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Peruga M, Kawala B, Sarul M, Kotowicz J, Lis J. Are Currently Selected Laboratory Animals Useful in the Research of How Female Hormones Influence Orthodontic Biomechanics? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040629. [PMID: 36830416 PMCID: PMC9951669 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal testing was and remains the only method of introducing a certain treatment and medical procedure on humans. On the other hand, animals have their rights resulting from applicable legal acts, including Directive 2010/63/EU and, indirectly, the World Medical Association International Code of Medical Ethics (Helsinki Declaration, 1975, amended 2000). Thus, the question arises whether the credibility of the results of hormonal and orthodontic tests obtained so far and their usefulness for the human population is scientifically justified and worth sacrificing laboratory animals for. Especially that, according to statistical data, about 50% of laboratory animals are euthanized at the conclusion of the experiments. The aim of this article was to determine whether animal experiments are scientifically or morally justified in bringing significant evidence in studies that may validate the influence of changes in the concentration of female hormones secreted by the ovaries in various phases of the menstrual cycle in young patients on the duration of an increased tooth movement rate in orthodontic treatment. Papers reporting the results of the original research into female hormones, either natural or exogeneous ones, likely to alternate the orthodontic tooth movement rate were critically evaluated in terms of animal selection. Thorough analysis supported by veterinary knowledge proved that none of the publications enabled an extrapolation of the results to humans. The evaluation of the relation between the rate of tooth movement upon loading with orthodontic forces and hormones either secreted during the menstrual cycle of women or released from the contraceptives already present in the market, does not require sacrificing laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beata Kawala
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Sarul
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Lis
- Independent Adult Orthodontics Clinic, Department of Dentofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wrocław, Poland
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Kramer RM, Sheh A, Toolan CH, Muthupalani S, Carrasco SE, Artim SC, Burns MA, Fox JG. Factors Affecting Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Common Marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:113-131. [PMID: 34996528 PMCID: PMC8956218 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Physiologic changes during development, aging, and pregnancy may affect clinical parameters. Previously available reference values have been based on samples that may include wild and captive marmosets, with little representation of geriatric or pregnant animals. Establishing reference values under various conditions would support better recognition of pathologic conditions in marmosets. One hundred and forty-seven (70 males and 77 females) healthy marmosets from a research colony were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were abnormal physical exam findings at the time of blood sampling, chronic medications, or clinical or pathologic evidence of disease. Reference intervals were calculated for serum chemistry and hematology. Using metadata, samples were classified based on age, sex, colony source and pregnancy status. Multiple tests indicated significant differences with varying effect sizes, indicating that developing reference intervals based on metadata can be useful. Across all the comparisons, medium or large effect sizes were observed most frequently in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), calcium, total protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), weight and serum albumin. We report normative clinical pathologic data for captive common marmosets through all life stages and reproductive status. Significant differences were observed in most parameters when stratifying data based on age, sex, colony source, or pregnancy, suggesting that developing reference intervals considering this information is important for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Kramer
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Equal contributors
| | - Alexander Sheh
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Equal contributors
| | - Carolyn H Toolan
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Sebastian E Carrasco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Current affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Stephen C Artim
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Current affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Monika A Burns
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Current affiliation: Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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Bau-Gaudreault L, Arndt T, Provencher A, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Clinical Pathology Resources: Emphasis on Mice, Rats, Rabbits, Dogs, Minipigs, and Non-Human Primates. ILAR J 2021; 62:203-222. [PMID: 34877602 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pathology testing for investigative or biomedical research and for preclinical toxicity and safety assessment in laboratory animals is a distinct specialty requiring an understanding of species specific and other influential variables on results and interpretation. This review of clinical pathology principles and testing recommendations in laboratory animal species aims to provide a useful resource for researchers, veterinary specialists, toxicologists, and clinical or anatomic pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Bau-Gaudreault
