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Guo X, Geng L, Jiang C, Yao W, Jin J, Liu Z, Mu Y. Multiplexed genome engineering for porcine fetal fibroblasts with gRNA-tRNA arrays based on CRISPR/Cas9. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4703-4712. [PMID: 36946758 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2187402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex gene modifications are highly required for various fields of porcine research. In many species, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely applied for genomic editing and provides a potential tool for introducing multiplex genome mutations simultaneously. Here, we present a CRISPR-Cas9 gRNA-tRNA array (GTR-CRISPR) for multiplexed engineering of porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs). We successfully produced multiple sgRNAs using only one Pol III promoter by taking advantage of the endogenous tRNA processing mechanism in porcine cells. Using an all-in-one construct carrying GTR and Cas9, we disrupted the IGFBP3, MSTN, MC4R, and SOCS2 genes in multiple codon regions in one PFF cell simultaneously. This technique allows the simultaneous disruption of four genes with 5.5% efficiency. As a result, this approach may effectively target multiple genes at the same time, making it a powerful tool for establishing multiple genes mutant cells in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lishuang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Junxue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanshuang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Ogun OJ, Thaller G, Becker D. Molecular Structural Analysis of Porcine CMAH-Native Ligand Complex and High Throughput Virtual Screening to Identify Novel Inhibitors. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050684. [PMID: 37242354 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine meat is the most consumed red meat worldwide. Pigs are also vital tools in biological and medical research. However, xenoreactivity between porcine's N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies poses a significant challenge. On the one hand, dietary Neu5Gc intake has been connected to particular human disorders. On the other hand, some pathogens connected to pig diseases have a preference for Neu5Gc. The Cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) catalyses the conversion of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to Neu5Gc. In this study, we predicted the tertiary structure of CMAH, performed molecular docking, and analysed the protein-native ligand complex. We performed a virtual screening from a drug library of 5M compounds and selected the two top inhibitors with Vina scores of -9.9 kcal/mol for inhibitor 1 and -9.4 kcal/mol for inhibitor 2. We further analysed their pharmacokinetic and pharmacophoric properties. We conducted stability analyses of the complexes with molecular dynamic simulations of 200 ns and binding free energy calculations. The overall analyses revealed the inhibitors' stable binding, which was further validated by the MMGBSA studies. In conclusion, this result may pave the way for future studies to determine how to inhibit CMAH activities. Further in vitro studies can provide in-depth insight into these compounds' therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwamayowa Joshua Ogun
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg Thaller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Doreen Becker
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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3
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Watanabe M, Nagashima H. Genome Editing of Pig. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2637:269-292. [PMID: 36773154 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3016-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Pigs have anatomical and physiological characteristics similar to humans; therefore, genetically modified pigs have the potential to become a valuable bioresource in biomedical research. In fact, considering the increasing need for translational research, pigs are useful for studying intractable diseases, organ transplantation, and regenerative medicine as large-scale experimental animals with excellent potential for extrapolation to humans. With the advent of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), breakthroughs in genome editing tools such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) have facilitated the efficient generation of genetically modified pigs. Genome editing has been used in pigs for more than 10 years; now, along with knockout pigs, knock-in pigs are also gaining increasing importance. In this chapter, we describe the establishment of gene-modified cells (nuclear donor cells), which are necessary for gene knockout and production of knock-in pigs via somatic cell nuclear transplantation, as well as the production of gene knockout pigs using a simple cytoplasmic injection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,PorMedTec Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Himaki T, Hano K. Effects of alpha lipoic acid treatment during in vitro maturation on the development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13889. [PMID: 38031165 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress influences the embryo production efficiency in vitro. We investigated the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) treatment during the in vitro maturation (IVM) period on the porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryo production. After IVM, maturation rates of the 12.5- and 25-μM ALA-treated groups were not significantly different from those of the 0-μM ALA-treated group. Compared to those in the 0-μM ALA-treated group, the reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in the cytoplasm of matured oocytes in the 12.5-50-μM ALA-treated groups. Apoptosis rate in cumulus cells after IVM was significantly lower in the 12.5-50-μM ALA-treated groups than in the 0-μM ALA-treated group. Blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher in parthenogenetic oocytes treated with 12.5-μM ALA than in the 0-, 25-, and 50-μM ALA-treated groups. Similarly, in SCNT embryos, the 12.5-μM ALA-treated group showed a significantly higher blastocyst formation rate than the 0-μM ALA-treated group. Apoptosis rate in SCNT blastocysts was significantly decreased by 12.5-μM ALA treatment. The results showed that treatment with 12.5-μM ALA during IVM improves porcine SCNT embryo development and partial quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Himaki
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Ogun OJ, Thaller G, Becker D. An Overview of the Importance and Value of Porcine Species in Sialic Acid Research. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060903. [PMID: 35741423 PMCID: PMC9219854 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Humans frequently interact with pigs and porcine meat is the most consumed red meat in the world. In addition, due to the many physiological and anatomical similarities shared between pigs and humans, in contrast to most mammalian species, pigs are a suitable model organism and pig organs can be used for xenotransplantation. However, one major challenge of porcine meat consumption and xenotransplantation is the xenoreactivity between red meat Neu5Gc sialic acid and human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, which are associated with certain diseases and disorders. Furthermore, pigs express both α2-3 and α2-6 Sia linkages that could serve as viable receptors for viral infections, reassortments, and cross-species transmission of viruses. Therefore, pigs play a significant role in sialic acid research and, in general, in human health. Abstract Humans frequently interact with pigs, whose meat is also one of the primary sources of animal protein. They are one of the main species at the center of sialic acid (Sia) research. Sias are sugars at terminals of glycoconjugates, are expressed at the cell surfaces of mammals, and are important in cellular interactions. N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) are notable Sias in mammals. Cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) encodes the CMAH enzyme that biosynthesizes Neu5Gc. Although humans cannot endogenously synthesize Neu5Gc due to the inactivation of this gene by a mutation, Neu5Gc can be metabolically incorporated into human tissues from red meat consumption. Interactions between Neu5Gc and human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies have been associated with certain diseases and disorders. In this review, we summarized the sialic acid metabolic pathway, its regulation and link to viral infections, as well as the importance of the pig as a model organism in Sia research, making it a possible source of Neu5Gc antigens affecting human health. Future research in solving the structures of crucial enzymes involved in Sia metabolism, as well as their regulation and interactions with other enzymes, especially CMAH, could help to understand their function and reduce the amount of Neu5Gc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwamayowa Joshua Ogun
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany;
- Correspondence: (O.J.O.); (D.B.)
