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Shi Q, Wang X, Pradhan AK, Fenzl T, Rammes G. The Effects of Sevoflurane and Aβ Interaction on CA1 Dendritic Spine Dynamics and MEGF10-Related Astrocytic Synapse Engulfment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7393. [PMID: 39000499 PMCID: PMC11242502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
General anesthetics may accelerate the neuropathological changes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), of which amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced toxicity is one of the main causes. However, the interaction of general anesthetics with different Aβ-isoforms remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of sevoflurane (0.4 and 1.2 maximal alveolar concentration (MAC)) on four Aβ species-induced changes on dendritic spine density (DSD) in hippocampal brain slices of Thy1-eGFP mice and multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains 10 (MEGF10)-related astrocyte-mediated synaptic engulfment in hippocampal brain slices of C57BL/6 mice. We found that both sevoflurane and Aβ downregulated CA1-dendritic spines. Moreover, compared with either sevoflurane or Aβ alone, pre-treatment with Aβ isoforms followed by sevoflurane application in general further enhanced spine loss. This enhancement was related to MEGF10-related astrocyte-dependent synaptic engulfment, only in AβpE3 + 1.2 MAC sevoflurane and 3NTyrAβ + 1.2 MAC sevoflurane condition. In addition, removal of sevoflurane alleviated spine loss in Aβ + sevoflurane. In summary, these results suggest that both synapses and astrocytes are sensitive targets for sevoflurane; in the presence of 3NTyrAβ, 1.2 MAC sevoflurane alleviated astrocyte-mediated synaptic engulfment and exerted a lasting effect on dendritic spine remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfang Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Arpit Kumar Pradhan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fenzl
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rammes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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2
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Bertho A, Ortiz R, Maurin M, Juchaux M, Gilbert C, Espenon J, Ramasamy G, Patriarca A, De Marzi L, Pouzoulet F, Prezado Y. Thoracic Proton Minibeam Radiation Therapy: Tissue Preservation and Survival Advantage Over Conventional Proton Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)00510-8. [PMID: 38621606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is an innovative radiation therapy approach that highly modulates the spatial dimension of the dose delivery using narrow, parallel, and submillimetric proton beamlets. pMBRT has proven its remarkable healthy tissue preservation in the brain and skin. This study assesses the potential advantages of pMBRT for thoracic irradiations compared with conventional radiation therapy in terms of normal tissue toxicity. The challenge here was the influence of respiratory motion on the typical peak and valley dose patterns of pMBRT and its potential biologic effect. METHODS AND MATERIALS The whole thorax of naïve C57BL/6 mice received one fraction of high dose (18 Gy) pMBRT or conventional proton therapy (CPT) without any respiratory control. The development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis was longitudinally monitored using cone beam computed tomography. Anatomopathologic analysis was carried out at 9 months postirradiation and focused on the reaction of the lungs' parenchyma and the response of cell types involved in the development of radiation-induced fibrosis and lung regeneration as alveolar type II epithelial cells, club cells, and macrophages. RESULTS pMBRT has milder effects on survival, skin reactions, and lung fibrosis compared with CPT. The pMBRT-induced lung changes were more regional and less severe, with evidence of potential reactive proliferation of alveolar type II epithelial cells and less extensive depletion of club cells and macrophage invasion than the more damaging effects observed in CPT. CONCLUSIONS pMBRT appears suitable to treat moving targets, holding a significant ability to preserve healthy lung tissue, even without respiratory control or precise targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Bertho
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Ramon Ortiz
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Juchaux
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Cristèle Gilbert
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Julie Espenon
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Gabriel Ramasamy
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Département de Recherche Translationnelle, CurieCoreTech-Experimental Radiation therapy (RadeXp), Paris, France
| | - Annalisa Patriarca
- Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Radiation Oncology Department, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL University, Orsay, France
| | - Ludovic De Marzi
- Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Radiation Oncology Department, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL University, Orsay, France; Institut Curie, Campus Universitaire, PSL University, University Paris Saclay, INSERM, Orsay
| | - Frédéric Pouzoulet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Département de Recherche Translationnelle, CurieCoreTech-Experimental Radiation therapy (RadeXp), Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL University, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France
| | - Yolanda Prezado
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France.
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3
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Joyce L, Wenninger A, Kreuzer M, García PS, Schneider G, Fenzl T. Electroencephalographic monitoring of anesthesia during surgical procedures in mice using a modified clinical monitoring system. J Clin Monit Comput 2024; 38:373-384. [PMID: 37462861 PMCID: PMC10995005 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-023-01052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring brain activity and associated physiology during the administration of general anesthesia (GA) in mice is pivotal to guarantee postanesthetic health. Clinically, electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring is a well-established method to guide GA. There are no established methods available for monitoring EEG in mice (Mus musculus) during surgery. In this study, a minimally invasive rodent intraoperative EEG monitoring system was implemented using subdermal needle electrodes and a modified EEG-based commercial patient monitor. EEG recordings were acquired at three different isoflurane concentrations revealing that surgical concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia predominantly contained burst suppression patterns in mice. EEG suppression ratios and suppression durations showed strong positive correlations with the isoflurane concentrations. The electroencephalographic indices provided by the monitor did not support online monitoring of the anesthetic status. The online available suppression duration in the raw EEG signals during isoflurane anesthesia is a straight forward and reliable marker to assure safe, adequate and reproducible anesthesia protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leesa Joyce
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alissa Wenninger
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kreuzer
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul S García
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gerhard Schneider
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fenzl
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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4
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Bratke S, Schmid S, Ulm B, Jungwirth B, Blobner M, Borgstedt L. Genotype- and sex-specific changes in vital parameters during isoflurane anesthesia in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1342752. [PMID: 38601113 PMCID: PMC11004241 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1342752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing as is life expectancy with Alzheimer's disease accounting for two-thirds of dementia cases globally. Whether general anesthesia and surgery worsen cognitive decline is still a matter of debate and most likely depending on the interplay of various influencing factors. In order to account for this complexity, Alzheimer's disease animal models have been developed. The Tg2576 model of Alzheimer's disease is a well-established mouse model exhibiting amyloidopathy and age-dependent sex-specific differences in Alzheimer's disease symptomology. Yet, data on anesthesia in this mouse model is scarce and a systematic comparison of vital parameters during anesthesia with wild-type animals is missing. In order to investigate the safety of general anesthesia and changes in vital parameters during general anesthesia in Tg2576 mice, we did a secondary analysis of vital parameters collected during general anesthesia in aged Tg2576 mice. Methods After governmental approval (General Administration of the Free State of Bavaria, file number: 55.2-1-54-2532-149-11) 60 mice at 10-12 months of age were exposed to isoflurane (1.6 Vol%) for 120 min, data of 58 mice was analyzed. During general anesthesia, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, isoflurane concentration and fraction of inspired oxygen were monitored and collected. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear mixed regression models. Results During general anesthesia, heart rate decreased in a sex-specific manner. Respiratory rate decreased and body temperature increased dependent on genotype. However, the changes were limited and all vital parameters stayed within physiological limits. Conclusion Isoflurane anesthesia in the Tg2576 mouse model is safe and does not seem to influence experimental results by interacting with vital parameters. The present study provides information on appropriate anesthesia in order to advance research on anesthesia and AD and could contribute to improving laboratory animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bratke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmid
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ulm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Jungwirth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Blobner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Borgstedt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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5
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Miranda A, Bertoglio D, De Weerdt C, Staelens S, Verhaeghe J. Isoflurane and ketamine-xylazine modify pharmacokinetics of [ 18F]SynVesT-1 in the mouse brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1612-1624. [PMID: 37113068 PMCID: PMC10414002 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231173185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of isoflurane and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia on the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]SynVesT-1 in the mouse brain. [18F]SynVesT-1 PET scans were performed in C57BL/6J mice in five conditions: isoflurane anesthesia (ANISO), ketamine-xylazine (ANKX), awake freely moving (AW), awake followed by isoflurane administration (AW/ANISO) or followed by ketamine-xylazine (AW/ANKX) 20 min post tracer injection. ANISO, ANKX and AW scans were also performed in mice administered with levetiracetam (LEV, 200 mg/kg) to assess non-displaceable binding. Metabolite analysis was performed in ANISO, ANKX and AW mice. Finally, in vivo autoradiography in ANISO, ANKX and AW mice at 30 min post-injection was performed for validation. Kinetic modeling, with a metabolite corrected image derived input function, was performed to calculate total and non-displaceable volume of distribution (VT(IDIF)). VT(IDIF) was higher in ANISO compared to AW (p < 0.0001) while VT(IDIF) in ANKX was lower compared with AW (p < 0.0001). Non-displaceable VT(IDIF) was significantly different between ANISO and AW, but not between ANKX and AW. Change in the TAC washout was observed after administration of either isoflurane or ketamine-xylazine. Observed changes in tracer kinetics and volume of distribution might be explained by physiological changes due to anesthesia, as well as by induced cellular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Miranda
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniele Bertoglio
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Caro De Weerdt
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Grashei M, Wodtke P, Skinner JG, Sühnel S, Setzer N, Metzler T, Gulde S, Park M, Witt D, Mohr H, Hundshammer C, Strittmatter N, Pellegata NS, Steiger K, Schilling F. Simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging of pH, perfusion and renal filtration using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled Z-OMPD. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5060. [PMID: 37604826 PMCID: PMC10442412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
pH alterations are a hallmark of many pathologies including cancer and kidney disease. Here, we introduce [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD as a hyperpolarized extracellular pH and perfusion sensor for MRI which allows to generate a multiparametric fingerprint of renal disease status and to detect local tumor acidification. Exceptional long T1 of two minutes at 1 T, high pH sensitivity of up to 1.9 ppm per pH unit and suitability of using the C1-label as internal frequency reference enables pH imaging in vivo of three pH compartments in healthy rat kidneys. Spectrally selective targeting of both 13C-resonances enables simultaneous imaging of perfusion and filtration in 3D and pH in 2D within one minute to quantify renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rates and renal pH in healthy and hydronephrotic kidneys with superior sensitivity compared to clinical routine methods. Imaging multiple biomarkers within a single session renders [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD a promising new hyperpolarized agent for oncology and nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Wodtke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason G Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Sühnel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Setzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Metzler
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gulde
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mihyun Park
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Daniela Witt
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hermine Mohr
