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Park H, Lee DH, You JH, Seok J, Lim JY, Kim GJ. Increased Hepatocyte Growth Factor Secretion by Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Ovarian Function in an Ovariectomized Rat Model via Vascular Remodeling by Wnt Signaling Activation. Cells 2023; 12:2708. [PMID: 38067136 PMCID: PMC10705748 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular network contributes to the development of follicles. However, the therapeutic mechanism between vascular remodeling and ovarian functions is still unclear. Therefore, we demonstrated whether increased HGF by placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) improves ovarian function in an ovariectomized rat model via vascular remodeling by Wnt signaling activation. We established a half-ovariectomized rat model in which damaged ovaries were induced by ovariectomy of half of each ovary, and PD-MSCs (5 × 105 cells) were transplanted by intravenous injection. Three weeks after transplantation, rats in all groups were sacrificed. We examined the secretion of HGF by PD-MSCs through culture medium. The vascular structure in injured ovarian tissues was restored to a greater extent in the PD-MSC transplantation (Tx) group than in the nontransplantation (NTx) group (* p < 0.05). The expression of genes related to Wnt signaling (e.g., LRP6, GSK3β, β-catenin) was significantly increased in the Tx group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). However, the expression of genes related to vascular permeability (e.g., Asef, ERG3) was significantly decreased in the Tx group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). Follicular development was improved in the Tx group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). Furthermore, to evaluate vascular function, we cocultivated PD-MSCs after human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and we analyzed the vascular formation assay and dextran assay in HUVECs. Cocultivation of PD-MSCs with injured HUVECs enhanced vascular formation and decreased endothelial cell permeability (* p < 0.05). Also, cocultivation of PD-MSCs with explanted ovarian tissues improved follicular maturation compared to cocultivation of the Wnt inhibitor-treated PD-MSCs with explanted ovarian tissues. Therefore, HGF secreted by PD-MSCs improved ovarian function in rats with ovarian dysfunction by decreasing vascular permeability via Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Park
- Department of Bioinspired Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- PLABiologics Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13522, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Lee
- Department of Bioinspired Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- PLABiologics Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13522, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeong You
- Department of Bioinspired Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok
- Department of Bioinspired Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Yun Lim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Hyejeon College, Hongsung-gun 32244, Chungnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Bioinspired Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- PLABiologics Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13522, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Feng Y, Tang Z, Zhang W. The role of macrophages in polycystic ovarian syndrome and its typical pathological features: A narrative review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115470. [PMID: 37716116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of childbearing age, with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) as the clinical features. Androgen excess, insulin resistance, obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, ovulatory dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis are the main pathological features and pathogenesis of PCOS and are related to systemic chronic low-grade inflammation and chronic ovarian tissue inflammation in PCOS. With the advances in immune-endocrine interaction studies, research on the role of immune cells in the occurrence and development of PCOS is gradually increasing. As the core of innate immunity, macrophages play an indispensable role in systemic inflammatory response. Meanwhile, they are involved in maintaining the stability and function of the ovary as the most abundant immune cells in ovarian tissue. Studies in humans and mice have found that the polarization of macrophages into M1 type plays multiple roles in the pathogenesis of PCOS. This review describes the distribution characteristics of macrophage subpopulations in patients and animal models with PCOS, discusses the role of macrophage-related metabolic inflammation in PCOS, and summarizes the relationship between macrophages and PCOS-related pathological features and its possible mechanisms, to further understand the pathogenesis of PCOS and reveal the role of macrophages in it. In addition, research on immune-endocrine interactions can also provide direction for finding new therapeutic targets for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Feng
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijing Tang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Chen X, Yu F, Zhu Z, Huang J, Zhang L, Pan J. The effect of fixed-time artificial insemination protocol initiated at different stages of the estrous cycle on follicle development and ovulation in gilts. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:380-385. [PMID: 34657902 PMCID: PMC8668377 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormonal products have been developed for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) to improve the efficiency of swine production. Here, we evaluated the effect of an FTAI protocol initiated during different phases of the estrous cycle on follicle development and ovulation in gilts. A total of 36 gilts were equally divided into three groups designated as the luteal (L), follicular (F), and post-ovulation (O) groups and fed with 20 mg of altrenogest for 18 days, followed by intramuscular injection of 1000 IU PMSG at 42 h after withdrawal of altrenogest, and 100 μg of GnRH after an 80-h interval. The L group had the highest number of follicles 4-6 mm in diameter, as well as corpora hemorrhagica. The mRNA expression of caspase-9 in the L group were significantly lower than those in the O and F groups (P < 0.05), while CYP11A1 and VEGF mRNA expression levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Moreover, FSHR mRNA levels were significantly higher in the O group than in the L, F, and control groups (P < 0.05). LHCGR and CYP19A1 mRNA levels were the highest in the F group (P < 0.05). Thus, the changes in the expression of genes associated with follicular development, maturation, and ovulation identified in this study indicated that initiation of the FTAI protocol during the luteal phase induced a better environment for follicle development and ovulation in gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fuxian Yu
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Ningbo Kuangdai Livestock Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315181, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Ningbo Kuangdai Livestock Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315181, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianzhi Pan
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Ningbo Kuangdai Livestock Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315181, China
