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Liu Y, Chen L, Lin L, Xu C, Xiong Y, Qiu H, Li X, Li S, Cao H. Unveiling the hidden pathways: Exploring astrocytes as a key target for depression therapy. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 174:101-113. [PMID: 38626560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Depressive disorders are widely debilitating psychiatric disease. Despite the considerable progress in the field of depression therapy, extensive research spanning many decades has failed to uncover pathogenic pathways that might aid in the creation of long-acting and rapid-acting antidepressants. Consequently, it is imperative to reconsider existing approaches and explore other targets to improve this area of study. In contemporary times, several scholarly investigations have unveiled that persons who have received a diagnosis of depression, as well as animal models employed to study depression, demonstrate a decrease in both the quantity as well as density of astrocytes, accompanied by alterations in gene expression and morphological attributes. Astrocytes rely on a diverse array of channels and receptors to facilitate their neurotransmitter transmission inside tripartite synapses. This study aimed to investigate the potential processes behind the development of depression, specifically focusing on astrocyte-associated neuroinflammation and the involvement of several molecular components such as connexin 43, potassium channel Kir4.1, aquaporin 4, glutamatergic aspartic acid transporter protein, SLC1A2 or GLT-1, glucocorticoid receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B, and autophagy, that localized on the surface of astrocytes. The study also explores novel approaches in the treatment of depression, with a focus on astrocytes, offering innovative perspectives on potential antidepressant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Scientific Research Management Department, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Caijuan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Yifan Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Huiwen Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Sixin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
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Cui L, Li S, Wang S, Wu X, Liu Y, Yu W, Wang Y, Tang Y, Xia M, Li B. Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:30. [PMID: 38331979 PMCID: PMC10853571 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing annually, resulting in greater economic and social burdens. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the effects of pharmacological treatments for MDD are complex and unclear, and additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MDD still are needed. The currently widely accepted theories of MDD pathogenesis include the neurotransmitter and receptor hypothesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hypothesis, cytokine hypothesis, neuroplasticity hypothesis and systemic influence hypothesis, but these hypothesis cannot completely explain the pathological mechanism of MDD. Even it is still hard to adopt only one hypothesis to completely reveal the pathogenesis of MDD, thus in recent years, great progress has been made in elucidating the roles of multiple organ interactions in the pathogenesis MDD and identifying novel therapeutic approaches and multitarget modulatory strategies, further revealing the disease features of MDD. Furthermore, some newly discovered potential pharmacological targets and newly studied antidepressants have attracted widespread attention, some reagents have even been approved for clinical treatment and some novel therapeutic methods such as phototherapy and acupuncture have been discovered to have effective improvement for the depressive symptoms. In this work, we comprehensively summarize the latest research on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of MDD, preventive approaches and therapeutic medicines, as well as the related clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cui
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Siman Wang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiafang Wu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiyang Yu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education/School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Maosheng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Baoman Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China.
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China.
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3
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Jing D, Hou X, Guo X, Zhao X, Zhang K, Zhang J, Kan C, Han F, Liu J, Sun X. Astrocytes in Post-Stroke Depression: Roles in Inflammation, Neurotransmission, and Neurotrophin Signaling. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3301-3313. [PMID: 37470888 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01386-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a frequent and disabling complication of stroke that affects up to one-third of stroke survivors. The pathophysiology of PSD involves multiple mechanisms, including neurochemical, neuroinflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroplastic changes. Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that is plentiful and adaptable in the central nervous system. They play key roles in various mechanisms by modulating neurotransmission, inflammation, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. This review summarizes the latest evidence of astrocyte involvement in PSD from human and animal studies, focusing on the alterations of astrocyte markers and functions in relation to monoamine neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glutamate excitotoxicity. We also discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting astrocytes for PSD prevention and treatment. Astrocytes could be new candidates for antidepressant medications and other interventions that aim to restore astrocyte homeostasis and function in PSD. Astrocytes could be new candidates for antidepressant medications and other interventions that aim to restore astrocyte homeostasis and function in PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Jing
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of General Practice, Weifang Sixth People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China.
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4
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Kot M, Neglur PK, Pietraszewska A, Buzanska L. Boosting Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus Using Antidepressants and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203234. [PMID: 36291101 PMCID: PMC9600461 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the few privileged regions (neural stem cell niche) of the brain, where neural stem cells differentiate into new neurons throughout adulthood. However, dysregulation of hippocampal neurogenesis with aging, injury, depression and neurodegenerative disease leads to debilitating cognitive impacts. These debilitating symptoms deteriorate the quality of life in the afflicted individuals. Impaired hippocampal neurogenesis is especially difficult to rescue with increasing age and neurodegeneration. However, the potential to boost endogenous Wnt signaling by influencing pathway modulators such as receptors, agonists, and antagonists through drug and cell therapy-based interventions offers hope. Restoration and augmentation of hampered Wnt signaling to facilitate increased hippocampal neurogenesis would serve as an endogenous repair mechanism and contribute to hippocampal structural and functional plasticity. This review focuses on the possible interaction between neurogenesis and Wnt signaling under the control of antidepressants and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to overcome debilitating symptoms caused by age, diseases, or environmental factors such as stress. It will also address some current limitations hindering the direct extrapolation of research from animal models to human application, and the technical challenges associated with the MSCs and their cellular products as potential therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kot
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-60-86-563
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5
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Machado-Santos AR, Loureiro-Campos E, Patrício P, Araújo B, Alves ND, Mateus-Pinheiro A, Correia JS, Morais M, Bessa JM, Sousa N, Rodrigues AJ, Oliveira JF, Pinto L. Beyond New Neurons in the Adult Hippocampus: Imipramine Acts as a Pro-Astrogliogenic Factor and Rescues Cognitive Impairments Induced by Stress Exposure. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030390. [PMID: 35159199 PMCID: PMC8834148 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent, socially burdensome disease. Different studies have demonstrated the important role of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of depression as modulators of neurotransmission and neurovascular coupling. This is evidenced by astrocyte impairments observed in brains of depressed patients and the appearance of depressive-like behaviors upon astrocytic dysfunctions in animal models. However, little is known about the importance of de novo generated astrocytes in the mammalian brain and in particular its possible involvement in the precipitation of depression and in the therapeutic actions of current antidepressants (ADs). Therefore, we studied the modulation of astrocytes and adult astrogliogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of rats exposed to an unpredictable chronic mild stress (uCMS) protocol, untreated and treated for two weeks with antidepressants—fluoxetine and imipramine. Our results show that adult astrogliogenesis in the DG is modulated by stress and imipramine. This study reveals that distinct classes of ADs impact differently in the astrogliogenic process, showing different cellular mechanisms relevant to the recovery from behavioral deficits induced by chronic stress exposure. As such, in addition to those resident, the newborn astrocytes in the hippocampal DG might also be promising therapeutic targets for future therapies in the neuropsychiatric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Machado-Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Loureiro-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dinis Alves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António Mateus-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Sofia Correia
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mónica Morais