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Huffman WJ, Musselman ED, Pelot NA, Grill WM. Measuring and modeling the effects of vagus nerve stimulation on heart rate and laryngeal muscles. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:3. [PMID: 36797733 PMCID: PMC9936668 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced heart rate (HR) during vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is associated with therapy for heart failure, but stimulation frequency and amplitude are limited by patient tolerance. An understanding of physiological responses to parameter adjustments would allow differential control of therapeutic and side effects. To investigate selective modulation of the physiological responses to VNS, we quantified the effects and interactions of parameter selection on two physiological outcomes: one related to therapy (reduced HR) and one related to side effects (laryngeal muscle EMG). METHODS We applied a broad range of stimulation parameters (mean pulse rates (MPR), intra-burst frequencies, and amplitudes) to the vagus nerve of anesthetized mice. We leveraged the in vivo recordings to parameterize and validate computational models of HR and laryngeal muscle activity across amplitudes and temporal patterns of VNS. We constructed a finite element model of excitation of fibers within the mouse cervical vagus nerve. RESULTS HR decreased with increased amplitude, increased MPR, and decreased intra-burst frequency. EMG increased with increased MPR. Preferential HR effects over laryngeal EMG effects required combined adjustments of amplitude and MPR. The model of HR responses highlighted contributions of ganglionic filtering to VNS-evoked changes in HR at high stimulation frequencies. Overlap in activation thresholds between small and large modeled fibers was consistent with the overlap in dynamic ranges of related physiological measures (HR and EMG). CONCLUSION The present study provides insights into physiological responses to VNS required for informed parameter adjustment to modulate selectively therapeutic effects and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Huffman
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, Box 90281, Room 1427, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281 USA
| | - Eric D. Musselman
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, Box 90281, Room 1427, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281 USA
| | - Nicole A. Pelot
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, Box 90281, Room 1427, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281 USA
| | - Warren M. Grill
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, Box 90281, Room 1427, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Neurobiology Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Neurosurgery Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA
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8
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Schmidt D, English G, Gent TC, Yanik MF, von der Behrens W. Machine learning reveals interhemispheric somatosensory coherence as indicator of anesthetic depth. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:971231. [PMID: 36172256 PMCID: PMC9510780 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.971231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify features in mouse electrocorticogram recordings that indicate the depth of anesthesia as approximated by the administered anesthetic dosage. Anesthetic depth in laboratory animals must be precisely monitored and controlled. However, for the most common lab species (mice) few indicators useful for monitoring anesthetic depth have been established. We used electrocorticogram recordings in mice, coupled with peripheral stimulation, in order to identify features of brain activity modulated by isoflurane anesthesia and explored their usefulness in monitoring anesthetic depth through machine learning techniques. Using a gradient boosting regressor framework we identified interhemispheric somatosensory coherence as the most informative and reliable electrocorticogram feature for determining anesthetic depth, yielding good generalization and performance over many subjects. Knowing that interhemispheric somatosensory coherence indicates the effectively administered isoflurane concentration is an important step for establishing better anesthetic monitoring protocols and closed-loop systems for animal surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schmidt
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (D-ITET), ETH Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gwendolyn English
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (D-ITET), ETH Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas C. Gent
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (D-ITET), ETH Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Anaesthesiology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mehmet Fatih Yanik
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (D-ITET), ETH Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfger von der Behrens
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (D-ITET), ETH Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Wolfger von der Behrens
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9
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Klæstrup IH, Just MK, Holm KL, Alstrup AKO, Romero-Ramos M, Borghammer P, Van Den Berge N. Impact of aging on animal models of Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:909273. [PMID: 35966779 PMCID: PMC9366194 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.909273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the biggest risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Several animal models have been developed to explore the pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration and the initiation and spread of alpha-synuclein-related PD pathology, and to investigate biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. However, bench-to-bedside translation of preclinical findings remains suboptimal and successful disease-modifying treatments remain to be discovered. Despite aging being the main risk factor for developing idiopathic PD, most studies employ young animals in their experimental set-up, hereby ignoring age-related cellular and molecular mechanisms at play. Consequently, studies in young animals may not be an accurate reflection of human PD, limiting translational outcomes. Recently, it has been shown that aged animals in PD research demonstrate a higher susceptibility to developing pathology and neurodegeneration, and present with a more disseminated and accelerated disease course, compared to young animals. Here we review recent advances in the investigation of the role of aging in preclinical PD research, including challenges related to aged animal models that are limiting widespread use. Overall, current findings indicate that the use of aged animals may be required to account for age-related interactions in PD pathophysiology. Thus, although the use of older animals has disadvantages, a model that better represents clinical disease within the elderly would be more beneficial in the long run, as it will increase translational value and minimize the risk of therapies failing during clinical studies. Furthermore, we provide recommendations to manage the challenges related to aged animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hyllen Klæstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mie Kristine Just
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Van Den Berge
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Rickard AG, Zhuang M, DeRosa CA, Dewhirst MW, Fraser CL, Palmer GM. Quantifying the effects of anesthesia on intracellular oxygen via low-cost portable microscopy using dual-emissive nanoparticles. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3869-3881. [PMID: 35991919 PMCID: PMC9352295 DOI: 10.1364/boe.456125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular oxygenation is an important parameter for numerous biological studies. While there are a variety of methods available for acquiring in vivo measurements of oxygenation in animal models, most are dependent on indirect oxygen measurements, restraints, or anesthetization. A portable microscope system using a Raspberry Pi computer and Pi Camera was developed for attaching to murine dorsal window chambers. Dual-emissive boron nanoparticles were used as an oxygen-sensing probe while mice were imaged in awake and anesthetized states. The portable microscope system avoids altered in vivo measurements due to anesthesia or restraints while enabling increased continual acquisition durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn G. Rickard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Meng Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Mark W. Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Gregory M. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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11
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Oliveira RG, Correia PMM, Silva ALM, Encarnação PMCC, Ribeiro FM, Castro IF, Veloso JFCA. Development of a New Integrated System for Vital Sign Monitoring in Small Animals. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114264. [PMID: 35684885 PMCID: PMC9185494 DOI: 10.3390/s22114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the vital signs of mice is an essential practice during imaging procedures to avoid populational losses and improve image quality. For this purpose, a system based on a set of devices (piezoelectric sensor, optical module and thermistor) able to detect the heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature and arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in mice anesthetized with sevoflurane was implemented. Results were validated by comparison with the reported literature on similar anesthetics. A new non-invasive electrocardiogram (ECG) module was developed, and its first results reflect the viability of its integration in the system. The sensors were strategically positioned on mice, and the signals were acquired through a custom-made printed circuit board during imaging procedures with a micro-PET (Positron Emission Tomography). For sevoflurane concentration of 1.5%, the average values obtained were: 388 bpm (beats/minute), 124 rpm (respirations/minute) and 88.9% for the heart rate, respiratory rate and SpO2, respectively. From the ECG information, the value obtained for the heart rate was around 352 bpm for injectable anesthesia. The results compare favorably to the ones established in the literature, proving the reliability of the proposed system. The ECG measurements show its potential for mice heart monitoring during imaging acquisitions and thus for integration into the developed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina G. Oliveira
- Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.G.O.); (A.L.M.S.); (P.M.C.C.E.); (F.M.R.); (J.F.C.A.V.)
| | - Pedro M. M. Correia
- Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.G.O.); (A.L.M.S.); (P.M.C.C.E.); (F.M.R.); (J.F.C.A.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana L. M. Silva
- Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.G.O.); (A.L.M.S.); (P.M.C.C.E.); (F.M.R.); (J.F.C.A.V.)
| | - Pedro M. C. C. Encarnação
- Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.G.O.); (A.L.M.S.); (P.M.C.C.E.); (F.M.R.); (J.F.C.A.V.)
| | - Fabiana M. Ribeiro
- Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.G.O.); (A.L.M.S.); (P.M.C.C.E.); (F.M.R.); (J.F.C.A.V.)
| | - Ismael F. Castro
- Radiation Imaging Technologies Lda. (RI-TE), University of Aveiro Incubator, PCI—Creative Science Park, 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal;
| | - João F. C. A. Veloso
- Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.G.O.); (A.L.M.S.); (P.M.C.C.E.); (F.M.R.); (J.F.C.A.V.)
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12
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Park SH, Lu Y, Shao Y, Prophete C, Horton L, Sisco M, Lee HW, Kluz T, Sun H, Costa M, Zelikoff J, Chen LC, Gorr MW, Wold LE, Cohen MD. Longitudinal Impact of WTC Dust Inhalation on Rat Cardiac Tissue Transcriptomic Profiles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020919. [PMID: 35055737 PMCID: PMC8776213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
First responders (FR) exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) Ground Zero air over the first week after the 9/11 disaster have an increased heart disease incidence compared to unexposed FR and the general population. To test if WTC dusts were causative agents, rats were exposed to WTC dusts (under isoflurane [ISO] anesthesia) 2 h/day on 2 consecutive days; controls received air/ISO or air only. Hearts were collected 1, 30, 240, and 360 d post-exposure, left ventricle total RNA was extracted, and transcription profiles were obtained. The data showed that differentially expressed genes (DEG) for WTC vs. ISO rats did not reach any significance with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 at days 1, 30, and 240, indicating that the dusts did not impart effects beyond any from ISO. However, at day 360, 14 DEG with a low FDR were identified, reflecting potential long-term effects from WTC dust alone, and the majority of these DEG have been implicated as having an impact on heart functions. Furthermore, the functional gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) data at day 360 showed that WTC dust could potentially impact the myocardial energy metabolism via PPAR signaling and heart valve development. This is the first study showing that WTC dust could significantly affect some genes that are associated with the heart/CV system, in the long term. Even > 20 years after the 9/11 disaster, this has potentially important implications for those FR exposed repeatedly at Ground Zero over the first week after the buildings collapsed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuting Lu
- Departments of Population Health & Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Departments of Population Health & Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Colette Prophete
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Lori Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Maureen Sisco
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Thomas Kluz
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Judith Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Matthew W. Gorr
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 13210, USA; (M.W.G.); (L.E.W.)
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 13210, USA
| | - Loren E. Wold
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 13210, USA; (M.W.G.); (L.E.W.)
