1
|
Meng L, Altaye SZ, Feng M, Hu H, Han B, Li J. Phosphoproteomic basis of neuroplasticity in the antennal lobes influences the olfactory differences between A. mellifera and A. cerana honeybees. J Proteomics 2022; 251:104413. [PMID: 34728424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The honeybee species A. mellifera and A. cerana have evolved substantial differences in olfactory-driven behaviors and in peripheral olfactory systems. Knowledge of the central nervous system regulating these olfaction differences is limited, however. We compared the phosphoproteome of the antennal lobes (ALs, the primary olfactory neuropil) of A. mellifera and A. cerana, and identified a total of 2812 phosphopeptides carrying 2971 phosphosites from 1265 phosphoproteins. Of these, 76% of the phosphoproteins were shared by both species, which were mainly presynapse and cytoskeleton components, and were involved in signal transduction and neurotransmitter secretion. This finding indicates the fundamental role of protein phosphorylation in regulating signal transduction in the ALs. The mTOR signaling pathway, the phagosome pathway, and the autophagy pathway, which are important in protein metabolism, were enriched, suggesting glomeruli plasticity and olfactory processing are intensively modulated by phosphorylation via these pathways. Compared with A. mellifera, 107 phosphoproteins associated with protein metabolism and transport were uniquely expressed in A. cerana, indicating the protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity is enhanced in A. cerana to facilitate the processing of more complex floral odor clues in mountain foraging areas. This finding is further supported by the significantly upregulated key phosphoproteins of the mTOR signaling pathway in A. cerana ALs. These results provide insights into the phosphoproteomic basis of neuroplasticity that is coupled with the divergent evolution of bees in different environments. SIGNIFICANCE: To adapt to their own ecological niche, the two major honeybee species, A. mellifera and A. cerana, have developed significant difference in olfactory-driven behaviors, but our understanding of the underlying regulation of the central nervous system is still limitate. Here we performed the first comprehensive phosphoproteomic comparison of antennal lobes (Als) between A. mellifera and A. cerena. A large proportion of the identified phosphosites and phosphoproteins were shared between the two species to serve as a core network in the regulation of signal transduction and glomeruli plasticity of ALs. However, compared with A. mellifera, 107 phosphoproteins associated with protein metabolism and transport were uniquely identified in A. cerana ALs, and also several key phosphoproteins in mTOR signaling pathway were found upregulated in A. cerana. These findings indicate protein phosphorylation enhanced the protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity in A. cerana to facilitate the processing of more complex floral odor clues in mountain foraging areas. Our data provide a valuable insight into phosphoproteome-driven cerebral regulation of honeybee olfactory behaviors, which is potentially useful for further neurobiological investigation in both honeybees and other insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Meng
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Solomon Zewdu Altaye
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, PO Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mao Feng
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Han Hu
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Bin Han
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Jianke Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Folci A, Mirabella F, Fossati M. Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Proteins in the Critical Equilibrium between Synapse Physiology and Intellectual Disability. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0137-20.2020. [PMID: 32719102 PMCID: PMC7544190 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0137-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) represent a dynamic regulatory system that precisely modulates the functional organization of synapses. PTMs consist in target modifications by small chemical moieties or conjugation of lipids, sugars or polypeptides. Among them, ubiquitin and a large family of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) share several features such as the structure of the small protein modifiers, the enzymatic cascades mediating the conjugation process, and the targeted aminoacidic residue. In the brain, ubiquitination and two UBLs, namely sumoylation and the recently discovered neddylation orchestrate fundamental processes including synapse formation, maturation and plasticity, and their alteration is thought to contribute to the development of neurological disorders. Remarkably, emerging evidence suggests that these pathways tightly interplay to modulate the function of several proteins that possess pivotal roles for brain homeostasis as well as failure of this crosstalk seems to be implicated in the development of brain pathologies. In this review, we outline the role of ubiquitination, sumoylation, neddylation, and their functional interplay in synapse physiology and discuss their implication in the molecular pathogenesis of intellectual disability (ID), a neurodevelopmental disorder that is frequently comorbid with a wide spectrum of brain pathologies. Finally, we propose a few outlooks that might contribute to better understand the complexity of these regulatory systems in regard to neuronal circuit pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Folci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Filippo Mirabella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve 9 Emanuele - Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Fossati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
- CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kiris E, Nuss JE, Stanford SM, Wanner LM, Cazares L, Maestre MF, Du HT, Gomba GY, Burnett JC, Gussio R, Bottini N, Panchal RG, Kane CD, Tessarollo L, Bavari S. Phosphatase Inhibitors Function as Novel, Broad Spectrum Botulinum Neurotoxin Antagonists in Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Motor Neuron-Based Assays. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129264. [PMID: 26061731 PMCID: PMC4462581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop novel treatments to counter Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) poisoning. Currently, the majority of BoNT drug development efforts focus on directly inhibiting the proteolytic components of BoNT, i.e. light chains (LC). Although this is a rational approach, previous research has shown that LCs are extremely difficult drug targets and that inhibiting multi-serotype BoNTs with a single LC inhibitor may not be feasible. An alternative approach would target neuronal pathways involved in intoxication/recovery, rather than the LC itself. Phosphorylation-related mechanisms have been implicated in the intoxication pathway(s) of BoNTs. However, the effects of phosphatase inhibitors upon BoNT activity in the physiological target of BoNTs, i.e. motor neurons, have not been investigated. In this study, a small library of phosphatase inhibitors was screened for BoNT antagonism in the context of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons (ES-MNs). Four inhibitors were found to function as BoNT/A antagonists. Subsequently, we confirmed that these inhibitors protect against BoNT/A in a dose-dependent manner in human ES-MNs. Additionally, these compounds provide protection when administered in post-intoxication scenario. Importantly, the inhibitors were also effective against BoNT serotypes B and E. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing phosphatase inhibitors as broad-spectrum BoNT antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Kiris
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jonathan E. Nuss
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M. Stanford
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Wanner
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Lisa Cazares
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Maestre
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Hao T. Du
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Glenn Y. Gomba
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - James C. Burnett
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Computational Drug Development Group (CDDG), NCI, Frederick, MD, United States of America
- CDDG, Developmental Therapeutics Program, NCI, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Rick Gussio
- CDDG, Developmental Therapeutics Program, NCI, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Rekha G. Panchal
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Kane
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute (BHSAI), Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC), US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC), Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Sina Bavari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamamori S, Sugaya D, Iida Y, Kokubo H, Itakura M, Suzuki E, Kataoka M, Miyaoka H, Takahashi M. Stress-induced phosphorylation of SNAP-25. Neurosci Lett 2014; 561:182-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
5
|
Protein phosphatase 2A dephosphorylates SNAP-25 through two distinct mechanisms in mouse brain synaptosomes. Neurosci Res 2013; 75:184-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
6
|
Park JH, Jung MS, Kim YS, Song WJ, Chung SH. Phosphorylation of Munc18-1 by Dyrk1A regulates its interaction with Syntaxin 1 and X11α. J Neurochem 2012; 122:1081-91. [PMID: 22765017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) is a protein kinase that might be responsible for mental retardation and early onset of Alzheimer's disease in Down's syndrome patients. Dyrk1A plays a role in many cellular pathways through phosphorylation of diverse substrate proteins; however, its role in synaptic vesicle exocytosis is poorly understood. Munc18-1, a central regulator of neurotransmitter release, interacts with Syntaxin 1 and X11α. Syntaxin 1 is a key soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor protein involved in synaptic vesicle docking/fusion events, and X11α modulates amyloid precursor protein processing and β amyloid generation. In this study, we demonstrate that Dyrk1A interacts with and phosphorylates Munc18-1 at the Thr(479) residue. The phosphorylation of Munc18-1 at Thr(479) by Dyrk1A stimulated binding of Munc18-1 to Syntaxin 1 and X11α. Furthermore, the levels of phospho-Thr(479) -Munc18-1 were enhanced in the brains of transgenic mice over-expressing Dyrk1A protein, providing in vivo evidence of Munc18-1 phosphorylation by Dyrk1A. These results reveal a link between Munc18-1 and Dyrk1A in synaptic vesicle trafficking and amyloid precursor protein processing, suggesting that up-regulated Dyrk1A in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease brains may contribute to some pathological features, including synaptic dysfunction and cognitive defect through abnormal phosphorylation of Munc18-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Park
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute for Brain Science and Technology (IBST), FIRST Research Group, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bark SJ, Wegrzyn J, Taupenot L, Ziegler M, O'Connor DT, Ma Q, Smoot M, Ideker T, Hook V. The protein architecture of human secretory vesicles reveals differential regulation of signaling molecule secretion by protein kinases. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41134. [PMID: 22916103 PMCID: PMC3420874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory vesicles are required for release of chemical messengers to mediate intercellular signaling among human biological systems. It is necessary to define the organization of the protein architecture of the ‘human’ dense core secretory vesicles (DCSV) to understand mechanisms for secretion of signaling molecules essential for cellular regulatory processes. This study, therefore, conducted extensive quantitative proteomics and systems biology analyses of human DCSV purified from human pheochromocytoma. Over 600 human DCSV proteins were identified with quantitative evaluation of over 300 proteins, revealing that most proteins participate in producing peptide hormones and neurotransmitters, enzymes, and the secretory machinery. Systems biology analyses provided a model of interacting DCSV proteins, generating hypotheses for differential intracellular protein kinases A and C signaling pathways. Activation of cellular PKA and PKC pathways resulted in differential secretion of neuropeptides, catecholamines, and β-amyloid of Alzheimer's disease for mediating cell-cell communication. This is the first study to define a model of the protein architecture of human DCSV for human disease and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Bark