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Zhang Z, Huang L, Brayboy L. Macrophages: an indispensable piece of ovarian health. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:527-538. [PMID: 33274732 PMCID: PMC7962765 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the ovary. In addition to their roles in the innate immune system, these heterogeneous tissue-resident cells are responsive to tissue-derived signals, adapt to their local tissue environment, and specialize in unique functions to maintain tissue homeostasis. Research in the past decades has established a strong link between macrophages and various aspects of ovarian physiology, indicating a pivotal role of macrophages in ovarian health. However, unlike other intensively studied organs, the knowledge of ovarian macrophages dates back to the time when the heterogeneity of ontogeny, phenotype, and function of macrophages was not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the evolving understanding of the biology of ovarian tissue-resident macrophages, highlight their regulatory roles in normal ovarian functions, review the association between certain ovarian pathologies and disturbed macrophage homeostasis, and finally, discuss the technologies that are essential for addressing key questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhang
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Lynae Brayboy
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
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Campos LB, Silva AM, Praxedes ÉCG, Bezerra LGP, Freitas JLS, Melo LM, Pereira AF, Figueiredo JR, Silva AR. Effect of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) on in vitro development of collared peccary preantral follicles in ovarian tissues. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 226:106717. [PMID: 33579546 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims were to identify the effects of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) on the in vitro development of ovarian preantral follicles (PAFs) of collared peccaries. Ovarian fragments were in vitro cultured for 1 or 7 days without or with inclusion of GDF-9 in the medium (0, 50, 100, or 200 ng/mL). The non-cultured (control) and cultured fragments were evaluated for PAF viability, activation, and cell proliferation. Although there were no differences in the percentage of morphologically normal follicles, the percentage of growing follicles was greater compared to the control in all treatment groups, especially those cultured with 200 ng/mL GDF-9 for 7 days (P < 0.05). The inclusion of GDF-9 in the medium did not interfere with PAF viability (P> 0.05); however, treatment with 200 ng/mL GDF-9 resulted in greater (P < 0.05) cell proliferation in PAFs cultured for 1 or 7 days (∼2.5 nucleolar organizing regions - NORs) compared to the follicles of the control group (2.0 NORs). In addition, peccary ovarian cortexes were subjected to PCR analysis and there was detection of the mRNA GDF-9 receptor transcripts of the BMPR2 (type I receptor) and ALK-5 (type II receptor) types. In conclusion, GDF-9, especially at a 200 ng/mL inclusion in the culture medium, was actively involved in the in vitro development of collared peccary PAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia B Campos
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Andreia M Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Érica C G Praxedes
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Luana G P Bezerra
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Jeferson L S Freitas
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Melo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra F Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - José R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes Enclosed in Preantral Follicles, State University of Ceará, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
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Souza SS, Alves BG, Alves KA, Brandão FAS, Brito DCC, Gastal MO, Rodrigues APR, Figueireod JR, Teixeira DIA, Gastal EL. Heterotopic autotransplantation of ovarian tissue in a large animal model: Effects of cooling and VEGF. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241442. [PMID: 33147235 PMCID: PMC7641372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic and orthotopic ovarian tissue autotransplantation techniques, currently used in humans, will become promising alternative methods for fertility preservation in domestic and wild animals. Thus, this study describes for the first time the efficiency of a heterotopic ovarian tissue autotransplantation technique in a large livestock species (i.e., horses) after ovarian fragments were exposed or not to a cooling process (4°C/24 h) and/or VEGF before grafting. Ovarian fragments were collected in vivo via an ultrasound-guided biopsy pick-up method and surgically autografted in a subcutaneous site in both sides of the neck in each mare. The blood flow perfusion at the transplantation site was monitored at days 2, 4, 6, and 7 post-grafting using color-Doppler ultrasonography. Ovarian grafts were recovered 7 days post-transplantation and subjected to histological analyses. The exposure of the ovarian fragments to VEGF before grafting was not beneficial to the quality of the tissue; however, the cooling process of the fragments reduced the acute hyperemia post-grafting. Cooled grafts compared with non-cooled grafts contained similar values for normal and developing preantral follicles, vessel density, and stromal cell apoptosis; lower collagen type III fibers and follicular density; and higher stromal cell density, AgNOR, and collagen type I fibers. In conclusion, VEGF exposure before autotransplantation did not improve the quality of grafted tissues. However, cooling ovarian tissue for at least 24 h before grafting can be beneficial because satisfactory rates of follicle survival and development, stromal cell survival and proliferation, as well as vessel density, were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara S. Souza
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging Applied to Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Benner G. Alves
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Kele A. Alves
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Fabiana A. S. Brandão
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging Applied to Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Danielle C. C. Brito
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Melba O. Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ana P. R. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - José R. Figueireod
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Dárcio I. A. Teixeira
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging Applied to Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L. Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
