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Biologia futura: combinatorial stress responses in fungi. Biol Futur 2022; 73:207-217. [DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the ever-changing fungal environment, fungi have to cope with a wide array of very different stresses. These stresses frequently act in combination rather than independently, i.e., they quickly follow one another or occur concomitantly. Combinatorial stress response studies revealed that the response of fungi to a stressor is highly dependent on the simultaneous action of other stressors or even on earlier stresses to which the fungi adapted. Several important phenomena were discovered, such as stress pathway interference, acquired stress tolerance, stress response memory or stress cross-protection/sensitization, which cannot be interpreted when we study the consequences of a single stressor alone. Due to the interactions between stressors and stress responses, a stress response that develops under a combined stress is not the simple summation of stress responses observed during single stress treatments. Based on the knowledge collected from single stress treatment experiments, we cannot predict how fungi will respond to a certain combination of stresses or even whether this combination will be more harmful than single stress treatments. This uncertainty warns us that if we want to understand how fungi adapt to a certain habitat (e.g., to the human body) to find a point of weakness in this adaptation, we must understand how the fungi cope with combinations of stresses, rather than with single stressors.
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Impact of the Inoculation Method of Geotrichum candidum, Used as Biocontrol Agent, on T-2 Toxin Produced by Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae during the Malting Process. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040239. [PMID: 35448848 PMCID: PMC9026884 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In malt production, steeping and germination steps offer favorable environmental conditions for fungal proliferation when barley is already contaminated by Fusarium species, T-2 toxin producers. However, the use of G. candidum as a biocontrol agent can prevent this proliferation. Indeed, in previous work, a correlation between phenyllactic acid (PLA) production by G. candidum and the reduction in Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae growth and T-2 toxin concentration was demonstrated. In the present study, to improve the efficiency of G. candidum, the effects of the inoculum concentration and the inoculation method of G. candidum on PLA and T-2 toxin concentrations were evaluated. First, co-culture experiments with Fusarium species and G. candidum were conducted in a liquid synthetic medium. The results showed that inoculation of G. candidum in the freeze-dried form at 0.4 g/L allowed the production of PLA from the second day of incubation associated with a reduction in T-2 toxin concentration of 82% and 69% produced by F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae, respectively. Moreover, the activated form of G. candidum at 0.4 g/L enhanced PLA concentration leading to better T-2 toxin reduction. Second, experiments were conducted on artificially infected barley kernels with both Fusarium species under conditions mimicking the malting step. As for co-culture experiments, the use of the activated form of G. candidum was established as the best condition for T-2 toxin concentration reduction for a 3 day malting period.
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Liu L, Sanchez-Arcos C, Pohnert G, Wei D. Untargeted Metabolomics Unveil Changes in Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Galdieria sulphuraria Exposed to High-Light Intensity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031247. [PMID: 33513853 PMCID: PMC7865508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermoacidophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria has been optimizing a photosynthetic system for low-light conditions over billions of years, thriving in hot and acidic endolithic habitats. The growth of G. sulphuraria in the laboratory is very much dependent on light and substrate supply. Here, higher cell densities in G. sulphuraria under high-light conditions were obtained, although reductions in photosynthetic pigments were observed, which indicated this alga might be able to relieve the effects caused by photoinhibition. We further describe an extensive untargeted metabolomics study to reveal metabolic changes in autotrophic and mixotrophic G. sulphuraria grown under high and low light intensities. The up-modulation of bilayer lipids, that help generate better-ordered lipid domains (e.g., ergosterol) and keep optimal membrane thickness and fluidity, were observed under high-light exposure. Moreover, high-light conditions induced changes in amino acids, amines, and amide metabolism. Compared with the autotrophic algae, higher accumulations of osmoprotectant sugars and sugar alcohols were recorded in the mixotrophic G. sulphuraria. This response can be interpreted as a measure to cope with stress due to the high concentration of organic carbon sources. Our results indicate how G. sulphuraria can modulate its metabolome to maintain energetic balance and minimize harmful effects under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Rd. 381, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Arcos
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Rd. 381, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8711-3849