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJB) ; or (VH)
| | - Jill Wegrzyn
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Laurent Taupenot
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Ziegler
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel T. O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Qi Ma
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Smoot
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJB) ; or (VH)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kataoka M, Yamamori S, Suzuki E, Watanabe S, Sato T, Miyaoka H, Azuma S, Ikegami S, Kuwahara R, Suzuki-Migishima R, Nakahara Y, Nihonmatsu I, Inokuchi K, Katoh-Fukui Y, Yokoyama M, Takahashi M. A single amino acid mutation in SNAP-25 induces anxiety-related behavior in mouse. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25158. [PMID: 21949876 PMCID: PMC3176821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is a presynaptic protein essential for neurotransmitter release. Previously, we demonstrate that protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylates Ser187 of SNAP-25, and enhances neurotransmitter release by recruiting secretory vesicles near to the plasma membrane. As PKC is abundant in the brain and SNAP-25 is essential for synaptic transmission, SNAP-25 phosphorylation is likely to play a crucial role in the central nervous system. We therefore generated a mutant mouse, substituting Ser187 of SNAP-25 with Ala using “knock-in” technology. The most striking effect of the mutation was observed in their behavior. The homozygous mutant mice froze readily in response to environmental change, and showed strong anxiety-related behavior in general activity and light and dark preference tests. In addition, the mutant mice sometimes exhibited spontaneously occurring convulsive seizures. Microdialysis measurements revealed that serotonin and dopamine release were markedly reduced in amygdala. These results clearly indicate that PKC-dependent SNAP-25 phosphorylation plays a critical role in the regulation of emotional behavior as well as the suppression of epileptic seizures, and the lack of enhancement of monoamine release is one of the possible mechanisms underlying these defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kataoka
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano-shi, Nagano, Japan
| | - Saori Yamamori
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Watanabe
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Sato
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyaoka
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Azuma
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegami
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kuwahara
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yohko Nakahara
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itsuko Nihonmatsu
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Katoh-Fukui
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minesuke Yokoyama
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Takahashi
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Filiou MD, Turck CW. General overview: biomarkers in neuroscience research. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 101:1-17. [PMID: 22050846 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387718-5.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are in demand for disease diagnosis, treatment response monitoring, and development of novel therapeutics. Biomarker discovery in neuroscience is challenging due to absence of robust molecular correlates and the interpatient heterogeneity that characterizes neuropsychiatric disorders. Because of the complexity of these disorders, a panel of biomarkers derived from different platforms will be required to precisely reflect disease-related alterations. Animal models of psychiatric phenotypes as well as -omics and imaging methodologies are important tools for biomarker discovery. However, the limitations of current research concerning sample handling and collection, candidate biomarker validation, and a lack of interdisciplinary approaches need to be addressed. Ultimately, the coordinated effort of relevant stakeholders including researchers, physicians, and funding organizations together with standardization initiatives will be vital to overcome the present challenges and to advance personalized health care using sensitive and specific biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela D Filiou