| | - Georg Thaller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Doreen Becker
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (O.J.O.); (D.B.)
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Study of the CRISPR/Cas3 System for Xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:522-524. [PMID: 35031120 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas3 system, classified in class I system, was recently focused as a new technology. For application of this system to porcine cells, the plasmids of bpNLS-Cascade, BPNLS-hCas3, and pBS-U6icrRNA were prepared. Initially, 2 crRNAs were established in the exon 9 of pig Gal-T (GGTA1) as #45 and #86. Next, hCas3 + #45 + #86 (group 1, control), Cascade + hCas3 + #45 (group 2), Cascade + hCas3 + #86 (group 3), and Cascade + hCas3 + #45 + #86 (group 4) were set and transfected into pig fibroblasts. Transfected cells were analyzed for bulk expression of α1,3Gal epitope by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), using a GSI-B4 lectin 2 days after the transfection. As the results, changes of expression are observed in order of G4>G2>G3, indicating the effect of the Cas3 system. Therefore, the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for target region of GGTA1 was performed. Next, the PCR products from each group were checked in blotting, and the products were placed into the cloning sit of TOPO vector and transformed into Escherichia coli. Sixteen colonies of each group were checked by PCR, and clones containing PCR product with slightly varying length were evaluated. The direct sequence of these PCR changes were demonstrated as 294 to 754 bp deletions. In conclusion, we confirmed the effect of the CRISPR/Cas3 system on pig cell, especially in xenotransplantation.
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Generation of heterozygous PKD1 mutant pigs exhibiting early-onset renal cyst formation. J Transl Med 2022; 102:560-569. [PMID: 34980882 PMCID: PMC9042704 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease, manifesting as the progressive development of fluid-filled renal cysts. In approximately half of all patients with ADPKD, end-stage renal disease results in decreased renal function. In this study, we used CRISPR-Cas9 and somatic cell cloning to produce pigs with the unique mutation c.152_153insG (PKD1insG/+). Pathological analysis of founder cloned animals and progeny revealed that PKD1insG/+ pigs developed many pathological conditions similar to those of patients with heterozygous mutations in PKD1. Pathological similarities included the formation of macroscopic renal cysts at the neonatal stage, number and cystogenic dynamics of the renal cysts formed, interstitial fibrosis of the renal tissue, and presence of a premature asymptomatic stage. Our findings demonstrate that PKD1insG/+ pigs recapitulate the characteristic symptoms of ADPKD.
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Nagaya M, Hasegawa K, Uchikura A, Nakano K, Watanabe M, Umeyama K, Matsunari H, Osafune K, Kobayashi E, Nakauchi H, Nagashima H. Feasibility of large experimental animal models in testing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:306-330. [PMID: 33889282 PMCID: PMC8040081 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is among the top 10 causes of death in adults and caused approximately four million deaths worldwide in 2017. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes is predicted to increase. To alleviate this potentially severe situation, safer and more effective therapeutics are urgently required. Mice have long been the mainstay as preclinical models for basic research on diabetes, although they are not ideally suited for translating basic knowledge into clinical applications. To validate and optimize novel therapeutics for safe application in humans, an appropriate large animal model is needed. Large animals, especially pigs, are well suited for biomedical research and share many similarities with humans, including body size, anatomical features, physiology, and pathophysiology. Moreover, pigs already play an important role in translational studies, including clinical trials for xenotransplantation. Progress in genetic engineering over the past few decades has facilitated the development of transgenic animals, including porcine models of diabetes. This article discusses features that attest to the attractiveness of genetically modified porcine models of diabetes for testing novel treatment strategies using recent technical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nagaya
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Immunology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 261-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research and Development, PorMedTec Co. Ltd, Kawasaki 214-0034, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research and Development, PorMedTec Co. Ltd, Kawasaki 214-0034, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research and Development, PorMedTec Co. Ltd, Kawasaki 214-0034, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
Genetically modified animals, especially rodents, are widely used in biomedical research. However, non-rodent models are required for efficient translational medicine and preclinical studies. Owing to the similarity in the physiological traits of pigs and humans, genetically modified pigs may be a valuable resource for biomedical research. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using genetically modified somatic cells has been the primary method for the generation of genetically modified pigs. However, site-specific gene modification in porcine cells is inefficient and requires laborious and time-consuming processes. Recent improvements in gene-editing systems, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system, represent major advances. The efficient introduction of site-specific modifications into cells via gene editors dramatically reduces the effort and time required to generate genetically modified pigs. Furthermore, gene editors enable direct gene modification during embryogenesis, bypassing the SCNT procedure. The application of gene editors has progressively expanded, and a range of strategies is now available for porcine gene engineering. This review provides an overview of approaches for the generation of genetically modified pigs using gene editors, and highlights the current trends, as well as the limitations, of gene editing in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Tanihara
