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Ferrara M, Cusato J, Salvador E, Trentalange A, Alcantarini C, Trunfio M, Cannizzo ES, Bono V, Nozza S, De Nicolò A, Ianniello A, De Vivo E, D'Avolio A, Di Perri G, Bonora S, Marchetti G, Calcagno A. Inflammation and intracellular exposure of dolutegravir, darunavir, tenofovir and emtricitabine in people living with HIV. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:1020-1026. [PMID: 36115063 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy reduces inflammation and immune activation in people with HIV, but not down to the levels observed in people without HIV. Limited drug penetration within tissues has been argued as a potential mechanism of persistent inflammation. Data on the inflammation role on ARV plasma/intracellular (IC) pharmacokinetics (PK) through to expression of cytochrome P450 3A/membrane transporters are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between inflammation markers (IM) and plasma/IC PK of ARV regimen in HIV-positive patients. METHODS We included ART-experienced patients switching to three different ARV regimens. Plasma and IC ARV drug concentration means at the end of dosing interval (T0 ), IM on samples concomitantly with ARV PK determination: sCD14, CRP, IL-6 and LPS were analysed. RESULTS Plasma and IC drug concentrations were measured in 60 samples. No significative differences between CRP, sCD14, IL-6 and LPS values in the three arms were observed. A significant inverse correlation between tenofovir plasma concentration and sCD14 (rho = -0.79, P < .001), and between DRV IC/plasma ratio and Log10 IL-6 concentrations (rho = -0.36, P = .040), and a borderline statistically significant positive trend between DRV plasma concentration and sCD14 (rho = 0.31, P = .070) were suggested. Furthermore, a borderline statistically significant inverse trend between DTG IC concentrations and sCD14 (rho = -0.34, P = .090) was observed in 24 patients on DTG-based triple therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary data support the hypothesis of lower DRV and DTG IC concentrations and lower TFV plasma exposure in patients with higher plasma IM suggesting an interplay between HIV drug penetration and persistent inflammation in cART-treated HIV-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Ferrara
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Cusato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Salvador
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alice Trentalange
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Alcantarini
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mattia Trunfio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elvira Stefania Cannizzo
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST, Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bono
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST, Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Nozza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Amedeo De Nicolò
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alice Ianniello
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa De Vivo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Avolio
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonora
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST, Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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2
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Pu M, Zhang J, Zeng Y, Hong F, Qi W, Yang X, Gao G, Zhou T. Succinate-SUCNR1 induces renal tubular cell apoptosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C467-C476. [PMID: 36622070 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00327.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Succinate has long been known to be only an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle until identified as a natural ligand for SUCNR1 in 2004. SUCNR1 is widely expressed throughout the body, especially in the kidney. Abnormally elevated succinate is associated with many diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and ischemia injury, but it is not known whether succinate can cause kidney damage. This study showed that succinate induced apparent renal injury after treatment for 12 wk, characterized by a reduction in 24 h urine and the significant detachment of the brush border of proximal tubular epithelial cells, tubular dilation, cast formation, and vacuolar degeneration of tubular cells in succinate-treated mice. Besides, succinate caused tubular epithelial cell apoptosis in kidneys and HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, succinate triggered cell apoptosis via SUCNR1 activation. In addition, succinate upregulated ERK by binding to SUCNR1, and inhibition of ERK using PD98059 abolished the proapoptotic effects of succinate in HK-2 cells. In summary, our study provides the first evidence that succinate acts as a risk factor and contributes to renal injury, and further research is required to discern the pathological effects of succinate on renal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcheng Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuyan Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Puris E, Fricker G, Gynther M. The Role of Solute Carrier Transporters in Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery and Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020364. [PMID: 36839686 PMCID: PMC9966068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transporter-mediated drug resistance is a major obstacle in anticancer drug delivery and a key reason for cancer drug therapy failure. Membrane solute carrier (SLC) transporters play a crucial role in the cellular uptake of drugs. The expression and function of the SLC transporters can be down-regulated in cancer cells, which limits the uptake of drugs into the tumor cells, resulting in the inefficiency of the drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of low-SLC-transporter-expression-mediated drug resistance in different types of cancers. Recent advances in SLC-transporter-targeting strategies include the development of transporter-utilizing prodrugs and nanocarriers and the modulation of SLC transporter expression in cancer cells. These strategies will play an important role in the future development of anticancer drug therapies by enabling the efficient delivery of drugs into cancer cells.
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4
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Detraux D, Renard P. Succinate as a New Actor in Pluripotency and Early Development? Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070651. [PMID: 35888775 PMCID: PMC9325148 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent cells have been stabilized from pre- and post-implantation blastocysts, representing respectively naïve and primed stages of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with distinct epigenetic, metabolic and transcriptomic features. Beside these two well characterized pluripotent stages, several intermediate states have been reported, as well as a small subpopulation of cells that have reacquired features of the 2C-embryo (2C-like cells) in naïve mouse ESC culture. Altogether, these represent a continuum of distinct pluripotency stages, characterized by metabolic transitions, for which we propose a new role for a long-known metabolite: succinate. Mostly seen as the metabolite of the TCA, succinate is also at the crossroad of several mitochondrial biochemical pathways. Its role also extends far beyond the mitochondrion, as it can be secreted, modify proteins by lysine succinylation and inhibit the activity of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, such as prolyl hydroxylase (PHDs) or histone and DNA demethylases. When released in the extracellular compartment, succinate can trigger several key transduction pathways after binding to SUCNR1, a G-Protein Coupled Receptor. In this review, we highlight the different intra- and extracellular roles that succinate might play in the fields of early pluripotency and embryo development.
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Zhu Y, Jin H, Huo X, Meng Q, Wang C, Sun P, Ma X, Sun H, Dong D, Wu J, Liu K. Protective effect of Rhein against vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity through regulating renal transporters and Nrf2 pathway. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4244-4262. [PMID: 35820659 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin (VCM)'s nephrotoxicity limits its application and therapeutic efficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of rhein against VCM-induced nephrotoxicity (VIN). VIN models were established in rats and NRK-52E cells. Rhein up-regulated the expressions of renal organic anion transporter (Oat) 1, Oat3, organic cation transporter 2 (Oct2), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), mammal multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins 1 (Mate 1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) to facilitate the efflux of plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and plasma indoxyl sulfate. Rhein increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to regulate the expression of Mrp2, P-gp, and Mate 1. The increased level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced number of apoptosis cells were observed after treatment of rhein. Rhein decreased the number of apoptosis cells as well as increased the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and decreased expressions of Bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax). ML385, as a typical inhibitor of Nrf2, reversed the protective effects of rhein in cells. Rhein oriented itself in the site of Keap1, inhibiting the Keap1-Nrf2 interaction. Rhein ameliorated VIN mainly through regulating the expressions of renal transporters and acting on Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Functional coupling of organic anion transporter OAT10 (SLC22A13) and monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 (SLC16A1) influencing the transport function of OAT10. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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7
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The Multiple Pharmacologic Functions and Mechanisms of Action of Guizhi Fuling Formulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6813421. [PMID: 35529925 PMCID: PMC9076289 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6813421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Guizhi Fuling Formulation (GZFL), a traditional Chinese medical formulation, consists of Cinnamomi Ramulus, Paeoniae Radix Alba (or Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Moutan Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Poria, with multiple therapeutic functions such as sedation, antitumor activity, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. However, its clinical applications remain relatively fragmented, and the underlying mechanisms of GZFL in different diseases are still not very certain. Further research and summary in both application and mechanisms remain to be needed for human health and the best use of GZFL. Therefore, we summarized the multiple pharmacologic effects and possible mechanisms of action of GZFL according to recent 17 years of research. Methods We retrieved four English and two Chinese databases using these keywords (the formulation name or its synonyms) and searched articles written in English from January 2006 up to February 2022. Key Findings. GZFL exhibits multiple pharmacologic advantages in gynecologic diseases and other expanding diseases such as cancer, blood, and vascular disease, renal failure, inflammation, and brain injury. Possibly due to its diverse bioactive components and pharmacologic activities, GZFL could target the multiple signaling pathways involved in regulating blood circulation, inflammatory and immune factors, proliferation, apoptosis, and so on. Conclusion This review suggests that GZFL displays promising therapeutic effects for many kinds of diseases, which have been beyond the scope of the original prescription for gynecologic diseases. In this way, we wish to provide a reference and recommendation for further preclinic and clinic studies.