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tara Arndt
- Labcorp Drug Development, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Anne Provencher
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chmurska-Gąsowska M, Bojarski B, Szała L. Haematological changes in rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) in the course of pregnancy. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210013. [PMID: 34306215 PMCID: PMC8291775 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of haematological parameters is an important element of the assessment of the physiological condition of animals. Haematological parameters may change both under the influence of various external factors, and in the course of normal pregnancy, which has been found in various species of mammals, including rabbits. Our study showed statistically significant (p<0.05) changes in basic haematological parameters: RBC (decrease; 5.87±0.48 at day 15 vs. 5.42±0.32 T/L at day 26), MCH (increase; 1.35±0.04 before matching vs. 1.41±0.03 fmol at day 26), RDW (decrease; 15.77±1.80 at day 15 vs. 14.27±1.57% at day 26) MPV (increase; 5.17±0.31 at day 15 vs. 5.92±0.70 fL at day 26), WBC (decrease; 8.60±2.57 at day 15 vs. 4.94±0.88 G/L at day 26) and PLT (decrease; 398.17±91.67 before matching vs. 271.67±61.72 G/L at day 26) in Termond White rabbits and RBC (decrease; 6.18±0.68 before matching vs. 5.68±0.54 T/L at day 26), Hb (decrease; 8.00±0.90 before matching vs. 7.32±0.71 mmol/L at day 26), MCH (decrease; 1.32±0.05 at day 15 vs. 1.29±0.04 fmol at day 26) and WBC (decrease; 9.62±1.81 before matching vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26 as well as 9.58±2.35 at day 15 vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26) in Popielno White rabbits. Moreover, in the Popielno White rabbits we recorded a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the percentage of irregular erythrocytes at the end of pregnancy (11.00±10.02 at day 15 vs. 3.00±4.94 at day 26). The changes appear to be physiological but should be considered in studies using rabbits as model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chmurska-Gąsowska
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bojarski
- Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Polish Academy of Sciences, Chybie, Poland
| | - Leszek Szała
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Klymets HV, Iskra RY, Svarchevska OZ. Hematological parameters and protein metabolism in the blood of pregnant rats under the effect of vanadium citrate. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dose-dependent changes in protein metabolism in the blood and hematological parameters of pregnant rats under the effect of vanadium citrate are presented in the article. The animals were divided into five groups: group I – non-pregnant females, II – pregnant females consuming pure water without additives, III, IV, V – females which during the mating and pregnancy period received the solution of vanadium citrate at concentrations of 0.03, 0.125 and 0.50 μg V/mL water. The research findings show that in pregnant animals of group II, the level of urea and alkaline phosphatase activity increased, meanwhile aspartate aminotransferase activity decreased, as compared to the non-pregnant females of group І. The levels of total protein and albumin decreased; however, the content of β-globulins increased in the pregnant animals of group II, as compared with that in group I. Also, in the rats of group II, there was a decrease in hemolysis time, total content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, the content of old and mature erythrocytes, while the content of young erythrocytes increased, as compared to group I. The platelet content and thrombocrit in rats of group II increased in comparison with group I. The content of leukocytes and lymphocytes in pregnant animals of group II decreased, while the content of granulocytes increased, in contrast to non-pregnant rats. Under the effect of vanadium citrate at concentrations of 0.03–0.50 μg V/mL, there was a significant increase in the maximum number of prohemolized erythrocytes, the time of maximum hemolysis was delayed by 0.4–0.6 min, as compared with the pregnant rats of group II. This did not affect the time of total hemolysis in rats of groups III and V, as compared with the pregnant animals in group II. Under the effect of vanadium citrate, an increase in the content of young erythrocytes was observed, as compared with group II. The hemoglobin content decreased at the concentration of 0.125 μg V/mL, while at the concentration of 0.50 μg V/mL it increased, as compared to the pregnant animals of group II. Also, under the effect of vanadium citrate there was a decrease in the mean hemoglobin concentration in the erythrocyte. In pregnant animals fed with vanadium citrate solutions, the platelet content and thrombocrit, the relative width of platelet distribution by volume decreased, as compared with the pregnant rats of group II. The content of leukocytes, lymphocytes and granulocytes under the effect of vanadium citrate increased, as compared with the pregnant animals in group II. Under the effect of vanadium citrate at the concentration of 0.03 μg V/mL, the level of albumin, creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase activity increased in blood plasma in comparison with group II. Meanwhile, at the concentration of 0.125 μg V/mL, the relative content of γ-globulins and aspartate aminotransferase activity increased, alkaline phosphatase activity and urea level decreased in comparison with group II. However at the concentration of 0.50 μg V/mL, the relative α- and γ-globulins content and aspartate aminotransferase activity increased, at the same time, the relative β-globulins content and urea level decreased in comparison with group II. Therefore, vanadium citrate normalizes the indicators of protein metabolism during pregnancy, thus it can be considered as a potential dietary drug for the pregnant.