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João M Bessa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana J Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Filipe Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- IPCA-EST-2Ai, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Applied Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Campus of IPCA, 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Porter GA, O’Connor JC. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammation in depression: Pathogenic partners in crime? World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:77-97. [PMID: 35111580 PMCID: PMC8783167 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a debilitating disorder affecting millions of people each year. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammation are two prominent biologic risk factors in the pathogenesis of depression that have received considerable attention. Many clinical and animal studies have highlighted associations between low levels of BDNF or high levels of inflammatory markers and the development of behavioral symptoms of depression. However, less is known about potential interaction between BDNF and inflammation, particularly within the central nervous system. Emerging evidence suggests that there is bidirectional regulation between these factors with important implications for the development of depressive symptoms and anti-depressant response. Elevated levels of inflammatory mediators have been shown to reduce expression of BDNF, and BDNF may play an important negative regulatory role on inflammation within the brain. Understanding this interaction more fully within the context of neuropsychiatric disease is important for both developing a fuller understanding of biological pathogenesis of depression and for identifying novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we review these two prominent risk factors for depression with a particular focus on pathogenic implications of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Porter
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Jason C O’Connor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
- Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health System, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
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Stenovec M, Li B, Verkhratsky A, Zorec R. Ketamine Action on Astrocytes Provides New Insights into Rapid Antidepressant Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 26:349-365. [PMID: 34888841 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, exerts rapid, potent and long-lasting antidepressant effect already after a single administration of a low dose into depressed individuals. Apart from targeting neuronal NMDARs essential for synaptic transmission, ketamine also interacts with astrocytes, the principal homoeostatic cells of the central nervous system. The cellular mechanisms underlying astrocyte-based rapid antidepressant effect are incompletely understood. Here we overview recent data that describe ketamine-dependent changes in astrocyte cytosolic cAMP activity ([cAMP]i) and ketamine-induced modifications of stimulus-evoked Ca2+ signalling. The latter regulates exocytotic release of gliosignalling molecules and stabilizes the vesicle fusion pore in a narrow configuration that obstructs cargo discharge or vesicle membrane recycling. Ketamine also instigates rapid redistribution of cholesterol in the astrocyte plasmalemma that may alter flux of cholesterol to neurones, where it is required for changes in synaptic plasticity. Finally, ketamine attenuates mobility of vesicles carrying the inward rectifying potassium channel (Kir4.1) and reduces the surface density of Kir4.1 channels that control extracellular K+ concentration, which tunes the pattern of action potential firing in neurones of lateral habenula as demonstrated in a rat model of depression. Thus, diverse, but not mutually exclusive, mechanisms act synergistically to evoke changes in synaptic plasticity leading to sustained strengthening of excitatory synapses necessary for rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Stenovec
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Baoman Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Poison Analysis, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Robert Zorec
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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McCallum RT, Perreault ML. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Focal Point for Advancing Pathogenic Inflammation in Depression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092270. [PMID: 34571919 PMCID: PMC8470361 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the host immune response has a monumental role in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), motivating the development of the inflammatory hypothesis of depression. Central to the involvement of chronic inflammation in MDD is a wide range of signaling deficits induced by the excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and imbalanced T cell differentiation. Such signaling deficits include the glutamatergic, cholinergic, insulin, and neurotrophin systems, which work in concert to initiate and advance the neuropathology. Fundamental to the communication between such systems is the protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a multifaceted protein critically linked to the etiology of MDD and an emerging target to treat pathogenic inflammation. Here, a consolidated overview of the widespread multi-system involvement of GSK-3 in contributing to the neuropathology of MDD will be discussed, with the feed-forward mechanistic links between all major neuronal signaling pathways highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T. McCallum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Melissa L. Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 52013)
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9
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Ketamine Alters Functional Plasticity of Astroglia: An Implication for Antidepressant Effect. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060573. [PMID: 34204579 PMCID: PMC8234122 DOI: 10.3390/life11060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive N–methyl–d–aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, exerts a rapid, potent and long-lasting antidepressant effect, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this action are yet to be clarified. In addition to targeting neuronal NMDARs fundamental for synaptic transmission, ketamine also affects the function of astrocytes, the key homeostatic cells of the central nervous system that contribute to pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. Here, I review studies revealing that (sub)anesthetic doses of ketamine elevate intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP]i) in astrocytes, attenuate stimulus-evoked astrocyte calcium signaling, which regulates exocytotic secretion of gliosignaling molecules, and stabilize the vesicle fusion pore in a narrow configuration, possibly hindering cargo discharge or vesicle recycling. Next, I discuss how ketamine affects astrocyte capacity to control extracellular K+ by reducing vesicular delivery of the inward rectifying potassium channel (Kir4.1) to the plasmalemma that reduces the surface density of Kir4.1. Modified astroglial K+ buffering impacts upon neuronal firing pattern as demonstrated in lateral habenula in a rat model of depression. Finally, I highlight the discovery that ketamine rapidly redistributes cholesterol in the astrocyte plasmalemma, which may alter the flux of cholesterol to neurons. This structural modification may further modulate a host of processes that synergistically contribute to ketamine’s rapid antidepressant action.
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Javadpour P, Askari S, Rashidi FS, Dargahi L, Ahmadiani A, Ghasemi R. Imipramine alleviates memory impairment and hippocampal apoptosis in STZ-induced sporadic Alzheimer's rat model: Possible contribution of MAPKs and insulin signaling. Behav Brain Res 2021; 408:113260. [PMID: 33775777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with several pathophysiological complaints. Impaired insulin signaling in the brain, is one of the important characteristic features of AD which is accompanied by cognitive deficits. According to the multifactorial and complicated pathology of AD, no modifying therapy has been approved yet. Imipramine is a kind of tricyclic antidepressant with reported anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects in the brain. There are controversial studies about the effect of this drug on spatial memory. This study investigates the effect of imipramine on streptozotocin (STZ) induced memory impairment in rats. Pursuing this objective, rats were treated with imipramine 10 or 20 mg/kg i.p. once a day for 14 days. 24 h after the last injection, memory function was evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test in 4 consecutive days. Then, hippocampi were removed and the activity of caspase-3, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family and inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1ser307) were analyzed using Western blotting. Results showed that imipramine prevents memory impairment in STZ induced rats and this improvement was accompanied with an increase in ERK activity, reduction of caspase-3 and JNK activity, as well as partial restoration of P38 and IRS-1 activity. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that at least some members of the MAPK family are involved in the neuroprotective effect of imipramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Javadpour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Askari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Rashidi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Achour M, Ben Salem I, Ferdousi F, Nouira M, Ben Fredj M, Mtiraoui A, Isoda H, Saguem S. Rosemary Tea Consumption Alters Peripheral Anxiety and Depression Biomarkers: A Pilot Study in Limited Healthy Volunteers. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:240-249. [PMID: 33565922 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1873871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Rosmarinus officinalis L.is traditionally used as an infusion in the treatment of several diseases and in particular against neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. It was established that rosemary extracts show an antidepressant effect on animal models. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no scientific data that highlights the therapeutic effects of rosemary intake on human mental health.Aim:This study investigated whether rosemary tea consumption affects the plasma levels of anxiety and depression biomarkers in healthy volunteers.Methods:Twenty-two healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 50 years old consumed rosemary tea prepared from 5 g of dried rosemary in 100 mL boiled water once a day for 10 days. Plasma concentrations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Interleukine-6 (IL-6), Interleukine-4 (IL-4), Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF-α), Interferon-gamma (IFNϒ), and cortisol were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial ELISA kits (R&D systems) before rosemary consumption and at the end of the experiment.Results:Rosemary tea consumption significantly increased the concentration of BDNF([BDNF]D0 = 22363.86 ± 12987.66 pg/mL, [BDNF]D10 = 41803.64 ± 28109.19, p = 0.006) and TNF-α([TNF-α] D0 = 39.49 ± 14.44 pg/mL, [TNF-α] D10 = 56.24 ± 39.01, p = 0.016). However, a slight variation that was statistically non-significant in INFϒ, cortisol, IL-4, IL-6 levels and in the ratio IL-4/INFϒ was observed (p > 0.05).Conclusion:Our findings highlight the promising anxiolytic and/or antidepressant effects of rosemary tea consumption in healthy volunteers since it increases the level of the most reliable depression biomarker BDNF. However, more powerful studies with larger sample size, carefully-chosen target population and, an extended intervention period are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Achour