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8
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Dong J, Liu Y, Li L, Ding Y, Qian J, Jiao Z. Interactions between meropenem and renal drug transporters. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:423-431. [PMID: 35490314 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220428081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic and commonly used with other antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections. It is primarily eliminated renally by glomerular filtration and renal tubular secretion. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the roles of renal uptake and efflux transporters in the excretion of meropenem and potential drug interactions mediated by renal drug transporters. METHOD Uptake and inhibition studies were conducted in human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably transfected with organic anion transporter (OAT) 1, OAT3, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE) 1 and MATE2K, as well as membrane vesicles containing breast cancer resistance-related protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). Probenecid and piperacillin were used to assess potential drug interactions with meropenem in rats. RESULTS We observed that meropenem was a low-affinity substrate of OAT1/3 and had a weak inhibitory effect on OAT1/3 and MATE2K. BCRP, MDR1, MRP2, MATE1 and MATE2K could not mediate renal excretion of meropenem. Moreover, meropenem was not an inhibitor of BCRP, MDR1, MRP2 or MATE1. Among five tested antibiotics, moderate inhibition on OAT3-mediated meropenem uptake was observed for linezolid (IC50 value was 69.2 μM), weak inhibition was observed for piperacillin, benzylpenicillin and tazobactam (IC50 values were 282.2, 308.0 and 668.1 μM, respectively), and no inhibition was observed for sulbactam. Although piperacillin had a relatively high drug-drug interaction index (ratio of maximal unbound plasma concentration to IC50 was 1.42) in vitro, it had no meaningful impact on the pharmacokinetics of meropenem in rats. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that clinically significant interactions between meropenem and these five antibiotics are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Longxuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yunhe Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Zheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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Lyamzaev KG, Zinovkin RA, Chernyak BV. Extrusion of mitochondria: Garbage clearance or cell–cell communication signals? J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2345-2356. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- The “Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow Russia
| | - Roman A. Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
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10
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Fernández-Veledo S, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Vendrell J. Rethinking succinate: an unexpected hormone-like metabolite in energy homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:680-692. [PMID: 34301438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been an explosion of interest in the signaling capacity of energy metabolites. A prime example is the Krebs cycle substrate succinate, an archetypal respiratory substrate with functions beyond energy production as an intracellular and extracellular signaling molecule. Long associated with inflammation, emerging evidence supports a key role for succinate in metabolic processes relating to energy management. As the natural ligand for SUCNR1, a G protein-coupled receptor, succinate is akin to hormones and likely functions as a reporter of metabolism and stress. In this review, we reconcile new and old observations to outline a regulatory role for succinate in metabolic homeostasis. We highlight the importance of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis in metabolic diseases as an integrator of macrophage immune response, and we discuss new metabolic functions recently ascribed to succinate in specific tissues. Because circulating succinate has emerged as a promising biomarker in chronic metabolic diseases, a better understanding of the physiopathological role of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis in metabolism might open new avenues for clinical use in patients with obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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11
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Nethathe B, Chipangura J, Hassan IZ, Duncan N, Adawaren EO, Havenga L, Naidoo V. Diclofenac toxicity in susceptible bird species results from a combination of reduced glomerular filtration and plasma flow with subsequent renal tubular necrosis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12002. [PMID: 34513332 PMCID: PMC8388555 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac caused the death of millions of vultures on the Asian subcontinent. Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have since also been shown to be toxic to vultures with the exception of meloxicam. For this study, we evaluated the effect of diclofenac on renal uric acid transport and glomerulus filtration in an acute toxicity model. In a two-phase study with the same birds, healthy chickens (a validated model species) were treated intravenously with para-amino hippuric acid (PAH) and iohexol (IOH) in combination in phase 1. In phase 2, the same PAH and IOH combination was then combined with diclofenac (10 mg/kg). In both phases, blood and faeces were sequentially collected. In phase 1, the birds showed no signs of ill health. Moreover, PAH, IOH and uric acid clearance was rapid. In phase 2, two chickens showed early signs of hyperuricemia 8 hours after exposure and died approximately 24h later. Necropsy showed classic signs of renal damage and gout. Diclofenac had a rapid plasma half-life of elimination of less than 2 hours indicating that toxicity was likely due to an irreversible destruction of a physiological process. All the birds in phase 2 had decreased uric acid, PAH and IOH clearance in comparison to phase 1. The decrease in PAH clearance was variable between the birds (average of 71%) but was near 98% reduced in the two birds that died. It is concluded that diclofenac alters both renal perfusion and renal plasma flow, with death associated with tubular secretion being reduced to negligible functionality for a prolonged period. This would support previous in vitro findings of early cell death from ROS accumulation. However, further evaluation is needed to elucidate this final step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bono Nethathe
- Department of Paraclinical Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Venda for Science and Technology, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - John Chipangura
- Department of Paraclinical Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ibrahim Zubairu Hassan
- Department of Paraclinical Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Neil Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Lauren Havenga
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
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12
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Sun HL, Wu YW, Bian HG, Yang H, Wang H, Meng XM, Jin J. Function of Uric Acid Transporters and Their Inhibitors in Hyperuricaemia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:667753. [PMID: 34335246 PMCID: PMC8317579 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.667753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of uric acid metabolism may be associated with pathological processes in many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. These diseases can further promote uric acid accumulation in the body, leading to a vicious cycle. Preliminary studies have proven many mechanisms such as oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, and rennin angiotensin axis involving in the progression of hyperuricaemia-related diseases. However, there is still lack of effective clinical treatment for hyperuricaemia. According to previous research results, NPT1, NPT4, OAT1, OAT2, OAT3, OAT4, URAT1, GLUT9, ABCG2, PDZK1, these urate transports are closely related to serum uric acid level. Targeting at urate transporters and urate-lowering drugs can enhance our understanding of hyperuricaemia and hyperuricaemia-related diseases. This review may put forward essential references or cross references to be contributed to further elucidate traditional and novel urate-lowering drugs benefits as well as provides theoretical support for the scientific research on hyperuricemia and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Lu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Wan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - He-Ge Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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13
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Li W, Jiao Z, Liu Y, Yao J, Li G, Dong J. Role of organic anion transporter 3 in the renal excretion of biapenem and potential drug-drug interactions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105814. [PMID: 33753216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biapenem is a carbapenem antibiotic. It is excreted predominantly through the kidney as unchanged forms. However, the molecular mechanism of renal excretion of biapenem and potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were still unknown. In the present study, the role of organic anion transporters (OAT) 1/3 and organic cation transporters (OCT) 2 in the renal excretion of biapenem, and the potential DDIs between biapenem and six clinical commonly prescribed antibiotics and antiviral drugs that acted as substrates or inhibitors of OAT3 were evaluated in vitro. Further, the effect of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of biapenem was explored in the rats. We observed that biapenem could not inhibit the transport activities of OAT1 or OCT2, while mildly inhibited OAT3 (IC50 >500 μM). Among the tested antibiotics and antiviral drugs, the relatively high DDI index values (maximal unbound plasma concentration over IC50, Imax,u/IC50) were found for piperacillin, linezolid and benzylpenicillin, which were 2.84, 1.7 and 0.62, respectively. Although probenecid had the highest DDI index (27.1) in vitro, no significant impact of it on the pharmacokinetics of biapenem was observed in the rats. Our results indicated that biapenem was primarily eliminated by the glomerular filtration, while OAT3-mediated renal tubular secretion was a minor route. Biapenem is not a clinically relevant substrate or inhibitor because of its low affinity to OAT3. According to current results, it would be safe to use biapenem with other antibiotics and antiviral drugs that acted as substrates or inhibitors of OAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, PR China
| | - Zheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, PR China
| | - Guodong Li
- Research Institute for Liver Diseases (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Building 5, No. 200 Niudun Road, Zhangjiang High-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, PR China.