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Antal K, Gila BC, Pócsi I, Emri T. General stress response or adaptation to rapid growth in Aspergillus nidulans? Fungal Biol 2019; 124:376-386. [PMID: 32389300 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide transcriptional changes in Aspergillus nidulans induced by nine different stress conditions were evaluated to reveal the general environmental stress response gene set showing unidirectional expressional changes under various types of stress. Clustering the genes by their transcriptional changes was a useful technique for identifying large groups of co-regulated genes. Altogether, 1642 co-upregulated and 3916 co-downregulated genes were identified. Nevertheless, the co-regulated genes describe the difference between the transcriptomes recorded under the stress conditions tested and one chosen reference culture condition which is designated as the "unstressed" condition. Obviously, the corresponding transcriptional differences may be attributed to either the general stress response or the reference condition. Accordingly, reduced growth and increased transcription of certain antioxidative enzymes observed under stress may be interpreted as elements of the general stress response or as a feature of the "optimal growth" reference condition and decreased antioxidative protection due to "rapid growth" stress. Reversing the many to one comparison underlying the identification of co-regulated gene sets allows the same procedure to highlight changes under a single condition with respect to a set of other "background" conditions. As an example, we compared menadione treatment to our other conditions and identified downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum dependent processes and upregulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly as well as glutathione-S-transferase genes as changes characteristic of MSB-treated cultures. Deletion of the atfA gene markedly altered the co-regulated gene sets primarily by changing the reference transcriptome; not by changing the stress responsiveness of genes. The functional characterization of AtfA-dependent co-regulated genes demonstrated the involvement of AtfA in the regulation of both vegetative growth and conidiogenesis in untreated cultures. Our data also suggested that the diverse effects of atfA gene deletion on the transcriptome under different stress conditions were the consequence of the altered transcription of several phosphorelay signal transduction system genes, including fphA, nikA, phkA, srrB, srrC, sskA and tcsB. Hopefully, this study will draw further attention to the importance of the proper selection of reference cultures in fungal transcriptomics studies especially when elements of specific stress responses are mapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Antal
- Department of Zoology, Eszterházy Károly University, Eszterházy tér 1, Eger, 3300, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Cs Gila
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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Li C, Ma Y, Mi Z, Huo R, Zhou T, Hai H, Kwok LY, Sun Z, Chen Y, Zhang H. Screening for Lactobacillus plantarum Strains That Possess Organophosphorus Pesticide-Degrading Activity and Metabolomic Analysis of Phorate Degradation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2048. [PMID: 30233531 PMCID: PMC6130228 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work performed a large scale assessment for organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) degradation activity of 121 Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum strains. Six L. plantarum strains (P9, IMAU80110, IMAU40100, IMAU10585, IMAU10209, and IMAU80070) were found to possess high capacity of degrading three commonly used OPPs, namely dimethoate, phorate, and omethoate; and they were selected for more detailed characterization. Moreover, the three OPPs were mainly detected in the culture supernatants but not in the cell extracts, further confirming that the OPPs were degraded rather than absorbed by the cells. Among the six selected strains, P9 was most tolerant to gastrointestinal juices and bile. We thus used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electron spray ionization coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF/MS) to generate the metabolomic profiles of the strain P9 growing in MRS medium with and without containing phorate. By using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, we identified some potential phorate-derived degradative products. This work has identified novel lactic acid bacteria resources for application in pesticide degradation. Our results also shed light on the phorate degradation mechanism by L. plantarum P9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Yuzhu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Zhihui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Rui Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Huricha Hai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Lai-yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Yongfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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Adetunji CO, Oloke JK, Osemwegie OO. Environmental fate and effects of granular pesta formulation from strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa C1501 and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae C1136 on soil activity and weeds. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:98-107. [PMID: 29258010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of variably formulated pesta granules containing wild and UV mutated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae on the rate of CO2 evolution, organic carbon content, enzymatic activity (acidic and alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenases, urease and protease) and representative soil microorganisms in the soils using different assay techniques. After the 35th day period of experiment, the pesta granule formulation BH4 showed the best evolution of CO2 (824 ± 6.2 mg CO2 kg-1 soil hr-1) as against control treatment (689 ± 3.7 mg CO2 kg-1 soil hr-1). Enzymes activities, organic carbon content of 3.8% on the 15th day of study and stable representation of microorganisms that include actinomycetes, fungi, heterogenous as well as soil nitrogen-mediatory bacteria were equally at their maximum level BH4 treatments. The phytotoxic assay showed no inhibitory effect on Solanum lycopersicum seeds and seedlings compared to the observed growth inhibition on the tested weeds (Amaranthus hybridus and Echinocholoa crus-galli) which corresponds with positive control glyphosate treatment. The glyphosate treated soil had the least critical results on parameters investigated during the study. The order of bioherbicidal activity is BH4>BH2>BH6>BH3>BH1>BH5>positive control. Results from this study confirmed the target efficacy of variably formulated pesta granules which is sustainable, cheap, ecologically suitable and recent. This is in addition to recognizing the microbial-derived formulations as characteristically potent alternative to chemical herbicides utility in agrosystems practice. Further study of the underlining factor responsible for the bioherbicidal performances of the variably formulated pesta granules and field trials are critical for their future commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria.
| | - Julius Kola Oloke
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Osarenkhoe Omorefosa Osemwegie
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
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Pérez-Morales D, Hernández KDR, Martínez I, Agredano-Moreno LT, Jiménez-García LF, Espinoza B. Ultrastructural and physiological changes induced by different stress conditions on the human parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:15-27. [PMID: 27714535 PMCID: PMC5225055 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease. The life cycle of this protozoan parasite is digenetic because it alternates its different developmental forms through two hosts, a vector insect and a vertebrate host. As a result, the parasites are exposed to sudden and drastic environmental changes causing cellular stress. The stress response to some types of stress has been studied in T. cruzi, mainly at the molecular level; however, data about ultrastructure and physiological state of the cells in stress conditions are scarce or null. In this work, we analyzed the morphological, ultrastructural, and physiological changes produced on T. cruzi epimastigotes when they were exposed to acid, nutritional, heat, and oxidative stress. Clear morphological changes were observed, but the physiological conditions varied depending on the type of stress. The maintenance of the physiological state was severely affected by heat shock, acidic, nutritional, and oxidative stress. According to the surprising observed growth recovery after damage by stress alterations, different adaptations from the parasite to these harsh conditions were suggested. Particular cellular death pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyanira Pérez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Estudios sobre Tripanosomiasis. Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karla Daniela Rodríguez Hernández
- Laboratorio de Estudios sobre Tripanosomiasis. Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ignacio Martínez
- Laboratorio de Estudios sobre Tripanosomiasis. Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lourdes Teresa Agredano-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228, C.P. 04510, México, D.F., México
| | - Luis Felipe Jiménez-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228, C.P. 04510, México, D.F., México
| | - Bertha Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Estudios sobre Tripanosomiasis. Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Tian C. bZIP transcription factor CgAP1 is essential for oxidative stress tolerance and full virulence of the poplar anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 95:58-66. [PMID: 27544415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yeast AP1 transcription factor is a regulator of oxidative stress response. Here, we report the identification and characterization of CgAP1, an ortholog of YAP1 in poplar anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The expression of CgAP1 was highly induced by reactive oxygen species. CgAP1 deletion mutants displayed enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress compared with the wild-type strain, and their poplar leaf virulence was obviously reduced. However, the mutants exhibited no obvious defects in aerial hyphal growth, conidia production, and appressoria formation. CgAP1::eGFP fusion protein localized to the nucleus after TBH (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide) treatment, suggesting that CgAP1 functions as a redox sensor in C. gloeosporioides. In addition, CgAP1 prevented the accumulation of ROS during early stages of biotrophic growth. CgAP1 also acted as a positive regulator of several ROS-related genes (i.e., Glr1, Hyr1, and Cyt1) involved in the antioxidative response. These results highlight the key regulatory role of CgAP1 transcription factor in oxidative stress response and provide insights into the function of ROS detoxification in virulence of C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Sun