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology (LR12ES02), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Intidhar Ben Salem
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Manel Nouira
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology (LR12ES02), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Maha Ben Fredj
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology (LR12ES02), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ali Mtiraoui
- Research laboratory 'LR12ES03', Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saad Saguem
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology (LR12ES02), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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12
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Nikolac Perkovic M, Sagud M, Tudor L, Konjevod M, Svob Strac D, Pivac N. A Load to Find Clinically Useful Biomarkers for Depression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:175-202. [PMID: 33834401 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is heterogeneous and complex disease with diverse symptoms. Its neurobiological underpinning is still not completely understood. For now, there are still no validated, easy obtainable, clinically useful noninvasive biomarker(s) or biomarker panel that will be able to confirm a diagnosis of depression, its subtypes and improve diagnostic procedures. Future multimodal preclinical and clinical research that involves (epi)genetic, molecular, cellular, imaging, and other studies is necessary to advance our understanding of the role of monoamines, GABA, HPA axis, neurotrophins, metabolome, and glycome in the pathogenesis of depression and their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment response biomarkers. These studies should be focused to include the first-episode depression and antidepressant drug-naïve patients with large sample sizes to reduce variability in different biological and clinical parameters. At present, metabolomics study revealed with high precision that a neurometabolite panel consisting of plasma metabolite biomarkers (GABA, dopamine, tyramine, kynurenine) might represent clinically useful biomarkers of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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13
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Kinboshi M, Ikeda A, Ohno Y. Role of Astrocytic Inwardly Rectifying Potassium (Kir) 4.1 Channels in Epileptogenesis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:626658. [PMID: 33424762 PMCID: PMC7786246 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.626658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes regulate potassium and glutamate homeostasis via inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 4.1 channels in synapses, maintaining normal neural excitability. Numerous studies have shown that dysfunction of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels is involved in epileptogenesis in humans and animal models of epilepsy. Specifically, Kir4.1 channel inhibition by KCNJ10 gene mutation or expressional down-regulation increases the extracellular levels of potassium ions and glutamate in synapses and causes hyperexcitation of neurons. Moreover, recent investigations demonstrated that inhibition of Kir4.1 channels facilitates the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an important modulator of epileptogenesis, in astrocytes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on the role of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels in epileptogenesis, with a focus on functional and expressional changes in Kir4.1 channels and their regulation of BDNF secretion. We also discuss the potential of Kir4.1 channels as a therapeutic target for the prevention of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kinboshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan.,Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohno
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
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14
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Lee YJ, Kim HR, Lee CY, Hyun SA, Ko MY, Lee BS, Hwang DY, Ka M. 2-Phenylethylamine (PEA) Ameliorates Corticosterone-Induced Depression-Like Phenotype via the BDNF/TrkB/CREB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239103. [PMID: 33265983 PMCID: PMC7729630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious medical illness that is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. Corticosterone (CORT) increases depression-like behavior, with some effects on anxiety-like behavior. 2-Phenethylamine (PEA) is a monoamine alkaloid that acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans. Here, we show that PEA exerts antidepressant effects by modulating the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway in CORT-induced depression. To investigate the potential effects of PEA on CORT-induced depression, we first treated CORT (50 μM)-induced hippocampal neurons with 100 μM PEA for 24 h. We found that treatment with CORT altered dendritic spine architecture; however, treatment with PEA rescued dendritic spine formation via regulation of BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling. Next, we used a mouse model of CORT-induced depression. Mice were treated with CORT (20 mg/kg) for 21 days, followed by assessments of a battery of depression-like behaviors. During the final four days of CORT exposure, the mice were treated with PEA (50 mg/kg). We found that CORT injection promoted depression-like behavior and significantly decreased BDNF and TrkB expression in the hippocampus. However, treatment with PEA significantly ameliorated the behavioral and biochemical changes induced by CORT. Our findings reveal that PEA exerts antidepressant effects by modulating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway in a mouse model of CORT-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ju Lee
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Group, Convergence Toxicology Research Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (H.R.K.); (C.Y.L.); (S.-A.H.); (M.Y.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Hye Ryeong Kim
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Group, Convergence Toxicology Research Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (H.R.K.); (C.Y.L.); (S.-A.H.); (M.Y.K.)
- Laboratory Animal Center, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 61062, Korea
| | - Chang Youn Lee
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Group, Convergence Toxicology Research Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (H.R.K.); (C.Y.L.); (S.-A.H.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Sung-Ae Hyun
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Group, Convergence Toxicology Research Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (H.R.K.); (C.Y.L.); (S.-A.H.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Moon Yi Ko
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Group, Convergence Toxicology Research Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (H.R.K.); (C.Y.L.); (S.-A.H.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Minhan Ka
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Group, Convergence Toxicology Research Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (H.R.K.); (C.Y.L.); (S.-A.H.); (M.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-610-8095; Fax: +82-42-610-8252
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15
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Srivastava P, Bungau S. Unfolding the Role of BDNF as a Biomarker for Treatment of Depression. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:2008-2021. [PMID: 33230708 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a well-known disabling mental illness characterized by sadness, loss of interest in activities, and decreased energy. The symptoms of depression are usually recurrent in vulnerable individuals, and persistence of symptoms significantly impairs individuals' quality of life. The exact pathophysiology of depression remains ambiguous, though many hypotheses have been proposed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently been reported to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of depression. BDNF is an important neurotrophic factor found in the human brain and is involved in neuronal growth and proliferation, synaptic neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity. The neurotrophic theory of depression proposes that depression results from reduced BDNF levels in the brain, which can be treated with antidepressants to alleviate depressive behavior and increase BDNF levels. The aim of this review is to provide broad insight into the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and in antidepressant therapy. The studies mentioned in this review article greatly support the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and treatment of this disorder with antidepressants. Since abnormalities in BDNF levels lead to the production of diverse insults that amplify the development or progression of depression, it is important to study and explore BDNF impairment in relation to depression, neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis, and increasing BDNF levels through antidepressant therapy, showing positive response in the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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16