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Bowman CE, Arany Z, Wolfgang MJ. Regulation of maternal-fetal metabolic communication. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1455-1486. [PMID: 33084944 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy may be the most nutritionally sensitive stage in the life cycle, and improved metabolic health during gestation and early postnatal life can reduce the risk of chronic disease in adulthood. Successful pregnancy requires coordinated metabolic, hormonal, and immunological communication. In this review, maternal-fetal metabolic communication is defined as the bidirectional communication of nutritional status and metabolic demand by various modes including circulating metabolites, endocrine molecules, and other secreted factors. Emphasis is placed on metabolites as a means of maternal-fetal communication by synthesizing findings from studies in humans, non-human primates, domestic animals, rabbits, and rodents. In this review, fetal, placental, and maternal metabolic adaptations are discussed in turn. (1) Fetal macronutrient needs are summarized in terms of the physiological adaptations in place to ensure their proper allocation. (2) Placental metabolite transport and maternal physiological adaptations during gestation, including changes in energy budget, are also discussed. (3) Maternal nutrient limitation and metabolic disorders of pregnancy serve as case studies of the dynamic nature of maternal-fetal metabolic communication. The review concludes with a summary of recent research efforts to identify metabolites, endocrine molecules, and other secreted factors that mediate this communication, with particular emphasis on serum/plasma metabolomics in humans, non-human primates, and rodents. A better understanding of maternal-fetal metabolic communication in health and disease may reveal novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn E Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Jeakle MM, Major TC, Meyerhoff ME, Bartlett RH. Comparison of Diazeniumdiolated Dialkylhexanediamines as Nitric Oxide Release Agents on Nonthrombogenicity in an Extracorporeal Circulation Model. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:466-476. [PMID: 35019463 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When blood from a patient is circulated through extracorporeal circuits (ECCs), such as in cardiopulmonary bypass or extracorporeal life support, platelets in the blood are activated and form a thrombus. This is prevented clinically with a range of different systemic anticoagulation agents (e.g., heparin); however, this increases a patient's risk of hemorrhage. Previous work with nitric oxide (NO) releasing materials using the combined diazeniumdiolated diamine, N-N-di-N'-butyl-1,6-hexanediamine (DBHD), and a polymer-linked thrombin inhibitor, argatroban (AG), showed significant nonthrombogenicity in ECCs using a 4 h rabbit model. Herein, we evaluated if diazeniumdiolated N-N-di-N'-propyl-1,6-hexanediamine (DPHDN2O2), which has a slightly lower degree of lipophilicity compared to DBHDN2O2, would provide similar nonthrombogenicity as the AG/DBHDN2O2-polymer-coated circuits. While DPHDN2O2 releases NO at a higher flux rate than DBHDN2O2 when coated (within CarboSil polymer) on the inner wall of polyvinyl chloride tubing, neither coated circuit significantly affected animal hemodynamics. Both diazeniumdiolated diamines, in combination with immobilized AG or alone, significantly reduced thrombus formation similarly in the 4 h rabbit model (vs uncoated control): AG/DBHDN2O2: 0.12 ± 0.03 cm2; DBHDN2O2: 2.57 ± 0.82 cm2; AG/DPHDN2O2: 0.68 ± 0.22 cm2; DPHDN2O2: 1.87 + 1.26 cm2; uncoated control: 6.95 ± 0.82 cm2. AG/DPHDN2O2 was no different than AG/DBHDN2O in preserving platelet count and function. In addition, AG did not leach into the systemic circulation as the total clotting times were insignificantly different from the baseline values (AG/DPHDN2O2: 12.7 + 0.5 s (n = 3); AG/DBHDN2O2: 12.3 + 0.7 s (n = 3); baseline: 13.9 + 0.3 s (n = 13)). Based on these results, both DPHDN2O2 and DPHDN2O2 are good candidates as NO donor molecules for creating nonthrombogenic polymer coatings for ECCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Jeakle
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Terry C Major
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark E Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert H Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Siegel A, M. Walton R. Hematology and Biochemistry of Small Mammals. FERRETS, RABBITS, AND RODENTS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7258700 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-48435-0.00039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Barratclough A, Gomez FM, Morey JS, Deming A, Parry C, Meegan JM, Carlin KP, Schwacke L, Venn-Watson S, Jensen ED, Smith CR. Pregnancy profiles in the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Clinical biochemical and hematological variations during healthy gestation and a successful outcome. Theriogenology 2019; 142:92-103. [PMID: 31585227 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The physiological demands of pregnancy inevitably result in changes of both biochemical and hematological parameters as the fetus develops. Alterations in blood parameters have been observed to shift according to both trimester and species, to support fetal physiological needs and maternal basal requirements. Establishing normal reference ranges for each stage in gestation is important to facilitate diagnosis of