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
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Vanhove B, Duvaux O, Rousse J, Royer PJ, Evanno G, Ciron C, Lheriteau E, Vacher L, Gervois N, Oger R, Jacques Y, Conchon S, Salama A, Duchi R, Lagutina I, Perota A, Delahaut P, Ledure M, Paulus M, So RT, Mok CKP, Bruzzone R, Bouillet M, Brouard S, Cozzi E, Galli C, Blanchard D, Bach JM, Soulillou JP. High neutralizing potency of swine glyco-humanized polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1412-1422. [PMID: 33576494 PMCID: PMC8014652 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous polyclonal antibodies might represent an alternative to the use of convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) by targeting multiple antigen epitopes. However, heterologous antibodies trigger human natural xenogeneic antibody responses particularly directed against animal‐type carbohydrates, mainly the N‐glycolyl form of the neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and the α1,3‐galactose, potentially leading to serum sickness or allergy. Here, we immunized cytidine monophosphate‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase and α1,3‐galactosyl‐transferase (GGTA1) double KO pigs with the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike receptor binding domain to produce glyco‐humanized polyclonal neutralizing antibodies lacking Neu5Gc and α1,3‐galactose epitopes. Animals rapidly developed a hyperimmune response with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 end‐titers binding dilutions over one to a million and end‐titers neutralizing dilutions of 1:10 000. The IgG fraction purified and formulated following clinical Good Manufacturing Practices, named XAV‐19, neutralized spike/angiotensin converting enzyme‐2 interaction at a concentration <1 μg/mL, and inhibited infection of human cells by SARS‐CoV‐2 in cytopathic assays. We also found that pig GH‐pAb Fc domains fail to interact with human Fc receptors, thereby avoiding macrophage‐dependent exacerbated inflammatory responses and a possible antibody‐dependent enhancement. These data and the accumulating safety advantages of using GH‐pAbs in humans warrant clinical assessment of XAV‐19 against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Romain Oger
- Inserm, CRCINA, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Sophie Conchon
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
| | | | - Roberto Duchi
- Avantea, Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Cremona, Italy
| | - Irina Lagutina
- Avantea, Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Cremona, Italy
| | - Andrea Perota
- Avantea, Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Cremona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ray T So
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Chris Ka-Pun Mok
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Roberto Bruzzone
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.,Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Brouard
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
| | - Emanuele Cozzi
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea, Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Cremona, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Marie Bach
- IECM, Immuno-endocrinology, USC1383, Oniris, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
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11
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Vanhove B, Duvaux O, Rousse J, Royer PJ, Evanno G, Ciron C, Lheriteau E, Vacher L, Gervois N, Oger R, Jacques Y, Conchon S, Salama A, Duchi R, Lagutina I, Perota A, Delahaut P, Ledure M, Paulus M, So RT, Mok CKP, Bruzzone R, Bouillet M, Brouard S, Cozzi E, Galli C, Blanchard D, Bach JM, Soulillou JP. High neutralizing potency of swine glyco-humanized polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 34013271 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.25.217158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perfusion of convalescent plasma (CP) has demonstrated a potential to improve the pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV-2, but procurement and standardization of CP are barriers to its wide usage. Many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed but appear insufficient to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 unless two or three of them are being combined. Therefore, heterologous polyclonal antibodies of animal origin, that have been used for decades to fight against infectious agents might represent a highly efficient alternative to the use of CP or mAbs in COVID-19 by targeting multiple antigen epitopes. However, conventional heterologous polyclonal antibodies trigger human natural xenogeneic antibody responses particularly directed against animal-type carbohydrate epitopes, mainly the N-glycolyl form of the neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and the Gal α1,3-galactose (αGal), ultimately forming immune complexes and potentially leading to serum sickness or allergy. To circumvent these drawbacks, we engineered animals lacking the genes coding for the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) and α1,3-galactosyl-transferase (GGTA1) enzymes to produce glyco-humanized polyclonal antibodies (GH-pAb) lacking Neu5Gc and α-Gal epitopes. We found that pig IgG Fc domains fail to interact with human Fc receptors and thereby should confer the safety advantage to avoiding macrophage dependent exacerbated inflammatory responses, a drawback possibly associated with antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 or to avoiding a possible antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Therefore, we immunized CMAH/GGTA1 double knockout (DKO) pigs with the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) to elicit neutralizing antibodies. Animals rapidly developed a hyperimmune response with anti-SARS-CoV-2 end-titers binding dilutions over one to a million and end-titers neutralizing dilutions of 1:10,000. The IgG fraction purified and formulated following clinical Good Manufacturing Practices, named XAV-19, neutralized Spike/angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) interaction at a concentration < 1μg/mL and inhibited infection of human cells by SARS-CoV-2 in cytopathic assays. These data and the accumulating safety advantages of using glyco-humanized swine antibodies in humans warranted clinical assessment of XAV-19 to fight against COVID-19.