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Yan T, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Deng F, Cai Y, He J, Ma Z, He L, Luo J, Yang D, He Z. Expression patterns and oestradiol regulation of growth differentiation factor 9 in Schizothorax prenanti. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 248-249:110470. [PMID: 32653508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) plays pivotal roles in regulating follicular development in many mammalian species. In the present study, the full-length Schizothorax prenanti gdf9 cDNA sequence was isolated and characterized, and its expression pattern in developing gonads and in the gonads of exogenous oestradiol (E2)-fed fish were analysed. The S. prenanti gdf9 cDNA sequence consisted of 1958 base pairs (bp), encoded a 413 amino acid, and showed high sequence similarity with Carassius gibelio and Cyprinus carpio. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that gdf9 was mainly expressed in the gonads, with particularly high expression in the cortical alveoli stage ovary and late-spermatogenic stage testis. Immunohistochemical signals for Gdf9 were mainly detected in chromatin nucleolar oocytes, spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Furthermore, the gonadal expression of gdf9 induced by exogenous E2 was related to the feeding time and dose. Taken together, these findings were helpful to gain a better understanding of the role of Gdf9 in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Songpei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Faqiang Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yueping Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiayang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Vatanparast M, Moshrefi M, Yari N, Khalili MA, Macchiarelli G, Palmerini MG. Effective dosage of growth differentiation factor‐9β in folliculogenesis and angiogenesis in the sheep ovarian tissues grafted onto chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:1384-1392. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Vatanparast
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterRafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Iran
- Research and Clinical Center for InfertilityYazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Mojgan Moshrefi
- Research and Clinical Center for InfertilityYazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research CenterYazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Nahid Yari
- Research and Clinical Center for InfertilityYazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khalili
- Research and Clinical Center for InfertilityYazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Guido Macchiarelli
- Department of LifeHealth and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Palmerini
- Department of LifeHealth and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy
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Brązert M, Kranc W, Nawrocki MJ, Sujka-Kordowska P, Konwerska A, Jankowski M, Kocherova I, Celichowski P, Jeseta M, Ożegowska K, Antosik P, Bukowska D, Skowroński MT, Bruska M, Pawelczyk L, Zabel M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Nowicki M, Kempisty B. New markers for regulation of transcription and macromolecule metabolic process in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1537-1551. [PMID: 32016446 PMCID: PMC7002967 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte maturation is essential for proper fertilization, embryo implantation and early development. While the physiological conditions of these processes are relatively well-known, its exact molecular mechanisms remain widely undiscovered. Oocyte growth, differentiation and maturation are therefore the subject of scientific debate. Precious literature has indicated that the oocyte itself serves a regulatory role in the mechanisms underlying these processes. Hence, the present study performed expression microarrays to analyze the complete transcriptome of porcine oocytes during their in vitro maturation (IVM). Pig material was used for experimentation, as it possesses similarities to the reproductive processes and general genetic proximities of Sus scrofa to human. Oocytes, isolated from the ovaries of slaughtered animals were assessed via the Brilliant Cresyl Blue test and directed to IVM. A number of oocytes were left to be analyzed as the ‘before IVM’ group. Oocyte mRNA was isolated and used for microarray analysis, which was subsequently validated via RT-qPCR. The current study particularly focused on genes belonging to ‘positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent’, ‘positive regulation of gene expression’, ‘positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process’ and ‘positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter’ ontologies. FOS, VEGFA, ESR1, AR, CCND2, EGR2, ENDRA, GJA1, INHBA, IHH, INSR, APP, WWTR1, SMARCA1, NFAT5, SMAD4, MAP3K1, EGR1, RORA, ECE1, NR5A1, KIT, IKZF2, MEF2C, SH3D19, MITF and PSMB4 were all determined to be significantly altered (fold change, >|2|; P<0.05) among these groups, with their downregulation being observed after IVM. Genes with the most altered expressions were analyzed and considered to be potential markers of maturation associated with transcription regulation and macromolecule metabolism process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Brązert
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑535, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑781, Poland
| | - Mariusz J Nawrocki
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑781, Poland
| | - Patrycja Sujka-Kordowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑781, Poland
| | - Aneta Konwerska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑781, Poland
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑781, Poland
| | - Ievgeniia Kocherova
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑781, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑781, Poland
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno 601‑77, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Ożegowska
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑535, Poland
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun 87‑100, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun 87‑100, Poland
| | - Mariusz T Skowroński
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun 87‑100, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bruska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑781, Poland
| | - Leszek Pawelczyk
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑535, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50‑368, Poland
| | | | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑781, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑781, Poland
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Khristi V, Chakravarthi VP, Singh P, Ghosh S, Pramanik A, Ratri A, Borosha S, Roby KF, Wolfe MW, Rumi MAK. ESR2 regulates granulosa cell genes essential for follicle maturation and ovulation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:214-226. [PMID: 29580824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) plays a critical role in folliculogenesis and ovulation. Disruption of ESR2-function in the rats results in female infertility due to failure of ovulation. Ovulation failure occurred in two distinct rat models, a null mutant and a DNA binding domain (DBD) mutant of ESR2, indicating that transcriptional regulation by ESR2 is indispensable for ovulation. To define the regulatory role of ESR2 in preovulatory follicular maturation and ovulation, we investigated ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropins in prepubertal females. Granulosa cells (GCs) play a vital role in follicle maturation and ovulation, and ESR2-dependent estrogen signaling is predominant in GCs, therefore, we examined the differential expression of gonadotropin-induced genes in GCs. Of 32,623 genes detected by RNA-sequencing, 1696 were differentially expressed in Esr2-mutant rats (789 downregulated, and 907 upregulated, absolute fold change 2, FDR p < 0.05). Molecular pathway analyses indicated that these differentially expressed genes are involved in steroidogenesis, follicle maturation, and ovulation. Many of these genes are known regulators of ovarian function and a subset were also disrupted in Esr2-mutant mice. Interestingly, Kiss1 was identified as one of the differentially expressed genes implicating a potential role within the follicle and its regulation by ESR2. Our findings indicate that ESR2 regulates key genes in GCs that are essential for follicle maturation and ovulation in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincentaben Khristi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - V Praveen Chakravarthi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Subhra Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Archit Pramanik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Anamika Ratri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Shaon Borosha