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 13210, USA
| | - Mitchell D. Cohen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
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13
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Preclinical PET and SPECT imaging. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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14
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Takeuchi I, Kimura Y, Nakajima T, Makino K. Effects of lower alcohols on nanocomposite particles for inhalation prepared using O/W emulsion. Biomed Mater Eng 2021; 33:159-168. [PMID: 34957981 DOI: 10.3233/bme-211244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalable nanocomposite particles using O/W emulsions were studied. The effect of the composition of the dispersed phase on the nanoparticles in the nanocomposite particles was reported, however, the effect on the inhalation characteristics of nanocomposite particles has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to study the effects of lower alcohols in the dispersed phase of O/W emulsions on inhalable nanocomposite particles. METHODS Nanocomposite particles were prepared using a spray dryer from O/W emulsion. A mixed solution of dichloromethane and lower alcohols in which rifampicin (RFP) and poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) were dissolved was used as a dispersed phase, and an aqueous solution in which arginine and leucine were dissolved was used as a continuous phase. RESULTS We succeeded in preparing non-spherical nanocomposite particles with an average diameter of 9.01-10.91 μm. The results of the fine particle fraction (FPF) measurement showed that the higher the hydrophobicity of the lower alcohol mixed in the dispersed phase, the higher the FPF value. The FPF value of the nanocomposite particles was significantly increased by using ethanol and 1-propanol. CONCLUSIONS The results were revealed that mixing 1-propanol with the dispersed phase increased the amount of RFP delivered to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Takeuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Drug Delivery Research, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, Togane, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukie Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehisa Nakajima
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kimiko Makino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Drug Delivery Research, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Miranda A, Bertoglio D, Stroobants S, Staelens S, Verhaeghe J. Translation of Preclinical PET Imaging Findings: Challenges and Motion Correction to Overcome the Confounding Effect of Anesthetics. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:753977. [PMID: 34746189 PMCID: PMC8569248 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.753977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical brain positron emission tomography (PET) in animals is performed using anesthesia to avoid movement during the PET scan. In contrast, brain PET scans in humans are typically performed in the awake subject. Anesthesia is therefore one of the principal limitations in the translation of preclinical brain PET to the clinic. This review summarizes the available literature supporting the confounding effect of anesthesia on several PET tracers for neuroscience in preclinical small animal scans. In a second part, we present the state-of-the-art methodologies to circumvent this limitation to increase the translational significance of preclinical research, with an emphasis on motion correction methods. Several motion tracking systems compatible with preclinical scanners have been developed, each one with its advantages and limitations. These systems and the novel experimental setups they can bring to preclinical brain PET research are reviewed here. While technical advances have been made in this field, and practical implementations have been demonstrated, the technique should become more readily available to research centers to allow for a wider adoption of the motion correction technique for brain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Miranda
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniele Bertoglio
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Park SH, Lu Y, Shao Y, Prophete C, Horton L, Sisco M, Lee HW, Kluz T, Sun H, Costa M, Zelikoff J, Chen LC, Cohen MD. Longitudinal impact on rat cardiac tissue transcriptomic profiles due to acute intratracheal inhalation exposures to isoflurane. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257241. [PMID: 34648499 PMCID: PMC8516213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflurane (ISO) is a widely used inhalation anesthetic in experiments with rodents and humans during surgery. Though ISO has not been reported to impart long-lasting side effects, it is unknown if ISO can influence gene regulation in certain tissues, including the heart. Such changes could have important implications for use of this anesthetic in patients susceptible to heart failure/other cardiac abnormalities. To test if ISO could alter gene regulation/expression in heart tissues, and if such changes were reversible, prolonged, or late onset with time, SHR (spontaneously hypertensive) rats were exposed by intratracheal inhalation to a 97.5% air/2.5% ISO mixture on two consecutive days (2 hr/d). Control rats breathed filtered air only. On Days 1, 30, 240, and 360 post-exposure, rat hearts were collected and total RNA was extracted from the left ventricle for global gene expression analysis. The data revealed differentially-expressed genes (DEG) in response to ISO (compared to naïve control) at all post-exposure timepoints. The data showed acute ISO exposures led to DEG associated with wounding, local immune function, inflammation, and circadian rhythm regulation at Days 1 and 30; these effects dissipated by Day 240. There were other significantly-increased DEG induced by ISO at Day 360; these included changes in expression of genes associated with cell signaling, differentiation, and migration, extracellular matrix organization, cell-substrate adhesion, heart development, and blood pressure regulation. Examination of consistent DEG at Days 240 and 360 indicated late onset DEG reflecting potential long-lasting effects from ISO; these included DEG associated with oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome, angiogenesis, mitochondrial translation elongation, and focal adhesion. Together, the data show acute repeated ISO exposures could impart variable effects on gene expression/regulation in the heart. While some alterations self-resolved, others appeared to be long-lasting or late onset. Whether such changes occur in all rat models or in humans remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuting Lu
- Departments of Population Health & Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Departments of Population Health & Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Colette Prophete
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lori Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Maureen Sisco
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Thomas Kluz
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Judith Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Mitchell D. Cohen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
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17
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Cardinal M, Chretien A, Roels T, Lafont S, Ominsky MS, Devogelaer JP, Manicourt DH, Behets C. Gender-Related Impact of Sclerostin Antibody on Bone in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mouse. Front Genet 2021; 12:705505. [PMID: 34447412 PMCID: PMC8383339 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.705505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is most often due to a collagen type 1 gene mutation, is characterized by low bone density and bone fragility. In OI patients, gender-related differences were reported, but data in the literature are not convergent. We previously observed that sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab), which stimulates osteoblast Wnt pathway via sclerostin inactivation, improved spine and long-bone parameters and biomechanical strength in female oim/oim mice, a validated model of human type 3 OI. Here, we wanted to highlight the effect of Scl-Ab on male oim/oim bones in order to identify a possible distinct therapeutic effect from that observed in females. According to the same protocol as our previous study with female mice, male wild-type (Wt) and oim/oim mice received vehicle or Scl-Ab from 5 to 14 weeks of age. Clinimetric and quantitative bone parameters were studied using X-rays, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, microradiography, and dynamic histomorphometry and compared to those of females. Contrary to Wt mice, male oim/oim had significantly lower weight, snout-sacrum length, and bone mineral content than females at 5 weeks. No significant difference in these clinimetric parameters was observed at 14 weeks, whereas male oim showed significantly more long-bone fractures than females. Scl-Ab improved bone mineral density and bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV) of vertebral body in Wt and oim/oim, without significant difference between male and female at 14 weeks. Male vehicle oim/oim had a significantly lower cortical thickness (Ct.Th) and BV/TV of tibial diaphysis than female and showed a higher number of fractures at 14 weeks. Scl-Ab increased midshaft periosteal apposition rate in such a way that tibial Ct.Th of male oim/oim was not significantly different from the female one at 14 weeks. The number of fractures was lower in male than female oim/oim after 14 weeks of Scl-Ab treatment, but this difference was not significant. Nevertheless, Scl-Ab-treated oim/oim male and female mice remained smaller than the Wt ones. In conclusion, our results highlighted differences between male and female oim/oim at 4 and 14 weeks of age, as well as some male-specific response of cortical bone to Scl-Ab. These gender-related particularities of oim/oim should be considered when testing experimental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Cardinal
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Chretien
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Roels
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Lafont
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael S Ominsky
- Radius Inc., Waltham, MA, United States.,Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Jean-Pierre Devogelaer
- Pole of Rheumatic Pathologies, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel H Manicourt
- Pole of Rheumatic Pathologies, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Behets
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Navarro KL, Huss M, Smith JC, Sharp P, Marx JO, Pacharinsak C. Mouse Anesthesia: The Art and Science. ILAR J 2021; 62:238-273. [PMID: 34180990 PMCID: PMC9236661 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an art and science to performing mouse anesthesia, which is a significant component to animal research. Frequently, anesthesia is one vital step of many over the course of a research project spanning weeks, months, or beyond. It is critical to perform anesthesia according to the approved research protocol using appropriately handled and administered pharmaceutical-grade compounds whenever possible. Sufficient documentation of the anesthetic event and procedure should also be performed to meet the legal, ethical, and research reproducibility obligations. However, this regulatory and documentation process may lead to the use of a few possibly oversimplified anesthetic protocols used for mouse procedures and anesthesia. Although a frequently used anesthetic protocol may work perfectly for each mouse anesthetized, sometimes unexpected complications will arise, and quick adjustments to the anesthetic depth and support provided will be required. As an old saying goes, anesthesia is 99% boredom and 1% sheer terror. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the science of mouse anesthesia together with the art of applying these anesthetic techniques to provide readers with the knowledge needed for successful anesthetic procedures. The authors include experiences in mouse inhalant and injectable anesthesia, peri-anesthetic monitoring, specific procedures, and treating common complications. This article utilizes key points for easy access of important messages and authors’ recommendation based on the authors’ clinical experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaela L Navarro
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Monika Huss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer C Smith
- Bioresources Department, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick Sharp
- Office of Research and Economic Development, University of California, Merced, California, USA
- Animal Resources Authority, Murdoch, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James O Marx
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cholawat Pacharinsak
- Corresponding Author: Cholawat Pacharinsak, DVM, PhD, DACVAA, Stanford University, Department of Comparative Medicine, 287 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5410, USA. E-mail:
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19
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Blevins CE, Celeste NA, Marx JO. Effects of Oxygen Supplementation on Injectable and Inhalant Anesthesia in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021; 60:289-297. [PMID: 33972009 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen supplementation is rarely considered when anesthetizing laboratory mice, despite reports that mice become profoundly hypoxic under anesthesia. Little is known about the effects of hypoxia on anesthetic performance. This article focuses on the effects of oxygen supplementation on physiologic parameters and depth of anesthesia in male and female C57BL/6 mice. Anesthesia was performed via common injectable anesthetic protocols and with isoflurane. Mice anesthetized with injectable anesthesia received one of 3 drug protocols. Low-dose ketamine/xylazine (100/8 mg/kg) was chosen to provide immobilization of mice, suitable for imaging procedures. Medium-dose ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine (100/10/1 mg/kg) was chosen as a dose that has been recommended for surgical procedures. High-dose ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine (150/12/3 mg/kg) was chosen after pilot studies to provide a long duration of a deep plane of anesthesia. We also tested the effects of oxygen supplementation on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in mice. Mice breathed supplemental 100% oxygen, room air, or medical air with 21% oxygen. Anesthetized mice that did not receive supplemental oxygen all became hypoxic, while hypoxia was prevented in mice that received oxygen. Oxygen supplementation did not affect the MAC of isoflurane. At the high injectable dose, all mice not receiving oxygen supplementation died while all mice receiving oxygen supplementation survived. At low and medium doses, supplemental oxygen reduced the duration of the surgical plane of anesthesia (low dose with oxygen: 22 ± 14 min; low dose without supplementation: 29 ± 18 min; medium dose with oxygen: 43 ± 18 min; medium dose without supplementation: 61 ± 27 min). These results suggest that mice anesthetized with injectable and inhalant anesthesia without supplemental oxygen are routinely hypoxic. This hypoxia prolongs the duration of anesthesia with injectable drug protocols and affects survival at high doses of injectable anesthetics. Because of variable responses to injectable anesthetics in mice, oxygen supplementation is recommended for all anesthetized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Blevins
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Dept. of Pathobiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Natalie A Celeste
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James O Marx
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Dept. of Pathobiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;,
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20
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Gong C, Zhang D, Ou W, Ou M, Liang P, Liao D, Zhang W, Zhu T, Liu J, Zhou C. Deficiency of Mitochondrial Functions and Peroxidation of Frontoparietal Cortex Enhance Isoflurane Sensitivity in Aging Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:583542. [PMID: 33343330 PMCID: PMC7744615 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.583542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypersensitivity to general anesthetics may predict poor postoperative outcomes, especially among the older subjects. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the mechanism underlying hypersensitivity to volatile anesthetics in the aging population. Given the fact that isoflurane sensitivity increases with aging, we hypothesized that deficiencies of mitochondrial function and elevated oxidative levels in the frontoparietal cortex may contribute to the enhanced sensitivity to isoflurane in aging mice. Methods: Isoflurane sensitivity in aging mice was determined by the concentration of isoflurane that is required for loss of righting reflex (LORR). Mitochondrial bioenergetics of the frontoparietal cortex was measured using a Seahorse XFp analyzer. Protein oxidation and lipid oxidation in the frontoparietal cortex were assessed using the Oxyblot protein oxidation detection kit and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay, respectively. Contributions of mitochondrial complex II inhibition by malonate and peroxidation by ozone to isoflurane sensitivity were tested in vivo. Besides, effects of antioxidative therapy on mitochondrial function and isoflurane sensitivity in mice were also measured. Results: The mean concentration of isoflurane that is required for LORR in aging mice (14-16 months old) was 0.83% ± 0.13% (mean ± SD, n = 80). Then, the mice were divided into three groups as sensitive group (S group, mean - SD), medium group (M group), and resistant group (R group, mean + SD) based on individual concentrations of isoflurane required for LORR. Activities of mitochondrial complex II and complex IV in mice of the S group were significantly lower than those of the R group, while frontoparietal cortical malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were higher in the mice of S group. Both inhibition of mitochondrial complexes and peroxidation significantly decreased the concentration of isoflurane that is required for LORR in vivo. After treatment with idebenone, the levels of lipid oxidation were alleviated and mitochondrial function was restored in aging mice. The concentration of isoflurane that required for LORR was also elevated after idebenone treatment. Conclusions: Decreased mitochondrial functions and higher oxidative stress levels in the frontoparietal cortex may contribute to the hypersensitivity to isoflurane in aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansheng Gong
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Donghang Zhang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengchan Ou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daqing Liao
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Disproportional cardiovascular depressive effects of isoflurane: Serendipitous findings from a comprehensive re-visit in mice. Lab Anim (NY) 2020; 50:26-31. [PMID: 33257894 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-020-00684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Employment of anesthetics, including isoflurane, though mandatory in animal experiments, is often regarded as a major limitation because results obtained with anesthetics may be different from those obtained under a conscious state. This study re-visits two issues related to the use of isoflurane. First, does isoflurane exert depression equally on all aspects of cardiovascular functions and their regulations? Second, is the circulatory supply of oxygen to brain tissues sufficient under isoflurane anesthesia? We determined in male C57BL/6J mice the temporal effects of 1.5% (vol/vol) isoflurane on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac performance, baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone, cardiac vagal baroreflex, functional connectivity within the baroreflex neural circuits, carotid or cerebral blood flow, cortical tissue oxygen level, respiratory rate and blood gas. Over 150 min after exposure to 1.5% isoflurane, BP and HR were sustained at 71% and 79% of their awake levels amid a trend of progressive increase. Cardiac performance was within physiological ranges. Baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone gradually reversed from an 85% reduction toward the conscious level, alongside a parallel decrease in inhibitory connectivity between nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla. A decline in excitatory connectivity between NTS and nucleus ambiguus accompanied the decrease in cardiac vagal baroreflex. There were progressive increases in carotid or cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygen tension in cerebral cortex, alongside gradual hypoventilation, mild respiratory acidosis and hypercapnia. We conclude that, by eliciting disproportional depressive actions on cardiovascular functions and their regulations, which sustain circulatory supply of oxygen to brain tissues, 1.5% isoflurane is sufficient to maintain optimal cardiovascular functions in mice.