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Stenovec M, Li B, Verkhratsky A, Zorec R. Astrocytes in rapid ketamine antidepressant action. Neuropharmacology 2020; 173:108158. [PMID: 32464133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a general anaesthetic and psychotomimetic drug, exerts rapid, potent and long-lasting antidepressant effect, albeit the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this action are yet to be discovered. Besides targeting neuronal NMDARs fundamental for synaptic transmission, ketamine affects the function of astroglia the key homeostatic cells of the central nervous system that contribute to pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases including depression. Here we review studies revealing that (sub)anaesthetic doses of ketamine elevate intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP]i) in astrocytes, attenuate stimulus-evoked astrocyte calcium signalling, which regulates exocytotic secretion of gliosignalling molecules, and stabilize the vesicle fusion pore in a narrow configuration possibly hindering cargo discharge or vesicle recycling. Next we discuss how ketamine affects astroglial capacity to control extracellular K+ by reducing cytoplasmic mobility of vesicles delivering the inward rectifying potassium channel (Kir4.1) to the plasmalemma. Modified astroglial K+ buffering impacts upon neuronal excitability as demonstrated in the lateral habenula rat model of depression. Finally, we highlight the recent discovery that ketamine rapidly redistributes cholesterol in the plasmalemma of astrocytes, but not in fibroblasts nor in neuronal cells. This alteration of membrane structure may modulate a host of processes that synergistically contribute to ketamine's rapid and prominent antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Stenovec
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Baoman Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Poison Analysis, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Robert Zorec
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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17
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Jin Y, Sun LH, Yang W, Cui RJ, Xu SB. The Role of BDNF in the Neuroimmune Axis Regulation of Mood Disorders. Front Neurol 2019; 10:515. [PMID: 31231295 PMCID: PMC6559010 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmune system plays a crucial role in the regulation of mood disorders. Moreover, recent studies show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, is a key regulator in the neuroimmune axis. However, the potential mechanism of BDNF action in the neuroimmune axis' regulation of mood disorders remains unclear. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent progress of BDNF in influencing mood disorders, by participating in alterations of the neuroimmune axis. This may provide evidence for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Hua Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ran Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Song Bai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Wang Y, Liu B, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Miao Z, Zhu J. Metformin exerts antidepressant effects by regulated DNA hydroxymethylation. Epigenomics 2019; 11:655-667. [PMID: 30760033 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aim to study the antidepressant mechanism of metformin. Materials & methods: Tail suspension test and forced swimming test were used to detect the depression-like behavior; the expressions of target protein were examined by western blot; the levels of target genes were tested by quantitative PCR; the content of α-ketoglutarate and 5hmC were detected by ELISA kit. Results: We showed that metformin can improve the depression-like behavior in spatial restraint stress model; then we found that metformin through AMPK/Tet2 pathway increasing the expression of BDNF to antidepression. Conclusion: Our study provided evidences that metformin plays a role of antidepressant effects through the AMPK/Tet2/BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Fahim AT, Abd El-Fattah AA, Sadik NAH, Ali BM. Resveratrol and dimethyl fumarate ameliorate testicular dysfunction caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 665:152-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Zhou Z, Ikegaya Y, Koyama R. The Astrocytic cAMP Pathway in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E779. [PMID: 30759771 PMCID: PMC6386894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are major glial cells that play critical roles in brain homeostasis. Abnormalities in astrocytic functions can lead to brain disorders. Astrocytes also respond to injury and disease through gliosis and immune activation, which can be both protective and detrimental. Thus, it is essential to elucidate the function of astrocytes in order to understand the physiology of the brain to develop therapeutic strategies against brain diseases. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a major second messenger that triggers various downstream cellular machinery in a wide variety of cells. The functions of astrocytes have also been suggested as being regulated by cAMP. Here, we summarize the possible roles of cAMP signaling in regulating the functions of astrocytes. Specifically, we introduce the ways in which cAMP pathways are involved in astrocyte functions, including (1) energy supply, (2) maintenance of the extracellular environment, (3) immune response, and (4) a potential role as a provider of trophic factors, and we discuss how these cAMP-regulated processes can affect brain functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhou
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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21
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Abd El-Fattah AA, Fahim AT, Sadik NAH, Ali BM. Resveratrol and dimethyl fumarate ameliorate depression-like behaviour in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Brain Res 2018; 1701:227-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Mondal AC, Fatima M. Direct and indirect evidences of BDNF and NGF as key modulators in depression: role of antidepressants treatment. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:283-296. [PMID: 30235967 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1527328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression is one of the most prevalent, recurrent and life-threatening mental illnesses. However, the precise mechanism underlying the disorder is not yet clearly understood. It is therefore, essential to identify the novel biomarkers which may help in the development of effective treatment. METHODS In this milieu, the profile of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were considered as biomarkers in the light of pathophysiology of depression and its treatment. RESULTS Previously, we have reported that BDNF level in the postmortem brain of suicide victims was significantly lower than those of normal controls. We also found decreased BDNF levels in the specific brain regions of the learned helplessness model of depression in rat, and was found to increase normal level following chronic fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment. NGF is another important member of neurotrophin, which is dysregulated in the pathophysiology of depression in some models of peripheral nerve damage and stress. The results shown evidences of the effect of antidepressants on modulating depression via the NGF in preclinical and clinical models of depression, but conflicted, therefore make it currently difficult to affirm the therapeutic role of antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS Here, we review some of the preclinical and clinical studies aimed at disclosing the role of BDNF and NGF mediated pathophysiological mechanisms of depression and the new therapeutic approaches targeting those key molecules. In addition, an important link between BDNF, NGF and depression has been discussed in the light of current existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Chandra Mondal
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology , School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
| | - Mahino Fatima
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology , School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
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23
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Ohno Y, Kinboshi M, Shimizu S. Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channel Kir4.1 as a Novel Modulator of BDNF Expression in Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113313. [PMID: 30356026 PMCID: PMC6274740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key molecule essential for neural plasticity and development, and is implicated in the pathophysiology of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. It is now documented that BDNF is synthesized not only in neurons, but also in astrocytes which actively regulate neuronal activities by forming tripartite synapses. Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channel subunit Kir4.1, which is specifically expressed in astrocytes, constructs Kir4.1 and Kir4.1/5.1 channels, and mediates the spatial potassium (K+) buffering action of astrocytes. Recent evidence illustrates that Kir4.1 channels play important roles in bringing about the actions of antidepressant drugs and modulating BDNF expression in astrocytes. Although the precise mechanisms remain to be clarified, it seems likely that inhibition (down-regulation or blockade) of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels attenuates K+ buffering, increases neuronal excitability by elevating extracellular K+ and glutamate, and facilitates BDNF expression. Conversely, activation (up-regulation or opening) of Kir4.1 channels reduces neuronal excitability by lowering extracellular K+ and glutamate, and attenuates BDNF expression. Particularly, the former pathophysiological alterations seem to be important in epileptogenesis and pain sensitization, and the latter in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. In this article, we review the functions of Kir4.1 channels, with a focus on their regulation of spatial K+ buffering and BDNF expression in astrocytes, and discuss the role of the astrocytic Kir4.1-BDNF system in modulating CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Ohno
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Masato Kinboshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Saki Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Marathe SV, D'almeida PL, Virmani G, Bathini P, Alberi L. Effects of Monoamines and Antidepressants on Astrocyte Physiology: Implications for Monoamine Hypothesis of Depression. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518789149. [PMID: 30046253 PMCID: PMC6056786 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518789149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric
disorders affecting over one-fifth of the population worldwide. Owing to our
limited understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD, the quest for finding novel
antidepressant drug targets is severely impeded. Monoamine hypothesis of MDD
provides a robust theoretical framework, forming the core of a large jigsaw
puzzle, around which we must look for the vital missing pieces. Growing evidence
suggests that the glial loss observed in key regions of the limbic system in
depressed patients, at least partly, accounts for the structural and cognitive
manifestations of MDD. Studies in animal models have subsequently hinted at the
possibility that the glial atrophy may play a causative role in the
precipitation of depressive symptoms. Antidepressants as well as monoamine
neurotransmitters exert profound effects on the gene expression and metabolism
in astrocytes. This raises an intriguing possibility that the astrocytes may