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Katherine F Roby
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States; Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Michael W Wolfe
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States; Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - M A Karim Rumi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States; Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
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12
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Yang L, Chen L, Lu X, Tan A, Chen Y, Li Y, Peng X, Yuan S, Cai D, Yu Y. Peri-ovarian adipose tissue contributes to intraovarian control during folliculogenesis in mice. Reproduction 2018; 156:133-144. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peri-ovarian adipose tissue (POAT) is a kind of intra-abdominal white adipose tissue that is present surrounding the ovaries in rodents. Recent studies demonstrated that POAT-deficient mice displayed a phenotype of delayed antral follicular development, for which decreases in serum estrogen, serum FSH and FSHR levels were responsible. However, folliculogenesis is regulated by endocrine signals and also modulated by a number of locally produced intraovarian factors whose acts are both autocrine and paracrine. Here, we used a model of surgical removal of POAT unilaterally and contralateral ovaries as controls, as both were under the same endocrine control, to assess the paracrine effect of the POAT on folliculogenesis. Surgical removal of unilateral POAT resulted in delayed antral follicular development and the increased number of atretic follicles, accompanied by decreased levels of intraovarian adipokines and growth factors, lipid accumulation and steroidogenic enzyme expression. POAT-deficient ovaries displayed compensatory increased expressions of intraovarian genes, such as Vegf and Adpn for angiogenesis, Acc, Fasn, and Gapdh involved in lipogenesis and Fshr in response to FSH stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that removal of POAT promoted follicular apoptosis, caused retention of cytoplasmic YAP and inhibited PTEN-AKT-mTOR activation. These alterations were observed only in the POAT-deficient ovaries but not in the contralateral ovaries (with POAT), which suggests that a paracrine interaction between POAT and ovaries is important for normal folliculogenesis.
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13
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Zand-vakili M, Eimani H, Golkar-Narenji A, Eftekhari-Yazdi P, Shahverdi A, Mozdziak PE. Histological evaluation of the effect of VEGF on auto-transplanted mouse ovaries. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2016.1220976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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14
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Lei X, Cui K, Li Z, Su J, Jiang J, Zhang H, Liu Q, Shi D. BMP-1 participates in the selection and dominance of buffalo follicles by regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2015; 85:999-1012. [PMID: 26778140 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BMP1/TLD-related metalloproteinases play a key role in morphogenesis via the proteolytic maturation of a number of extracellular matrix proteins and the activation of a subset of growth factors of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. Recent data indicated that BMP1 is expressed in sheep ovarian follicles and showed a protease activity. The aim of the present study was to characterize the function of the buffalo BMP1 gene in folliculogenesis. A 3195-bp buffalo BMP1 mRNA fragment was firstly cloned and sequenced, which contained a whole 2967-bp codon sequence. The multialigned results suggested that BMP1 is highly conserved among different species both at the nucleic acid and the amino acid level. BMP1 is located in the oogonium of the fetal buffalo ovary and in the granulosa cells (GCs) and the oocytes of adult ovary from the primordial to the large antral follicles. Further study showed that BMP1 promoted cell cycle and proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in IVC GCs. Adding BMP1 recombinant protein to the culture medium of the GCs increased the expression of the key cell cycle regulators such as cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 and downregulated the expression of cell apoptosis pathway genes such as Cytochrome C, Fas, FasL, and Chop, both at the mRNA and at the protein levels. It also upregulated the expression of PAPP-A, IGF system, and VEGF, and so forth, which play important roles in the selection and dominance of growth follicles. The opposite results were observed by adding BMP1 antibody to the investigation groups. This study suggests that BMP1 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of IVC GCs by changing the expression pattern of related genes and may potentially promote the selection and dominance of the buffalo follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocan Lei
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Su
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianrong Jiang
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haihang Zhang
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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15
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Chen HY, Shen H, Jia B, Zhang YS, Wang XH, Zeng XC. Differential gene expression in ovaries of Qira black sheep and Hetian sheep using RNA-Seq technique. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120170. [PMID: 25790350 PMCID: PMC4366253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Qira black sheep and the Hetian sheep are two local breeds in the Northwest of China, which are characterized by high-fecundity and low-fecundity breed respectively. The elucidation of mRNA expression profiles in the ovaries among different sheep breeds representing fecundity extremes will helpful for identification and utilization of major prolificacy genes in sheep. In the present study, we performed RNA-seq technology to compare the difference in ovarian mRNA expression profiles between Qira black sheep and Hetian sheep. From the Qira black sheep and the Hetian sheep libraries, we obtained a total of 11,747,582 and 11,879,968 sequencing reads, respectively. After aligning to the reference sequences, the two libraries included 16,763 and 16,814 genes respectively. A total of 1,252 genes were significantly differentially expressed at Hetian sheep compared with Qira black sheep. Eight differentially expressed genes were randomly selected for validation by real-time RT-PCR. This study provides a basic data for future research of the sheep reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ying Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xu Hai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xian Cun Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Orief YI, Karkor TAE, Aly Saleh H, El Hadidy AS, Badr N. Comparative evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression in pre-ovulatory follicular fluid in normogonadotrophic and endometriotic patients undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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17