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trost M, Bridon G, Desjardins M, Thibault P. Subcellular phosphoproteomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:962-90. [PMID: 20931658 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation represents one of the most extensively studied post-translational modifications, primarily due to the emergence of sensitive methods enabling the detection of this modification both in vitro and in vivo. The availability of enrichment methods combined with sensitive mass spectrometry instrumentation has played a crucial role in uncovering the dynamic changes and the large expanding repertoire of this reversible modification. The structural changes imparted by the phosphorylation of specific residues afford exquisite mechanisms for the regulation of protein functions by modulating new binding sites on scaffold proteins or by abrogating protein-protein interactions. However, the dynamic interplay of protein phosphorylation is not occurring randomly within the cell but is rather finely orchestrated by specific kinases and phosphatases that are unevenly distributed across subcellular compartments. This spatial separation not only regulates protein phosphorylation but can also control the activity of other enzymes and the transfer of other post-translational modifications. While numerous large-scale phosphoproteomics studies highlighted the extent and diversity of phosphoproteins present in total cell lysates, the further understanding of their regulation and biological activities require a spatio-temporal resolution only achievable through subcellular fractionation. This review presents a first account of the emerging field of subcellular phosphoproteomics where cell fractionation approaches are combined with sensitive mass spectrometry methods to facilitate the identification of low abundance proteins and to unravel the intricate regulation of protein phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Trost
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Filiou MD, Bisle B, Reckow S, Teplytska L, Maccarrone G, Turck CW. Profiling of mouse synaptosome proteome and phosphoproteome by IEF. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1294-301. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
12
|
Sunyer B, Diao W, Lubec G. The role of post-translational modifications for learning and memory formation. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2593-602. [PMID: 18494028 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Learning and memory depend on molecular mechanisms involving the protein machinery. Recent evidence proposes that post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a major role in these cognitive processes. PTMs including phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine are already well-documented to play a role for synaptic plasticity of the brain, neurotransmitter release, vesicle trafficking and synaptosomal or synaptosomal-associated proteins are substrates of a series of specific protein kinases and their counterparts, protein phosphatases. But protein phosphorylation is only one out of many possible PTMs and first work shows a role of palmitoylation as well as glycosylation for proteins involved in memory formation. Recent technology may now allow reliable detection and even quantification of PTMs of proteins involved in the cognitive system. This will contribute to the understanding of mechanisms for learning and memory formation at the chemical level and has to complement determination of protein levels and indeed determination of protein expression per se generates limited information. The many other PTMs expected including protein nitrosylation and alkylation will even represent targets for pharmacological interventions but in turn increase the complexity of the system. Nevertheless, determination of the presence and the function of PTMs is mandatory and promising cognitive research at the protein chemical level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berta Sunyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
TRPM7 facilitates cholinergic vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:8304-8. [PMID: 18539771 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800881105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPM7, of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family, is both an ion channel and a kinase. Previously, we showed that TRPM7 is located in the membranes of acetylcholine (ACh)-secreting synaptic vesicles of sympathetic neurons, forms a molecular complex with proteins of the vesicular fusion machinery, and is critical for stimulated neurotransmitter release. Here, we targeted pHluorin to small synaptic-like vesicles (SSLV) in PC12 cells and demonstrate that it can serve as a single-vesicle plasma membrane fusion reporter. In PC12 cells, as in sympathetic neurons, TRPM7 is located in ACh-secreting SSLVs. TRPM7 knockdown by siRNA, or abolishing channel activity by expression of a dominant negative TRPM7 pore mutant, decreased the frequency of spontaneous and voltage-stimulated SSLV fusion events without affecting large dense core vesicle secretion. We conclude that the conductance of TRPM7 across the vesicle membrane is important in SSLV fusion.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
G-proteins (guanine nucleotide-binding proteins) are membrane-attached proteins composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma. They transduce signals from G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to target effector proteins. The agonistactivated receptor induces a conformational change in the G-protein trimer so that the alpha-subunit binds GTP in exchange for GDP and alpha-GTP, and betagamma-subunits separate to interact with the target effector. Effector-interaction is terminated by the alpha-subunit GTPase activity, whereby bound GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP. This is accelerated in situ by RGS proteins, acting as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Galpha-GDP and Gbetagamma then reassociate to form the Galphabetagamma trimer. G-proteins primarily involved in the modulation of neurotransmitter release are G(o), G(q) and G(s). G(o) mediates the widespread presynaptic auto-inhibitory effect of many neurotransmitters (e.g., via M2/M4 muscarinic receptors, alpha(2) adrenoreceptors, micro/delta opioid receptors, GABAB receptors). The G(o) betagamma-subunit acts in two ways: first, and most ubiquitously, by direct binding to CaV2 Ca(2+) channels, resulting in a reduced sensitivity to membrane depolarization and reduced Ca(2+) influx during the terminal action potential; and second, through a direct inhibitory effect on the transmitter release machinery, by binding to proteins of the SNARE complex. G(s) and G(q) are mainly responsible for receptor-mediated facilitatory effects, through activation of target enzymes (adenylate cyclase, AC and phospholipase-C, PLC respectively) by the GTP-bound alpha-subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kataoka