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14
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Zhang J, You G. Peptide Hormone Insulin Regulates Function, Expression, and SUMOylation of Organic Anion Transporter 3. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:41. [PMID: 33709304 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) plays an important role in the disposition of various anionic drugs which impacts the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the therapeutics, thus influencing the pharmacological effects and toxicity of the drugs. In this study, we investigated the effect of insulin on the regulation of OAT3 function, expression, and SUMOylation. We demonstrated that insulin induced an increase in OAT3 transport activity through a dose- and time-dependent manner in COS-7 cells. The insulin-induced elevation in OAT3 function was blocked by PKA inhibitor H89, which correlated well with OAT3 protein expression. Moreover, both PKA activator Bt2-cAMP-induced increase and insulin-induced increase in OAT3 function were blocked by PKB inhibitor AKTi1/2. To further investigate the involvement of SUMOylation, we treated OAT3-expressing cells with insulin in presence or absence of H89 or AKTi1/2 followed by examining OAT3 SUMOylation. We showed that insulin enhanced OAT3 SUMOylation, and such enhancement was abrogated by H89 and AKTi1/2. Lastly, insulin increased OAT3 function and SUMOylation in rat kidney slice. In conclusion, our investigations demonstrated that insulin regulated OAT3 function, expression, and SUMOylation through PKA/PKB signaling pathway. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Guofeng You
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.
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15
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Sutherland R, Meeson A, Lowes S. Solute transporters and malignancy: establishing the role of uptake transporters in breast cancer and breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:919-932. [PMID: 32388639 PMCID: PMC7497311 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily encompasses a large variety of membrane-bound transporters required to transport a diverse array of substrates over biological membranes. Physiologically, they are essential for nutrient uptake, ion transport and waste removal. However, accumulating evidence suggest that up- and/or downregulation of SLCs may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of human malignancy. Endogenous substrates of SLCs include oestrogen and its conjugates, the handling of which may be of importance in hormone-dependent cancers. The SLCs play a significant role in the handling of therapeutic agents including anticancer drugs. Differential SLC expression in cancers may, therefore, impact on the efficacy of treatments. However, there is also a small body of evidence to suggest the dysregulated expression of some of these transporters may be linked to cancer metastasis. This review draws on the current knowledge of the roles of SLC transporters in human cancers in order to highlight the potential significance of these solute carriers in breast cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sutherland
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. .,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Annette Meeson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Lowes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Breast Screening and Assessment Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, Sheriff Hill, UK
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16
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Hu Y, Zhao H, Lu J, Xie D, Wang Q, Huang T, Xin H, Hisatome I, Yamamoto T, Wang W, Cheng J. High uric acid promotes dysfunction in pancreatic β cells by blocking IRS2/AKT signalling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111070. [PMID: 33127482 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricaemia is a disorder of purine metabolism. Elevated serum uric acid is strongly associated with many diseases, including gout, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular and kidney disease. Our previous studies showed that high uric acid (HUA) induced insulin resistance in several peripheral organs, including the liver, myocardium and adipose tissue. However, whether HUA directly induces insulin resistance of pancreatic β cells, the only source of insulin in the body and also a sensitive insulin target, is unknown. In this study, pancreatic β cells pretreated with HUA showed impaired insulin expression/secretion, glucose uptake and the glycolytic pathway. RNA-seq revealed that HUA affected the biological processes of INS-1 cells broadly, including oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic process, pyruvate metabolic process, and glycolytic process. In addition, HUA reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in INS-1 cells. INS-1 cells pretreated with probenecid, an organic anion transporter inhibitor, protected INS-1 cells against HUA-induced insulin secretion decrease, Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC), a globally used antioxidant, recovered HUA-decreased insulin secretion and glucose uptake by pancreatic β cells. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activator, rescues HUA-decreased insulin secretion by re-activating AKT phosphorylation. Thus, HUA induce insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and glycolytic pathway of pancreatic ꞵ cell through IRS2/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hairong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tianliang Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hancheng Xin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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17
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Jin C, Wei L, Ohgaki R, Tominaga H, Xu M, Okuda S, Okanishi H, Kawamoto Y, He X, Nagamori S, Kanai Y. Interaction of Halogenated Tyrosine/Phenylalanine Derivatives with Organic Anion Transporter 1 in the Renal Handling of Tumor Imaging Probes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:451-462. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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18
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Regulation of organic anion transporters: Role in physiology, pathophysiology, and drug elimination. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 217:107647. [PMID: 32758646 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The members of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family are mainly expressed in kidney, liver, placenta, intestine, and brain. These transporters play important roles in the disposition of clinical drugs, pesticides, signaling molecules, heavy metal conjugates, components of phytomedicines, and toxins, and therefore critical for maintaining systemic homeostasis. Alterations in the expression and function of OATs contribute to the intra- and inter-individual variability of the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicity of many drugs, and to many pathophysiological conditions. Consequently, the activity of these transporters must be highly regulated to carry out their normal functions. This review will present an update on the recent advance in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of renal OATs, emphasizing on the post-translational modification (PTM), the crosstalk among these PTMs, and the remote sensing and signaling network of OATs. Such knowledge will provide significant insights into the roles of these transporters in health and disease.