underlying health concerns and prevent over-diagnosing abnormalities. Despite bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) being one of the most highly studied cetaceans, the blood profile changes occurring as a result of pregnancy have not been previously described. A retrospective analysis was performed from blood samples obtained from 42 successful pregnancies from 20 bottlenose dolphins in a managed population over 30 years. Samples were compared to non-pregnant states and among trimesters of pregnancy. Blood profile fluctuations occurred throughout gestation, however significant alterations predominantly occurred between the 2nd and 3rd trimester. Hematological changes from the 2nd to the 3rd trimester included a decrease in lymphocytes, decrease in platelet count, and hemoconcentration with increased hematocrit and hemoglobin. Biochemical changes in the 3rd trimester included significant reductions in ALKP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) with significant increases observed in albumin, globulins, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and CO2. It's important to note that despite significant shifts occurring between the 2nd and 3rd trimester, there was no significant change in platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, lymphocytes or CO2 between non-pregnant and 3rd trimester blood samples. The normal reference ranges for each trimester established herein, will enable future identification of abnormalities occurring during pregnancy and help improve our understanding of factors potentially influencing a failed or successful pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Barratclough
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92106, United States.
| | - Forrest M Gomez
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92106, United States.
| | - Jeanine S Morey
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92106, United States.
| | - Alissa Deming
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92106, United States
| | - Celeste Parry
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92106, United States.
| | - Jennifer M Meegan
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92106, United States.
| | - Kevin P Carlin
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92106, United States; U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, CA, 92152, United States.
| | - Lori Schwacke
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92106, United States.
| | - Stephanie Venn-Watson
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92106, United States
| | - Eric D Jensen
- U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, CA, 92152, United States.
| | - Cynthia R Smith
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92106, United States.
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Rodríguez M, García-García RM, Arias-Álvarez M, Formoso-Rafferty N, Millán P, López-Tello J, Lorenzo PL, González-Bulnes A, Rebollar PG. A diet supplemented with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids influences the metabomscic and endocrine response of rabbit does and their offspring. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:2690-2700. [PMID: 28727047 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the productive, endocrine, and metabomscic responses as well as oxidative stress of rabbit does and their offspring when fed a diet supplemented with -3 PUFA during their first productive cycle. To this aim, a total of 105 rabbit does were fed ad mscibitum from d 60 to 172 of age 2 isoenergetic and isoproteic diets differing in fatty acid composition. The control diet ( = 52 does) contained 45.9 g/kg of -3 of the total fatty acids and the enriched diet ( = 53 does) contained 149.2 g/kg of -3 of the total fatty acids. Both experimental groups had similar feed intake during rearing, pregnancy, and lactation. The enrichment of diet had no effect on ultrasonographic assessment of does on d 9 and 16 of pregnancy, with an embryonic vesicle number and fetus and placenta size similar between groups ( > 0.05). Even though there were no major effects ( > 0.05) on fertimscity, duration of gestation, and number born amscive and stillborn kits at parturition, mscive kits from enriched does were longer (71.6 ± 2.42 vs. 79.5 ± 2.13 mm; < 0.05) and tended to be heavier (42.5 ± 3.94 vs. 50.8 ± 3.47 g; = 0.07) than those from control does ( < 0.05). The 2 groups had similar milk production and mortamscity values during lactation; consequently, there were no differences between diets in ADG, mscitter weight, and number of weaned kits ( > 0.05). In enriched does, higher plasma leptin and estradiol concentrations than in control does ( < 0.05) were observed. In addition, enriched females also had lower total and high-density mscipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) than control females during lactation ( < 0.05). Regarding offspring, the enrichment of diet with PUFA caused a hypermscipidemic status (greater values of plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL-c; < 0.05) at 1 d postpartum (dpp), compared with the control group, that disappeared at 32 dpp. Supplemented does before parturition and their offspring at 1 dpp had greater oxidative stress than those in the control group. In conclusion, an increase of -3 PUFA concentration in the diet of rabbit does and, consequently, of their offspring during a productive cycle alters their mscipid profile and the indicators of oxidative stress, without major endocrine modifications or improvements in the productive variables.
