulin resistance [IR]) both factors 7 (p = 0.0001) and 10 (p = 0.004) remained associated with CAD. Severity of CAD as a continuous variable (including patients with non-obstructive disease) was associated with metabolite factors 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9; only factors 7 and 10 were associated in multivariable models. CONCLUSIONS We validated the independent association of metabolites involved in BCAA metabolism with CAD extremes. These metabolites may be reporting on novel mechanisms of CAD pathogenesis that are independent of IR and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Bhattacharya
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute of Molecular Physiology, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Christopher B Granger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Damian Craig
- Duke Institute of Molecular Physiology, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Carol Haynes
- Duke Institute of Molecular Physiology, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - James Bain
- Duke Institute of Molecular Physiology, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - L Kristin Newby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Svati H Shah
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute of Molecular Physiology, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
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Goldberg J, Daniel M, van Heuvel Y, Victor M, Beyer C, Clarner T, Kipp M. Short-Term Cuprizone Feeding Induces Selective Amino Acid Deprivation with Concomitant Activation of an Integrated Stress Response in Oligodendrocytes. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:1087-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kawaguchi T, Taniguchi E, Sata M. Effects of oral branched-chain amino acids on hepatic encephalopathy and outcome in patients with liver cirrhosis. Nutr Clin Pract 2013; 28:580-8. [PMID: 23945292 DOI: 10.1177/0884533613496432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) constituting of valine, leucine, and isoleucine act as both substrates of proteins and as key regulators for various nutrient metabolisms. Patients with liver cirrhosis frequently lack sufficient BCAAs and therefore suffer from various metabolic disorders. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe metabolic disorder with neurologic manifestations such as flapping tremors and coma in patients with liver cirrhosis. In addition, a mild form of HE known as minimal HE (MHE) is an important social issue because it occurs in up to 80% of patients with chronic liver disease and affects prognosis and activities of daily living, possibly resulting in falls and motor vehicle accidents. Although HE/MHE can be caused by various pathological conditions, including in an accumulation of mercaptans, short-chain fatty acids, and alterations in the gut flora, hyperammonemia has also been implicated in an important pathogenesis of HE/MHE. Besides urea cycle of liver, ammonia can be detoxified in the skeletal muscles by the amidation process for glutamine synthesis using BCAAs. Thus, BCAA supplementation may enhance detoxification of ammonia in skeletal muscle and may be a possible therapeutic strategy for HE/MHE. In this review, we summarize the clinical impacts of BCAA supplementation on HE/MHE and discuss possible mechanisms for a BCAA-induced improvement of HE/MHE. Furthermore, we present some modifications of oral BCAA therapy for improvement of efficacy in HE treatment. We also briefly describe pleiotropic benefits of BCAAs on life-threatening events and overall prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kawaguchi
- Takumi Kawaguchi, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
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Fernández-Fígares I, Nieto R, Aguilera JF, Lachica M. Changes in tissue free amino acid pools in growing chickens fed thermally treated vetch diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:318-27. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Fernández-Fígares
- Instituto de Nutrición Animal; Estación Experimental del Zaidín; CSIC; Armilla Spain
| | - R. Nieto
- Instituto de Nutrición Animal; Estación Experimental del Zaidín; CSIC; Armilla Spain
| | - J. F. Aguilera
- Instituto de Nutrición Animal; Estación Experimental del Zaidín; CSIC; Armilla Spain
| | - M. Lachica
- Instituto de Nutrición Animal; Estación Experimental del Zaidín; CSIC; Armilla Spain
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Identification of metabolic pathways influenced by the G-protein coupled receptors GprB and GprD in Aspergillus nidulans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62088. [PMID: 23658706 PMCID: PMC3641053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-protein-mediated signaling pathways play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling in eukaryotes. Our main aim was to identify signaling pathways regulated by A. nidulans GprB and GprD G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). When these two null mutant strains were compared to the wild-type strain, the ΔgprB mutant showed an increased protein kinase A (PKA) activity while growing in glucose 1% and during starvation. In contrast, the ΔgprD has a much lower PKA activity upon starvation. Transcriptomics and 1H NMR-based metabolomics were performed on two single null mutants grown on glucose. We noted modulation in the expression of 11 secondary metabolism gene clusters when the ΔgprB and ΔgprD mutant strains were grown in 1% glucose. Several members of the sterigmatocystin-aflatoxin gene cluster presented down-regulation in both mutant strains. The genes of the NR-PKS monodictyphenone biosynthesis cluster had overall increased mRNA accumulation in ΔgprB, while in the ΔgprD mutant strain the genes had decreased mRNA accumulation. Principal component analysis of the metabolomic data demonstrated that there was a significant metabolite shift in the ΔgprD strain. The 1H NMR analysis revealed significant expression of essential amino acids with elevated levels in the ΔgprD strain, compared to the wild-type and ΔgprB strains. With the results, we demonstrated the differential expression of a variety of genes related mainly to secondary metabolism, sexual development, stress signaling, and amino acid metabolism. We propose that the absence of GPCRs triggered stress responses at the genetic level. The data suggested an intimate relationship among different G-protein coupled receptors, fine-tune regulation of secondary and amino acid metabolisms, and fungal development.
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Morato PN, Lollo PCB, Moura CS, Batista TM, Carneiro EM, Amaya-Farfan J. A dipeptide and an amino acid present in whey protein hydrolysate increase translocation of GLUT-4 to the plasma membrane in Wistar rats. Food Chem 2013; 139:853-9. [PMID: 23561181 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) is capable of increasing muscle glycogen reserves and of concentrating the glucose transporter in the plasma membrane (PM). The objective of this study was to determine which WPH components could modulate translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT-4 to the PM of animal skeletal muscle. Forty-nine animals were divided into 7 groups (n=7) and received by oral gavage 30% glucose plus 0.55 g/kg body mass of the following WPH components: (a) control; (b) WPH; (c) L-isoleucine; (d) L-leucine; (e) L-leucine plus L-isoleucine; (f) L-isoleucyl-L-leucine dipeptide; (g) L-leucyl-L-isoleucine dipeptide. After receiving these solutions, the animals were sacrificed and the GLUT-4 analysed by western blot. Additionally, glycogen, glycaemia, insulin and free amino acids were also determined by standard methods. Of the WPH components tested, the amino acid L-isoleucine and the peptide L-leucyl-L-isoleucine showed greater efficiency in translocating GLUT-4 to the PM and of increasing glucose capture by skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Morato
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Uneyama H, Takeuchi K. New therapeutic strategy for amino acid medicine: preface. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:129-30. [PMID: 22293295 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11r07fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Uneyama
- Umami Wellness Research Group, Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Japan.
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