M, Kuwahara R, Matsuo R, Sekiguchi M, Inokuchi K, Takahashi M. Development- and activity-dependent regulation of SNAP-25 phosphorylation in rat brain. Neurosci Lett 2006; 407:258-62. [PMID: 16978778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synaptosomal-associated protein of 25kDa (SNAP-25), a member of the SNARE proteins essential for neurotransmitter release, is phosphorylated at Ser(187) in PC12 cells and in the rat brain in a protein kinase C-dependent manner. It remains unclear how the phosphorylation of SNAP-25 is regulated during development and by neuronal activity. We studied the mode of SNAP-25 phosphorylation at Ser(187) in the rat brain using an anti-phosphorylated SNAP-25 antibody. Both the expression and phosphorylation of SNAP-25 increased remarkably during the early postnatal period, but their onsets were quite different. SNAP-25 expression was detected as early as embryonic Day 18, whereas the phosphorylation of SNAP-25 could not be detected until postnatal Day 4. A delay in the onset of phosphorylation was also observed in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The phosphorylation of SNAP-25 was regulated in a neuronal activity-dependent manner and, in the rat hippocampus, decreased by introducing seizures with kainic acid. These results clearly indicated that the phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Ser(187) is regulated in development- and neuronal activity-dependent manners, and is likely to play important roles in higher brain functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kataoka
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano-shi, Nagano, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The molecular organization of ribbon synapses in photoreceptors and ON bipolar cells is reviewed in relation to the process of neurotransmitter release. The interactions between ribbon synapse-associated proteins, synaptic vesicle fusion machinery and the voltage-gated calcium channels that gate transmitter release at ribbon synapses are discussed in relation to the process of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. We describe structural and mechanistic specializations that permit the ON bipolar cell to release transmitter at a much higher rate than the photoreceptor does, under in vivo conditions. We also consider the modulation of exocytosis at photoreceptor synapses, with an emphasis on the regulation of calcium channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Heidelberger
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Wallace B. Thoreson
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Paul Witkovsky
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 212 263 6488; fax: +1 212 263 7602. E-mail address: (P. Witkovsky)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ando K, Kudo Y, Takahashi M. Negative regulation of neurotransmitter release by calpain: a possible involvement of specific SNAP-25 cleavage. J Neurochem 2005; 94:651-8. [PMID: 15992386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic transmission is conducted by neurotransmitters released from presynaptic nerve terminals by means of Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. Formation of a complex of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, including vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2) in the synaptic vesicle membrane, and syntaxin 1 and synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) in the plasma membrane, is essential for exocytosis. Ionomycin treatment of cultured rat cerebellar granule cells led to cleavage of SNAP-25, but not syntaxin 1 and VAMP-2, that was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Cleavage was also induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) treatment, but not by depolarization. The use of various site-specific antibodies to SNAP-25, suggested that the cleavage site was in the N-terminal domain of SNAP-25. Calpain inhibitors abolished the Ca2+-dependent cleavage of SNAP-25 and markedly facilitated Ca2+-dependent glutamate (Glu) release from cerebellar granule cells. These results suggest that calpain may play an important role in the long-lasting regulation of synaptic transmission by suppressing neurotransmitter release, possibly through the proteolytic cleavage of SNAP-25.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ando
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Itakura M, Yamamori S, Kuwahara R, Sekiguchi M, Takahashi M. Two distinct regulatory mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Neurochem 2005; 94:502-9. [PMID: 15998300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that various growth factors are involved in synaptic functions; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the growth factor-mediated regulation of presynaptic functions, the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on neurotransmitter release were studied in rat PC12 cells. Brief treatment with EGF and IGF-1 enhanced Ca2+-dependent dopamine release in a concentration-dependent manner. EGF activated both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathways, and the EGF-dependent enhancement of DA release was suppressed by a MAPK kinase inhibitor as well as by PI3-kinase inhibitors. In striking contrast, IGF-1 activated the PI3-kinase pathway but not the MAPK pathway, and IGF-1-dependent enhancement was suppressed by a PI3-kinase inhibitor but not by a MAPK kinase inhibitor. The enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of protein kinase B, which selectively binds to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate, was translocated to the plasma membrane after treatment with either EGF or NGF. By contrast, no significant redistribution was induced by IGF-1. These results indicate that PI3-kinase participates in the enhancement of neurotransmitter release by two distinct mechanisms: EGF and NGF activate PI3-kinase in the plasma membrane, whereas IGF-1 activates PI3-kinase possibly in the intracellular membrane, leading to enhancement of neurotransmitter release in a MAPK-dependent and -independent manner respectively.
Collapse
|