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Quinteros MA, Cano Aristizábal V, Dalmasso PR, Paraje MG, Páez PL. Oxidative stress generation of silver nanoparticles in three bacterial genera and its relationship with the antimicrobial activity. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 36:216-223. [PMID: 27530963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a condition caused by the high intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that includes superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Nanoparticles could cause rapid generation of free radicals by redox reactions. ROS can react directly with membrane lipids, proteins and DNA and are normally scavenged by antioxidants that are capable of neutralizing; however, elevated concentrations of ROS in bacterial cells can result in oxidative stress. The aim of this work was contribute to the knowledge of action mechanism of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and their relation to the generation of oxidative stress in bacteria. We demonstrated that Ag-NPs generated oxidative stress in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediated by the increment of ROS and this increase correlated with a better antimicrobial activity. On the other hand, we showed that the oxidative stress caused by the Ag-NPs biosynthesized was associated to a variation in the level of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI). Oxidative stress in bacteria can result from disruption of the electronic transport chain due to the high affinity of Ag-NPs for the cell membrane. This imbalance in the oxidative stress was evidentiated by a macromolecular oxidation at level of DNA, lipids and proteins in E. coli exposed to Ag-NPs. The formation of ROS and RNI by Ag-NPs may also be considered to explain the bacterial death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Quinteros
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Dto. Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - V Cano Aristizábal
- Dto. Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P R Dalmasso
- CITSE, INBIONATEC, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, RN 9, Km 1125, 4206 Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - M G Paraje
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P L Páez
- Dto. Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Unidad de Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Kumar V, Kaur S, Singh S, Upadhyay N. Unexpected formation of N'-phenyl-thiophosphorohydrazidic acid O,S-dimethyl ester from acephate: chemical, biotechnical and computational study. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:1. [PMID: 28330071 PMCID: PMC4689696 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
By the nucleophilic attack of phenylhydrazine on acephate in aqueous medium, a stable product N′-phenyl-thiophosphorohydrazidic acid O,S-dimethyl ester (1) was obtained and characterized by elemental, spectral and thermal analysis. Thermodynamic parameters, Ea, ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°, have found to be 62.15, −67.95, −0.068 and −20.05 kJ mol−1 according to the Coats–Redfern equation. Analysis of interaction of 1 with BSA protein was done by using the UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopic methods. The observed binding constants was 1.12 (±0.09) × 104 M−1. The biological effect of 1 was checked on different plant growth-promoting (PGPR) strains such as Rhizobiumleguminosarum, Pseudomonasfluorescens, Arthrobactercitreus, Bacillusbrevis and Salmonellatyphimurium and compared with parent molecule acephate where 1 has shown less toxicity against PGPRs as compared to acephate. The experimental results for geometric parameters and values of peak position in IR spectra have found to match excellently with the computational studies performed by GAMESS software package. Theoretically, twelve new analogs of 1 were prepared and their comparative reactivity (HOMO–LUMO energy) and biodecomposition (on the basis of polarizability) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
- Regional Pesticides Testing Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Sukhmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Niraj Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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12
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You MJ, Shin GW, Lee CS. Clostridium tertium bacteremia in a patient with glyphosate ingestion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2015; 16:4-7. [PMID: 25577783 PMCID: PMC4289481 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.891287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium tertium is distributed in the soil and in animal and human gastrointestinal tracts. C. tertium has been isolated from patients with blood diseases, immune disorders, and abdominal surgeries. Glyphosate is toxic, causing cause eye and skin irritation, gastrointestinal pain, and vomiting. Ingestion of herbicides modifies the gastrointestinal environment, which stresses the living organisms. However, there has been little attention to cases of bacteremia in patients recovering from suicide attempt by ingesting herbicide. CASE REPORT Clostridium tertium was identified in a 44-year-old female who attempted suicide by glyphosate (a herbicide) ingestion. The 16S rRNA sequences from all colonies were 99% identical with that of C. tertium (AB618789) found on a BLAST search of the NCBI database. The bacterium was cultured on TSA under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests performed under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions showed that the bacterium was susceptible to penicillin, a combination of β-lactamase inhibitor and piperacillin or amoxicillin, and first- and second- generation cephalosporins. However, it was resistant to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS Glyphosate herbicide might be a predisposing factor responsible for the pathogenesis of C. tertium. The results highlight the need for careful diagnosis and selection of antibiotics in the treatment of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jo You