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Luo TY, Cai S, Qin ZX, Yang SC, Shu Y, Liu CX, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhou L, Yu T, Yu SY. Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Activity Modulates Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:559077. [PMID: 33192246 PMCID: PMC7652994 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.559077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) have long been considered to be the key neurons in the regulation of cortical and behavioral arousal, and cholinergic activation in the downstream region of the BF can arouse anesthetized rats. However, whether the activation of BF cholinergic neurons can induce behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) recovery from anesthesia is unclear. In this study, based on a transgenic mouse line expressing ChAT-IRES-Cre, we applied a fiber photometry system combined with GCaMPs expression in the BF and found that both isoflurane and propofol inhibit the activity of BF cholinergic neurons, which is closely related to the consciousness transition. We further revealed that genetic lesion of BF cholinergic neurons was associated with a markedly increased potency of anesthetics, while designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD)-activated BF cholinergic neurons was responsible for slower induction and faster recovery of anesthesia. We also documented a significant increase in δ power bands (1-4 Hz) and a decrease in β (12-25 Hz) power bands in BF cholinergic lesioned mice, while there was a clearly noticeable decline in EEG δ power of activated BF cholinergic neurons. Moreover, sensitivity to anesthetics was reduced after optical stimulation of BF cholinergic cells, yet it failed to restore wake-like behavior in constantly anesthetized mice. Our results indicate a functional role of BF cholinergic neurons in the regulation of general anesthesia. Inhibition of BF cholinergic neurons mediates the formation of unconsciousness induced by general anesthetics, and their activation promotes recovery from the anesthesia state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yuan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zai-Xun Qin
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi, China
| | - Shao-Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yue Shu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cheng-Xi Liu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shou-Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Nishino T, Jin H, Nozaki-Taguchi N, Isono S. A high concentration of sevoflurane induces gasping breaths in mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 279:103445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Awasthi S, Rahman N, Rui B, Kumar G, Awasthi V, Breshears M, Kosanke S. Lung and general health effects of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-interacting SPA4 peptide. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:179. [PMID: 32576172 PMCID: PMC7310322 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A surfactant protein-A-derived peptide, which we call SPA4 peptide (amino acids: GDFRYSDGTPVNYTNWYRGE), alleviates lung infection and inflammation. This study investigated the effects of intratracheally administered SPA4 peptide on systemic, lung, and health parameters in an outbred mouse strain, and in an intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge model. Methods The outbred CD-1 mice were intratracheally administered with incremental doses of SPA4 peptide (0.625–10 μg/g body weight) once every 24 h, for 3 days. Mice left untreated and those treated with vehicle were included as controls. Mice were euthanized after 24 h of last administration of SPA4 peptide. In order to assess the biological activity of SPA4 peptide, C57BL6 mice were intratracheally challenged with 5 μg LPS/g body weight and treated with 50 μg SPA4 peptide via intratracheal route 1 h post LPS-challenge. Mice were euthanized after 4 h of LPS challenge. Signs of sickness and body weights were regularly monitored. At the time of necropsy, blood and major organs were harvested. Blood gas and electrolytes, serum biochemical profiles and SPA4 peptide-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels, and common lung injury markers (levels of total protein, albumin, and lactate, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and lung wet/dry weight ratios) were determined. Lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and intestine were examined histologically. Differences in measured parameters were analyzed among study groups by analysis of variance test. Results The results demonstrated no signs of sickness or changes in body weight over 3 days of treatment with various doses of SPA4 peptide. It did not induce any major toxicity or IgG antibody response to SPA4 peptide. The SPA4 peptide treatment also did not affect blood gas, electrolytes, or serum biochemistry. There was no evidence of injury to the tissues and organs. However, the SPA4 peptide suppressed the LPS-induced lung inflammation. Conclusions These findings provide an initial toxicity profile of SPA4 peptide. Intratracheal administration of escalating doses of SPA4 peptide does not induce any significant toxicity at tissue and organ levels. However, treatment with a dose of 50 μg SPA4 peptide, comparable to 2.5 μg/g body weight, alleviates LPS-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
| | - Negar Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Bin Rui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Vibhudutta Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Research Imaging Facility, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Melanie Breshears
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Stanley Kosanke
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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25
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Short or moderate-time exposure to the inhalational anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane does not alter the marble-burying behavior in mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:135018. [PMID: 32360933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest the involvement of glutamatergic neurotransmission in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Some NMDA glutamatergic receptor antagonists, such as the general anesthetic ketamine, have shown anti-OCD effects in preclinical and clinical studies. Therefore, we investigated whether the inhalational anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane, which are general anesthetics acting as NMDA receptor antagonists, would induce the same effects. To test our hypothesis, adult male Swiss mice were exposed to different concentrations of isoflurane (0.5, 1.5 or 3 %) or sevoflurane (0.8, 2.5 or 4 %) for 20 min (short-time exposure) or 1 h (moderate-time exposure) and submitted to the open field test (OFT) and the marble-burying test (MBT) in the same day (acute effect) or 7 days (long-lasting effect) after anesthetics administration. We found that single short or moderate-time exposure to isoflurane or sevoflurane, at sub-anesthetic or anesthetic concentrations, did not affect marble-burying behavior acutely or even 7 days after their administration. The same treatment schedules with isoflurane or sevoflurane did not impair total distance travelled in the OFT. A single moderate-time exposure to isoflurane (3 %) reduced, acutely, the central exploration of the open field, suggesting an anxiogenic-like effect of isoflurane in mice. Our results suggest that isoflurane and sevoflurane may not be promising anti-compulsive drugs.
