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Bae WC, Hahn L, Malis V, Mesa A, Vucevic D, Miyazaki M. Peripheral Non-Contrast MR Angiography Using FBI: Scan Time and T2 Blurring Reduction with 2D Parallel Imaging. J Imaging 2024; 10:223. [PMID: 39330443 PMCID: PMC11432976 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10090223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (NC-MRA), including fresh blood imaging (FBI), is a suitable choice for evaluating patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We evaluated standard FBI (sFBI) and centric ky-kz FBI (cFBI) acquisitions, using 1D and 2D parallel imaging factors (PIFs) to assess the trade-off between scan time and image quality due to blurring. The bilateral legs of four volunteers (mean age 33 years, two females) were imaged in the coronal plane using a body array coil with a posterior spine coil. Two types of sFBI and cFBI sequences with 1D PIF factor 5 in the phase encode (PE) direction (in-plane) and 2D PIF 3 (PE) × 2 (slice encode (SE)) (in-plane, through-slice) were studied. Image quality was evaluated by a radiologist, the vessel's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were measured, and major vessel width was measured on the coronal maximum intensity projection (MIP) and 80-degree MIP. Results showed significant time reductions from 184 to 206 s on average when using sFBI down to 98 to 162 s when using cFBI (p = 0.003). Similar SNRs (averaging 200 to 370 across all sequences and PIF) and CNRs (averaging 190 to 360) for all techniques (p > 0.08) were found. There was no significant difference in the image quality (averaging 4.0 to 4.5; p > 0.2) or vessel width (averaging 4.1 to 4.9 mm; p > 0.1) on coronal MIP due to sequence or PIF. However, vessel width measured using 80-degree MIP demonstrated a significantly wider vessel in cFBI (5.6 to 6.8 mm) compared to sFBI (4.5 to 4.7 mm) (p = 0.022), and in 1D (4.7 to 6.8 mm) compared to 2D (4.5 to 5.6 mm) (p < 0.05) PIF. This demonstrated a trade-off in T2 blurring between 1D and 2D PIF: 1D using a PIF of 5 shortened the acquisition window, resulting in sharper arterial blood vessels in coronal images but significant blur in the 80-degree MIP. Two-dimensional PIF for cFBI provided a good balance between shorter scan time (relative to sFBI) and good sharpness in both in- and through-plane, while no benefit of 2D PIF was seen for sFBI. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the usefulness of FBI-based techniques for peripheral artery imaging and underscored the need to strike a balance between scan time and image quality in different planes through the use of 2D parallel imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won C. Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (W.C.B.)
- Department of Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Lewis Hahn
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (W.C.B.)
| | - Vadim Malis
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (W.C.B.)
| | - Anya Mesa
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (W.C.B.)
| | - Diana Vucevic
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (W.C.B.)
| | - Mitsue Miyazaki
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (W.C.B.)
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Ishaque AH, Alvi MA, Pedro K, Fehlings MG. Imaging protocols for non-traumatic spinal cord injury: current state of the art and future directions. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:691-709. [PMID: 38879824 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2363839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) is a term used to describe damage to the spinal cord from sources other than trauma. Neuroimaging techniques such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have improved our ability to diagnose and manage NTSCIs. Several practice guidelines utilize MRI in the diagnostic evaluation of traumatic and non-traumatic SCI to direct surgical intervention. AREAS COVERED The authors review practices surrounding the imaging of various causes of NTSCI as well as recent advances and future directions for the use of novel imaging modalities in this realm. The authors also present discussions around the use of simple radiographs and advanced MRI modalities in clinical settings, and briefly highlight areas of active research that seek to advance our understanding and improve patient care. EXPERT OPINION Although several obstacles must be overcome, it appears highly likely that novel quantitative imaging features and advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) as well as machine learning (ML) will revolutionize degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) care by providing earlier diagnosis, accurate localization, monitoring for deterioration and neurological recovery, outcome prediction, and standardized practice. Some intriguing findings in these areas have been published, including the identification of possible serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, which are currently in the early phases of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah H Ishaque
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Ali Alvi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karlo Pedro