- Bio-safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee-Wook Shin
- Bio-safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seop Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Shehata AA, Kühnert M, Haufe S, Krüger M. Neutralization of the antimicrobial effect of glyphosate by humic acid in vitro. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 104:258-61. [PMID: 24268342 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the neutralization ability of the antimicrobial effect of glyphosate by different humic acids was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of glyphosate for different bacteria such as Bacillus badius, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Escherichia coli, E. coli 1917 strain Nissle, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium were determined in the presence or absence of different concentrations of humic acid (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg mL(-1)). Our findings indicated that humic acids inhibited the antimicrobial effect of glyphosate on different bacteria. This information can help overcome the negative impact of glyphosate residues in feed and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad A Shehata
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agronomy at the University Leipzig, Gustav-Kuhn Straße 8, 04159 Leipzig, Germany; Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Egypt.
| | - Manfred Kühnert
- WHPharmawerk Weinböhla GmbH, Poststr. 58, 01689 Weinböhla, Germany
| | - Svent Haufe
- WHPharmawerk Weinböhla GmbH, Poststr. 58, 01689 Weinböhla, Germany
| | - Monika Krüger
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Global Analysis of the Genes Involved in the Thermotolerance Mechanism of ThermotolerantAcetobacter tropicalisSKU1100. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:1921-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Modulation in fatty acid composition influences salinity stress tolerance in Frankia strains. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Shehata AA, Schrödl W, Aldin AA, Hafez HM, Krüger M. The effect of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. Curr Microbiol 2013; 66:350-8. [PMID: 23224412 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of glyphosate modifies the environment which stresses the living microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the real impact of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. The presented results evidence that the highly pathogenic bacteria as Salmonella Entritidis, Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Typhimurium, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum are highly resistant to glyphosate. However, most of beneficial bacteria as Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus badius, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus spp. were found to be moderate to highly susceptible. Also Campylobacter spp. were found to be susceptible to glyphosate. A reduction of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract microbiota by ingestion of glyphosate could disturb the normal gut bacterial community. Also, the toxicity of glyphosate to the most prevalent Enterococcus spp. could be a significant predisposing factor that is associated with the increase in C. botulinum-mediated diseases by suppressing the antagonistic effect of these bacteria on clostridia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad A Shehata
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Chung KR. Stress Response and Pathogenicity of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Alternaria alternata. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:635431. [PMID: 24278721 PMCID: PMC3820455 DOI: 10.6064/2012/635431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The production of host-selective toxins by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria alternata is essential for the pathogenesis. A. alternata infection in citrus leaves induces rapid lipid peroxidation, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and cell death. The mechanisms by which A. alternata avoids killing by reactive oxygen species (ROS) after invasion have begun to be elucidated. The ability to coordinate of signaling pathways is essential for the detoxification of cellular stresses induced by ROS and for pathogenicity in A. alternata. A low level of H2O2, produced by the NADPH oxidase (NOX) complex, modulates ROS resistance and triggers conidiation partially via regulating the redox-responsive regulators (YAP1 and SKN7) and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (HOG1) mediated pathways, which subsequently regulate the genes required for the biosynthesis of siderophore, an iron-chelating compound. Siderophore-mediated iron acquisition plays a key role in ROS detoxification because of the requirement of iron for the activities of antioxidants (e.g., catalase and SOD). Fungal strains impaired for the ROS-detoxifying system severely reduce the virulence on susceptible citrus cultivars. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of signaling pathways associated with cellular responses to multidrugs, oxidative and osmotic stress, and fungicides, as well as the pathogenicity/virulence in the tangerine pathotype of A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Ren Chung