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26
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Cardinal M, Dessain A, Roels T, Lafont S, Ominsky MS, Devogelaer JP, Chappard D, Mabilleau G, Ammann P, Nyssen-Behets C, Manicourt DH. Sclerostin-Antibody Treatment Decreases Fracture Rates in Axial Skeleton and Improves the Skeletal Phenotype in Growing oim/oim Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:494-508. [PMID: 32025752 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), vertebrae brittleness causes thorax deformations and leads to cardiopulmonary failure. As sclerostin-neutralizing antibodies increase bone mass and strength in animal models of osteoporosis, their administration in two murine models of severe OI enhanced the strength of vertebrae in growing female Crtap-/- mice but not in growing male Col1a1Jrt/+ mice. However, these two studies ignored the impact of antibodies on spine growth, fracture rates, and compressive mechanical properties. Here, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in oim/oim mice, an established model of human severe OI type III due to a mutation in Col1a2. Five-week-old female WT and oim/oim mice received either PBS or sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) for 9 weeks. Analyses included radiography, histomorphometry, pQCT, microcomputed tomography, and biomechanical testing. Though it did not modify vertebral axial growth, Scl-Ab treatment markedly reduced the fracture prevalence in the pelvis and caudal vertebrae, enhanced osteoblast activity (L4), increased cervico-sacral spine BMD, and improved the lumbosacral spine bone cross-sectional area. Scl-Ab did not impact vertebral height and body size but enhanced the cortical thickness and trabecular bone volume significantly in the two Scl-Ab groups. At lumbar vertebrae and tibial metaphysis, the absolute increase in cortical and trabecular bone mass was higher in Scl-Ab WT than in Scl-Ab oim/oim. The effects on trabecular bone mass were mainly due to changes in trabecular number at vertebrae and in trabecular thickness at metaphyses. Additionally, Scl-Ab did not restore a standard trabecular network, but improved bone compressive ultimate load with more robust effects at vertebrae than at metaphysis. Overall, Scl-Ab treatment may be beneficial for reducing vertebral fractures and spine deformities in patients with severe OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Cardinal
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 52 Avenue Mounier - B1.52.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alicia Dessain
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 52 Avenue Mounier - B1.52.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Roels
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 52 Avenue Mounier - B1.52.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Lafont
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 52 Avenue Mounier - B1.52.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael S Ominsky
- Radius Health, Inc. (Formerly at Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA), Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Devogelaer
- Pole of Rheumatology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM, Groupe d'Etudes sur le Remodelage Osseux et les bioMatériaux, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- GEROM, Groupe d'Etudes sur le Remodelage Osseux et les bioMatériaux, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Ammann
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Nyssen-Behets
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 52 Avenue Mounier - B1.52.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel H Manicourt
- Pole of Rheumatology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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27
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LaTourette PC, David EM, Pacharinsak C, Jampachaisri K, Smith JC, Marx JO. Effects of Standard and Sustained-release Buprenorphine on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Isoflurane in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020; 59:298-304. [PMID: 32268932 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both standard and sustained-release injectable formulations of buprenorphine (Bup and BupSR, respectively) are used as preemptive analgesics, potentially affecting gas anesthetic requirements. This study tested the effects of Bup and BupSR on isoflurane requirements and confirmed that buprenorphine could reduce isoflurane requirements during a laparotomy in mice. We hypothesized that both Bup and BupSR would significantly decrease the required minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane. C57BL/6 mice received either isotonic crystalloid fluid (control), Bup (0.1 mg/kg), or BupSR (1.2 mg/kg) subcutaneously 10 min prior to the induction of anesthesia. Each anesthetized mouse was tested at 2 isoflurane concentrations. A 300-g noxious stimulus was applied at each isoflurane concentration, alternating between hindfeet. In addition, a subset of mice underwent terminal laparotomy or 60 min of anesthesia after injection with Bup, BupSR, or saline to ensure an appropriate surgical plane of anesthesia. Mice were maintained at the lowest isoflurane concentration that resulted in 100% of mice at a surgical plane from the aforementioned MAC experiments (control, 2.0%; Bup and BupSR, 1.7%). Analysis showed that both Bup and BupSR significantly decreased isoflurane requirements by 25.5% and 14.4%, respectively. The isoflurane MAC for the control injection was 1.80% ± 0.09%; whereas Bup and BupSR decreased MAC to 1.34% ± 0.08% and 1.54% ± 0.09%, respectively. Sex was not a significantly different between the injection groups during MAC determination. All of the mice that underwent surgery achieved a surgical plane of anesthesia on the prescribed regimen and recovered normally after discontinuation of isoflurane. Lastly, heart and respiratory rates did not differ between mice that underwent surgery and those that were anesthetized only. Bup and BupSR are MAC-sparing in male and female C57BL/6 mice and can be used for effective multimodal anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C LaTourette
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily M David
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Jennifer C Smith
- Bioresources Department, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - James O Marx
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;,
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Kumstel S, Wendt EHU, Eichberg J, Talbot SR, Häger C, Zhang X, Abdelrahman A, Schönrogge M, Palme R, Bleich A, Vollmar B, Zechner D. Grading animal distress and side effects of therapies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1473:20-34. [PMID: 32207155 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to combine high-quality research with minimal harm to animals, a prospective severity assessment for animal experiments is legally required in many countries. In addition, an assessment of the evidence-based severity level might allow realistic harm-benefit analysis and the appraisal of refinement methods. However, only a few examples describe the distress of animals by simple, cost-efficient, and noninvasive methods. We, therefore, evaluated the severity of an orthotopic mouse model for pancreatic cancer using C57BL/6J mice when pursuing two different chemotherapies. We assessed fecal corticosterone metabolites, body weight, distress score, and burrowing, as well as nesting activity. Moreover, we established a multifactorial model using multivariate logistic regression to describe animal distress. This multifactorial analysis revealed that metformin + galloflavin treatment caused higher distress than metformin + α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate therapy. Similar results were obtained by using the best cutoff calculated by Youden's J index when using only single parameters, such as burrowing activity or fecal corticosterone metabolite concentration. Thus, the present study revealed that single readout parameters, as well as multivariate analysis, can help to assess the severity of animal experiments and detect side effects of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kumstel
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Edgar H U Wendt
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johanna Eichberg
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christine Häger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ahmed Abdelrahman
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Schönrogge
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Rudolf-Zenker Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Zhang P, Shibata B, Peinado G, Zawadzki RJ, FitzGerald P, Pugh EN. Measurement of Diurnal Variation in Rod Outer Segment Length In Vivo in Mice With the OCT Optoretinogram. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:9. [PMID: 32176260 PMCID: PMC7401691 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate diurnal variation in the length of mouse rod outer segments in vivo. Methods The lengths of rod inner and outer segments (RIS, ROS) of dark-adapted albino mice maintained on a 12-hour dark:12-hour light cycle with light onset 7 AM were measured at prescribed times (6:30 AM, 11 AM, 3:30 PM) during the diurnal cycle with optical coherence tomography (OCT), taking advantage of increased visibility, after a brief bleaching exposure, of the bands corresponding to RIS/ROS boundaries and ROS tips (ROST). Results Deconvolution of OCT depth profiles resolved two backscatter bands located 7.4 ± 0.1 and 10.8 ± 0.2 µm (mean ± SEM) proximal to Bruch's membrane (BrM). These bands were identified with histology as arising from the apical surface of RPE and ROST, respectively. The average length of dark-adapted ROS at 6:30 AM was 17.7 ± 0.8 µm. By 11 AM, the average ROS length had decreased by 10% to 15.9 ± 0.7 µm. After 11 AM, the ROS length increased steadily at an average rate of 0.12 µm/h, returning to baseline length by 23.5 hours in the cycle. Conclusions The diurnal variation in ROS length measured in these experiments is consistent with prior histological investigations showing that rodent rod discs are phagocytosed by the RPE maximally over several hours around the time of normal light onset. The rate of recovery of ROS to baseline length before normal light onset is consistent with the hypothesis that disc membrane synthesis is fairly constant over the diurnal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- UC Davis Eye-Pod, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Bradley Shibata
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Gabriel Peinado
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Robert J. Zawadzki
- UC Davis Eye-Pod, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Vision Science and Advanced Retinal Imaging Laboratory (VSRI), Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Paul FitzGerald
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Edward N. Pugh
- UC Davis Eye-Pod, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
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Nishimura M, Nomura Y, Egi M, Obata N, Tsunoda M, Mizobuchi S. Suppression of behavioral activity and hippocampal noradrenaline caused by surgical stress in type 2 diabetes model mice. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:8. [PMID: 32066381 PMCID: PMC7027121 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-0556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There has been much discussion recently about the occurrence of neuropsychological complications during the perioperative period. Diabetes is known to be one of the metabolic risk factors. Although the number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasing, the pathophysiology of postoperative neuropsychological dysfunction in DM patients is still unclear. Recently, a deficiency of neurotransmitters, such as monoamines, was reported to be associated with mental disorders. Therefore, we investigated the effects of surgical stress on behavioral activity and hippocampal noradrenaline (NA) level in type 2 diabetes mellitus model (T2DM) mice. Methods Eighty-four 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups (non-diabetes, non-diabetes with surgery, T2DM, and T2DM with surgery groups). T2DM mice were established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. At 14 weeks of age, fifteen mice in each group underwent a series of behavioral tests including an open field (OF) test, a novel object recognition (NOR) test and a light–dark (LD) test. In the surgery groups, open abdominal surgery with manipulation of the intestine was performed 24 h before the behavioral tests as a surgical stress. Hippocampal noradrenaline (NA) concentration was examined in six mice in each group by high-performance liquid chromatography. The data were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U test, and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results The T2DM group showed significantly increased explorative activity in the NOR test (P = 0.0016) and significantly increased frequency of transition in the LD test (P = 0.043) compared with those in the non-diabetic group before surgery. In T2DM mice, surgical stress resulted in decreased total distance in the OF test, decreased explorative activity in the NOR test, and decreased frequency of transition in the LD test (OF: P = 0.015, NOR: P = 0.009, LD: P = 0.007) and decreased hippocampal NA (P = 0.015), but such differences were not observed in the non-diabetic mice. Conclusions Mice with T2DM induced by feeding an HFD showed increased behavioral activities, and surgical stress in T2DM mice caused postoperative hypoactivity and reduction of the hippocampal NA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Nishimura
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nomura
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Moritoki Egi
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Norihiko Obata
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsunoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongou, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizobuchi
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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31
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Oda-Kawashima K, Sedukhina AS, Okamoto N, Lytvyn M, Minagawa K, Iwata T, Kumai T, Sato E, Inada E, Yamaura A, Sakamoto M, Roche-Molina M, Bernal JA, Sato K. NF-kB signaling in cardiomyocytes is inhibited by sevoflurane and promoted by propofol. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:259-267. [PMID: 31898867 PMCID: PMC6996339 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both inhalational and intravenous anesthetics affect myocardial remodeling, but the precise effect of each anesthetic on molecular signaling in myocardial remodeling is unknown. Here, we performed in silico analysis to investigate signaling alterations in cardiomyocytes induced by inhalational [sevoflurane (Sevo)] and intravenous [propofol (Prop)] anesthetics. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐kB) signaling was inhibited by Sevo and promoted by Prop. Moreover, nuclear accumulation of p65 and transcription of NF‐kB‐regulated genes were suppressed in Sevo‐administered mice, suggesting that Sevo inhibits the NF‐kB signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate that NF‐kB signaling is inhibited by Sevo and promoted by Prop. As NF‐kB signaling plays an important role in myocardial remodeling, our results suggest that anesthetics may affect myocardial remodeling through NF‐kB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Oda-Kawashima