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Kere M, Siriboon C, Liao JW, Lo NW, Chiang HI, Fan YK, Kastelic JP, Ju JC. Vascular endothelial growth factor A improves quality of matured porcine oocytes and developing parthenotes. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 49:60-9. [PMID: 25061966 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor is a multipotent angiogenic factor implicated in cell survival and proliferation. The objective was to determine effects of exogenous recombinant human VEGFA (or VEGFA165) in culture media on porcine oocyte maturation and parthenote development. Adding 5 ng/mL VEGFA to the culture medium improved the maturation rate of denuded oocytes (P < 0.05), although 5, 50, or 500 ng/mL did not significantly affect nuclear maturation of oocytes. Parthenotes from oocytes cultured either in in vitro maturation or in vitro culture medium supplemented with 5 or 50 ng/mL VEGFA had an improved blastocyst rate and increased total numbers of cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, those treated with 5 ng/mL of VEGFA had a higher hatched blastocyst rate (average of 121 cells per blastocyst). All VEGFA-treated oocytes had reduced apoptotic indices (P < 0.05), except for those with a higher dose (500 ng/mL) of VEGFA which had more apoptotic cells (P < 0.05). Adding 5 ng/mL VEGFA to oocytes during the last 22 h of in vitro maturation improved (P < 0.05) blastocyst rates and total numbers of cells, with reduced apoptosis indices similar to that of long-term (44 h) culture. Furthermore, Axitinib (VEGFR inhibitor) reversed the effects of VEGFA on parthenote development (P < 0.05). Follicular fluids from medium (2-6 mm) to large (>6 mm) follicles contained 5.3 and 7.0 ng/mL vascular endothelial growth factor protein, respectively, higher (P < 0.05) than concentrations in small (<2 mm) follicles (0.4 ng/mL). Also, VEGFA and its receptor (VEGFR-2) were detected (immunohistochemistry) in growing follicles and developing blastocysts. In addition, VEGFA inhibited caspase-3 activation in matured oocytes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this is apparently the first report that VEGFA has proliferative and cytoprotective roles in maturing porcine oocytes and parthenotes. Furthermore, an optimal VEGFA concentration promoted porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kere
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - C Siriboon
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - J W Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - N W Lo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - H I Chiang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Y K Fan
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - J P Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J C Ju
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Agriculture Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Computer Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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18
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Huang CX, Wei XL, Chen N, Zhang J, Chen LP, Wang WM, Li JY, Wang HL. Growth differentiation factor 9 of Megalobrama amblycephala: molecular characterization and expression analysis during the development of early embryos and growing ovaries. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:193-203. [PMID: 23892883 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) is a member of the transforming growth factorβ superfamily and plays an essential role during follicle maturation in mammals. In the present study, the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of gdf9 was obtained from Megalobrama amblycephala. The cDNA sequence is 2,061 bp in length with an open reading frame of 1,287 bp encoding 428 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence shared identities of about 42-86 % with the homologues of other vertebrates. During the early development of embryos, the gdf9 mRNA was detected in zygote with significantly high level and declined sharply by 47 and 87 % at 4 hours post-fertilization (hpf) and 6 hpf and even to an undetectable level through advancing stages. Expression analysis based on quantitative real-time PCR revealed that gdf9 mRNA was mainly expressed in ovary, but much lower levels were also found in some nonovarian tissues. Within the follicle, gdf9 mRNA was localized both in the oocytes and the follicle layer cells by in situ hybridization. During the ovarian cycle, gdf9 mRNA significantly decreased after the previtellogenic stage and became to increase again after the fully grown stage. The results imply that Gdf9 may play critical physiological functions in M. amblycephala early embryonic development and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xiao Huang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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19
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Jeon YJ, Kim YR, Lee BE, Cha SH, Moon MJ, Oh D, Lee WS, Kim NK. Association of five common polymorphisms in the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene with primary ovarian insufficiency. Fertil Steril 2013; 101:825-32. [PMID: 24355042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between potentially functional plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) genetic polymorphisms and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Urban university-based hospital. PATIENT(S) A cohort of 137 POI patients and 227 controls. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Genotyping of five PAI-1 polymorphisms (-844G>A [rs2227631], -675 4G/5G [rs1799889], 43G>A (Ala>Thr) [rs6092], 9785G>A [rs2227694], and 11053T>G [rs7242]) was assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULT(S) PAI-1 polymorphisms 9785GA+AA, -844A/9785A, 4G/9785A, and 9785A/11053G were associated with POI occurrence. Moreover, -844GA+AA and 11053TG+GG were associated with lower serum E2 levels in controls. CONCLUSION(S) We have identified an association between five PAI-1 polymorphisms and POI occurrence. However, the mechanism underlying the function of these polymorphisms in POI remains to be determined. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the roles of PAI-1 polymorphisms and genes in related pathways, using a larger and more heterogeneous cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Jeon
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 463-712, South Korea
| | - Young Ran Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 463-712, South Korea
| | - Bo Eun Lee
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 463-712, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Cha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 463-712, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Moon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 463-712, South Korea
| | - Doyeun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 463-712, South Korea
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 135-081, South Korea
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 463-712, South Korea.