play a central role alongside neurons in the behavioral effects of
antidepressant drugs. In this article, we discuss the gene expression and
metabolic changes brought about by antidepressants in astrocytes, which could be
of relevance to synaptic plasticity and behavioral effects of antidepressant
treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Garima Virmani
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Praveen Bathini
- Department of Medicine University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health SA (SICHH), Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lavinia Alberi
- Department of Medicine University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health SA (SICHH), Fribourg, Switzerland
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25
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Astrocytes activation contributes to the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine but not scopolamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 170:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Singh H, Wray N, Schappi JM, Rasenick MM. Disruption of lipid-raft localized Gα s/tubulin complexes by antidepressants: a unique feature of HDAC6 inhibitors, SSRI and tricyclic compounds. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1481-1491. [PMID: 29463911 PMCID: PMC5983546 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Current antidepressant therapies meet with variable therapeutic success and there is increasing interest in therapeutic approaches not based on monoamine signaling. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which also deacetylates α-tubulin shows altered expression in mood disorders and HDAC6 knockout mice mimic traditional antidepressant treatments. Nonetheless, a mechanistic understanding for HDAC6 inhibitors in the treatment of depression remains elusive. Previously, we have shown that sustained treatment of rats or glioma cells with several antidepressants translocates Gαs from lipid rafts toward increased association with adenylyl cyclase (AC). Concomitant with this is a sustained increase in cAMP production. While Gαs modifies microtubule dynamics, tubulin also acts as an anchor for Gαs in lipid-rafts. Since HDAC-6 inhibitors potentiate α-tubulin acetylation, we hypothesize that acetylation of α-tubulin disrupts tubulin-Gαs raft-anchoring, rendering Gαs free to activate AC. To test this, C6 Glioma (C6) cells were treated with the HDAC-6 inhibitor, tubastatin-A. Chronic treatment with tubastatin-A not only increased α-tubulin acetylation but also translocated Gαs from lipid-rafts, without changing total Gαs. Reciprocally, depletion of α-tubulin acetyl-transferase-1 ablated this phenomenon. While escitalopram and imipramine also disrupt Gαs/tubulin complexes and translocate Gαs from rafts, they evoke no change in tubulin acetylation. Finally, two indicators of downstream cAMP signaling, cAMP response element binding protein phosphorylation (pCREB) and expression of brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF) were both elevated by tubastatin-A. These findings suggest HDAC6 inhibitors show a cellular profile resembling traditional antidepressants, but have a distinct mode of action. They also reinforce the validity of antidepressant-induced Gαs translocation from lipid-rafts as a biosignature for antidepressant response that may be useful in the development of new antidepressant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder Singh
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Nathan Wray
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Schappi
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Mark M. Rasenick
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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27
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Beyond good and evil: A putative continuum-sorting hypothesis for the functional role of proBDNF/BDNF-propeptide/mBDNF in antidepressant treatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:70-83. [PMID: 29626490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder are assumed to be maladaptive responses to stress and antidepressants are thought to counteract such responses by increasing BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels. BDNF acts through TrkB (tropomyosin-related receptor kinase B) and plays a central role in neuroplasticity. In contrast, both precursor proBDNF and BDNF propeptide (another metabolic product from proBDNF cleavage) have a high affinity to p75 receptor (p75R) and usually convey apoptosis and neuronal shrinkage. Although BDNF and proBDNF/propeptide apparently act in opposite ways, neuronal turnover and remodeling might be a final common way that both act to promote more effective neuronal networking, avoiding neuronal redundancy and the misleading effects of environmental contingencies. This review aims to provide a brief overview about the BDNF functional role in antidepressant action and about p75R and TrkB signaling to introduce the "continuum-sorting hypothesis." The resulting hypothesis suggests that both BDNF/proBDNF and BDNF/propeptide act as protagonists to fine-tune antidepressant-dependent neuroplasticity in crucial brain structures to modulate behavioral responses to stress.
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Gałecka E, Talarowska M, Maes M, Su KP, Górski P, Kumor-Kisielewska A, Szemraj J. Expression levels of interferon-ɣ and type 2 deiodinase in patients diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:133-138. [PMID: 29367100 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones (TH) are involved in modulation of the immune system and inflammation. TH dysregulation is associated with depressive disorders. The iodothyronine deiodinases (DIOs), the key enzymes for TH synthesis, can be affected and induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. We aimed to investigate the levels of and correlation between type 2 DIO (DIO2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-ɣ) in patients with recurrent depressive disorders (rDD). METHODS Data from 91 rDD patients and 105 healthy controls were analyzed. The diagnoses are based on the ICD-10 criteria (F33.0-F33.8). Expression levels of DIO2 and IFN-ɣ were estimated using the method based on the polymerase chain reaction and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The DIO2 expression on mRNA/protein levels in rDD patients (both female and males) was reduced as compared with the control subjects. No correlation between DIO2 and IFN-ɣ expression was observed. CONCLUSION This is the first study to reveal that one may cautiously suggest that DIO2 may be involved in the development and/or progression of rDD. The mechanisms of TH regulation on depression, however, need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Gałecka
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Paweł Górski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
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29
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Xu Y, Ma L, Jiang W, Li Y, Wang G, Li R. Study of Sex Differences in Duloxetine Efficacy for Depression in Transgenic Mouse Models. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:344. [PMID: 29163055 PMCID: PMC5671501 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidences show sex differences in risk of developing depressive disorders as well as effect of antidepressants in depression treatment. However, whether such a sex-dependent risk of depression and efficacy of antidepressants is dependent on endogenous estrogen level remain elusive. The aim of this study is to explore the molecular mechanisms of sex differences in antidepressant duloxetine. In the present study, we used genetic knockout or overexpression estrogen-synthesizing enzyme aromatase (Ar) gene as models for endogenous estrogen deficiency and elevation endogenous estrogen, respectively, to examine the anti-depressive efficacy of duloxetine in males and females by force swimming test (FST). We also measured the sex-specific effect of duloxetine on dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) metabolisms in frontal cortex and hippocampus (HPC). Elevation of brain endogenous estrogen in male and female mice showed a reduction of immobility time in FST compared to control mice. Estrogen deficiency in females showed poor response to duloxetine treatment compared to sex-matched wildtype (WT) or aromatase transgenic mice. In contrast, male mice with estrogen deficiency showed same anti-depressive response to duloxetine treatments as aromatase transgenic mice. Our data showed that the sex different effect of endogenous estrogen on duloxetine-induced anti-depressive behavioral change is associated with brain region-specific changes of dopamine (DA) and 5-HT system. Endogenous estrogen exerts antidepressant effects in both males and females. Lacking of endogenous estrogen reduced antidepressive effect of duloxetine in females only. The endogenous estrogen level alters 5-HT system in female mainly, while both DA and 5-HT metabolisms were regulated by endogenous estrogen levels after duloxetine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ma
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rena Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
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30
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Singhal G, Baune BT. Microglia: An Interface between the Loss of Neuroplasticity and Depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:270. [PMID: 28943841 PMCID: PMC5596091 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has been widely accepted as a major psychiatric disease affecting nearly 350 million people worldwide. Research focus is now shifting from studying the extrinsic and social factors of depression to the underlying molecular causes. Microglial activity is shown to be associated with pathological conditions, such as psychological stress, pathological aging, and chronic infections. These are primary immune effector cells in the CNS and regulate the extensive dialogue between the nervous and the immune systems in response to different immunological, physiological, and psychological stressors. Studies have suggested that during stress and pathologies, microglia play a significant role in the disruption of neuroplasticity and have detrimental effects on neuroprotection causing neuroinflammation and exacerbation of depression. After a systematic search of literature databases, relevant articles on the microglial regulation of bidirectional neuroimmune pathways affecting neuroplasticity and leading to depression were reviewed. Although, several hypotheses have been proposed for the microglial role in the onset of depression, it is clear that all molecular pathways to depression are linked through microglia-associated neuroinflammation and hippocampal degeneration. Molecular factors such as an excess of glucocorticoids and changes in gene expression of neurotrophic factors, as well as neuro active substances secreted by gut microbiota have also been shown to affect microglial morphology and phenotype resulting in depression. This review aims to critically analyze the various molecular pathways associated with the microglial role in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Lab, Discipline of Psychiatry, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