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Chai YR, Cao XX, Ge MM, Mi CL, Guo X, Wang TY. Knockout of cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase in Chinese hamster ovary cells by CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technology. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Tector AJ, Mosser M, Tector M, Bach JM. The Possible Role of Anti-Neu5Gc as an Obstacle in Xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:622. [PMID: 32351506 PMCID: PMC7174778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy to ninety percentage of preformed xenoreactive antibodies in human serum bind to the galactose-α(1,3)-galactose Gal epitope, and the creation of Gal knockout (KO) pigs has eliminated hyperacute rejection as a barrier to xenotransplantation. Now other glycan antigens are barriers to move ahead with xenotransplantation, and the N-glycolyl neuraminic acid, Neu5Gc (or Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen), is also a major pig xenoantigen. Humans have anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Several data indicate a strong immunogenicity of Neu5Gc in humans that may contribute to an important part in antibody-dependent injury to pig xenografts. Pig islets express Neu5Gc, which reacted with diet-derived human antibodies and mice deleted for Neu5Gc reject pancreatic islets from wild-type counterpart. However, Neu5Gc positive heart were not rejected in Neu5Gc KO mice indicating that the role of Neu5Gc-specific antibodies has to be nuanced and depend of the graft situation parameters (organ/tissue, recipient, implication of other glycan antigens). Recently generated Gal/Neu5Gc KO pigs eliminate the expression of Gal and Neu5Gc, and improve the crossmatch of humans with the pig. This review summarizes the current and recent experimental and (pre)clinical data on the Neu5Gc immunogenicity and emphasize of the potential impact of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in limiting xenotransplantation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Joseph Tector
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mathilde Mosser
- Immuno-Endocrinology Unit (IECM), USC1383, Oniris, INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Matthew Tector
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jean-Marie Bach
- Immuno-Endocrinology Unit (IECM), USC1383, Oniris, INRA, Nantes, France
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14
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Yamamoto Y, Hirose N, Kamimura S, Wakayama S, Ito J, Ooga M, Wakayama T. Production of mouse offspring from inactivated spermatozoa using horse PLCζ mRNA. J Reprod Dev 2019; 66:67-73. [PMID: 31852860 PMCID: PMC7040210 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving artificial oocyte activation is essential for assisted reproduction or animal biotechnology that can obtain healthy offspring with a high success rate. Here, we examined whether
intracytoplasmic injection of equine sperm-specific phospholipase C zeta (ePLCζ) mRNA, the PLCζ with the strongest oocyte activation potential in mammals, could improve the mouse oocyte
activation rate and subsequent embryonic development using inactivated spermatozoa. mRNA of mouse PLCζ (mPLCζ) or ePLCζ were injected into mouse oocytes to determine the optimal mRNA
concentration to maximize the oocyte activation rate and developmental rate of parthenogenetic embryos in vitro. Full-term development was examined using NaOH-treated
inactive spermatozoa using the optimal activation method. We found that the most optimal ePLCζ mRNA concentration was 0.1 ng/µl for mouse oocyte activation, which was ten times stronger than
mPLCζ mRNA. The concentration did not affect parthenogenetic embryo development in vitro. Relatively normal blastocysts were obtained with the same developmental rate
(52–53% or 48–51%, respectively) when inactive spermatozoa were injected into activated oocytes using ePLCζ or mPLCζ mRNA injection. However, the birth rate after embryo transfer was
slightly but significantly decreased in oocytes activated by ePLCζ mRNA (24%) compared to mPLCζ mRNA (37%) or strontium treatment (40%) activation. These results suggest that the higher
activation rate does not always correlate the higher birth rate, and some mechanisms might exist in the oocyte activation process that could affect the later developmental stages like
full-term development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunosuke Yamamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Hirose
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamimura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan.,Present: Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sayaka Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ooga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Wakayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan.,Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
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15
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Kumbha R, Hosny N, Matson A, Steinhoff M, Hering BJ, Burlak C. Efficient production of GGTA1 knockout porcine embryos using a modified handmade cloning (HMC) method. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:59-68. [PMID: 31722267 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Handmade cloning is a zona-free nuclear transfer approach and an economical, efficient, and simple micromanipulation-free alternative to dolly based traditional cloning (TC). In this study, based on handmade cloning with minor modifications, an optimized bi-oocyte fusion (BOF) cloning method was established to produce GGTA1 KO porcine embryos using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. The GGTA1 gene is responsible for the generation of Gal epitopes on the surface of porcine cells, triggering hyperacute immune rejection in preclinical porcine-to-human xenotransplantation. The purpose of the present study is to establish an efficient protocol for activation of porcine oocyte cytoplast-fibroblast fused constructs developed to GGTA1 KO blastocysts by the zona-free bi-oocyte fusion cloning method. High percentages of cleavage (90 ± 2.6%) and blastocyst rates (39 ± 4.0%) were achieved upon treatment with demecolcine-assisted oocyte enucleation followed by 6 V alternating current for proper alignment and single-step fusion technique using a single direct current pulse of 1.0 kV/cm for 9 μs duration, compared to the double-step fusion method with combined chemical activation using thimerosal and dithiothreitol. Overall blastocyst rate was higher for oocyte enucleation by demecolcine (0.4 μg/ml) and 45 min incubation (42 ± 1.5%) compared to without demecolcine incubation followed by complete chemical thimerosal/dithiothreitol activation (33 ± 1.1%). The blastocyst rate (39 ± 1.0%) was found to be significantly higher 1 h post-electrofusion, compared to at 0 and 4 h (28 ± 1.5 and 6 ± 1.5%, respectively). Blastocyst development rates for GGTA1 knockout embryos (38 ± 1.76%) were comparable to those obtained with wild-type embryos (41.1 ± 0.67%). In conclusion, we achieved high overall efficiency in production of GGTA1 KO blastocysts by modified HMC protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumbha
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nora Hosny
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suez Canal University Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Anders Matson
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Magie Steinhoff
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bernhard J Hering
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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16