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19
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Huang L, Liao J, He J, Pan S, Zhang H, Yang X, Cheng J, Chen Y, Mo Z. Single-cell profiling reveals sex diversity in human renal proximal tubules. Gene 2020; 752:144790. [PMID: 32439376 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many anatomical regions in the kidney, including proximal tubules, differ between males and females. While such differences in renal structures and functions under various physiological and pharmacological conditions have been identified, information relating to molecular mechanisms behind this gender disparity remain unknown. To understand gene expression differences in proximal tubules from human male and female kidneys, we reported on kidney cellular landscape using single-cell RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression profiles were observed in proximal tubules, between the sexes. Interestingly, the SLC22 family of anion transporters, including SLC22A6 and SLC22A8, had different expression profiles between male and female proximal tubule clusters but not sex-dependent abundance at the protein level. Moreover, in different species, we revealed a shared and species-specific differential gene expression between human and mouse kidney proximal tubules. Taken together, at single-cell resolution, this transcriptomic map represents a baseline description of gender biased genes in human kidney proximal tubules, which provide important insights for further studies of physiological differences in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jinling Liao
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Siqiong Pan
- Department of Pathology, The Four Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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20
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Borro M, Guglielmetti M, Simmaco M, Martelletti P, Gentile G. The future of pharmacogenetics in the treatment of migraine. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:1159-1173. [PMID: 31637960 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is considered one of the most disabling neurological disorder with a high socioeconomic burden. Pharmacological management includes many classes of drugs which in the most cases, are administrated in polytherapy. The therapeutic scheme of migraineurs is often affected by comorbidities which need concomitant medications, thus increasing the risk of side effects related to drug-drug interactions. Pharmacogenetics is a promising tool to achieve a personalized cure based on individual genetic profile while the availability of free online knowledge bases allows to check the potential DDIs of selected medications. Combining, these approaches may offer to clinicians a useful tool to improve the appropriateness of migraine polytherapy choice, aiming to increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Borro
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Guglielmetti
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gentile
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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21
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Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in the gastrointestinal tract, are speculated to have a key role in microbiota-gut-brain crosstalk. However, the pathways through which SCFAs might influence psychological functioning, including affective and cognitive processes and their neural basis, have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, research directly exploring the role of SCFAs as potential mediators of the effects of microbiota-targeted interventions on affective and cognitive functioning is sparse, especially in humans. This Review summarizes existing knowledge on the potential of SCFAs to directly or indirectly mediate microbiota-gut-brain interactions. The effects of SCFAs on cellular systems and their interaction with gut-brain signalling pathways including immune, endocrine, neural and humoral routes are described. The effects of microbiota-targeted interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics and diet on psychological functioning and the putative mediating role of SCFA signalling will also be discussed, as well as the relationship between SCFAs and psychobiological processes. Finally, future directions to facilitate direct investigation of the effect of SCFAs on psychological functioning are outlined.
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22
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Hebenstreit D, Pichler R, Heidegger I. Drug-Drug Interactions in Prostate Cancer Treatment. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 18:e71-e82. [PMID: 31677899 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which can cause serious and debilitating drug-induced adverse events. With a steadily aging population and associated increasing multimorbidity and polypharmacy, the potential for DDIs becomes considerably important. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men and occurs mostly in elderly men in the Western world. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give an overview of DDIs in PCa therapy to better understand pharmacodynamic and pharm kinetic side effects as well as their interactions with other medications. Last, we explore potential future strategies, which might help to optimize treatment and reduce adverse events patients with polypharmacy and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Hebenstreit
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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23
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Lee HS, Shin HJ, Cho M, Lee SH, Oh DS. Inhibitory effects of Kampo medicines, Keishibukuryogan and Shakuyakukanzoto, on the substrate uptake activities of solute carrier organic anion transporters. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 138:279-283. [PMID: 30424926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Keishibukuryogan (K-06) and Shakuyakukanzoto (TJ-68), commercial herbal medicines, on the substrate uptake activities of renal organic anion transporters. We performed transporter uptake and cell viability assays in Xenopus oocytes and HEK293 human kidney embryonic cells treated with K-06 or TJ-68. K-06 and TJ-68 markedly inhibited the substrate uptake activities of URAT1, OAT1, and OAT3, while they did not exhibit non-cytotoxic effects. Our findings demonstrated that K-06 and TJ-68 inhibited the substrate uptake activities of renal transporters, suggesting their mechanism of action as nephroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jung Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea; SPMED Co., Ltd., Busan 46508, Republic of Korea
| | - Munju Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- The K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Seok Oh
- The K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Abstract
As a result of an increasing aging population, the number of individuals taking multiple medications simultaneously has grown considerably. For these individuals, taking multiple medications has increased the risk of undesirable drug–drug interactions (DDIs), which can cause serious and debilitating adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A comprehensive understanding of DDIs is needed to combat these deleterious outcomes. This review provides a synopsis of the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) mechanisms that underlie DDIs. PK-mediated DDIs affect all aspects of drug disposition: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). In this review, the cells that play a major role in ADME and have been investigated for DDIs are discussed. Key examples of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters that are involved in DDIs and found in these cells are described. The effect of inhibiting or inducing these proteins through DDIs on the PK parameters is also reviewed. Despite most DDI studies being focused on the PK effects, DDIs through PD can also lead to significant and harmful effects. Therefore, this review outlines specific examples and describes the additive, synergistic and antagonistic mechanisms of PD-mediated DDIs. The effects DDIs on the maximum PD response (Emax) and the drug dose or concentration (EDEC50) that lead to 50% of Emax are also examined. Significant gaps in our understanding of DDIs remain, so innovative and emerging approaches are critical for overcoming them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G Roberts
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA,
| | - Morgan E Gibbs
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA,
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25
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Mair RD, Sirich TL, Plummer NS, Meyer TW. Characteristics of Colon-Derived Uremic Solutes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:1398-1404. [PMID: 30087103 PMCID: PMC6140561 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03150318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Colon microbial metabolism produces solutes that are normally excreted in the urine and accumulate in the plasma when the kidneys fail. This study sought to further identify and characterize human colon-derived uremic solutes. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Colon-derived solutes normally excreted in the urine were identified by comparing urine from controls (n=17) and patients with total colectomies (n=12), using an established metabolomic platform. Colon-derived solutes that accumulate in kidney failure were then identified by comparing the plasma of the control patients with that of patients on dialysis (n=14). RESULTS Ninety-one urinary solutes were classified as colon-derived on the basis of the finding of a urine excretion rate at least four-fold higher in control patients than in patients with total colectomies. Forty-six were solutes with known chemical structure, 35 of which had not previously been identified as colon-derived. Sixty of the colon-derived solutes accumulated in the plasma of patients with ESKD to a degree greater than urea and were therefore classified as uremic. The estimated urinary clearance for 27 out of the 32 colon-derived solutes for which clearance could be calculated exceeded that of creatinine, consistent with tubular secretion. Sulfatase treatment revealed that 42 out of the 91 colon-derived solutes detected were likely conjugates. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic analysis identified numerous colon-derived solutes that are normally excreted in human urine. Clearance by tubular secretion limits plasma levels of many colon-derived solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Mair