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Shin M, Park SG, Oh BC, Kim K, Jo S, Lee MS, Oh SS, Hong SH, Shin EC, Kim KS, Kang SW, Lee H. Complete prevention of blood loss with self-sealing haemostatic needles. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:147-152. [PMID: 27698353 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bleeding is largely unavoidable following syringe needle puncture of biological tissues and, while inconvenient, this typically causes little or no harm in healthy individuals. However, there are certain circumstances where syringe injections can have more significant side effects, such as uncontrolled bleeding in those with haemophilia, coagulopathy, or the transmission of infectious diseases through contaminated blood. Herein, we present a haemostatic hypodermic needle able to prevent bleeding following tissue puncture. The surface of the needle is coated with partially crosslinked catechol-functionalized chitosan that undergoes a solid-to-gel phase transition in situ to seal punctured tissues. Testing the capabilities of these haemostatic needles, we report complete prevention of blood loss following intravenous and intramuscular injections in animal models, and 100% survival in haemophiliac mice following syringe puncture of the jugular vein. Such self-sealing haemostatic needles and adhesive coatings may therefore help to prevent complications associated with bleeding in more clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Shin
- The Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gurl Park
- Predictive Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chang Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keumyeon Kim
- R&D Center, InnoTherapy Inc., Seoul 07327, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeon Jo
- R&D Center, InnoTherapy Inc., Seoul 07327, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sue Lee
- R&D Center, InnoTherapy Inc., Seoul 07327, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Song Oh
- Meta-Biomed Co., Cheongju, Chungbuk 28161, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hui Hong
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Suk Kim
- Predictive Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Predictive Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeshin Lee
- The Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, InnoTherapy Inc., Seoul 07327, Republic of Korea
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Parrish WR, Bhattacharyya S, Mafilios M. Comparison of the Acute Inflammatory Response of 2 Commercial PRP Systems: Letter to the Editor. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:NP69-NP70. [PMID: 27903573 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516680781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Rabbit dietary supplementation with pale purple coneflower. 1. Effects on the reproductive performance and immune parameters of does. Animal 2016; 10:1101-9. [PMID: 26763800 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115002979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinacea pallida (EPAL), also known as pale purple coneflower, is a herbaceous flowering plant with immune-enhancement and antioxidative properties. The effect of EPAL on the reproductive performance, serum biochemistry and haematological parameters of rabbit does has been studied here. A total of 100, 21-week-old Grimaud rabbit does, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 3 g EPAL/kg diet (Echinacea group, E), while the other was fed the basal diet without the supplementation (control group, C). The reproductive performance of the does was not affected by the treatment (P>0.05). The haematological parameters of pregnant rabbits showed that there was no interaction between gestation day and treatment. The EPAL supplementation induced a reduction (-47.3%) in the basophil cell rate (0.55% and 0.29%, for the control and treatment groups, respectively; P=0.049). The gestation day significantly affected most of the haematological parameters (P<0.05). The white blood cell counts declined progressively after day 14. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume and eosinophils increased steadily throughout the study, and reached a maximum value on day 28. The red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and neutrophils increased slightly up to day 14, and then subsequently decreased progressively until day 28. The lymphocytes and platelet distribution width decreased until day 14, and then increased to a maximum value on day 28. No significant effect of gestation day or treatment was observed on the blood serum chemistry. As far as the immune parameters are concerned, no significant differences were observed between groups, while a significant effect of gestation day was observed for lysozymes (6.02 v. 7.99 v. 1.91; for 0, 14 and 28 days, respectively; P=0.014). In conclusion, a lack of effect of EPAL has been observed. In fact, no impacts of EPAL have been observed on the reproductive or haematological parameters of the does. The effects of dietary supplementation with EPAL on the performances, bacterial community, blood parameters and immunity in growing rabbits are reported in the second part of this study.