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31
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Nishibori N, Kishibuchi R, Her S, Lee MS, Morita K. Lotus Root Extract Stimulates BDNF Gene Expression Through Potential Mechanism Depending on HO-1 Activity in C6 Glioma Cells. J Diet Suppl 2017; 15:11-23. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1310782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyoshi Nishibori
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Shikoku Junior College, Ohjin, Tokushima, Japan
- Life Science Research Group, Shikoku University School of Health Sciences, Ohjin, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Reina Kishibuchi
- Life Science Research Group, Shikoku University School of Health Sciences, Ohjin, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Song Her
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Lee
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoji Morita
- Life Science Research Group, Shikoku University School of Health Sciences, Ohjin, Tokushima, Japan
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32
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Wang Q, Jie W, Liu JH, Yang JM, Gao TM. An astroglial basis of major depressive disorder? An overview. Glia 2017; 65:1227-1250. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Wei Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Jian-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
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Morita K, Nishibori N, Kishibuchi R, Itoh M, Horie Y, Nemoto H. Fermented Brown Rice Extract Stimulates BDNF Gene Transcription in C6 Glioma Cells: Possible Connection with HO-1 Expression. J Diet Suppl 2016; 14:214-228. [PMID: 27560964 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1207743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fermented brown rice with Aspergillus oryzae, designated as FBRA, is known to be commercially available dietary fiber-rich food, which is appreciated as prebiotics to improve intestinal microflora, and also shown to contain various biologically active substances including polyphenolic compounds. On the other hand, polyphenolic compounds have been suggested to stimulate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene in connection with the expression of heme oxidase-1 (HO-1) gene in glial cells, thus resulting in the augmentation of BDNF production in the brain, thereby being anticipated to have a putative effect on the brain function. Then, the effect of FBRA extract on HO-1 and BDNF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in C6 glioma cells was examined, and the extract was shown to stimulate both HO-1 and BDNF gene transcription in the glioma cells. Further studies showed that the stimulatory effect of FBRA extract on BDNF gene transcription was almost completely suppressed by silencing HO-1 gene expression with an HO-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide and also inhibiting HO-1 activity with an inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin, thus suggesting that FBRA might have a potential ability to induce BDNF gene expression through HO-1 activity in glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Morita
- a Life Science Research Group , Shikoku University School of Health Sciences , Ohjin , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Nishibori
- a Life Science Research Group , Shikoku University School of Health Sciences , Ohjin , Tokushima , Japan.,b Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Shikoku Junior College , Ohjin , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Reina Kishibuchi
- a Life Science Research Group , Shikoku University School of Health Sciences , Ohjin , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Mari Itoh
- c Research and Development Division, Kohken Co. Ltd. , Tohbetsu, Ishikari-gun , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Yukiko Horie
- c Research and Development Division, Kohken Co. Ltd. , Tohbetsu, Ishikari-gun , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nemoto
- c Research and Development Division, Kohken Co. Ltd. , Tohbetsu, Ishikari-gun , Hokkaido , Japan
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Yuan SY, Liu J, Zhou J, Lu W, Zhou HY, Long LH, Hu ZL, Ni L, Wang Y, Chen JG, Wang F. AMPK Mediates Glucocorticoids Stress-Induced Downregulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Cultured Rat Prefrontal Cortical Astrocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159513. [PMID: 27513844 PMCID: PMC4981361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces altered energy metabolism and plays important roles in the etiology of depression, in which the glucocorticoid negative feedback is disrupted due to imbalanced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) functions. The mechanism underlying the dysregulation of GR by chronic stress remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the key enzyme regulating cellular energy metabolism, and related signaling pathways in chronic stress-induced GR dysregulation. In cultured rat cortical astrocytes, glucocorticoid treatment decreased the level, which was accompanied by the decreased expression of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and reduced phosphorylation of AMPK. Glucocorticoid-induced effects were attenuated by glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitor GSK650394, which also inhibited glucocorticoid induced phosphorylation of Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a). Furthermore, glucocorticoid-induced down-regulation of GR was mimicked by the inhibition of AMPK and abolished by the AMPK activators or the histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) inhibitors. In line with the role of AMPK in GR expression, AMPK activator metformin reversed glucocorticoid-induced reduction of AMPK phosphorylation and GR expression as well as behavioral alteration of rats. Taken together, these results suggest that chronic stress activates SGK1 and suppresses the expression of LKB1 via inhibitory phosphorylation of FOXO3a. Downregulated LKB1 contributes to reduced activation of AMPK, leading to the dephosphorylation of HDAC5 and the suppression of transcription of GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ying Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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35
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Yan L, Hu Q, Mak MSH, Lou J, Xu SL, Bi CWC, Zhu Y, Wang H, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. A Chinese herbal decoction, reformulated from Kai-Xin-San, relieves the depression-like symptoms in stressed rats and induces neurogenesis in cultured neurons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30014. [PMID: 27444820 PMCID: PMC4957105 DOI: 10.1038/srep30014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kai-Xin-San (KXS), a Chinese herbal decoction for anti-depression, is a combination of paired-herbs, i.e. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (GR)-Polygalae Radix (PR) and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR)-Poria (PO). The make-up of the paired-herbs has been commonly revised according to syndrome differentiation and treatment variation of individual. Currently, an optimized KXS (KXS2012) was prepared by functional screening different combination of GR-PR and ATR-PO. The aim of this study was to verify the effect and underlying mechanism of KXS2012 against depression in chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depressive rats and in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes. In rat model, the CMS-induced depressive symptoms were markedly alleviated by the treatment with KXS2012. The CMS-suppressed neurotransmitter amounts were restored in the presence of KXS2012. And the expressions of neurotropic factors and its corresponding receptors were increased under KXS2012 administration. In cultured neurons, application of KXS2012 could promote neurogenesis by inducing the expression of synaptotagmin and dendritic spine density. Moreover, application of KXS2012 in cultured astrocytes, or in H2O2-stressed astrocytes, induced the expressions of neurotrophic factors: the increase might be associated with the modification of Erk1/2 and CREB phosphorylation. Our current results fully support the therapeutic efficacy of KXS2012 against depression in cell and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Marvin S. H. Mak
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianshu Lou
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sherry L. Xu
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cathy W. C. Bi
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaiyou Wang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Tina T. X. Dong
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Karl W. K. Tsim
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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Resveratrol reverses chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviour: Involvement of BDNF level, ERK phosphorylation and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 125:134-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Kajitani N, Kaneko M, Shigetou T, Kasai M, Matsumoto C, Yokoe T, Azuma H, Takebayashi M, Morioka N, Nakata Y. Amitriptyline induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression through ERK-dependent modulation of multiple BDNF mRNA variants in primary cultured rat cortical astrocytes and microglia. Brain Res 2016; 1634:57-67. [PMID: 26764533 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A significant role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been previously implicated in the therapeutic effect of antidepressants. To ascertain the contribution of specific cell types in the brain that produce BDNF following antidepressant treatment, the effects of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline on rat primary neuronal, astrocytic and microglial cortical cultures were examined. Amitriptyline increased the expression of BDNF mRNA in astrocytic and microglial cultures but not neuronal cultures. Antidepressants with distinct mechanisms of action, such as clomipramine, duloxetine and fluvoxamine, also increased BDNF mRNA expression in astrocytic and microglial cultures. There are multiple BDNF mRNA variants (exon I, IIA, IV and VI) expressed in astrocytes and microglia and the variant induced by antidepressants has yet to be elaborated. Treatment with antidepressants increased the expression of exon I, IV and VI in astrocyte and microglia. Clomipramine alone significantly upregulated expression of exon IIA. The amitriptyline-induced expression of both total and individual BDNF mRNA variants (exon I, IV and VI) were blocked by MEK inhibitor U0126, indicating MEK/ERK signaling is required in the expression of BDNF. These findings indicate that non-neural cells are a significant target of antidepressants and further support the contention that glial production of BDNF is crucial role in the therapeutic effect of antidepressants. The current data suggest that targeting of glial function could lead to the development of antidepressants with a truly novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Naoto Kajitani