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Noguchi Y, Maeda A, Lo PC, Takakura C, Haneda T, Kodama T, Yoneyama T, Toyama C, Tazuke Y, Okuyama H, Miyagawa S. Human TIGIT on porcine aortic endothelial cells suppresses xenogeneic macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. Immunobiology 2019; 224:605-613. [PMID: 31402149 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The delayed rejection caused by strong cell-mediated innate and adaptive xenogeneic immune responses continues to be a major obstacle. Therefore, suppressing macrophage function could be effective in avoiding this type of rejection. In this study, the suppression of T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) function against macrophage-mediated xenogeneic rejection was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Naïve porcine aortic endothelial cell (PAEC) and PAEC transfectant with TIGIT (PAEC/TIGIT) were co-cultured with M1 macrophages, and the degree of cytotoxicity was determined by a counting beads assay. The anti/pro-inflammatory gene expression was determined by RT-PCR and the phosphorylated SHP-1 in the macrophages after co-culturing with PAEC or PAEC/TIGIT was evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS CD155 was expressed at essentially equal levels on both M1 and M2 macrophages, whereas TIGIT was highly expressed on M2 macrophages but not in M1 macrophages. TIGIT on PAEC significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of M1 macrophages but no significant suppression of phagocytosis was detected. TIGIT also caused a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely TNFα, IL-1β and IL-12 in M1 macrophages. Furthermore, PAEC/TIGIT caused a significant increase in phosphorylated SHP-1 in M1 macrophages compared to PAEC. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that TIGIT suppresses xenogeneic M1 macrophage-induced cytotoxicity, probably at least in part, via the phosphorylation of SHP-1. In addition, the reduced expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely TNFα, IL-1β and IL-12, was observed in M1 macrophages that had been cultured with PAEC/TIGIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Noguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Maeda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Pei-Chi Lo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takakura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Haneda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kodama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Yoneyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiyoshi Toyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Tazuke
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Miyagawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Ladowski J, Martens G, Estrada J, Tector M, Tector J. The desirable donor pig to eliminate all xenoreactive antigens. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12504. [PMID: 30825348 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The humoral barrier has been the limiting factor in moving xenotransplantation towards the clinic. Improvements in somatic cell nuclear transfer and genome editing, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, have made it possible to create pigs with multiple glycan xenoantigen deletions for the purposes of reducing xenoreactive antibody binding to the xenografted organ. Recent studies have also considered the aetiology and existence of antibodies directed at the swine leucocyte antigen (SLA) complex, and potential genetic engineering strategies to avoid these antibodies. Evaluation of xenoreactive antibody binding is very important for the advancement of xenotransplantation, because if patients do not have any detectable xenoreactive antibody, then it is reasonable to expect that cellular rejection and not antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) will be the next hurdle to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ladowski
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Greg Martens
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jose Estrada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Matthew Tector
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joseph Tector
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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18
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Yang H, Wu Z. Genome Editing of Pigs for Agriculture and Biomedicine. Front Genet 2018; 9:360. [PMID: 30233645 PMCID: PMC6131568 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs serve as an important agricultural resource and animal model in biomedical studies. Efficient and precise modification of pig genome by using recently developed gene editing tools has significantly broadened the application of pig models in various research areas. The three types of site-specific nucleases, namely, zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein, are the main gene editing tools that can efficiently introduce predetermined modifications, including knockouts and knockins, into the pig genome. These modifications can confer desired phenotypes to pigs to improve production traits, such as optimal meat production, enhanced feed digestibility, and disease resistance. Besides, given their genetic, anatomic, and physiologic similarities to humans, pigs can also be modified to model human diseases or to serve as an organ source for xenotransplantation to save human lives. To date, many genetically modified pig models with agricultural or biomedical values have been established by using gene editing tools. These pig models are expected to accelerate research progress in related fields and benefit humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Lee JG, Sung YH, Baek IJ. Generation of genetically-engineered animals using engineered endonucleases. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:885-897. [PMID: 29777358 PMCID: PMC6153862 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The key to successful drug discovery and development is to find the most suitable animal model of human diseases for the preclinical studies. The recent emergence of engineered endonucleases is allowing for efficient and precise genome editing, which can be used to develop potentially useful animal models for human diseases. In particular, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat systems are revolutionizing the generation of diverse genetically-engineered experimental animals including mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, and even non-human primates that are commonly used for preclinical studies of the drug discovery. Here, we describe recent advances in engineered endonucleases and their application in various laboratory animals. We also discuss the importance of genome editing in animal models for more closely mimicking human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Geol Lee
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Sung
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medicine, ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medicine, ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Miura K, Matoba S, Ogonuki N, Namiki T, Ito J, Kashiwazaki N, Ogura A. Application of auxin-inducible degron technology to mouse oocyte activation with PLCζ. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:319-326. [PMID: 29731504 PMCID: PMC6105737 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, spermatozoa activate oocytes by triggering a series of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations with phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ), a sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor. Because the introduction of PLCζ alone can induce oocyte activation, it might be a promising reagent for assisted reproductive technologies. To test this possibility, we injected human PLCζ (hPLCζ) mRNA into mouse oocytes at different concentrations. We observed the oocyte activation and subsequent embryonic development. Efficient oocyte activation and embryonic development to the blastocyst stage was achieved only with a limited range of mRNA concentrations (0.1 ng/μl). Higher concentrations of mRNA caused developmental arrest of most embryos, suggesting that excessive PLCζ protein might be harmful at this stage. In a second series of experiments, we aimed to regulate the PLCζ protein concentration in oocytes by applying auxin-inducible degron (AID) technology that allows rapid degradation of the target protein tagged with AID induced by auxin. Injection of the hPLCζ protein tagged with AID and enhanced green fluorescent protein (hPLCζ-AID-EGFP) demonstrated that high EGFP expression levels at the late 1-cell stage were efficiently reduced by auxin treatment, suggesting efficient hPLCζ degradation by this system. Furthermore, the defective development observed with higher concentrations of hPLCζ-AID-EGFP mRNA was rescued following auxin treatment. Full-term offspring were obtained by round spermatid injection with optimized hPLCζ-AID activation. Our results indicate that this AID technology can be applied to regulate the protein levels in mouse oocytes and that our optimized PLCζ system could be used for assisted fertilization in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Miura