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20
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Field SL, Dasgupta T, Cummings M, Orsi NM. Cytokines in ovarian folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and luteinisation. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 81:284-314. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Field
- Women's Health Research Group; Leeds Institute of Cancer; Anatomy and Pathology; Wellcome Trust Brenner Building; St James's University Hospital; Leeds UK
| | - Tathagata Dasgupta
- Department of Systems Biology; Harvard Medical School; 200 Longwood Avenue Boston Massachusetts
| | - Michele Cummings
- Women's Health Research Group; Leeds Institute of Cancer; Anatomy and Pathology; Wellcome Trust Brenner Building; St James's University Hospital; Leeds UK
| | - Nicolas M. Orsi
- Women's Health Research Group; Leeds Institute of Cancer; Anatomy and Pathology; Wellcome Trust Brenner Building; St James's University Hospital; Leeds UK
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21
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The balance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic VEGFA isoforms regulate follicle development. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:635-47. [PMID: 22322423 PMCID: PMC3429770 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) has been extensively studied because of its role in follicular development and is a principal angiogenic factor essential for angiogenesis. Since vascularization of the theca layer increases as follicles progress in size through preantral and antral stages, VEGFA might influence follicle growth via the regulation of angiogenesis. However, VEGFA might also influence follicular development through nonangiogenic mechanisms, since its expression has been localized in nonvascular follicles and cells. Alternative mRNA splicing of eight exons from the VEGFA gene results in the formation of various VEGFA isoforms. Each isoform has unique properties and is identified by the number of amino acids within the mature protein. Proangiogenic isoforms (VEGFA_XXX) are encoded by exon 8a, whereas a sister set of isoforms (VEGFA_XXXB) with antiangiogenic properties is encoded by exon 8b. The antiangiogenic VEGFA_XXXB isoforms comprise the majority of VEGFA expressed in most tissues, whereas expression of the proangiogenic VEGFA isoforms is upregulated in tissues undergoing active angiogenesis. Although proangiogenic and antiangiogenic isoforms can now be distinguished from one another, many studies evaluating VEGFA in ovarian and follicular development up to now have not differentiated proangiogenic VEGFA from antiangiogenic VEGFA. Experiments from our laboratory indicate that proangiogenic VEGFA promotes follicle recruitment and early follicular development and antiangiogenic VEGFA inhibits these processes. The balance of proangiogenic versus antiangiognic VEGFA isoforms is thus of importance during follicle development. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the way that this balance regulates follicular formation and progression.
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22
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Nishigaki A, Okada H, Okamoto R, Sugiyama S, Miyazaki K, Yasuda K, Kanzaki H. Concentrations of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in relation to the diameter of human follicles. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:742-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Caires KC, de Avila J, McLean DJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates germ cell survival during establishment of spermatogenesis in the bovine testis. Reproduction 2009; 138:667-77. [PMID: 19633133 DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) is a hypoxia-inducible peptide essential for angiogenesis and targets nonvascular cells in a variety of tissues and cell types. The objective of the current study was to determine the function of VEGF during testis development in bulls. We used an explant tissue culture and treatment approach to test the hypothesis that VEGFA-164 could regulate the biological activity of bovine germ cells. We demonstrate that VEGFA, KDR, and FLT1 proteins are expressed in germ and somatic cells in the bovine testis. Treatment of bovine testis tissue with VEGFA in vitro resulted in significantly more germ cells following 5 days of culture when compared with controls. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis determined that VEGF treatment stimulated an intracellular response that prevents germ cell death in bovine testis tissue explants, as indicated by increased expression of BCL2 relative to BAX and decreased expression of BNIP3 at 3, 6, and 24 h during culture. Blocking VEGF activity in vitro using antisera against KDR and VEGF significantly reduced the number of germ cells in VEGF-treated testis tissue to control levels at 120 h. Testis grafting provided in vivo evidence that bovine testis tissue treated with VEGFA for 5 days in culture contained significantly more differentiating germ cells compared with controls. These findings support the conclusion that VEGF supports germ cell survival and sperm production in bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Caires
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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24
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Abir R, Ao A, Zhang XY, Garor R, Nitke S, Fisch B. Vascular endothelial growth factor A and its two receptors in human preantral follicles from fetuses, girls, and women. Fertil Steril 2009; 93:2337-47. [PMID: 19409555 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and that its two receptors (VEGFR1, VEGFR2) in human preantral follicles. DESIGN Immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) study of the expression of the VEGF-A system in human ovaries. SETTING Major tertiary-care academic center. PATIENT(S) Twenty-two patients who underwent pregnancy terminations at 21-35 gestational weeks and 29 girls/women aged 5-39 years who underwent ovarian laparoscopies. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Laboratory analysis of human ovarian specimens. RESULT(S) Immunhistochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed the expression of the proteins and mRNA transcripts for VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in oocytes, granulosa cells, and stroma cells from fetuses and girls/women. The protein for VEGF-A was detected immunohistochemically in oocytes, granulosa cells, and stroma cells from fetuses and girls. VEGF-A and VEGFR1 proteins were expressed more strongly than VEGFR2. VEGF-A(121), VEGF-A(165), and VEGF-A(189) isoforms were identified by RT-PCR in the ovarian samples from fetuses and women. CONCLUSION(S) The presence of the VEGF-A receptors, particularly in the granulosa cells, suggests that VEGF-A might be involved in proliferation initiation of primordial follicles or play an as yet unknown role in human preantral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Abir