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Anesthesiology Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Anna S Sedukhina
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mariya Lytvyn
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kimino Minagawa
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Teppei Iwata
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Kumai
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Eri Sato
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Inada
- Anesthesiology Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ayako Yamaura
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Miki Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Marta Roche-Molina
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ko Sato
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Kumstel S, Vasudevan P, Palme R, Zhang X, Wendt EHU, David R, Vollmar B, Zechner D. Benefits of non-invasive methods compared to telemetry for distress analysis in a murine model of pancreatic cancer. J Adv Res 2019; 21:35-47. [PMID: 31641536 PMCID: PMC6796693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective severity assessment is legally required in many countries to ensure high-quality research along with high welfare standards for laboratory animals. Mice and rats, the most common laboratory species, are prey animals that usually suppress signs of pain and suffering. Therefore, highly sensitive readout parameters are necessary to adequately quantify distress. The present study compared the performance of different non-invasive methods in determining animal distress, such as measuring body weight, distress score, faecal corticosterone metabolites, burrowing, and nesting behaviour, with continuous monitoring of heart rate, body temperature and activity by telemetry. The distress caused by two surgical interventions was compared and the burden caused by tumour growth was described. Transmitter implantation caused higher distress than laparotomy plus carcinoma cell injection into the pancreas. Surprisingly, no significant increase in distress was observed during tumour growth. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that some non-invasive distress-parameters, i.e., distress-score and burrowing activity, exhibited slightly better performance to quantify distress than the most suitable parameters measured by telemetry. Due to the high burden caused by the implantation of the telemetric device, the use of non-invasive methods to assess distress in laboratory animals after surgical interventions should be favoured in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kumstel
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Praveen Vasudevan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.,Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Edgar Heinz Uwe Wendt
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.,Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Munting LP, Derieppe MP, Suidgeest E, Denis de Senneville B, Wells JA, van der Weerd L. Influence of different isoflurane anesthesia protocols on murine cerebral hemodynamics measured with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4105. [PMID: 31172591 PMCID: PMC6772066 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL)-MRI can noninvasively map cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), potential biomarkers of cognitive impairment and dementia. Mouse models of disease are frequently used in translational MRI studies, which are commonly performed under anesthesia. Understanding the influence of the specific anesthesia protocol used on the measured parameters is important for accurate interpretation of hemodynamic studies with mice. Isoflurane is a frequently used anesthetic with vasodilative properties. Here, the influence of three distinct isoflurane protocols was studied with pseudo-continuous ASL in two different mouse strains. The first protocol was a free-breathing set-up with medium concentrations, the second a free-breathing set-up with low induction and maintenance concentrations, and the third a set-up with medium concentrations and mechanical ventilation. A protocol with the vasoconstrictive anesthetic medetomidine was used as a comparison. As expected, medium isoflurane anesthesia resulted in significantly higher CBF and lower CVR values than medetomidine (median whole-brain CBF of 157.7 vs 84.4 mL/100 g/min and CVR of 0.54 vs 51.7% in C57BL/6 J mice). The other two isoflurane protocols lowered the CBF and increased the CVR values compared with medium isoflurane anesthesia, without obvious differences between them (median whole-brain CBF of 138.9 vs 131.7 mL/100 g/min and CVR of 10.0 vs 9.6%, in C57BL/6 J mice). Furthermore, CVR was shown to be dependent on baseline CBF, regardless of the anesthesia protocol used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon P. Munting
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Marc P.P. Derieppe
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Prinses Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Ernst Suidgeest
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Baudouin Denis de Senneville
- Department of RadiotherapyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Institut de Mathématiques de BordeauxUniversité Bordeaux/CNRS UMR 5251/INRIABordeaux‐Sud‐OuestFrance
| | - Jack A. Wells
- Division of Medicine, UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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34
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Kinchesh P, Allen PD, Gilchrist S, Kersemans V, Lanfredini S, Thapa A, O'Neill E, Smart SC. Reduced respiratory motion artefact in constant TR multi-slice MRI of the mouse. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 60:1-6. [PMID: 30928386 PMCID: PMC6555631 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multi-slice scanning in the abdomen and thorax of small animals is compromised by the effects of respiration unless imaging and respiration are synchronised. To avoid the signal modulations that result from respiration motion and a variable TR, blocks of fully relaxed slices are typically acquired during inter-breath periods, at the cost of scan efficiency. This paper reports a conceptually simple yet effective prospective gating acquisition mode for multi-slice scanning in free breathing small animals at any fixed TR of choice with reduced sensitivity to respiratory motion. METHODS Multi-slice scan modes have been implemented in which each slice has its own specific projection or phase encode loop index counter. When a breath is registered RF pulses continue to be applied but data are not acquired, and the corresponding counters remain fixed so that the data are acquired one TR later, providing it coincides with an inter-breath period. The approach is refined to reacquire the slice data that are acquired immediately before each breath is detected. Only the data with reduced motion artefact are used in image reconstruction. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated in the RARE scan mode which is well known to be particularly useful for tumour visualization. RESULTS Validation in mice with RARE demonstrates improved stability with respect to ungated scanning where signal averaging is often used to reduce artefacts. SNR enhancement maps demonstrate the improved efficiency of the proposed method that is equivalent to at least a 2.5 fold reduction in scan time with respect to ungated signal averaging. A steady-state magnetisation transfer contrast prepared gradient echo implementation is observed to highlight tumour structure. Supplementary simulations demonstrate that only small variations in respiration rate are required to enable efficient sampling with the proposed method. CONCLUSIONS The proposed prospective gating acquisition scheme enables efficient multi-slice scanning in small animals at the optimum TR with reduced sensitivity to respiratory motion. The method is compatible with a wide range of complementary methods including non-Cartesian scan modes, partially parallel imaging, and compressed sensing. In particular, the proposed scheme reduces the need for continual close monitoring to effect operator intervention in response to respiratory rate changes, which is both difficult to maintain and precludes high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kinchesh
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip D Allen
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Gilchrist
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Veerle Kersemans
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Lanfredini
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Asmita Thapa
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C Smart
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Cardinal M, Tys J, Roels T, Lafont S, Ominsky MS, Devogelaer JP, Chappard D, Mabilleau G, Ammann P, Nyssen-Behets C, Manicourt DH. Sclerostin antibody reduces long bone fractures in the oim/oim model of osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone 2019; 124:137-147. [PMID: 31051315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta type III (OI) is a serious genetic condition with poor bone quality and a high fracture rate in children. In a previous study, it was shown that a monoclonal antibody neutralizing sclerostin (Scl-Ab) increases strength and vertebral bone mass while reducing the number of axial fractures in oim/oim, a mouse model of OI type III. Here, we analyze the impact of Scl-Ab on long bones in OI mice. After 9 weeks of treatment, Scl-Ab significantly reduced long bone fractures (3.6 ± 0.3 versus 2.1 ± 0.8 per mouse, p < 0.001). In addition, the cortical thickness of the tibial midshaft was increased (+42%, p < 0.001), as well as BMD (+28%, p < 0.001), ultimate load (+86%, p < 0.05), plastic energy (+184%; p < 0.05) and stiffness (+172%; p < 0.01) in OI Scl-Ab mice compared to OI vehicle controls. Similar effects of Scl-Ab were observed in Wild type (Wt) mice. The plastic energy, which reflects the fragility of the tissue, was lower in the OI than in the Wt and significantly improved with the Scl-Ab treatment. At the tissue level by nanoindentation, Scl-Ab slightly increased the elastic modulus in bones of both OI and Wt, while moderately increasing tissue hardness (+13% compared to the vehicle; p < 0.05) in Wt bones, but not in OI bones. Although it did not change the properties of the OI bone matrix material, Scl-Ab reduced the fracture rate of the long bones by improving its bone mass, density, geometry, and biomechanical strength. These results suggest that Scl-Ab can reduce long-bone fractures in patients with OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Cardinal
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Janne Tys
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Roels
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien Lafont
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michael S Ominsky
- Radius, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA, formerly at Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
| | - Jean-Pierre Devogelaer
- Pole of Rheumatic Pathologies, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Patrick Ammann
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Catherine Nyssen-Behets
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Daniel H Manicourt
- Pole of Rheumatic Pathologies, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Herbst LS, Gaigher T, Siqueira AA, Joca SRL, Sampaio KN, Beijamini V. New evidence for refinement of anesthetic choice in procedures preceding the forced swimming test and the elevated plus-maze. Behav Brain Res 2019; 368:111897. [PMID: 30978407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that some general anesthetics induce long-term antidepressant and/or anxiolytic-like effects. This raises the concern about the use of anesthesia in surgeries that precede psychopharmacological tests, since it may be a potential bias on results depending on the experimental design used. Thus, we evaluated whether general anesthetics used in surgeries preceding psychopharmacological tests would affect rats behavior in tests predictive of antidepressant or anxiolytic-like effects. We tested if a single exposure to sub-anesthetic or anesthetic doses of tribromoethanol, chloral hydrate, thiopental or isoflurane would change rats behavior in the forced swimming test (FST) or in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, at 2 h or 7 days after their administration. We also evaluated whether prior anesthesia would interfere in the detection of the antidepressant-like effect of imipramine or the anxiolytic-like effect of diazepam. Previous anesthesia with the aforementioned anesthetics did not change rats behaviors in FST per se nor it changed the antidepressant-like effect induced by imipramine treatment. Rats previously anesthetized with tribromoethanol or chloral hydrate exhibited, respectively, anxiogenic-like and anxiolytic-like behaviors in the EPM. Prior anesthesia with thiopental or isoflurane did not produce any per se effect in rats behaviors in the EPM nor disturbed the anxiolytic-like effect of diazepam. Our results suggest that, in our experimental conditions, tribromoethanol and chloral hydrate are improper anesthetics for surgeries that precede behavioral analysis in the EPM. Isoflurane or thiopental may be suitable for anesthesia before evaluation in the EPM or in the FST.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Herbst
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES 29043-900, Brazil
| | - T Gaigher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES 29043-900, Brazil
| | - A A Siqueira
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES 29043-900, Brazil
| | - S R L Joca
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, AIAS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K N Sampaio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES 29043-900, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES 29043-900, Brazil
| | - V Beijamini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES 29043-900, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES 29043-900, Brazil.
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Carotid chemoreceptor denervation does not impair hypoxia-induced thermal downregulation but vitiates recovery from a hypothermic and hypometabolic state in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5132. [PMID: 30914789 PMCID: PMC6435667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of hypothermia and consequent hypometabolism by pharmacological downmodulation of the internal thermostat could be protective in various medical situations such as ischemia/reperfusion. Systemic hypoxia is a trigger of thermostat downregulation in some mammals, which is sensed though carotid chemoreceptors (carotid bodies, CBs). Using non-invasive thermographic imaging in mice, we demonstrated that surgical bilateral CB denervation does not hamper hypoxia-induced hypothermia. However, the recovery from a protective and reversible hypothermic state after restoration to normoxic conditions was impaired in CB-resected mice versus control animals. Therefore, the carotid chemoreceptors play an important role in the central regulation of hypoxia-driven hypothermia in mice, but only in the rewarming phase.