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Shogo Matoba
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Narumi Ogonuki
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Takafumi Namiki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Naomi Kashiwazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.,RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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21
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Ogonuki N, Inoue H, Matoba S, Kurotaki YK, Kassai H, Abe Y, Sasaki E, Aiba A, Ogura A. Oocyte-activating capacity of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatids in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus
). Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:376-386. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoko K. Kurotaki
- Department of Marmoset Research; Central Institute for Experimental Animals; Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kassai
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yukiko Abe
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Marmoset Research; Central Institute for Experimental Animals; Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
- Keio Advanced Research Center; Keio University; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- RIKEN BioResource Center; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science; University of Tsukuba; Ibaraki Japan
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22
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Jiaravuthisan P, Maeda A, Takakura C, Wang HT, Sakai R, Shabri AM, Lo PC, Matsuura R, Kodama T, Eguchi H, Okuyama H, Miyagawa S. A membrane-type surfactant protein D (SP-D) suppresses macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity in swine endothelial cells. Transpl Immunol 2018; 47:44-48. [PMID: 29425774 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surfactant protein D (SP-D), which is secreted mainly in the lung, is an oligometric C type lectin that promotes phagocytosis by binding to carbohydrates on microbial surfaces. SP-D can also bind SIRPα, leading to a decrease in cytokine production by monocytes/macrophages. In the present study, we examined the possibility that SP-D suppresses macrophage-mediated xenogeneic cytotoxicity, by creating a membrane-type SP-D. METHODS The cDNA for the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human SP-D was switched to that of a membrane-type protein, collectin placenta 1 (CL-P1), with a Flag-tag. The cDNA of CD47 was prepared as a control. The suppressive function of the membrane-type protein of the hybrid molecule, CL-SP-D, to monocytes/macrophages was then studied and the results compared with that for CD47. RESULTS The expression of Flag-tagged CL-SP-D on the transfected SECs and the SIRPα on monocyte-like cells, THP-1 cells, was confirmed by FACS using anti-Flag Ab and anti-CD172a, respectively. The molecular size of the hybrid protein was next assessed by western blot. While significant cytotoxicity against SEC was induced in differentiated THP-1 cells, CL-SP-D significantly reduced THP-1-mediated cytotoxicity. In addition, phosphorylated SHP-1 was clearly detected in SEC/CL-SP-D in western blots. Moreover, IL-10 production was upregulated and IL-1β production was suppressed in the case of THP-1 and SEC/CL-SP-D, compared with naïve SEC. Next, the cytotoxicity caused by the in vitro generated macrophage was assessed under the same conditions as were used for THP-1. CL-SP-D also showed the significant down-regulation on the macrophage. In addition, changes in IL-10 production by the macrophage confirmed the results. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the membrane-type SP-D serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for inhibiting macrophage-mediated xenograft rejection in xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patmika Jiaravuthisan
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takakura
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Han-Tang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rieko Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Afifah Mohd Shabri
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pei-Chi Lo
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rei Matsuura
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kodama
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Miyagawa
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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23
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Use of gene-editing technology to introduce targeted modifications in pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:5. [PMID: 29423214 PMCID: PMC5787920 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are an important resource in agriculture and serve as a model for human diseases. Due to their physiological and anatomical similarities with humans, pigs can recapitulate symptoms of human diseases, making them a useful model in biomedicine. However, in the past pig models have not been widely used partially because of the difficulty in genetic modification. The lack of true embryonic stem cells in pigs forced researchers to utilize genetic modification in somatic cells and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to generate genetically engineered (GE) pigs carrying site-specific modifications. Although possible, this approach is extremely inefficient and GE pigs born through this method often presented developmental defects associated with the cloning process. Advancement in the gene-editing systems such as Zinc-Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system have dramatically increased the efficiency of producing GE pigs. These gene-editing systems, specifically engineered endonucleases, are based on inducing double-stranded breaks (DSBs) at a specific location, and then site-specific modifications can be introduced through one of the two DNA repair pathways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology direct repair (HDR). Random insertions or deletions (indels) can be introduced through NHEJ and specific nucleotide sequences can be introduced through HDR, if donor DNA is provided. Use of these engineered endonucleases provides a higher success in genetic modifications, multiallelic modification of the genome, and an opportunity to introduce site-specific modifications during embryogenesis, thus bypassing the need of SCNT in GE pig production. This review will provide a historical prospective of GE pig production and examples of how the gene-editing system, led by engineered endonucleases, have improved GE pig production. We will also present some of our current progress related to the optimal use of CRISPR/Cas9 system during embryogenesis.