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Levitte S, Yarani R, Ganguly A, Martin L, Gubatan J, Nadel HR, Franc B, Gugig R, Syed A, Goyal A, Park KT, Thakor AS. Case Series of Precision Delivery of Methylprednisolone in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Feasibility, Clinical Outcomes, and Identification of a Vasculitic Transcriptional Program. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062386. [PMID: 36983386 PMCID: PMC10053508 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic steroid exposure, while useful for the treatment of acute flares in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is associated with an array of side effects that are particularly significant in children. Technical advancements have enabled locoregional intraarterial steroid delivery directly into specific segments of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby maximizing tissue concentration while limiting systemic exposure. We investigated the feasibility of intraarterial steroid administration into the bowel in a cohort of nine pediatric patients who had IBD. This treatment approach provided symptom relief in all patients, with sustained relief (>2 weeks) in seven out of nine; no serious adverse effects occurred in any patient. In addition, we identified patterns of vascular morphologic changes indicative of a vasculopathy within the mesenteric circulation of inflamed segments of the bowel in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease, which correlated with disease activity. An analysis of publicly available transcriptomic studies identified vasculitis-associated molecular pathways activated in the endothelial cells of patients with active Crohn's disease, suggesting a possible shared transcriptional program between vasculitis and IBD. Intraarterial corticosteroid treatment is safe and has the potential to be widely accepted as a locoregional approach for therapy delivery directly into the bowel; however, this approach still warrants further consideration as a short-term "bridge" between therapy transitions for symptomatic IBD patients with refractory disease, as part of a broader steroid-minimizing treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Levitte
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Reza Yarani
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Abantika Ganguly
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Lynne Martin
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Interventional Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Helen R Nadel
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Interventional Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Benjamin Franc
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Roberto Gugig
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ali Syed
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Interventional Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Alka Goyal
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - K T Park
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Interventional Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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He F, Zhu L, Zhou X, Zhang P, Cheng J, Qiao Y, Feng Y, Yue S, Xu M, Guan J, Li X, Ao Z, Qin M, Hou Y, Han D. Red Blood Cell Membrane-Coated Ultrasmall NaGdF 4 Nanoprobes for High-Resolution 3D Magnetic Resonance Angiography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26372-26381. [PMID: 35666237 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced angiography based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a noninvasive, robust, and high-resolution imaging technique for the clinical evaluation of vascular diseases. However, the effects of clinical Gd-chelating contrast agents are unsatisfactory for MRI contrast enhancement owing to their short blood half-life caused by rapid vascular extravasation, especially in microvessels. To address these issues, nanoprobes based on red blood cell membrane-coated ultrasmall NaGdF4 nanoparticles that exhibit much higher longitudinal molar relaxivity (r1) than the clinically used contrast agent gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid have been developed. Furthermore, the appropriate hydrodynamic diameter and stealth nature aid the nanoprobes to reside longer within the blood vessels without extravasation, thereby increasing the contrast between the blood vessels and surrounding tissues. Through probe-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography, the main arteries and veins of the mouse were readily discernible, and even tiny vessels with sub-millimeter diameters could be clearly depicted. With this level of outstanding MR angiography performance, the embolization and recanalization processes of the carotid artery can be serially monitored with high imaging resolution using only a single injection. Additionally, the results of clearance studies and the toxicity tests further highlight the safety features of the nanoprobe. To summarize, the nanoprobes used in this study exhibit less extravascular leakage and a longer blood half-life, thus successfully overcoming the defects of the conventional low-molecular-weight Gd-based contrast agents and demonstrating their potential usefulness in enhanced MR angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lichong Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100139, China
| | - Peisen Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junwei Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yicheng Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Saisai Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Man Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiaoqiong Guan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhuo Ao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100139, China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Hou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100139, China