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shigetou
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miho Kasai
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chie Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yokoe
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Honami Azuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Meschin P, Demion M, Cazorla O, Finan A, Thireau J, Richard S, Lacampagne A. p11 modulates calcium handling through 5-HT4R pathway in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:549-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Astrocytes represent a highly heterogeneous population of neural cells primarily responsible for the homeostasis of the CNS. Astrocytes express multiple receptors for neurotransmitters, including the serotonin 5-HT2B receptors and interact with neurones at the synapse. Astroglia contribute to neurological diseases through homeostatic response, neuroprotection and reactivity. In major depression, astrocytes show signs of degeneration and are decreased in numbers, which may lead to a misbalance in neurotransmission and aberrant synaptic connectivity. In this review, we summarize astroglia-specific effects of major antidepressants and outline future strategies for astroglia-specific therapy in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- a 1 Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, PR China
| | | | - Li Gu
- a 1 Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Baoman Li
- a 1 Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, PR China
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Daniele S, Da Pozzo E, Zappelli E, Martini C. Trazodone treatment protects neuronal-like cells from inflammatory insult by inhibiting NF-κB, p38 and JNK. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1609-29. [PMID: 25911310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that alterations of the inflammatory/immune system contribute to the pathogenesis of major depression and that inflammatory processes may influence the antidepressant treatment response. Depressed patients exhibit increased levels of inflammatory markers in both the periphery and brain, and high co-morbidity exists between depression and diseases associated with inflammatory alterations. Trazodone (TDZ) is a triazolopyridine derivative that belongs to the class of serotonin receptor antagonists and reuptake inhibitors. Although the trophic and protective properties of classic antidepressants have extensively been exploited, the effects of TDZ remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, the pharmacological activities of TDZ on human neuronal-like cells were investigated under both physiological and inflammatory conditions. An in vitro inflammatory model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which efficiently mimic the stress-related changes in neurotrophic and pro-inflammatory genes. Our results showed that TDZ significantly increased the mRNA expression of both brain-derived nerve factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and decreased the cellular release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in neuronal-like cells. In contrast, neuronal cell treatment with LPS and TNF-α decreased the expression of CREB and BDNF and increased the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a primary transcription factor that functions in inflammatory response initiation. Moreover, the two agents induced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin-6 and IFN-γ) and decreased the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. TDZ pre-treatment completely reversed the decrease in cell viability and counteracted the decrease in BDNF and CREB expression mediated by LPS-TNF-α. In addition, the production of inflammatory mediators was inhibited, and the release of interleukin-10 was restored to control levels. Furthermore, the intracellular signalling mechanism regulating TDZ-elicited effects was specifically investigated. TDZ induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and inhibited constitutive p38 activation. Moreover, TDZ counteracted the activation of p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) elicited by LPS-TNF-α, suggesting that the neuro-protective role of TDZ could be mediated by p38 and JNK. Overall, our results demonstrated that the protective effects of TDZ under inflammation in neuronal-like cells function by decreasing pro-inflammatory signalling and by enhancing anti-inflammatory signalling.
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Habib M, Shaker S, El-Gayar N, Aboul-Fotouh S. The effects of antidepressants "fluoxetine and imipramine" on vascular abnormalities and Toll like receptor-4 expression in diabetic and non-diabetic rats exposed to chronic stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120559. [PMID: 25826421 PMCID: PMC4380417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several studies reveal that diabetes doubles the odds of comorbid depression with evidence of a pro-inflammatory state underlying its vascular complications. Indeed, little information is available about vascular effects of antidepressant drugs in diabetes. METHOD We investigated the effect of chronic administration of fluoxetine "FLU" and imipramine "IMIP" on behavioral, metabolic and vascular abnormalities in diabetic and non-diabetic rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). RESULTS Both diabetes and CRS induced depressive-like behavior which was more prominent in diabetic/depressed rats; this was reversed by chronic treatment with FLU and IMIP in a comparable manner. Diabetic and non-diabetic rats exposed to CRS exhibited abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, lipid profile and vascular function, manifested by decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation, increased systolic blood pressure and histopathological atherosclerotic changes. Vascular and metabolic dysfunctions were associated with significant increase in aortic expression of TLR-4, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1ß). FLU ameliorated these metabolic, vascular and inflammatory abnormalities, while IMIP induced either no change or even worsening of some parameters. CONCLUSION FLU has favorable effect over IMIP on metabolic, vascular and inflammatory aberrations associated with DM and CRS in Wistar rats, clarifying the preference of FLU over IMIP in management of comorbid depression in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Habib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa Shaker
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesreen El-Gayar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan Aboul-Fotouh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang FR, Qiao MQ, Xue L, Wei S. Possible Involvement of µ Opioid Receptor in the Antidepressant-Like Effect of Shuyu Formula in Restraint Stress-Induced Depression-Like Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:452412. [PMID: 25821488 PMCID: PMC4363683 DOI: 10.1155/2015/452412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently μ opioid receptor (MOR) has been shown to be closely associated with depression. Here we investigated the action of Shuyu, a Chinese herbal prescription, on repeated restraint stress induced depression-like rats, with specific attention to the role of MOR and the related signal cascade. Our results showed that repeated restraint stress caused significant depressive-like behaviors, as evidenced by reduced body weight gain, prolonged duration of immobility in forced swimming test, and decreased number of square-crossings and rearings in open field test. The stress-induced depression-like behaviors were relieved by Shuyu, which was accompanied by decreased expression of MOR in hippocampus. Furthermore, Shuyu upregulated BDNF protein expression, restored the activity of CREB, and stimulated MEK and ERK phosphorylation in hippocampus of stressed rats. More importantly, MOR is involved in the effects of Shuyu on these depression-related signals, as they can be strengthened by MOR antagonist CTAP. Collectively, these data indicated that the antidepressant-like properties of Shuyu are associated with MOR and the corresponding CREB, BDNF, MEK, and ERK signal pathway. Our study supports clinical use of Shuyu as an effective treatment of depression and also suggests that MOR might be a target for treatment of depression and developing novel antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ming-qi Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Classical Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Education Ministry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ling Xue
- Key Laboratory for Classical Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Education Ministry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Key Laboratory for Classical Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Education Ministry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Spirulina non-protein components induce BDNF gene transcription via HO-1 activity in C6 glioma cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:892-901. [PMID: 25349086 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Blue-green algae are known to contain biologically active proteins and non-protein substances and considered as useful materials for manufacturing the nutritional supplements. Particularly, Spirulina has been reported to contain a variety of antioxidants, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and vitamin C, thereby exerting their protective effects against the oxidative damage to the cells. In addition to their antioxidant actions, polyphenolic compounds have been speculated to cause the protection of neuronal cells and the recovery of neurologic function in the brain through the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in glial cells. Then, the protein-deprived extract was prepared by removing the most part of protein components from aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis, and the effect of this extract on BDNF gene transcription was examined in C6 glioma cells. Consequently, the protein-deprived extract was shown to cause the elevation of BDNF mRNA levels following the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the glioma cells. Therefore, the non-protein components of S. platensis are considered to stimulate BDNF gene transcription through the HO-1 induction in glial cells, thus proposing a potential ability of the algae to indirectly modulate the brain function through the glial cell activity.