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24
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CRISPR editing in biological and biomedical investigation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3875-3891. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Sakai R, Maeda A, Choi TV, Lo PC, Jiaravuthisan P, Shabri AM, Wang HT, Matsuura R, Kodama T, Eguchi H, Okuyama H, Miyagawa S. Human CD200 suppresses macrophage-mediated xenogeneic cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. Surg Today 2017; 48:119-126. [PMID: 28573328 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-017-1546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Various strategies, such as the generation of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase knocked-out pigs and CD55 transgenic pigs, have been investigated to inhibit pig to human xenogeneic rejection. Our aim is to develop strategies to overcome the hurdle of not only hyper acute rejection, but also that of cellular xenogeneic rejection (CXR). Although macrophages have been well known to play a critical role in CXR, monocyte/macrophage-mediated xenogeneic rejection has not been well studied. In this study, we evaluated the effect of CD200 in xenogeneic rejection by macrophages. METHODS Naïve swine endothelial cells (SEC) and SEC/CD200 were co-cultured with M0 macrophages and the cytotoxicity was measured by a WST-8 assay. The phagocytosis of SEC and SEC/CD200 by macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS While CD200 failed to suppress a significant amount of cytotoxicity against SEC by monocytes, M0 macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly suppressed by human CD200. The phagocytosis by M0 macrophages was also tested. The phagocytosis assay revealed that human CD200 suppresses M0 macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that human CD200 suppresses the xenogeneic rejection by CD200R+ macrophages and that the generation of hCD200 transgenic pigs for use in xenografts is very attractive for preventing the macrophage-mediated rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Sakai
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Maeda
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Thuy-Vy Choi
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Pei-Chi Lo
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Patmika Jiaravuthisan
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Afifah Mod Shabri
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Han-Tang Wang
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rei Matsuura
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kodama
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Eguchi
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Miyagawa
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Salama A, Mosser M, Lévêque X, Perota A, Judor JP, Danna C, Pogu S, Mouré A, Jégou D, Gaide N, Abadie J, Gauthier O, Concordet JP, Le Bas-Bernardet S, Riochet D, Le Berre L, Hervouet J, Minault D, Weiss P, Guicheux J, Brouard S, Bosch S, Lagutina I, Duchi R, Lazzari G, Cozzi E, Blancho G, Conchon S, Galli C, Soulillou JP, Bach JM. Neu5Gc and α1-3 GAL Xenoantigen Knockout Does Not Affect Glycemia Homeostasis and Insulin Secretion in Pigs. Diabetes 2017; 66:987-993. [PMID: 28082457 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Xenocell therapy from neonate or adult pig pancreatic islets is one of the most promising alternatives to allograft in type 1 diabetes for addressing organ shortage. In humans, however, natural and elicited antibodies specific for pig xenoantigens, α-(1,3)-galactose (GAL) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), are likely to significantly contribute to xenoislet rejection. We obtained double-knockout (DKO) pigs lacking GAL and Neu5Gc. Because Neu5Gc-/- mice exhibit glycemic dysregulations and pancreatic β-cell dysfunctions, we evaluated islet function and glucose metabolism regulation in DKO pigs. Isolation of islets from neonate piglets yielded identical islet equivalent quantities to quantities obtained from control wild-type pigs. In contrast to wild-type islets, DKO islets did not induce anti-Neu5Gc antibody when grafted in cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase KO mice and exhibited in vitro normal insulin secretion stimulated by glucose and theophylline. Adult DKO pancreata showed no histological abnormalities, and immunostaining of insulin and glucagon was similar to that from wild-type pancreata. Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, the insulin-to-glucagon ratio, and HOMA-insulin resistance in fasted adult DKO pigs and blood glucose and C-peptide changes after intravenous glucose or insulin administration were similar to wild-type pigs. This first evaluation of glucose homeostasis in DKO pigs for two major xenoantigens paves the way to their use in (pre)clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline Salama
- IECM, Immuno-endocrinology, EA4644 Oniris, University of Nantes, USC1383 INRA, Oniris, Nantes, France
- Société d'Accélération du Transfert de Technologies Ouest Valorisation, Rennes, France
- INSERM CRTI UMR 1064, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institute of Transplantation, Urology and Nephrology (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Mosser
- IECM, Immuno-endocrinology, EA4644 Oniris, University of Nantes, USC1383 INRA, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Lévêque
- IECM, Immuno-endocrinology, EA4644 Oniris, University of Nantes, USC1383 INRA, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Andrea Perota
- Avantea Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Cremona, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Judor
- INSERM CRTI UMR 1064, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institute of Transplantation, Urology and Nephrology (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Corentin Danna
- IECM, Immuno-endocrinology, EA4644 Oniris, University of Nantes, USC1383 INRA, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Pogu
- IECM, Immuno-endocrinology, EA4644 Oniris, University of Nantes, USC1383 INRA, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Mouré
- IECM, Immuno-endocrinology, EA4644 Oniris, University of Nantes, USC1383 INRA, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Jégou
- IECM, Immuno-endocrinology, EA4644 Oniris, University of Nantes, USC1383 INRA, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Gaide
- Animal cancers as Models for Research in comparative Oncology (AMaROC), Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- Animal cancers as Models for Research in comparative Oncology (AMaROC), Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Gauthier
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Center for Research and Preclinical Investigation, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7196, Paris, France
- INSERM U1154, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Le Bas-Bernardet
- INSERM CRTI UMR 1064, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institute of Transplantation, Urology and Nephrology (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - David Riochet
- INSERM CRTI UMR 1064, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institute of Transplantation, Urology and Nephrology (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Ludmilla Le Berre
- INSERM CRTI UMR 1064, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institute of Transplantation, Urology and Nephrology (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jérémy Hervouet
- INSERM CRTI UMR 1064, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institute of Transplantation, Urology and Nephrology (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - David Minault