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
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25
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Zhao SY, Qiao J, Chen YJ, Liu P, Li J, Yan J. Expression of growth differentiation factor-9 and bone morphogenetic protein-15 in oocytes and cumulus granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2009; 94:261-7. [PMID: 19376510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) on the development of follicles among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING University Hospital. PATIENT(S) Twenty-two oocytes were obtained from 15 patients with PCOS and 67 oocytes from 58 controls. Cumulus granulosa cells (GC) were obtained from 16 patients with PCOS and controls treated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. INTERVENTION(S) Immunofluorescence combined with laser scanning confocal microscopy and immunocytochemistry were used to analyze the expression of GDF-9 and BMP-15 in oocytes and cumulus GCs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) To detect the protein expression levels. RESULT(S) No significant difference was found in the expression of GDF-9 and BMP-15 in the oocytes and BMP-15 in the cumulus GCs of patients with PCOS and controls. However, the expression of GDF-9 in cumulus GCs of patients with PCOS was decreased significantly compared with controls (8.88 +/- 1.52 vs. 5.01 +/- 0.83). CONCLUSION(S) The expression of GDF-9 and BMP-15 in the oocytes of patients with PCOS who received ovulation induction treatment was in the normal range, but the GDF-9 expression in cumulus GCs from patients with PCOS was significantly lower than the normal. Reduced GDF-9 expression in cumulus GCs of patients with PCOS appears to be associated with decreased long-term developmental potential of the oocytes of patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Foster R, Segers I, Smart D, Adriaenssens T, Smitz J, Arce JC, Princivalle M. A differential cytokine expression profile is induced by highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone in a pre- and postovulatory mouse follicle culture model. Fertil Steril 2009; 93:1464-76. [PMID: 19362302 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the differential effects of highly purified (HP) hMG or recombinant FSH (rFSH) on cytokine expression before and after ovulation in an in vitro mouse ovarian follicle model. DESIGN A prospective laboratory in vitro study. SETTING A university-based reproductive biology laboratory. MATERIAL(S): Mechanically isolated mouse preantral follicles from 14-day-old prepubertal mouse ovaries (F1 hybrids: C57BL/6JxCBA/ca). INTERVENTION(S) Randomly distributed mouse early preantral follicles were exposed to two hyperstimulation conditions with either HP-hMG or rFSH. An ovulatory stimulus was given using hCG/epidermal growth factor. Conditioned media from the two culture conditions were collected on the days before and after in vitro ovulation. Conditioned media were compared for their relative cytokine profile content as measured by a cytokine antibody array analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Relative concentrations of 62 cytokines in conditioned media before and after ovulation. RESULT(S) Statistically significant increase in the production of a number of cytokines was found after HP-hMG stimulation compared with rFSH: 14 and 24 pre- and post-rhCG, respectively. Cytokines with the largest significant difference (more than 5 times) before and after ovulation included thymus-expressed cytokine (TECK), sTNFRI, and SDF-1alpha. The cytokines that are most strongly related to oocyte and embryo quality and implantation and that have been related to oocyte yield and maturation were significantly higher with HP-hMG. CONCLUSION(S) The significant differences in follicular cytokine production induced by HP-HMG and rFSH before and after in vitro ovulation might explain the difference in treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Foster
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Research and Development, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bruno JB, Celestino JJH, Lima-Verde IB, Lima LF, Matos MHT, Araújo VR, Saraiva MVA, Martins FS, Name KPO, Campello CC, Báo SN, Silva JRV, Figueiredo JR. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor in goat ovaries and improvement of in vitro caprine preantral follicle survival and growth with VEGF. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009; 21:679-87. [DOI: 10.1071/rd08181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the survival and growth of goat preantral follicles after in vitro culture and to verify the expression of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 in goat ovaries. Ovarian fragments were cultured for 1 or 7 days in minimal essential medium (MEM) with different concentrations of VEGF (1, 10, 50, 100 or 200 ng mL–1). Non-cultured (fresh control) and cultured tissues were processed for histological and ultrastructural studies. The results showed that 200 ng mL–1 VEGF resulted in a similar percentage of normal preantral follicles after 1 and 7 days of culture compared with control. Compared with basic culture medium alone, an increase in follicular and oocyte diameters was observed in the presence of 10 ng mL–1 VEGF after 7 days culture. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed follicular integrity after 7 days culture in the presence of 200 ng mL–1 VEGF. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the expression of VEGFR-2 in oocytes and granulosa cells of all follicular stages, except in granulosa cells of primordial follicles. In conclusion, the present study has shown that VEGF maintains follicular ultrastructural integrity and promotes follicular growth. In addition, VEGFR-2 is expressed in oocytes of caprine ovarian follicles at all developmental stages and in granulosa cells of developing follicles.