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Ghodrati V, Rivenson Y, Prosper A, de Haan K, Ali F, Yoshida T, Bedayat A, Nguyen KL, Finn JP, Hu P. Automatic segmentation of peripheral arteries and veins in ferumoxytol-enhanced MR angiography. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:984-998. [PMID: 34611937 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To automate the segmentation of the peripheral arteries and veins in the lower extremities based on ferumoxytol-enhanced MR angiography (FE-MRA). METHODS Our automated pipeline has 2 sequential stages. In the first stage, we used a 3D U-Net with local attention gates, which was trained based on a combination of the Focal Tversky loss with region mutual loss under a deep supervision mechanism to segment the vasculature from the high-resolution FE-MRA datasets. In the second stage, we used time-resolved images to separate the arteries from the veins. Because the ultimate segmentation quality of the arteries and veins relies on the performance of the first stage, we thoroughly evaluated the different aspects of the segmentation network and compared its performance in blood vessel segmentation with currently accepted state-of-the-art networks, including Volumetric-Net, DeepVesselNet-FCN, and Uception. RESULTS We achieved a competitive F1 = 0.8087 and recall = 0.8410 for blood vessel segmentation compared with F1 = (0.7604, 0.7573, 0.7651) and recall = (0.7791, 0.7570, 0.7774) obtained with Volumetric-Net, DeepVesselNet-FCN, and Uception. For the artery and vein separation stage, we achieved F1 = (0.8274/0.7863) in the calf region, which is the most challenging region in peripheral arteries and veins segmentation. CONCLUSION Our pipeline is capable of fully automatic vessel segmentation based on FE-MRA without need for human interaction in <4 min. This method improves upon manual segmentation by radiologists, which routinely takes several hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghodrati
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yair Rivenson
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ashley Prosper
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin de Haan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fadil Ali
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Takegawa Yoshida
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arash Bedayat
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - J Paul Finn
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Spinal vascular lesions: anatomy, imaging techniques and treatment. Eur J Radiol Open 2021; 8:100369. [PMID: 34307789 PMCID: PMC8283341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2021.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular myelopathies include different aetiology and mechanism of damage. The level of the lesion and the localization within the SC correlates with the clinical symptoms. CT, MRI and angiography are essential for diagnosis and treatment playing a complementary role. MRI is the gold standard for the evaluation of spinal cord lesions. Spinal angiography is the gold standard for evaluation of spinal cord vasculature and vascular malformations.
Background Vascular lesions of the spinal cord are rare but potentially devastating conditions whose accurate recognition critically determines the clinical outcome. Several conditions lead to myelopathy due to either arterial ischemia, venous congestion or bleeding within the cord. The clinical presentation varies, according with the different aetiology and mechanism of damage. Purpose The aim is to provide a comprehensive review on the radiological features of the most common vascular myelopathies, passing through the knowledge of the vascular spinal anatomy and the clinical aspects of the different aetiologies, which is crucial to promptly address the diagnosis and the radiological assessment.
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Hill LK, Hoang DM, Chiriboga LA, Wisniewski T, Sadowski MJ, Wadghiri YZ. Detection of Cerebrovascular Loss in the Normal Aging C57BL/6 Mouse Brain Using in vivo Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:585218. [PMID: 33192479 PMCID: PMC7606987 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.585218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular rarefaction, or the decrease in vascular density, has been described in the cerebrovasculature of aging humans, rats, and, more recently, mice in the presence and absence of age-dependent diseases. Given the wide use of mice in modeling age-dependent human diseases of the cerebrovasculature, visualization, and quantification of the global murine cerebrovasculature is necessary for establishing the baseline changes that occur with aging. To provide in vivo whole-brain imaging of the cerebrovasculature in aging C57BL/6 mice longitudinally, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) was employed using a house-made gadolinium-bearing micellar blood pool agent. Enhancement in the vascular space permitted quantification of the detectable, or apparent, cerebral blood volume (aCBV), which was analyzed over 2 years of aging and compared to histological analysis of the cerebrovascular density. A significant loss in the aCBV was detected by CE-MRA over the aging period. Histological analysis via vessel-probing immunohistochemistry confirmed a significant loss in the cerebrovascular density over the same 2-year aging period, validating the CE-MRA findings. While these techniques use widely different methods of assessment and spatial resolutions, their comparable findings in detected vascular loss corroborate the growing body of literature describing vascular rarefaction aging. These findings suggest that such age-dependent changes can contribute to cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, which are modeled using wild-type and transgenic laboratory rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K. Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Dung Minh Hoang
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luis A. Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martin J. Sadowski
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Youssef Z. Wadghiri
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Abstract