- INSERM CRTI UMR 1064, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institute of Transplantation, Urology and Nephrology (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Nantes, France; University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), Nantes, France; University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- INSERM CRTI UMR 1064, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institute of Transplantation, Urology and Nephrology (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre d'investigation clinique (CIC) Biotherapy, Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Steffi Bosch
- IECM, Immuno-endocrinology, EA4644 Oniris, University of Nantes, USC1383 INRA, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Irina Lagutina
- Avantea Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Cremona, Italy
| | - Roberto Duchi
- Avantea Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Cremona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lazzari
- Avantea Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Cremona, Italy
- Avantea Foundation, Cremona, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzi
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, University of Padua-Ospedale Giustinianeo, Padua, Italy
- CORIT (Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation), Padua, Italy
| | - Gilles Blancho
- INSERM CRTI UMR 1064, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institute of Transplantation, Urology and Nephrology (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre d'investigation clinique (CIC) Biotherapy, Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Conchon
- INSERM CRTI UMR 1064, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institute of Transplantation, Urology and Nephrology (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital-CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Cremona, Italy
- Avantea Foundation, Cremona, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Marie Bach
- IECM, Immuno-endocrinology, EA4644 Oniris, University of Nantes, USC1383 INRA, Oniris, Nantes, France
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27
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Sakai R, Kitano E, Maeda A, Lo PC, Eguchi H, Watanabe M, Nagashima H, Okuyama H, Miyagawa S. Studies of innate immune systems against human cells. Transpl Immunol 2017; 40:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Pigs are important livestock for food and have been used in various biomedical studies, particularly translational research, as experimental animals because of their anatomical and physiological similarity to humans. The recent development of genome editing techniques, such as ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas9, has rapidly expanded the use of genome editing tools in a variety of animals, resulting in the relatively easy and efficient generation of gene knock-out pigs. In the past few years, there has been a sustained increase in reports describing the development of genetically modified pigs. This chapter introduces our workflow for establishing the genetically modified cells (nuclear donor cells) necessary to create gene knock-out pigs using somatic cell nuclear transfer and focuses on the actual generation of gene knock-out pigs using a cytoplasmic injection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan.,Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan. .,Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan.
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29
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Kurome M, Leuchs S, Kessler B, Kemter E, Jemiller EM, Foerster B, Klymiuk N, Zakhartchenko V, Wolf E. Direct introduction of gene constructs into the pronucleus-like structure of cloned embryos: a new strategy for the generation of genetically modified pigs. Transgenic Res 2016; 26:309-318. [PMID: 27943082 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-0004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to a rising demand of porcine models with complex genetic modifications for biomedical research, the approaches for their generation need to be adapted. In this study we describe the direct introduction of a gene construct into the pronucleus (PN)-like structure of cloned embryos as a novel strategy for the generation of genetically modified pigs, termed "nuclear injection". To evaluate the reliability of this new strategy, the developmental ability of embryos in vitro and in vivo as well as the integration and expression efficiency of a transgene carrying green fluorescence protein (GFP) were examined. Eighty percent of the cloned pig embryos (633/787) exhibited a PN-like structure, which met the prerequisite to technically perform the new method. GFP fluorescence was observed in about half of the total blastocysts (21/40, 52.5%), which was comparable to classical zygote PN injection (28/41, 68.3%). In total, 478 cloned embryos injected with the GFP construct were transferred into 4 recipients and from one recipient 4 fetuses (day 68) were collected. In one of the fetuses which showed normal development, the integration of the transgene was confirmed by PCR in different tissues and organs from all three primary germ layers and placenta. The integration pattern of the transgene was mosaic (48 out of 84 single-cell colonies established from a kidney were positive for GFP DNA by PCR). Direct GFP fluorescence was observed macro- and microscopically in the fetus. Our novel strategy could be useful particularly for the generation of pigs with complex genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Kurome
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Simon Leuchs
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jemiller
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Beatrix Foerster
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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30
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Gao H, Zhao C, Xiang X, Li Y, Zhao Y, Li Z, Pan D, Dai Y, Hara H, Cooper DKC, Cai Z, Mou L. Production of α1,3-galactosyltransferase and cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene double-deficient pigs by CRISPR/Cas9 and handmade cloning. J Reprod Dev 2016; 63:17-26. [PMID: 27725344 PMCID: PMC5320426 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-knockout pigs hold great promise as a solution to the shortage of organs from donor animals for xenotransplantation. Several groups have generated
gene-knockout pigs via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Herein, we adopted a simple and micromanipulator-free method, handmade cloning (HMC) instead of SCNT, to generate double gene-knockout pigs. First, we applied
the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) and cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) genes simultaneously
in porcine fetal fibroblast cells (PFFs), which were derived from wild-type Chinese domestic miniature Wuzhishan pigs. Cell colonies were obtained by screening
and were identified by Surveyor assay and sequencing. Next, we chose the GGTA1/CMAH double-knockout (DKO) cells for HMC to produce piglets. As
a result, we obtained 11 live bi-allelic GGTA1/CMAH DKO piglets with the identical phenotype. Compared to cells from
GGTA1-knockout pigs, human antibody binding and antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity were significantly reduced in cells from
GGTA1/CMAH DKO pigs, which demonstrated that our pigs would exhibit reduced humoral rejection in xenotransplantation. These data suggested
that the combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and HMC technology provided an efficient and new strategy for producing pigs with multiple genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Gao
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
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