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Liu C, Lin T, Zhou Z. Dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate or emulsified isoflurane for induction reduced cardiopulmonary response in dogs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208625. [PMID: 30532170 PMCID: PMC6285997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of etomidate, emulsified isoflurane, and their combination with dexmedetomidine on physiological parameters, electrocardiogram (ECG) results, and the quality of induction and recovery during isoflurane maintenance anaesthesia. 5 mixed-breed dogs received each of four treatments: etomidate (E group); emulsified isoflurane (EI group); both dexmedetomidine and etomidate (DE group); or both dexmedetomidine and emulsified isoflurane (DEI group). All drugs were IV injection administered for induction, followed by 1.5 MAC (minimal alveolar concentration) of isoflurane to maintain anaesthesia. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and ECG were measured at baseline, 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 minutes after intubation. The quality of induction and recovery was evaluated for all dogs. All the anaesthetic procedures provided good conditions for induction of anaesthesia. The quality of induction and recovery in the E group was worse than other groups. The decrease of RR in the E and DE groups was stronger than that in the EI and DEI groups. The dogs in the E group had the most significant prolongation of the Q-T interval and changes in the S-T segment. Deviation and extension of the S-T segment were noted in the El group. The dogs in the DE and DEI groups had fewer changes in the ECG results than those in the E and EI groups. The addition of dexmedetomidine caused less effect on cardiopulmonary parameters and the ECG results than either etomidate or emulsified isoflurane alone. Thus, etomidate or emulsified isoflurane in combination with dexmedetomidine may be useful clinically for the induction of anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Kinchesh P, Gilchrist S, Beech JS, Gomes AL, Kersemans V, Newman RG, Vojnovic B, Allen PD, Brady M, Muschel RJ, Smart SC. Prospective gating control for highly efficient cardio-respiratory synchronised short and constant TR MRI in the mouse. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 53:20-27. [PMID: 29964184 PMCID: PMC6154312 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiac and respiratory motion derived image artefacts are reduced when data are acquired with cardiac and respiratory synchronisation. Where steady state imaging techniques are required in small animals, synchronisation is most commonly performed using retrospective gating techniques but these invoke an inherent time penalty. This paper reports the development of prospective gating techniques for cardiac and respiratory motion desensitised MRI with significantly reduced minimum scan time compared to retrospective gating. METHODS Prospective gating incorporating the automatic reacquisition of data corrupted by motion at the entry to each breath was implemented in short TR 3D spoiled gradient echo imaging. Motion sensitivity was examined over the whole mouse body for scans performed without gating, with respiratory gating, and with cardio-respiratory gating. The gating methods were performed with and without automatic reacquisition of motion corrupted data immediately after completion of the same breath. Prospective cardio-respiratory gating, with acquisition of 64 k-space lines per cardiac R-wave, was used to enable whole body DCE-MRI in the mouse. RESULTS Prospective cardio-respiratory gating enabled high fidelity steady state imaging of physiologically mobile organs such as the heart and lung. The automatic reacquisition of data corrupted by motion at the entry to each breath minimised respiratory motion artefact and enabled a highly efficient data capture that was adaptive to changes in the inter-breath interval. Prospective cardio-respiratory gating control enabled DCE-MRI to be performed over the whole mouse body with the acquisition of successive image volumes every 12-15 s at 422 μm isotropic resolution. CONCLUSIONS Highly efficient cardio-respiratory motion desensitised steady state MRI can be performed in small animals with prospective synchronisation, centre-out phase-encode ordering, and the automatic reacquisition of data corrupted by motion at the entry to each breath. The method presented is robust against spontaneous changes in the breathing rate. Steady state imaging with prospective cardio-respiratory gating is much more efficient than with retrospective gating, and enables the examination of rapidly changing systems such as those found when using DCE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kinchesh
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Stuart Gilchrist
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John S Beech
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana L Gomes
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Veerle Kersemans
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Newman
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Borivoj Vojnovic
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D Allen
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Brady
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C Smart
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Greening GJ, Miller KP, Spainhour CR, Cato MD, Muldoon TJ. Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on physiological parameters in murine subcutaneous tumor allografts measured via diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:2871-2886. [PMID: 30258696 PMCID: PMC6154201 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has been used in murine studies to quantify tumor perfusion and therapeutic response. These studies frequently use inhaled isoflurane anesthesia, which depresses the respiration rate and results in the desaturation of arterial oxygen saturation, potentially affecting tissue physiological parameters. However, there have been no controlled studies quantifying the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on DRS-derived physiological parameters of murine tissue. The goal of this study was to perform DRS on Balb/c mouse (n = 10) tissue under various anesthesia conditions to quantify effects on tissue physiological parameters, including total hemoglobin concentration, tissue oxygen saturation, oxyhemoglobin and reduced scattering coefficient. Two independent variables were manipulated including metabolic gas type (pure oxygen vs. medical air) and isoflurane concentration (1.5 to 4.0%). The 1.5% isoflurane and 1 L/min oxygen condition most closely mimicked a no-anesthesia condition with oxyhemoglobin concentration within 89% ± 19% of control. The time-dependent effects of isoflurane anesthesia were tested, revealing that anesthetic induction with 4.0% isoflurane can affect DRS-derived physiological parameters up to 20 minutes post-induction. Finally, spectroscopy with and without isoflurane anesthesia was compared for colon tumor Balb/c-CT26 allografts (n = 5) as a representative model of subcutaneous murine tumor allografts. Overall, isoflurane anesthesia yielded experimentally-induced depressed oxyhemoglobin, and this depression was both concentration and time dependent. Investigators should understand the dynamic effects of isoflurane on tissue physiological parameters measured by DRS. These results may guide investigators in eliminating, limiting, or managing anesthesia-induced physiological changes in DRS studies in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage J. Greening
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Kathryn P. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Caroline R. Spainhour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mattison D. Cato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Timothy J. Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Vascak M, Jin X, Jacobs KM, Povlishock JT. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Structural and Functional Disconnection of Local Neocortical Inhibitory Networks via Parvalbumin Interneuron Diffuse Axonal Injury. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:1625-1644. [PMID: 28334184 PMCID: PMC5907353 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) plays a major role in cortical network dysfunction posited to cause excitatory/inhibitory imbalance after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Current thought holds that white matter (WM) is uniquely vulnerable to DAI. However, clinically diagnosed mTBI is not always associated with WM DAI. This suggests an undetected neocortical pathophysiology, implicating GABAergic interneurons. To evaluate this possibility, we used mild central fluid percussion injury to generate DAI in mice with Cre-driven tdTomato labeling of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons. We followed tdTomato+ profiles using confocal and electron microscopy, together with patch-clamp analysis to probe for DAI-mediated neocortical GABAergic interneuron disruption. Within 3 h post-mTBI tdTomato+ perisomatic axonal injury (PSAI) was found across somatosensory layers 2-6. The DAI marker amyloid precursor protein colocalized with GAD67 immunoreactivity within tdTomato+ PSAI, representing the majority of GABAergic interneuron DAI. At 24 h post-mTBI, we used phospho-c-Jun, a surrogate DAI marker, for retrograde assessments of sustaining somas. Via this approach, we estimated DAI occurs in ~9% of total tdTomato+ interneurons, representing ~14% of pan-neuronal DAI. Patch-clamp recordings of tdTomato+ interneurons revealed decreased inhibitory transmission. Overall, these data show that PV interneuron DAI is a consistent and significant feature of experimental mTBI with important implications for cortical network dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vascak
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, PO Box 980709, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
| | - Xiaotao Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, PO Box 980709, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
| | - Kimberle M Jacobs
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, PO Box 980709, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
| | - John T Povlishock
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, PO Box 980709, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
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Bertrand HGMJ, Sandersen C, Flecknell PA. Reported analgesic and anaesthetic administration to non-human primates undergoing experimental surgical procedure: 2010-2015. J Med Primatol 2018; 47:217-225. [PMID: 29671883 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of non-human primates (NHPs) in research remains a major societal concern with public expectations that appropriate anaesthetics and analgesics are used to minimize any pain or distress caused to animals undergoing invasive procedures. A literature review was conducted to examine the reporting of anaesthesia and analgesia methods used in non-human primates undergoing surgical procedures, with recovery from anaesthesia. METHODS A total of 397 papers from peer-review journals published between 2010 and 2015 were examined. RESULTS Only 25.9% of papers reported the analgesic regimen used, with carprofen and buprenorphine the 2 most widely used agents. Reporting of the anaesthetic regimens was included in 49.9% of papers. Ketamine and isoflurane were the most frequently used anaesthetic agents. CONCLUSIONS Anaesthetic and analgesic regimens administered to NHPs remain poorly reported. This lack of detailed descriptions of protocols does little to reassure the public or regulatory authorities that appropriate high standards of perioperative care are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Sandersen
- Veterinary Anesthesia Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Paul Andrew Flecknell
- Comparative Biology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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43
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Gallastegui A, Cheung J, Southard T, Hume KR. Volumetric and linear measurements of lung tumor burden from non-gated micro-CT imaging correlate with histological analysis in a genetically engineered mouse model of non-small cell lung cancer. Lab Anim 2018; 52:457-469. [PMID: 29436921 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218756457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In vivo micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging allows longitudinal studies of pulmonary neoplasms in genetically engineered mouse models. Respiratory gating increases the accuracy of lung tumor measurements but lengthens anesthesia time in animals that may be at increased risk for complications. We hypothesized that semiautomated, volumetric, and linear tumor measurements performed in micro-CT images from non-gated scans would have correlation with histological findings. Primary lung tumors were induced in eight FVB mice with two transgenes (FVB/N-Tg(tetO-Kras2)12Hev/J; FVB.Cg-Tg(Scgb1a1-rtTA)1Jaw/J). Non-gated micro-CT scans were performed and the lungs were subsequently harvested. In the acquired micro-CT scans, measurements of all identified tumors were determined using the following methods: semiautomated three-dimensional (3D) volume, ellipsoid volume, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST; sum of largest axial (i.e., transverse) diameter from five tumors), sum of largest axial diameters from all tumors (modified RECIST), and average axial diameter. For histological analysis, all five lung lobes were analyzed and the tumor area was summed from measurements made on five histological sections that were 300 µm apart from each other (covering a total depth of 1200 µm). All micro-CT measurement methods had very strong correlation with histological tumor burden (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 0.87 ( p = 0.0053) -0.98 ( p < 0.0001)). The only methods found to have different correlations were the semiautomated 3D method and the RECIST method (Williams' test for dependent overlapping correlations, p = 0.013). Our results suggest quantification of lung tumor burden from non-gated micro-CT imaging will reflect histological differences between mice and can therefore be used for between-group comparisons or when concerns about systemic health of research animals may limit lengthy anesthetic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Gallastegui
- 1 Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - James Cheung
- 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Teresa Southard
- 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Kelly R Hume
- 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
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44
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Kandukuri DS, Phillips JK, Tahmindjis M, Hildreth CM. Effect of anaesthetic and choice of neuromuscular blocker on vagal control of heart rate under laboratory animal experimental conditions. Lab Anim 2017; 52:280-291. [PMID: 28862524 DOI: 10.1177/0023677217725365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular-blocking agents are commonly used in laboratory animal research settings. Due to actions of cholinergic receptors at locations other than the motor end-plate, these agents have a strong propensity to modulate autonomic outflow and may therefore not be desirable in studies examining autonomic function. This study aimed to compare the effect of two non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agents, pancuronium and cisatracurium, on blood pressure, heart rate and non-invasive indices of autonomic function (heart rate variability, systolic blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity) under two different types of anaesthesia in Lewis rats. Pancuronium produced a profound vagolytic response characterized by tachycardia, reduction in heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity under urethane anaesthesia, and with minimal effect under isoflurane anaesthesia. Conversely, cisatracurium produced no evidence of vagolytic action under either urethane or isoflurane anaesthesia. Therefore, for studies interested in examining autonomic function, particularly baroreflex or vagal function, neuromuscular blockade would be best achieved using cisatracurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sarma Kandukuri