To enable patient- and disease-specific diagnostic and treatment at the intracellular level in real time, it is imperative to engineer a perfect way to locally stimulate selected individual neurons, navigate and dispense a cargo of biomolecules into damaged cells or image sites with relatively high efficacy and with adequate spatial and temporal resolutions. Significant progress has been made using biotechnology; especially with the development of bioinformatics, there are endless molecular databases to identify biomolecules to target almost any disease-specific biomarker. Conversely, the technobiology approach that exploits advanced engineering to control underlying molecular mechanisms to recover biosystem's energy states at the molecular level as well as at the level of the entire network of cells (i.e., the internet of the human body) is still in its early research stage. The recently developed magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) provide a tool to enable the unique capabilities of technobiology. Using exemplary studies that could potentially lead to future pinpoint treatment and prevention of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and HIV, this article discusses how MENPs could become a vital enabling tool of technobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhrat Khizroev
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
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9
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Abstract
Non-invasive cross-sectional imaging techniques play a crucial role in the assessment of the varied manifestations of vascular disease. Vascular imaging encompasses a wide variety of pathology. Designing vascular imaging protocols can be challenging owing to the non-uniform velocity of blood in the aorta, differences in cardiac output between patients, and the effect of different disease states on blood flow. In this review, we provide the rationale behind—and a practical guide to—designing and implementing straightforward vascular computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols. Teaching Points • There is a wide range of vascular pathologies requiring bespoke imaging protocols. • Variations in cardiac output and non-uniform blood velocity complicate vascular imaging. • Contrast media dose, injection rate and duration affect arterial enhancement in CTA. • Iterative CT reconstruction can improve image quality and reduce radiation dose. • MRA is of particular value when imaging small arteries and venous studies.
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10
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Rosas DB, López H, Fernández N. Is magnetic resonance imaging teratogenic during pregnancy? Literature review. Rev Urol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.uroco.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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¿Es teratogénica la resonancia magnética durante el embarazo? Revisión de la literatura. Rev Urol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.uroco.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nelson BB, Goodrich LR, Barrett MF, Grinstaff MW, Kawcak CE. Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:410-424. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Nelson
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - L. R. Goodrich
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - M. F. Barrett
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - M. W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering and Medicine; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - C. E. Kawcak
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Laviña B. Brain Vascular Imaging Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010070. [PMID: 28042833 PMCID: PMC5297705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent major improvements in a number of imaging techniques now allow for the study of the brain in ways that could not be considered previously. Researchers today have well-developed tools to specifically examine the dynamic nature of the blood vessels in the brain during development and adulthood; as well as to observe the vascular responses in disease situations in vivo. This review offers a concise summary and brief historical reference of different imaging techniques and how these tools can be applied to study the brain vasculature and the blood-brain barrier integrity in both healthy and disease states. Moreover, it offers an overview on available transgenic animal models to study vascular biology and a description of useful online brain atlases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Oliveira IS, Hedgire SS, Li W, Ganguli S, Prabhakar AM. Blood pool contrast agents for venous magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2016; 6:508-518. [PMID: 28123972 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2016.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of the venous system plays a vital role in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of clinically significant disorders. There have been great advances in venous imaging techniques, culminating in the use of magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Although MRV has distinct advantages in anatomic and quantitative cross sectional imaging without ionizing radiation, there are well-known challenges in acquisition timing and contrast administration in patients with renal impairment. The latest advancement involves the addition of new contrast media agents, which have emerged as valuable alternatives in these difficult scenarios. In this review, we will focus on a group of specific contrast agents called blood pool agents and discuss their salient features and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irai S Oliveira
- Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandeep S Hedgire
- Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weier Li
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suvranu Ganguli
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand M Prabhakar
- Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Trotier AJ, Lefrançois W, Van Renterghem K, Franconi JM, Thiaudière E, Miraux S. Positive contrast high-resolution 3D-cine imaging of the cardiovascular system in small animals using a UTE sequence and iron nanoparticles at 4.7, 7 and 9.4 T. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:53. [PMID: 26149628 PMCID: PMC4493959 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To show that 3D sequences with ultra-short echo times (UTEs) can generate a positive contrast whatever the magnetic field (4.7, 7 or 9.4 T) and whatever Ultra Small Particles of Iron Oxide (USPIO) concentration injected and to use it for 3D time-resolved imaging of the murine cardiovascular system with high spatial and temporal resolutions. METHODS Three different concentrations (50, 200 and 500 μmol Fe/kg) of USPIO were injected in mice and static images of the middle part of the animals were acquired at 4.7, 7 and 9.4 T pre and post-contrast with UTE (TE/TR = 0.05/4.5 ms) sequences. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) of blood and static tissus were evaluated before and after contrast agent injection. 3D-cine images (TE/TR = 0.05/3.5 ms, scan time < 12 min) at 156 μm isotropic resolution of the mouse cardiopulmonary system were acquired prospectively with the UTE sequence for the three magnetic fields and with an USPIO dose of 200 μmol Fe/kg. SNR, CNR and signal homogeneity of blood were measured. High spatial (104 μm) or temporal (3.5 ms) resolution 3D-cine imaging (scan time < 35 min) isotropic resolution were also performed at 7 T with a new sequence encoding scheme. RESULTS UTE imaging generated positive contrast and higher SNR and CNR whatever the magnetic field and the USPIO concentration used compared to pre-contrast images. Time-resolved 3D acquisition enables high blood SNR (66.6 ± 4.5 at 7 T) and CNR (33.2 ± 4.2 at 7 T) without flow or motion artefact. Coronary arteries and aortic valve were visible on images acquired at 104 μm resolution. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that by combining the injection of iron nanoparticles with 3D-cine UTE sequences, it was possible to generate a strong positive contrast between blood and surrounding tissues. These properties were exploited to produce images of the cardiovascular system in small animals at high magnetic fields with a high spatial and temporal resolution. This approach might be useful to measure the functional cardiac parameters or to assess anatomical modifications to the blood vessels in cardio-vascular disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien J Trotier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Cedex 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - William Lefrançois
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Cedex 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Kris Van Renterghem
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Cedex 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Franconi
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Cedex 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Eric Thiaudière
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Cedex 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Sylvain Miraux
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Cedex 33076, Bordeaux, France.
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16
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Sorensen J, Wilks SA, Jacob AD, Huynh TTT. Screening for peripheral artery disease. Semin Roentgenol 2015; 50:139-47. [PMID: 25770344 DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Sorensen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sonia A Wilks
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alexis D Jacob
- Deparment of Vascular Surgery, PeaceHealth St.Joseph Hospital, Bellingham, WA
| | - Tam T T Huynh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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17
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Chhabra A, Ahlawat S, Belzberg A, Andreseik G. Peripheral nerve injury grading simplified on MR neurography: As referenced to Seddon and Sunderland classifications. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2014. [PMID: 25114384 DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.137025.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Seddon and Sunderland classifications have been used by physicians for peripheral nerve injury grading and treatment. While Seddon classification is simpler to follow and more relevant to electrophysiologists, the Sunderland grading is more often used by surgeons to decide when and how to intervene. With increasing availability of high-resolution and high soft-tissue contrast imaging provided by MR neurography, the surgical treatment can be guided following the above-described grading systems. The article discusses peripheral nerve anatomy, pathophysiology of nerve injury, traditional grading systems for classifying the severity of nerve injury, and the role of MR neurography in this domain, with respective clinical and surgical correlations, as one follows the anatomic paths of various nerve injury grading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneesh Chhabra
- Department of Radiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shivani Ahlawat
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allan Belzberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gustav Andreseik
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Chhabra A, Ahlawat S, Belzberg A, Andreseik G. Peripheral nerve injury grading simplified on MR neurography: As referenced to Seddon and Sunderland classifications. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2014; 24:217-24. [PMID: 25114384 PMCID: PMC4126136 DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.137025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Seddon and Sunderland classifications have been used by physicians for peripheral nerve injury grading and treatment. While Seddon classification is simpler to follow and more relevant to electrophysiologists, the Sunderland grading is more often used by surgeons to decide when and how to intervene. With increasing availability of high-resolution and high soft-tissue contrast imaging provided by MR neurography, the surgical treatment can be guided following the above-described grading systems. The article discusses peripheral nerve anatomy, pathophysiology of nerve injury, traditional grading systems for classifying the severity of nerve injury, and the role of MR neurography in this domain, with respective clinical and surgical correlations, as one follows the anatomic paths of various nerve injury grading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneesh Chhabra