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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26
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Renal expression and urinary excretion of Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (NaDC1) in obstructive nephropathy: a candidate biomarker for this pathology. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1777-1786. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yu F, Zhang T, Guo L, Wu B. Liver Receptor Homolog-1 Regulates Organic Anion Transporter 2 and Docetaxel Pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:980-988. [PMID: 29669824 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.080895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporter 2 (OAT2/SLC22A7) is an uptake transporter that plays an important role in drug disposition. Here, we investigate a potential role of liver receptor homolog-1 (Lrh-1) in regulation of Oat2 and docetaxel pharmacokinetics. Hepatoma cells (Hepa1-6 and HepG2 cells) were transfected with Lrh-1/LRH-1 expression vector or siRNA. The relative mRNA and protein levels of Oat2/OAT2 in the cells or livers of Lrh-1hep-/- mice were determined by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Transcriptional regulation of Oat2/OAT2 by Lrh-1/LRH-1 was investigated using luciferase reporter, mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed with wild-type (Lrh-1fl/fl) and Lrh-1hep-/- mice after intraperitoneal injection of docetaxel. Overexpression of Lrh-1 in Hepa1-6 cells led to significant increases in Oat2 mRNA and protein. Consistently, Lrh-1 knockdown caused decreases in Oat2 mRNA and protein, as well as reduced cellular uptake of PGE2, a prototypical substrate of Oat2. Similarly, an activation effect of LRH-1 on OAT2 expression was observed in HepG2 cells. In addition, the levels of Oat2 mRNA and protein were markedly reduced in Lrh-1hep-/- mice. Lrh-1/LRH-1 induced the transcription of Oat2/OAT2 in luciferase reporter assays. Truncation analysis revealed a potential Lrh-1 response element (-716- to -702-bp) in Oat2 promoter. Direct binding of Lrh-1 to this response element was confirmed by mobility shift and ChIP assays. Furthermore, systemic exposure of docetaxel was upregulated in Lrh-1hep-/- mice due to reduced hepatic uptake. In conclusion, Lrh-1 transcriptionally regulates Oat2, thereby impacting tissue uptake and pharmacokinetics of Oat2 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Yu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy (F.Y., T.Z., L.G., B.W.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research (F.Y., B.W.), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy (F.Y., T.Z., L.G., B.W.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research (F.Y., B.W.), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy (F.Y., T.Z., L.G., B.W.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research (F.Y., B.W.), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy (F.Y., T.Z., L.G., B.W.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research (F.Y., B.W.), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Watanabe K, Tominari T, Hirata M, Matsumoto C, Hirata J, Murphy G, Nagase H, Miyaura C, Inada M. Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin in chronic kidney disease, suppresses both bone formation and bone resorption. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1178-1185. [PMID: 28781957 PMCID: PMC5536993 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of bone turnover are commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the low‐turnover bone disease is considered to be associated with low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and skeletal resistance to PTH. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a representative uremic toxin that accumulates in the blood of patients with CKD. Recently, we have reported that IS exacerbates low bone turnover induced by parathyroidectomy (PTX) in adult rats, and suggested that IS directly induces low bone turnover through the inhibition of bone formation by mechanisms unrelated to skeletal resistance to PTH. To define the direct action of IS in bone turnover, we examined the effects of IS on bone formation and bone resorption in vitro. In cultures of mouse primary osteoblasts, IS suppressed the expression of osterix, osteocalcin, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) mRNA and clearly inhibited the formation of mineralized bone nodules. Therefore, IS directly acts on osteoblastic cells to suppress bone formation. On the other hand, IS suppressed interleukin (IL)‐1‐induced osteoclast formation in cocultures of bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, and IL‐1‐induced bone resorption in calvarial organ cultures. In cultures of osteoblasts, IS suppressed the mRNA expression of RANKL, the receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand, which is a pivotal factor for osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, IS acted on osteoclast precursor, bone marrow‐derived macrophages and RAW264.7 cells, and suppressed RANKL‐dependent differentiation into mature osteoclasts. IS may induce low‐turnover bone disease in patients with CKD by its direct action on both osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors to suppress bone formation and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Watanabe
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan
| | - Tsukasa Tominari
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan.,Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan
| | - Michiko Hirata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan
| | - Chiho Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan
| | - Junya Hirata
- Safety Research Center Kureha Corporation Tokyo Japan
| | - Gillian Murphy
- Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan.,Department of Oncology Cancer Research UK Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge Institute University of Cambridge UK
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology University of Oxford UK
| | - Chisato Miyaura
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan.,Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan.,Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan
| | - Masaki Inada
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan.,Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan.,Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan
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29
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Saidijam M, Karimi Dermani F, Sohrabi S, Patching SG. Efflux proteins at the blood-brain barrier: review and bioinformatics analysis. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:506-532. [PMID: 28481715 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1328148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
1. Efflux proteins at the blood-brain barrier provide a mechanism for export of waste products of normal metabolism from the brain and help to maintain brain homeostasis. They also prevent entry into the brain of a wide range of potentially harmful compounds such as drugs and xenobiotics. 2. Conversely, efflux proteins also hinder delivery of therapeutic drugs to the brain and central nervous system used to treat brain tumours and neurological disorders. For bypassing efflux proteins, a comprehensive understanding of their structures, functions and molecular mechanisms is necessary, along with new strategies and technologies for delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier. 3. We review efflux proteins at the blood-brain barrier, classified as either ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (P-gp, BCRP, MRPs) or solute carrier (SLC) transporters (OATP1A2, OATP1A4, OATP1C1, OATP2B1, OAT3, EAATs, PMAT/hENT4 and MATE1). 4. This includes information about substrate and inhibitor specificity, structural organisation and mechanism, membrane localisation, regulation of expression and activity, effects of diseases and conditions and the principal technique used for in vivo analysis of efflux protein activity: positron emission tomography (PET). 5. We also performed analyses of evolutionary relationships, membrane topologies and amino acid compositions of the proteins, and linked these to structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Saidijam
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran and
| | - Fatemeh Karimi Dermani
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran and
| | - Sareh Sohrabi
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran and
| | - Simon G Patching
- b School of BioMedical Sciences and the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
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30