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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18
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Srivastava A, Singh SS, Mishra AK. Sodium transport and mechanism(s) of sodium tolerance inFrankiastrains. J Basic Microbiol 2012; 53:163-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Srivastava
- Laboratory of Microbial genetics, Department of Botany; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi; India
| | - Satya Shila Singh
- Laboratory of Microbial genetics, Department of Botany; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi; India
| | - Arun Kumar Mishra
- Laboratory of Microbial genetics, Department of Botany; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi; India
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19
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Clair E, Linn L, Travert C, Amiel C, Séralini GE, Panoff JM. Effects of Roundup(®) and glyphosate on three food microorganisms: Geotrichum candidum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Curr Microbiol 2012; 64:486-91. [PMID: 22362186 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Use of many pesticide products poses the problem of their effects on environment and health. Amongst them, the effects of glyphosate with its adjuvants and its by-products are regularly discussed. The aim of the present study was to shed light on the real impact on biodiversity and ecosystems of Roundup(®), a major herbicide used worldwide, and the glyphosate it contains, by the study of their effects on growth and viability of microbial models, namely, on three food microorganisms (Geotrichum candidum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) widely used as starters in traditional and industrial dairy technologies. The presented results evidence that Roundup(®) has an inhibitory effect on microbial growth and a microbicide effect at lower concentrations than those recommended in agriculture. Interestingly, glyphosate at these levels has no significant effect on the three studied microorganisms. Our work is consistent with previous studies which demonstrated that the toxic effect of glyphosate was amplified by its formulation adjuvants on different human cells and other eukaryotic models. Moreover, these results should be considered in the understanding of the loss of microbiodiversity and microbial concentration observed in raw milk for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Clair
- OERECA Laboratory, EA2608, IFR 146 ICORE, Institute of Biology, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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Ševců A, El-Temsah YS, Joner EJ, Černík M. Oxidative Stress Induced in Microorganisms by Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles. Microbes Environ 2011; 26:271-81. [DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me11126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Ševců
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations, Technical University of Liberec
| | | | | | - Miroslav Černík
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations, Technical University of Liberec
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Relationship between growth behaviour, micro and macroscopic morphologies and freezing sensitivity of the ripening starter Geotrichum candidum is strain specific and mostly related to the morphotypes: the arthrospores/hyphae parameter. J DAIRY RES 2010; 77:425-31. [PMID: 20831843 DOI: 10.1017/s002202991000066x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic conformation, growth behaviour and freezing sensitivity of seven strains of Geotrichum candidum, a ripening starter, were studied and compared according to their macroscopic morphotypes. It has been shown that the thallus forming units (TFU)×ml-1/OD600nm ratio as a function of time is an interesting parameter to follow G. candidum sporulation through the growth behaviour. Microscopic conformation, growth behaviour and freezing sensitivity are clearly strain specific and mostly related to their corresponding morphotypes "yeast", "mould" or "intermediate". The two "mould" strains that sporulate weakly (UCMA103, UCMA499) showed a low survival rate to freezing stress whereas the "yeast" strains expressed a significant resistance owing to the arthrospore abundance. Interestingly, one strain (UCMA96) which appeared on solid medium in accord with the "mould" morphotype respond similarly to freezing stress.
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Removal of polychlorinated dioxins by semi-aerobic fed-batch composting with biostimulation of “Dehalococcoides”. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 109:249-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ohmori K, Ehira S, Kimura S, Ohmori M. Changes in the Amount of Cellular Trehalose, the Activity of Maltooligosyl Trehalose Hydrolase, and the Expression of Its Gene in Response to Salt Stress in the Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. Microbes Environ 2009; 24:52-6. [DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me08537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Ohmori
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Showa Women's University
| | - Shigeki Ehira
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Saitama University
| | - Satoshi Kimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Saitama University
| | - Masayuki Ohmori
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Saitama University
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University
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