- Department of Radiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shivani Ahlawat
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allan Belzberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gustav Andreseik
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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19
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Trotier AJ, Lefrançois W, Ribot EJ, Thiaudiere E, Franconi JM, Miraux S. Time-resolved TOF MR angiography in mice using a prospective 3D radial double golden angle approach. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:984-94. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien J. Trotier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - William Lefrançois
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Emeline J. Ribot
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Eric Thiaudiere
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Jean-Michel Franconi
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Sylvain Miraux
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
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20
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Ong MM, Hausotter K, Pilz LR, Schoenberg SO, Michaely HJ. Steady state vascular imaging with extracellular gadobutrol: evaluation of the additional diagnostic benefit in patients who have undergone a peripheral magnetic resonance angiography protocol. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013; 15:97. [PMID: 24156379 PMCID: PMC4015531 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the feasibility and additional diagnostic benefit of a high-resolution steady state 3D-volume interpolated breath-hold exam (VIBE) sequence between a continuous table movement (CTM) MR angiography of the entire runoff vasculature and a time-resolved (TWIST) MRA of the calves. METHODS In this retrospective IRB approved study 224 patients (72 women, 152 men, mean age 67.29 ± 13.9) were included who had undergone a low-dose MR angiographic protocol at 3T (Siemens TimTrio) after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol including a CTM MRA, a time-resolved MRA of the calf station and a steady state 3D VIBE sequence prior to the time-resolved MRA. One board-certified radiologist rated the image quality of the steady state VIBE sequences on an ordinal three point scale (excellent, good, poor) and analyzed the images for additional diagnostic findings of and beyond the vascular system in comparison to the CTM MRA and the time-resolved MRA. Descriptive statistics and demographic patient data were used for further evaluation. RESULTS The image quality of the steady state imaging of the pelvis, upper and lower leg was excellent in up to 88%, 84% and 47%, respectively, while poor image quality was only detected in the upper (2%) and lower leg (6%). An additional diagnostic benefit was found in 44% of the patients overall. The most common relevant pathologies included inflammatory processes of the soft tissues (26%), thrombi (14%), abscesses (13%) and tumors (11%). In subgroups of patients above the age of 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 years an additional pathology was found in 50% 33%, 44%, 65% and 58%, respectively. There was no significant difference in terms of additional findings between men and women (46% and 39%, p > 0.05) and inpatients and outpatients (42% and 45%, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Steady state imaging is also feasible with extracellular contrast agents with good image quality yielding additional diagnostic findings in up to 44% and above in patients older than 60 years of age irrespective of gender or patient status. Given the short acquisition time of 4 minutes this sequence could be added to all peripheral MRA exams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Ong
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Hausotter
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar R Pilz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schoenberg
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henrik J Michaely
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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21
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Pollak AW, Kramer CM. MRI in Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease: Recent Advancements. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2013; 6:55-60. [PMID: 23336015 PMCID: PMC3547388 DOI: 10.1007/s12410-012-9175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of peripheral arterial disease by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging continues to develop. Of the clinical diagnostics tests currently available, magnetic resonance angiography is well established as one of the preferred techniques for determining areas of arterial occlusive disease affecting the lower extremities. Despite this, there have been new developments in non-gadolinium based contrast-enhanced studies as well as testing done at higher field strength scanners. In the research arena, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, calf muscle perfusion imaging and atherosclerotic plaque evaluation all have made significant advancements over the last year. These techniques are gaining traction as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials of novel therapeutics aimed at alleviating symptoms in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy W. Pollak
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Christopher M. Kramer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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