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Favretto G, Souza LM, Gregório PC, Cunha RS, Maciel RAP, Sassaki GL, Toledo MG, Pecoits-Filho R, Souza WM, Stinghen AEM. Role of Organic Anion Transporters in the Uptake of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins by Human Endothelial Cells and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:170-179. [PMID: 28472795 DOI: 10.1159/000468542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporters (OATs) are involved in the uptake of uremic toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS), which play a role in endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). In this study, we investigated the role of OAT1 and OAT3 in the uptake of PCS and IS into human endothelial cells. PCS was synthesized via p-cresol sulfation and characterized using analytical methods. The cells were treated with PCS and IS in the absence and presence of probenecid (Pb), an OAT inhibitor. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The absorbed toxins were analyzed using chromatography, OAT expression using immunocytochemistry and western blot, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability decreased after toxin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. PCS and IS showed significant internalization after 60 min treatment, while no internalization was observed in the presence of Pb, suggesting that OATs are involved in the transport of both toxins. Immunocytochemistry and western blot demonstrated OAT1 and OAT3 expression in endothelial cells. MCP-1 expression increased after toxins treatment but decreased after Pb treatment. PCS and IS uptake were mediated by OATs, and OAT blockage could serve as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit MCP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giane Favretto
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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31
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Otani N, Ouchi M, Hayashi K, Jutabha P, Anzai N. Roles of organic anion transporters (OATs) in renal proximal tubules and their localization. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:200-206. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Richards L, Li M, van Esch B, Garssen J, Folkerts G. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on the cardiovascular system. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Wei L, Tominaga H, Ohgaki R, Wiriyasermkul P, Hagiwara K, Okuda S, Kaira K, Kato Y, Oriuchi N, Nagamori S, Kanai Y. Transport of 3-fluoro-l-α-methyl-tyrosine (FAMT) by organic ion transporters explains renal background in [18F]FAMT positron emission tomography. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 130:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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34
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Suchy-Dicey AM, Laha T, Hoofnagle A, Newitt R, Sirich TL, Meyer TW, Thummel KE, Yanez ND, Himmelfarb J, Weiss NS, Kestenbaum BR. Tubular Secretion in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:2148-55. [PMID: 26614381 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014121193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal function generally is assessed by measurement of GFR and urinary albumin excretion. Other intrinsic kidney functions, such as proximal tubular secretion, typically are not quantified. Tubular secretion of solutes is more efficient than glomerular filtration and a major mechanism for renal drug elimination, suggesting important clinical consequences of secretion dysfunction. Measuring tubular secretion as an independent marker of kidney function may provide insight into kidney disease etiology and improve prediction of adverse outcomes. We estimated secretion function by measuring secreted solute (hippurate, cinnamoylglycine, p-cresol sulfate, and indoxyl sulfate) clearance using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assays of serum and timed urine samples in a prospective cohort study of 298 patients with kidney disease. We estimated GFR by mean clearance of creatinine and urea from the same samples and evaluated associations of renal secretion with participant characteristics, mortality, and CKD progression to dialysis. Tubular secretion rate modestly correlated with eGFR and associated with some participant characteristics, notably fractional excretion of electrolytes. Low clearance of hippurate or p-cresol sulfate associated with greater risk of death independent of eGFR (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 4.7; hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 6.1, respectively). Hazards models also suggested an association between low cinnamoylglycine clearance and risk of dialysis, but statistical analyses did not exclude the null hypothesis. Therefore, estimates of proximal tubular secretion function correlate with glomerular filtration, but substantial variability in net secretion remains. The observed associations of net secretion with mortality and progression of CKD require confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rick Newitt
- Kidney Research Institute, School of Medicine
| | - Tammy L Sirich
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Timothy W Meyer
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ken E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | | | | | | | - Bryan R Kestenbaum
- Departments of Epidemiology and Kidney Research Institute, School of Medicine
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35
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Bulacio RP, Anzai N, Ouchi M, Torres AM. Organic Anion Transporter 5 (Oat5) Urinary Excretion Is a Specific Biomarker of Kidney Injury: Evaluation of Urinary Excretion of Exosomal Oat5 after N-Acetylcysteine Prevention of Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1595-602. [PMID: 26230185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. Its main side-effect is nephrotoxicity. It was reported that the organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) urinary excretion is elevated, implying renal perturbation, when no modifications of traditional markers of renal damage are still observed in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). It was also demonstrated that Oat5 is excreted in urine by the exosomal pathway. This study was designated to demonstrate the specific response of the urinary excretion of exosomal Oat5 to kidney injury independently of other cisplatin toxic effects, in order to strengthen Oat5 urinary levels as a specific biomarker of AKI. To accomplish that aim, we evaluated if urinary excretion of exosomal Oat5 returns to its basal levels when cisplatin renal damage is prevented by the coadministration of the renoprotective compound N-acetylcysteine. Four days after cisplatin administration, AKI was induced in cisplatin-treated male Wistar rats (Cis group), as it was corroborated by increased urea and creatinine plasma levels. Tubular damage was also observed. In cotreated animals (Cis + NAC group), plasma urea and creatinine concentrations tended to return to their basal values, and tubular damage was improved. Urinary excretion of exosomal Oat5 was notably increased in the Cis group, but when renal injury was ameliorated by N-acetylcysteine coadministration, that increase was undetected. So, in this work we observed that urinary excretion of exosomal Oat5 was only increased if renal insult is produced, demonstrating its specificity as a renal injury biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Paula Bulacio
- †Area Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- ‡Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- ‡Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Adriana Mónica Torres
- †Area Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario 2000, Argentina
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36
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Brandoni A, Torres AM. Expression of renal Oat5 and NaDC1 transporters in rats with acute biliary obstruction. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8817-8825. [PMID: 26269671 PMCID: PMC4528024 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine renal expression of organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) and sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (NaDC1), and excretion of citrate in rats with acute extrahepatic cholestasis.
METHODS: Obstructive jaundice was induced in rats by double ligation and division of the common bile duct (BDL group). Controls underwent sham operation that consisted of exposure, but not ligation, of the common bile duct (Sham group). Studies were performed 21 h after surgery. During this period, animals were maintained in metabolic cages in order to collect urine. The urinary volume was determined by gravimetry. The day of the experiment, blood samples were withdrawn and used to measure total and direct bilirubin as indicative parameters of hepatic function. Serum and urine samples were used for biochemical determinations. Immunoblotting for Oat5 and NaDC1 were performed in renal homogenates and brush border membranes from Sham and BDL rats. Immunohistochemistry studies were performed in kidneys from both experimental groups. Total RNA was extracted from rat renal tissue in order to perform reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Another set of experimental animals were used to evaluate medullar renal blood flow (mRBF) using fluorescent microspheres.
RESULTS: Total and direct bilirubin levels were significantly higher in BDL animals, attesting to the adequacy of biliary obstruction. An important increase in mRBF was determined in BDL group (Sham: 0.53 ± 0.12 mL/min per 100 g body weight vs BDL: 1.58 ± 0.24 mL/min per 100 g body weight, P < 0.05). An increase in the urinary volume was observed in BDL animals. An important decrease in urinary levels of citrate was seen in BDL group. Besides, a decrease in urinary citrate excretion (Sham: 0.53 ± 0.11 g/g creatinine vs BDL: 0.07 ± 0.02 g/g creatinine, P < 0.05) and an increase in urinary excretion of H+ (Sham: 0.082 ± 0.03 μmol/g creatinine vs BDL: 0.21 ± 0.04 μmol/g creatinine, P < 0.05) were observed in BDL animals. We found upregulations of both proteins Oat5 and NaDC1 in brush border membranes where they are functional. Immunohistochemistry technique corroborated these results for both proteins. No modifications were observed in Oat5 mRNA and in NaDC1 mRNA levels in kidney from BDL group as compared with Sham ones.