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Martelli A, Bernabò N, Berardinelli P, Russo V, Rinaldi C, Di Giacinto O, Mauro A, Barboni B. Vascular supply as a discriminating factor for pig preantral follicle selection. Reproduction 2008; 137:45-58. [PMID: 18840644 DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This research analyses how somatic and vascular compartments change during preantral follicle growth. To address this aim, theca-granulosa (somatic) proliferation indexes (PIs), proportion of proliferating endothelial cells (PE), vascular area (VA) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression were simultaneously recorded on single healthy preantral follicles, classified into six different stages on the basis of the diameter and the granulosa layers. An autonomous blood vessel network starts to appear only in class 3. Vascular remodelling requires VEGFA expression, and VEGFA mRNA and VA significantly increase between class 3 and classes 4 and 5 and, further, in class 6. In addition, a positive correlation exists between these parameters in classes 3-5. Despite variation in angiogenesis results from classes 3 to 5, the statistical analysis reveals that the vascular parameters are positively and strictly correlated with somatic PIs. Conversely, class 6, also characterized by higher values of somatic PIs, displays a stable proportion of PEs ( congruent with 40%) without showing any correlation among the different parameters analysed. To identify follicular subpopulations within different classes, a multivariate hierarchical cluster analysis was performed. This analysis reveals that the majority of classes 3 and 4 are quiescent follicles or structures that grow very slowly. Class 5 represents a transitory category, where half of the follicles maintain a low activity and the remaining express significantly higher levels of granulosa PI and VA. The follicles with this high activity are probably able to reach class 6 becoming dominant structures where somatic and vascular parameters are constantly on high levels and the VA remains the unique differentiating element.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
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29
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Skinner MK, Schmidt M, Savenkova MI, Sadler-Riggleman I, Nilsson EE. Regulation of granulosa and theca cell transcriptomes during ovarian antral follicle development. Mol Reprod Dev 2008; 75:1457-72. [PMID: 18288646 PMCID: PMC5749411 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells are required for female endocrine function and fertility. To elucidate these interactions the regulation of the granulosa and theca cell transcriptomes during bovine antral follicle development were investigated. Granulosa cells and theca cells were isolated from small (<5 mm), medium (5-10 mm), and large (>10 mm) antral bovine follicles. A microarray analysis of 24,000 bovine genes revealed that granulosa cells and theca cells each had gene sets specific to small, medium and large follicle cells. Transcripts regulated (i.e., minimally changed 1.5-fold) during antral follicle development for the granulosa cells involved 446 genes and for theca cells 248 genes. Only 28 regulated genes were common to both granulosa and theca cells. Regulated genes were functionally categorized with a focus on growth factors and cytokines expressed and regulated by the two cell types. Candidate regulatory growth factor proteins mediating both paracrine and autocrine cell-cell interactions include macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP1 beta), teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 (TDGF1), stromal derived growth factor 1 (SDF1; i.e., CXCL12), growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), glia maturation factor gamma (GMFG), osteopontin (SPP1), angiopoietin 4 (ANGPT4), and chemokine ligands (CCL 2, 3, 5, and 8). The current study examined granulosa cell and theca cell regulated genes associated with bovine antral follicle development and identified candidate growth factors potentially involved in the regulation of cell-cell interactions required for ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4231, USA.
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Lee EJ, Oh B, Lee JY, Kimm K, Park JM, Baek KH. Association study between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the VEGF gene and polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2007; 89:1751-9. [PMID: 17953946 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene that have significant associations with the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a Korean population. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING University-based hospital. PATIENT(S) One hundred thirty-four patients with PCOS and 100 healthy women as controls. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Frequencies of genotypes for SNPs in VEGF gene, which were specifically expressed in a Korean population. RESULT(S) After genotypic analysis, we found that among 10 SNPs, one novel SNP at site +9812 and one known SNP at site +13553 have P values lower than .05 (+9812: odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.61 [0.39-0.95]; +13553: odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.59 [0.37-0.93]) and one haplotype (ht4) also has a P value in the significant range (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.34 [0.16-0.74]). CONCLUSION(S) We concluded that one novel SNP at +9812 site, one known SNP at +13553 site, and one selected haplotype in the VEGF gene have a high possibility of significant associations with the pathogenesis of PCOS in a Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung-Ji Lee
- Graduate School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Cell and Gene Therapy Research Institute, Pochon CHA University, CHA General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Zhu G, Guo B, Pan D, Mu Y, Feng S. Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins and receptors in porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes during in vitro maturation. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 104:275-83. [PMID: 17368971 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In vitro oocyte growth is the essential technology which enables oocytes to achieve maturation and acquire the competence for subsequent manipulation. There is increasing evidence that members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily are expressed in a variety of cell types within the ovary in a developmental stage-related manner and function as crucial factors in oocyte growth and follicular development. However, the expression of TGF-beta family members has been studied extensively in follicular compartment cells in the ovaries while poorly explored in the cumulus-oocytes complex (COC) within culture systems. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, we investigated the temporal and spatial expression patterns of several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP-15 and GDF-9), as well as BMP receptors (BMPRIA, BMPRIB, BMPRII and ActRII), in porcine COCs throughout in vitro maturation (IVM). In oocytes, the transcription of BMP-6, BMP-15, GDF-9 and BMPRII were down-regulated, while BMP-4, BMPRIA and BMPRIB remained unchanged during IVM. In cumulus cells, BMP-4 mRNA expression increased significantly, while BMP-6 and ActRII was down-regulated during IVM. Nevertheless, mRNAs of BMPRIA, BMPRIB and BMPRII were constantly expressed in cumulus cells in the process. However, BMP-15 was absent in cumulus cells and ActRII was not detected in oocytes. In addition, hardly any transcription of BMP-2, BMP-5, BMP-7, ActRIA was found in porcine COCs throughout IVM. These data demonstrate a complex BMP-signaling system for member gene expression within porcine COCs during IVM and indicate the need for further functional characterization of these factors during oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Zhu
- Department of Gene and Cell Engineering, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
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