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Yasuda S, Yoshida M, Yamagata H, Iwanaga Y, Suenaga H, Ishikawa K, Nakano M, Okuyama S, Furukawa Y, Furukawa S, Ishikawa T. Imipramine Ameliorates Pain-related Negative Emotion via Induction of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:1199-208. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Seo MS, Scarr E, Lai CY, Dean B. Potential molecular and cellular mechanism of psychotropic drugs. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 12:94-110. [PMID: 25191500 PMCID: PMC4153869 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2014.12.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are among the most debilitating of all medical illnesses. Whilst there are drugs that can be used to treat these disorders, they give sub-optimal recovery in many people and a significant number of individuals do not respond to any treatments and remain treatment resistant. Surprisingly, the mechanism by which psychotropic drugs cause their therapeutic benefits remain unknown but likely involves the underlying molecular pathways affected by the drugs. Hence, in this review, we have focused on recent findings on the molecular mechanism affected by antipsychotic, mood stabilizing and antidepressant drugs at the levels of epigenetics, intracellular signalling cascades and microRNAs. We posit that understanding these important interactions will result in a better understanding of how these drugs act which in turn may aid in considering how to develop drugs with better efficacy or increased therapeutic reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Suk Seo
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Scarr
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia. ; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia. ; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brian Dean
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia. ; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Domin H, Szewczyk B, Woźniak M, Wawrzak-Wleciał A, Śmiałowska M. Antidepressant-like effect of the mGluR5 antagonist MTEP in an astroglial degeneration model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2014; 273:23-33. [PMID: 25043733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The glutamatergic predominance in the excitatory-inhibitory balance is postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Such imbalance may be induced by astrocyte ablation which reduces glutamate uptake and increases glutamate level in the synaptic cleft. In the present study, we tried to ascertain whether astroglial degeneration in the prefrontal cortex could serve as an animal model of depression and whether inhibition of glutamatergic transmission by the mGluR5 antagonist MTEP could have antidepressant potential. Astrocytic toxins l-or dl-alpha-aminoadipic acid (AAA), 100μg/2μl, were microinjected, bilaterally into the rat medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) on the first and second day of experiment. MTEP (10mg/kg) or imipramine (30mg/kg) were administered on the fifth day. Following administration of MTEP or imipramine the forced swim test (FST) was performed for assessment of depressive-like behavior. The brains were taken out for analysis on day eight. The astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was quantified in PFC by Western blot method and by stereological counting of immunohistochemically stained sections. Both l-AAA and dl-AAA induced a significant increase in immobility time in the FST. This effect was reversed by imipramine, which indicates depressive-like effects of these toxins. A significant decrease in GFAP (about 50%) was found after l-AAA. Both the behavioral and GFAP level changes were prevented by MTEP injection. The obtained results indicate that the degeneration of astrocytes in the PFC by l-AAA may be a useful animal model of depression and suggest antidepressant potential of MTEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Domin
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Woźniak
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anika Wawrzak-Wleciał
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Śmiałowska
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Cui QL, Fang J, Kennedy TE, Almazan G, Antel JP. Role of p38MAPK in S1P receptor-mediated differentiation of human oligodendrocyte progenitors. Glia 2014; 62:1361-75. [PMID: 24810969 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
FTY720 is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator used as a daily therapy to reduce disease activity in the relapsing form of multiple sclerosis (MS). FTY720 readily accesses the CNS. Previous studies have shown that phosphorylated FTY720 (FTY720-p) enhances oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) survival, differentiation, and remyelination following experimentally induced demyelination in rodents. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, human fetal OPCs alone or in co-culture with rat dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRGN) were treated daily with FTY720-p, a condition that desensitizes cellular responses to S1P, the natural ligand of S1PR. In co-cultures, FTY720-p and S1P given daily or every three days increased the number of O1/MBP double positive cells and axonal ensheathment. In cultures composed of PDGFRα-antibody selected cells alone, daily application of FTY720-p also increased the number of O4/GC double positive cells. At an early time point (day 2), FTY720-p activated ERK1/2, CREB and p38MAPK in O4-positive cells, as well as in β-III Tubulin positive neurons and GFAP positive astrocytes. In later cultures (day 6), FTY720-p activated p38MAPK in O4 positive cells, p38MAPK and ERK1/2 in neurons, and p38MAPK, ERK1/2 and CREB in astrocytes. A MEK inhibitor (U0126) prevented the differentiation of OPCs into O4-positive cells, while a p38MAPK inhibitor (PD169316) blocked progression into O4-positive and into GC-positive stages of differentiation. Our results demonstrate that FTY720-p, under conditions that model daily clinical use, can act directly on OPCs to impact differentiation, and also indirectly via neurons and astrocytes by activating ERK1/2 and p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Guo J, Lin P, Zhao X, Zhang J, Wei X, Wang Q, Wang C. Etazolate abrogates the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced downregulation of the cAMP/pCREB/BDNF signaling, neuroinflammatory response and depressive-like behavior in mice. Neuroscience 2014; 263:1-14. [PMID: 24434771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that immune challenge by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammatory response and upregulates phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). However, whether the potential PDE4 inhibitor etazolate prevents the LPS-induced depressive-like behavior remains unclear. Here using a model of depression induced by the repeated administration of LPS during 16days, and then investigated the influence of LPS on the expression of PDE4, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and antidepressant action of etazolate in mice through forced swimming, novelty suppressed feeding, sucrose preference and open-field tests. Our results showed that etazolate pretreatment facilitated the recovery from weight loss and prevented the depressive-like behavior induced by repeated LPS administration. Moreover, the antidepressant action of etazolate was paralleled by significantly reducing the expression levels of PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4D and IL-1β and up-regulating the cAMP/phosphorylated cAMP response-element binding protein (pCREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice. These results indicate that the effects of etazolate on the depressive-like behavior induced by repeated LPS treatment may partially depend on the inhibition of PDE4 subtypes, the activation of the cAMP/pCREB/BDNF signaling and the anti-inflammatory responses in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guo
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - P Lin
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - X Zhao
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - X Wei
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Q Wang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
| | - C Wang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
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Ge JF, Gao WC, Cheng WM, Lu WL, Tang J, Peng L, Li N, Chen FH. Orcinol glucoside produces antidepressant effects by blocking the behavioural and neuronal deficits caused by chronic stress. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:172-80. [PMID: 23838013 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the antidepressant potential of orcinol glucoside (OG) and its possible mechanisms of action. We established a depressed rat model using 3 consecutive weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The antidepressant-like effect of OG was revealed using the sucrose preference test, the open field test, the forced swimming test (FST), and the tail suspension test (TST). The activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was evaluated by detecting the serum corticosterone (CORT) concentrations and mRNA expression of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus. The protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and total phosphorylated-ERK1/2 were detected by western blot. The results showed that OG treatment (1.5, 3, or 6mg/kg) alleviated the depression-like behaviour of rats under CUMS, as indicated by the increased sucrose preference and the decreased immobility in both the FST and TST, although the rearing frequency in the open field test increased only in the group that received the lowest dose (1.5mg/kg OG). Rats that received OG treatment exhibited reduced serum CORT levels and CRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamus, suggesting that the hyperactivity of the HPA axis in CUMS rats was reversed by OG treatment. Moreover, OG treatment upregulated the protein levels of BDNF and phosphorylated-ERK1/2 in the hippocampus, even above control levels. Our findings suggest that OG improved depressive behaviour in CUMS rats by downregulating HPA axis hyperactivity and increasing BDNF expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Ge
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Wen-Chao Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Wen-Ming Cheng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Wei-Li Lu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Jie Tang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Lei Peng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China.
| | - Fei-Hu Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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50
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Abstract
While antidepressant therapy is an essential treatment of major depression, a substantial group of treated patients do not respond to therapy, or suffer from severe side effects. Moreover, the time of onset of the clinical improvement is often delayed. Antidepressants as currently available usually enhance serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission and may contribute to the inadequate remission rates for major depression. Therefore biomarkers enabling the identification of subgroups of patients and also finding unprecedented targets would provide the basis for personalized medication and thus improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects. Several pharmacogenetic studies on antidepressant treatment response using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) mapping have been performed but provided only modest findings. Therefore the analysis of gene expression to integrate genomic activity and environmental effects promises a new approach to cope with the complexity of factors influencing antidepressant treatment. Here gene expression studies focusing on candidate genes and genome-wide approaches using RNA derived from peripheral blood cells are reviewed. The most promising findings exist for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, inflammation and neuroplasticity related genes. However, straightforward translation into tailored treatment is still unlikely. Contradictory results limit the clinical use of the findings. Future studies are necessary, which could include functional analysis and consider gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Menke
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Munich , Germany
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