CONCLUSION: Citrate excretion is decreased in BDL rats, at least in part, because of the higher NaDC1 expression. Using the outward gradient of citrate generated by NaDC1, Oat5 can reabsorb/eliminate different organic anions of pathophysiological importance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bilirubin/blood
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/urine
- Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/blood
- Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/genetics
- Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/metabolism
- Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/urine
- Citric Acid/urine
- Common Bile Duct/surgery
- Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters/genetics
- Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Jaundice, Obstructive/blood
- Jaundice, Obstructive/genetics
- Jaundice, Obstructive/metabolism
- Jaundice, Obstructive/urine
- Kidney/metabolism
- Ligation
- Male
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Renal Circulation
- Renal Elimination
- Symporters/genetics
- Symporters/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Up-Regulation
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Chan T, Zhu L, Madigan MC, Wang K, Shen W, Gillies MC, Zhou F. Human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) mediates cellular uptake of all-trans-retinol in human retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2343-53. [PMID: 25560245 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vision depends on retinoid exchange between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors. Defects in any step of the canonical visual cycle can lead to retinal degenerations. All-trans-retinol (atROL) plays an important role in visual signal transduction. However, how atROL enters human RPE from the apical membrane remains unclear. This study investigated the role of human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) in atROL uptake in human RPE. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Immunoblotting and immunostaining elucidated the expression and localization of OATP1A2 in human RPE. Transporter functional studies were conducted to assess the interaction of OATP1A2 with atROL. KEY RESULTS Our study revealed OATP1A2 is expressed in human RPE, mainly at the apical membrane. Our data also indicated atROL inhibited the uptake of the typical OATP1A2 substrate, oestrone-3-sulfate (E3S), in over-expressing cells. Studies on the uptake of (3) H-atROL in these over-expressing cells revealed atROL is a substrate of OATP1A2. We confirmed these findings in human primary RPE cells. The transport of E3S and atROL was significantly reduced in human primary RPE cells with OATP1A2 siRNA silencing. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data provides the first evidence of OATP1A2 expression in human RPE and more importantly, its novel role in the cellular uptake of atROL, which might be essential to the proper functioning of the canonical visual cycle. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in retinoid transport between the RPE and photoreceptors and provide novel insights into potential pharmaceutical interventions for visual cycle disruption associated with retinal degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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38
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Babelova A, Burckhardt BC, Wegner W, Burckhardt G, Henjakovic M. Sex-differences in renal expression of selected transporters and transcription factors in lean and obese Zucker spontaneously hypertensive fatty rats. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:483238. [PMID: 25710042 PMCID: PMC4325971 DOI: 10.1155/2015/483238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify sex-dependent expression of renal transporter mRNA in lean and obese Zucker spontaneously hypertensive fatty (ZSF1) rats and to investigate the interaction of the most altered transporter, organic anion transporter 2 (Oat2), with diabetes-relevant metabolites and drugs. Higher incidence of glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and protein casts in Bowman's space and tubular lumen was detected by PAS staining in obese male compared to female ZSF1 rats. Real-time PCR on RNA isolated from kidney cortex revealed that Sglt1-2, Oat1-3, and Oct1 were higher expressed in kidneys of lean females. Oct2 and Mrp2 were higher expressed in obese males. Renal mRNA levels of transporters were reduced with diabetic nephropathy in females and the expression of transcription factors Hnf1β and Hnf4α in both sexes. The highest difference between lean and obese ZSF1 rats was found for Oat2. Therefore, we have tested the interaction of human OAT2 with various substances using tritium-labeled cGMP. Human OAT2 showed no interaction with diabetes-related metabolites, diabetic drugs, and ACE-inhibitors. However, OAT2-dependent uptake of cGMP was inhibited by furosemide. The strongly decreased expression of Oat2 and other transporters in female diabetic ZSF1 rats could possibly impair renal drug excretion, for example, of furosemide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Babelova
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (Physiology I), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 7, 83391 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Birgitta C. Burckhardt
- Institute for Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Waja Wegner
- Institute for Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Burckhardt
- Institute for Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maja Henjakovic
- Institute for Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- *Maja Henjakovic:
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39
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Hazelhoff MH, Trebucobich MS, Stoyanoff TR, Chevalier AA, Torres AM. Amelioration of mercury nephrotoxicity after pharmacological manipulation of organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) with furosemide. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Furosemide improves HgCl2-induced tubule injury up-regulating Oat1 and Mrp2, thus increasing renal elimination of mercuric ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María H. Hazelhoff
- Área Farmacología
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Mara S. Trebucobich
- Área Farmacología
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Tania R. Stoyanoff
- Departamento de Bioquímica
- Facultad de Medicina
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
- Corrientes
- Argentina
| | - Alberto A. Chevalier
- GIHON Laboratorios Químicos SRL
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata
- Mar del Plata
- Argentina
| | - Adriana M. Torres
- Área Farmacología
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario
- Argentina
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Hagos Y, Hundertmark P, Shnitsar V, Marada VVVR, Wulf G, Burckhardt G. Renal human organic anion transporter 3 increases the susceptibility of lymphoma cells to bendamustine uptake. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F330-8. [PMID: 25477469 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00467.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) is often associated with nephritic syndrome. Effective treatment of CLL by chlorambucil and bendamustine leads to the restoration of renal function. In this contribution, we sought to elucidate the impact of organic anion transporters (OATs) on the uptake of bendamustine and chlorambucil as a probable reason for the superior efficacy of bendamustine over chlorambucil in the treatment of CLL. We examined the effects of structural analogs of p-aminohippurate (PAH), melphalan, chlorambucil, and bendamustine, on OAT1-mediated [(3)H]PAH uptake and OAT3- and OAT4-mediated [(3)H]estrone sulfate (ES) uptake in stably transfected human embryonic kidney-293 cells. Melphalan had no significant inhibitory effect on any OAT, whereas chlorambucil reduced OAT1-, OAT3-, and OAT4-mediated uptake of PAH or ES down to 14.6%, 16.3%, and 66.0% of control, respectively. Bendamustine inhibited only OAT3-mediated ES uptake, which was reduced down to 14.3% of control cells, suggesting that it interacts exclusively with OAT3. The IC50 value for OAT3 was calculated to be 0.8 μM. Real-time PCR experiments demonstrated a high expression of OAT3 in lymphoma cell lines as well as primary CLL cells. OAT3-mediated accumulation of bendamustine was associated with reduced cell proliferation and an increased rate of apoptosis. We conclude that the high efficacy of bendamustine in treating CLL might be partly contributed to the expression of OAT3 in lymphoma cells and the high affinity of bendamustine for this transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Hagos
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Philip Hundertmark
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Volodymyr Shnitsar
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Venkata V V R Marada
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Gerald Wulf
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Burckhardt
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and
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Bulacio RP, Torres AM. Time course of organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) urinary excretion in rats treated with cisplatin: a novel urinary biomarker for early detection of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1359-69. [PMID: 25164828 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used citostatic drug employed in the treatment of many solid tumors. Its principal side-effect is nephrotoxicity. The organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) is exclusively expressed in the kidneys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time course of Oat5 urinary excretion and changes in conventional biomarkers, such as creatinine and urea plasma levels (Urp and Crp), and protein and glucose urinary levels (Pu and Gluu), between others, and compared them to the onset and progression of histological changes after cisplatin treatment. Male Wistar rats were treated with cisplatin with 5 mg/kg b.w., i.p., and experiments were carried out after 2, 4, 7 and 14 days of treatment. Two days after cisplatin administration, only Oat5 urinary excretion was found markedly modified. On day 4, Urp, Crp, PU and GluU were increased. By the seventh day, a severe impairment in tubular architecture was observed, and from this point and thereon, Oat5 urinary excretion and PU showed a tendency to return to their basal values. Meanwhile, Urp, Crp and GluU tended to return to their basal values by the day 14 of treatment, when kidney morphology showed an important recovery. So Oat5 urinary abundance was elevated 2 days after cisplatin treatment, when no modifications of traditional markers of renal injury were still observed. Therefore, the results showed in this work, in addition to previous data obtained by our group, propose that Oat5 urinary excretion might potentially serve as a noninvasive early biomarker of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Paula Bulacio
- Area Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
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Gentile G, Chiossi L, Lionetto L, Martelletti P, Borro M. Pharmacogenetic insights into migraine treatment in children. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:1539-50. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric migraine is a disabling condition that can affect the everyday activities and emotional states of children. Due to the multifactorial character of the pathology and the variety of the disease's phenotypes, establishment of an effective treatment is often challenging. Pharmacological treatment is often administered off-label and includes very different drugs, from analgesics to antidepressants. Since interindividual variability in therapy response commonly causes inefficacy and an exacerbation of symptoms, pharmacogenetics may help to decrease the prescription rate of useless or unsafe drugs. If there are many drugs used in migraine, then there are even more candidate or established pharmacogenetic markers that are implicated in clinical profiles. This article presents the current situation regarding the pharmacogenetics of drugs used in pediatric migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luana Lionetto
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Unit (DiMA), Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Regional Referral Headache Center, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine (DCMM), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Borro
- NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Wang L, Wang C, Liu Q, Meng Q, Huo X, Sun P, Yang X, Sun H, Zhen Y, Peng J, Ma X, Liu K. PEPT1- and OAT1/3-mediated drug-drug interactions between bestatin and cefixime in vivo and in vitro in rats, and in vitro in human. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 63:77-86. [PMID: 25016073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the transporter-mediated pharmacokinetics mechanism of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between bestatin and cefixime. The plasma concentrations and bioavailabilities of bestatin and cefixime were decreased after oral co-administration in rats. The uptake in rat everted intestinal sacs of bestatin and cefixime were dramatically declined after co-administration of the two drugs. Bestatin and cefixime can mutually competitively inhibit the uptake by hPEPT1-HeLa cells. The plasma concentrations of bestatin and cefixime were increased; however, the cumulative biliary excretion had no significant change, and the cumulative urinary excretion and renal clearance of the two drugs in rats decreased after intravenous coadministration. Moreover, decreased uptake of the two drugs was observed in human kidney slices, rat kidney slices and hOAT1/hOAT3-transfected HEK293 cells when bestatin and cefixime were coadministered. The accumulation of bestatin and cefixime in kidney slices can be inhibited by p-aminohippurate, benzylpenicillin and probenecid, but not by tetraethyl ammonium. The results suggest that intestinal absorption and renal excretion of bestatin and cefixime can be inhibited when the two drugs were co-administered in rats. The pharmacokinetic mechanism indicates that the DDIs between bestatin and cefixime are mainly mediated by Pept1 and Oat1/3 in rats. PEPT1 and OAT1/3 are the target transporters of DDIs between bestatin and cefixime in human kidney slices and human transfected cells, proposing possible drug-drug interaction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhong Zhen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.