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Struble E, Harrouk W, DeFelice A, Tesfamariam B. Nonclinical aspects of venous thrombosis in pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:190-200. [PMID: 26404176 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state which carries an excess risk of maternal venous thrombosis. Endothelial injury, alterations in blood flow and activation of the coagulation pathway are proposed to contribute to the hypercoagulability. The risk for thrombosis may be accentuated by certain drugs and device implants that directly or indirectly affect the coagulation pathway. To help ensure that these interventions do not result in adverse maternal or fetal outcomes during pregnancy, gravid experimental animals can be exposed to such treatments at various stages of gestation and over a dosage range that would identify hazards and inform risk assessment. Circulating soluble biomarkers can also be evaluated for enhancing the assessment of any increased risk of venous thrombosis during pregnancy. In addition to traditional in vivo animal testing, efforts are under way to incorporate reliable non-animal methods in the assessment of embryofetal toxicity and thrombogenic effects. This review summarizes hemostatic balance during pregnancy in animal species, embryofetal development, biomarkers of venous thrombosis, and alterations caused by drug-induced venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Struble
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Wafa Harrouk
- Division of Nonprescription Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Albert DeFelice
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Belay Tesfamariam
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Robeck TR, Nollens HH. Hematological and serum biochemical analytes reflect physiological challenges during gestation and lactation in killer whales (Orcinus orca). Zoo Biol 2013; 32:497-509. [PMID: 23813680 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gestation and lactation result in metabolic alterations of the dam because of varying demands of the fetus and offspring during the different stages of development. Despite killer whales (Orcinus orca) having one of the longest gestations and highest birth weights of all mammals in human care, these metabolic alterations, and their impact on the physiology of the dam have not been measured. The objectives of this analysis were to determine if physiologic demands on the killer whale during pregnancy and lactation have measurable effects on hematology and biochemical analytes and if detectable, to compare these changes to those which are observed in other mammalian species. Forty hematologic and biochemical analytes from seven female killer whales (22 pregnancies, 1,507 samples) were compared between the following stages: (1) non-pregnant or lactating (control); (2) gestation; and (3) the first 12 months of lactation. Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell counts were indicative of plasma volume expansion during mid and late gestation. The killer whales exhibited a progressively increasing physiologic inflammatory state leading up to parturition. Gestation and lactation caused significant shifts in the serum lipid profiles. Gestation and lactation cause significant physiologic changes in the killer whale dam. The last 12 months of gestation had greater physiological impact than lactation, but changes associated with and immediately following parturition were the most dramatic. During this period, killer whales may experience increased susceptibility to illness, and anthropogenic and environmental disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Robeck
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Corporation, San Diego, California
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Li L, Su J, Li J, Peng F, Wu H, Ye D, Chen H. A microfluidic platform for osmotic fragility test of red blood cells. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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KHAN H, KUSAKABE KT, WAKITANI S, HIYAMA M, KISO Y. Quantitative Expression and Immunohistochemical Detection of Glucose Transporters, GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the Rabbit Placenta during Successful Pregnancy. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1177-83. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamayun KHAN
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Shoichi WAKITANI
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Masato HIYAMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Yasuo KISO
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
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Haneda R, Mizoguchi Y, Matsuoka T, Mizuguchi H, Endoh T, Fukuda K, Asano Y. Changes in blood parameters in pregnant Japanese White rabbits. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 35:773-8. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.35.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Haneda
- Kannami Laboratory, Bozo Research Center Inc., Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takako Endoh
- Kannami Laboratory, Bozo Research Center Inc., Japan
| | - Kazuya Fukuda
- Kannami Laboratory, Bozo Research Center Inc., Japan
| | - Yuzo Asano
- Kannami Laboratory, Bozo Research Center Inc., Japan
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Yahia D, El-Nasser MA, Abedel-Latif M, Tsukuba C, Yoshida M, Sato I, Tsuda S. Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure to pregnant mice on reproduction. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 35:527-533. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.35.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doha Yahia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Mahmoud Abd El-Nasser
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University
| | - Manal Abedel-Latif
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University
| | - Chiaki Tsukuba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Midori Yoshida
- Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Itaru Sato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Shuji Tsuda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
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