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacqueline K Phillips
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Tahmindjis
- 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cara M Hildreth
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Tsukamoto A, Konishi Y, Kawakami T, Koibuchi C, Sato R, Kanai E, Inomata T. Pharmacological properties of various anesthetic protocols in 10-day-old neonatal rats. Exp Anim 2017; 66:397-404. [PMID: 28674271 PMCID: PMC5682352 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, the anesthesia in neonates involves high risk. Although hypothermic
anesthesia is recommended in rats up to the age of 7 days, neonatal anesthesia for later
periods has not been standardized. The present study investigated the pharmacological
properties of conventional anesthetic protocols in 10-day-old SD rats. The rats were
anesthetized with four anesthetics: a combination of ketamine and xylazine (K/X); a
combination of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol (M/M/B); isoflurane; and
sevoflurane. Anesthetic depth was scored by reflex response to noxious stimuli. Induction
and recovery times were recorded. Vital signs and mortality rate were evaluated for safety
assessment. All rats died after administration of K/X at a dose of 60/6 mg/kg, whereas K/X
at 40/4 mg/kg resulted in insufficient anesthetic depth, indicating inappropriate for
neonatal anesthesia. Although M/M/B at the adult rat dose (0.15/2/2.5 mg/kg) did not
provide surgical anesthetic depth, the mouse dose (0.3/4/5 mg/kg) showed sufficient
anesthetic depth with relatively stable vital signs. Isoflurane required a long induction
period, and caused remarkable respiratory depression and hypothermia, resulted in a 25%
mortality rate. In contrast, sevoflurane provided consistent surgical anesthetic depth
with rapid induction. Although respiratory rate decrease was markedly observed, all rats
survived. Among the anesthetic protocols investigated in the present study, sevoflurane
and M/M/B at the mouse dose were recommended for the neonatal anesthesia. Compared with
adult rats, the required dose of both anesthetics in neonates was higher, possibly
associated with their lower anesthetic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yui Konishi
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takako Kawakami
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Chiharu Koibuchi
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Reiichiro Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine 3, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kanai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tomo Inomata
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Vascak M, Sun J, Baer M, Jacobs KM, Povlishock JT. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Evokes Pyramidal Neuron Axon Initial Segment Plasticity and Diffuse Presynaptic Inhibitory Terminal Loss. Front Cell Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28634442 PMCID: PMC5459898 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of action potential (AP) initiation, thus a crucial regulator of neuronal activity. In excitatory pyramidal neurons, the high density of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV1.6) at the distal AIS regulates AP initiation. A surrogate AIS marker, ankyrin-G (ankG) is a structural protein regulating neuronal functional via clustering voltage-gated ion channels. In neuronal circuits, changes in presynaptic input can alter postsynaptic output via AIS structural-functional plasticity. Recently, we showed experimental mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) evokes neocortical circuit disruption via diffuse axonal injury (DAI) of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal systems. A key finding was that mTBI-induced neocortical electrophysiological changes involved non-DAI/ intact excitatory pyramidal neurons consistent with AIS-specific alterations. In the current study we employed Thy1-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-H mice to test if mTBI induces AIS structural and/or functional plasticity within intact pyramidal neurons 2 days after mTBI. We used confocal microscopy to assess intact YFP+ pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of primary somatosensory barrel field (S1BF), whose axons were continuous from the soma of origin to the subcortical white matter (SCWM). YFP+ axonal traces were superimposed on ankG and NaV1.6 immunofluorescent profiles to determine AIS position and length. We found that while mTBI had no effect on ankG start position, the length significantly decreased from the distal end, consistent with the site of AP initiation at the AIS. However, NaV1.6 structure did not change after mTBI, suggesting uncoupling from ankG. Parallel quantitative analysis of presynaptic inhibitory terminals along the postsynaptic perisomatic domain of these same intact YFP+ excitatory pyramidal neurons revealed a significant decrease in GABAergic bouton density. Also within this non-DAI population, patch-clamp recordings of intact YFP+ pyramidal neurons showed AP acceleration decreased 2 days post-mTBI, consistent with AIS functional plasticity. Simulations of realistic pyramidal neuron computational models using experimentally determined AIS lengths showed a subtle decrease is NaV1.6 density is sufficient to attenuate AP acceleration. Collectively, these findings highlight the complexity of mTBI-induced neocortical circuit disruption, involving changes in extrinsic/presynaptic inhibitory perisomatic input interfaced with intrinsic/postsynaptic intact excitatory neuron AIS output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vascak
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmond, VA, United States
| | - Jianli Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmond, VA, United States
| | - Matthew Baer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmond, VA, United States
| | - Kimberle M Jacobs
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmond, VA, United States
| | - John T Povlishock
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmond, VA, United States
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Tsubokura Y, Kobayashi T, Oshima Y, Hashizume N, Nakai M, Ajimi S, Imatanaka N. Effects of pentobarbital, isoflurane, or medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol anesthesia on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood chemistry in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 41:595-604. [PMID: 27665769 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is commonly examined for pulmonary toxicity in animal studies. Two common means of anesthesia before euthanasia and bronchoalveolar lavage in rats are intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital and inhalation of isoflurane. Medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol is an alternative anesthesia to pentobarbital for animal welfare; however, the effect of this combination on BALF and blood chemistry is unknown. Here, we compared the effects of anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital or one of two combinations of medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol (dose, 0.375-2.0-2.5 or 0.15-2.0-2.5 mg/kg) or by inhalation of isoflurane on BALF and blood chemistry in rats with or without pulmonary inflammation. In BALF, we determined total protein, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, total cell count and neutrophil count. In serum, we conducted a general chemistry screen. After anesthesia with pentobarbital or isoflurane, there were no significant differences between any of the BALF or blood chemistry parameters with or without inflammation. After anesthesia with either of the combinations of medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol, lactate dehydrogenase, total cell count, neutrophil count, and almost all of the blood chemistry parameters were comparable with those observed after pentobarbital or isoflurane; however, BALF albumin and serum glucose were significantly increased in rats without inflammation. After the combination of low-dose medetomidine in rats with inflammation, BALF parameters were comparable with those observed after pentobarbital or isoflurane. Our results show that, of the anesthetics examined, inhalation of isoflurane is the most appropriate means of anesthesia when examining BALF or serum for toxicity studies in rats.
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Zheng B, Lai R, Li J, Zuo Z. Critical role of P2X7 receptors in the neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction after surgery. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:365-374. [PMID: 28089560 PMCID: PMC5316360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction worsens patient outcome after surgery. Neuroinflammation is a critical neuropathological process for it. We determined the role of P2X7 receptors, proteins that participate in inflammatory response, in the neuroinflammation induction after surgery, and whether the choice of volatile anesthetics affects its occurrence. Eight-week old C57BL/6J or P2X7 receptor knockout male mice were subjected to right carotid arterial exposure under anesthesia with 1.8% isoflurane, 2.5% sevoflurane or 10% desflurane. They were tested by Barnes maze and fear conditioning from 2weeks after the surgery. Hippocampus was harvested 6h, 24h and 7days after the surgery for immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Mice with surgery under anesthesia with isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane took longer than control mice to identify the target box 1 or 8days after the training sessions in Barnes maze. Mice anesthetized by isoflurane or sevoflurane, but not by desflurane, had less freezing behavior than control mice in fear conditioning test. Mice with surgery and anesthesia had increased ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 and interleukin 1β in the hippocampus but this increase was smaller in mice anesthetized with desflurane than mice anesthetized with isoflurane. Mice with surgery had increased P2X7 receptors and its downstream molecule caspase 1. Inhibition or knockout of P2X7 receptors attenuated surgery and anesthesia-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. We conclude that surgery under desflurane anesthesia may have reduced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment compared with surgery under isoflurane anesthesia. P2X7 receptors may mediate the neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Renchun Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A,Department of Anesthesiology and State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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Fleischmann T, Arras M, Sauer M, Saleh L, Rülicke T, Jirkof P. Voluntary intake of paracetamol-enriched drinking water and its influence on the success of embryo transfer in mice. Res Vet Sci 2016; 111:85-92. [PMID: 28086115 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Embryo transfer (ET) in mice is a key technique in biomedical research, and is carried out mostly via surgery by transferring founder embryos into pseudo-pregnant recipient females. To cover post-operative analgesic requirements in surrogate mothers, oral self-administration of painkillers has several advantages, but its effectiveness has also been criticized as voluntary ingestion of the drug can be uncertain. Additionally, concerns about potential negative side effects of analgesics on embryo viability and development have been raised. In this regard, we investigated the impact of orally administered analgesia by comparing the outcome of ET with and without paracetamol in the drinking water (3.5mg/ml) of surrogate mothers. Water intake increased significantly when paracetamol, as a sweet-tasting formulation (children's syrup), was added to the drinking water. Measurements of paracetamol concentrations in blood serum confirmed reasonable drug uptake. Success rate of ETs and the body weight of newborn offspring were not different whether paracetamol was administered for two days after surgery or not. In conclusion, paracetamol in drinking water was consumed voluntarily in substantial doses, without detectable side-effects, by freshly operated surrogate mothers, and can therefore be recommended as a feasible method for providing analgesic treatment for surgical ET in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Fleischmann
- Division of Surgical Research, Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 6, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Margarete Arras
- Division of Surgical Research, Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 6, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mareike Sauer
- Division of Surgical Research, Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 6, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lanja Saleh
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Paulin Jirkof
- Division of Surgical Research, Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 6, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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50
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Kaufmann D, Bates EA, Yagen B, Bialer M, Saunders GH, Wilcox K, White HS, Brennan KC. sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD) has antimigraine properties. Cephalalgia 2016; 36:924-35. [PMID: 26568161 PMCID: PMC4887413 DOI: 10.1177/0333102415612773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though migraine is disabling and affects 12%-15% of the population, there are few drugs that have been developed specifically for migraine prevention. Valproic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) that is also used for migraine prophylaxis, but its clinical use is limited by its side effect profile. sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD) is a novel VPA derivative, designed to be more potent and tolerable than VPA, that has shown efficacy in animal seizure and pain models. METHODS We evaluated SPD's antimigraine potential in the cortical spreading depression (CSD) and nitroglycerin (NTG) models of migraine. To evaluate SPD's mechanism of action, we performed whole-cell recordings on cultured cortical neurons and neuroblastoma cells. RESULTS In the CSD model, the SPD-treated group showed a significantly lower median number of CSDs compared to controls. In the NTG-induced mechanical allodynia model, SPD dose-dependently reduced mechanical sensitivity compared to controls. SPD showed both a significant potentiation of GABA-mediated currents and a smaller but significant decrease in NMDA currents in cultured cortical neurons. Kainic acid-evoked currents and voltage-dependent sodium channel currents were not changed by SPD. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate SPD's potential as a promising novel antimigraine compound, and suggest a GABAergic mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kaufmann
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, USA Department of Neurology, University of Utah, USA
| | - Emily A Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, USA
| | - Boris Yagen
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel David R. Bloom Center for Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meir Bialer
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel David R. Bloom Center for Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gerald H Saunders
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, USA
| | - Karen Wilcox
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, USA
| | - H Steve White
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, USA
| | - K C Brennan
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, USA
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