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Abstract
The development of dialysis was a dramatic step forward in medicine, allowing people who would soon have died because of lack of kidney function to remain alive for years. We have since found, however, that the "artificial kidney" does not live up fully to its name. Dialysis keeps patients alive but not well. Part of the residual illness that dialysis patients experience is caused by retained waste solutes that dialysis does not remove as well as native kidney function does. New means are available to identify these toxic solutes, about which we currently know remarkably little, and knowledge of these solutes would help us to improve therapy. This review summarizes our current knowledge of toxic solutes and highlights methods being explored to identify additional toxic solutes and to enhance the clearance of these solutes to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; and
| | - Thomas H Hostetter
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Heussner AH, Dietrich DR. Primary porcine proximal tubular cells as an alternative to human primary renal cells in vitro: an initial characterization. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:55. [PMID: 24308307 PMCID: PMC4234457 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A good in vitro model should approximate an in vivo-like behavior as closely as possible in order to reflect most likely the in vivo situation. Regarding renal physiology of different species, humans are more closely related to pigs than to rodents, therefore primary porcine kidney cells (PKC) and their subsequent cell strain could be a valid alternative to primary human cells for renal in vitro toxicology. For this PKC must display inherent characteristics (e.g. structural organization) and functions (e.g. transepithelial transport) as observed under in vivo conditions within the respective part of the kidney. Results We carried out a comprehensive characterization of PKC and their subsequent cell strain, including morphology and growth as well as transporter expression and functionality. The data presented here demonstrate that PKC express various transporters including pMrp1 (abcc1), pMrp2 (abcc2), pOat1 (slc22a6) and pOat3 (slc22a8), whereas pMdr1 (abcb1) and pOatp1a2 (slco1a2) mRNA could not be detected in either the PKCs or in the porcine cortical tissue. Functionality of the transporters was demonstrated by determining the specific PAH transport kinetics. Conclusions On the basis of the presented results it can be concluded that PKC and to some extent their subsequent cell strain represent a valuable model for in vitro toxicology, which might be used as an alternative to human primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel R Dietrich
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Organic anion transporter 5 renal expression and urinary excretion in rats with vascular calcification. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:283429. [PMID: 24199190 PMCID: PMC3807842 DOI: 10.1155/2013/283429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been described renal damage in rats with vascular calcification. The organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) is only expressed in kidney, and its urinary excretion was proposed as potential early biomarker of renal injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Oat5 renal expression and its urinary excretion in an experimental model of vascular calcification in comparison with traditional markers of renal injury. Vascular calcification was obtained by the administration of an overdose of vitamin D3 (300,000 IU/kg, b.w., i.m.) to male Wistar rats. Oat5 urinary abundance was evaluated by Western blotting. Traditional markers of renal injury, such as creatinine and urea plasma levels, urinary protein levels, and urinary alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, were determined using commercial kits. Histology was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. Oat5 renal expression was evaluated by Western blotting and by immunohistochemistry. An increased expression of Oat5 in renal homogenates, in apical membranes, and in its urinary excretion was observed in rats with vascular calcification. The traditional parameters used to evaluate renal function were not modified, with the exception of histology. It is possible to postulate the urinary excretion of Oat5 as a potential noninvasive biomarker of renal injury associated with vascular calcification.
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Koepsell H. The SLC22 family with transporters of organic cations, anions and zwitterions. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:413-35. [PMID: 23506881 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The SLC22 family contains 13 functionally characterized human plasma membrane proteins each with 12 predicted α-helical transmembrane domains. The family comprises organic cation transporters (OCTs), organic zwitterion/cation transporters (OCTNs), and organic anion transporters (OATs). The transporters operate as (1) uniporters which mediate facilitated diffusion (OCTs, OCTNs), (2) anion exchangers (OATs), and (3) Na(+)/zwitterion cotransporters (OCTNs). They participate in small intestinal absorption and hepatic and renal excretion of drugs, xenobiotics and endogenous compounds and perform homeostatic functions in brain and heart. Important endogeneous substrates include monoamine neurotransmitters, l-carnitine, α-ketoglutarate, cAMP, cGMP, prostaglandins, and urate. It has been shown that mutations of the SLC22 genes encoding these transporters cause specific diseases like primary systemic carnitine deficiency and idiopathic renal hypouricemia and are correlated with diseases such as Crohn's disease and gout. Drug-drug interactions at individual transporters may change pharmacokinetics and toxicities of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Koepsell
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Koellikerstr. 6, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Yamamoto T, Hisatome I, Li Y, Cheng W, Sun N, Cai B, Huang T, Zhu Y, Li Z, Jing X, Zhou R, Cheng J. Uric acid induces oxidative stress and growth inhibition by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal pathways in pancreatic β cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 375:89-96. [PMID: 23707617 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricaemia is a disorder of purine metabolism, and is strongly associated with insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism. As the producer of insulin, pancreatic β cells might be affected by elevated serum uric acid levels and contribute to the disregulated glucose metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effect of high uric acid on rat pancreatic β cell function. Under high uric acid condition, proliferation of pancreatic β cells was inhibited, production of reactive oxygen species increased, and glucose stimulated insulin secretion was also compromised. Further examination on signal transduction pathways revealed that uric acid-induced ROS is involved in the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Pharmacological inhibition of ERK activation rescued β cells from growth inhibition. More importantly, activation of ERK induced by uric acid is significantly diminished by AMPK inhibitor, indicating ERK as a downstream target of AMPK in response to high uric acid condition. We also investigated the transportation channel for uric acid into pancreatic β cells. While major urate transporter URAT1 is not expressed in β cells, organic anion transporter (OAT) inhibitor successfully blocked the activation of ERK by uric acid. Our data indicate that high uric acid levels induce oxidative damage and inhibit growth of rat pancreatic β cells by activating the AMPK and ERK signal pathways. Hyperuricemia may contribute to abnormal glucose metabolism by causing oxidative damage and function inhibition of pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongneng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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