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Fu Q, Gao Q, Jiao S, Da F, Guo J, Liu Y, Liu J. Adipose-derived stem cells ameliorate radiation-induced lung injury by activating the DDAH1/ADMA/eNOS signaling pathway. Regen Ther 2024; 27:398-407. [PMID: 38694446 PMCID: PMC11061648 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation-induced lung injury is caused by the initial inflammatory reaction and leads to advanced fibrosis of lung tissue. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cell that can differentiate into various functional cell types with broad application prospects in the treatment of tissue damage. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect of ASCs against radiation-induced lung injury and to provide a novel basis for prevention and treatment of radiation-induced lung injury. Materials and methods Fifty mice were randomly divided into a control group (Ctrl), radiation exposure group (IR), radiation exposure plus ASC treatment group (IR + ASC), radiation exposure plus L-257 group (IR + L-257), and radiation exposure plus ASC treatment and L-257 group (IR + ASC + L-257). Mice in IR, IR + ASC, and IR + ASC + L-257 groups were exposed to a single whole-body dose of 5 Gy X-rays (160 kV/25 mA, 1.25 Gy/min). Within 2 h after irradiation, mice in IR + ASC and IR + ASC + L-257 groups were injected with 5 × 106 ASCs via the tail vein. Mice in IR + L-257 and IR + ASC + L-257 groups were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg L-257 in 0.5 mL saline. Results The mice in the IR group exhibited lung hemorrhage, edema, pulmonary fibrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration, increased release of proinflammatory cytokines, elevation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and inhibition of the dimethylarginine dimethylamino hydratase 1 (DDAH1)/ADMA/eNOS signaling pathway. ASC treatment alleviated radiation-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, and restored the DDAH1/ADMA/eNOS signaling pathway. However, L-257 pretreatment offset the protective effect of ASCs against lung inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Conclusions These data suggest that ASCs ameliorate radiation-induced lung injury, and the mechanism may be mediated through the DDAH1/ADMA/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Fu
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Qiaohui Gao
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Shengyuan Jiao
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Fei Da
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yunen Liu
- Shenyang Medical College, No. 146, Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 110034, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang l10016, China
| | - Junye Liu
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
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Ahmed SH, AlMoslemany MA, Witwer KW, Tehamy AG, El-Badri N. Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunomodulatory Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:900-930. [PMID: 38393666 PMCID: PMC11087360 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 rapidly escalated into a worldwide pandemic with elevated infectivity even from asymptomatic patients. Complications can lead to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which are the main contributors to death. Because of their regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities, stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are perceived as promising therapies against severe pulmonary conditions, including those associated with COVID-19. Herein, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cell EVs in treating COVID-19 and complicating pneumonia, acute lung injury, and ARDS. We also cover relevant preclinical studies to recapitulate the current progress in stem cell EV-based therapy. METHODS Using PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science, we searched for all English-language published studies (2000-2023) that used stem cell EVs as a therapy for COVID-19, ARDS, or pneumonia. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed for all studies. RESULTS Forty-eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Various-sized EVs derived from different types of stem cells were reported as a potentially safe and effective therapy to attenuate the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. EVs alleviated inflammation and regenerated the alveolar epithelium by decreasing apoptosis, proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil infiltration, and M2 macrophage polarization. They also prevented fibrin production and promoted the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and endothelial cell junction proteins. CONCLUSION Similar to their parental cells, stem cell EVs mediate lung tissue regeneration by targeting multiple pathways and thus hold promise in promoting the recovery of COVID-19 patients and improving the survival rate of severely affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hamdy Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Atef AlMoslemany
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt
| | - Kenneth Whitaker Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed Gamal Tehamy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt.
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Yang S, Sun Y, Luo Y, Liu Y, Jiang M, Li J, Zhang Q, Bai J. Hypermethylation of PPARG-encoding gene promoter mediates fine particulate matter-induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the HMGB1/NLRP3 axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116068. [PMID: 38330871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The inflammatory response induced by fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a common class of air pollutants, is an important trigger for the development of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the specific mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are yet to be fully understood. To investigate the mechanisms behind the onset and progression of lung fibrosis owing to PM2.5 exposure, both rats and human bronchial epithelial cells were subjected to varying concentrations of PM2.5. The involvement of the PPARG/HMGB1/NLRP3 signaling pathway in developing lung fibrosis caused by PM2.5 was validated through the utilization of a PPARG agonist (rosiglitazone), a PPARG inhibitor (GW9662), and an HMGB1 inhibitor (glycyrrhizin). These outcomes highlighted the downregulation of PPARG expression and activation of the HMGB1/NLRP3 signaling pathway triggered by PM2.5, thereby eliciting inflammatory responses and promoting pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, PM2.5 exposure-induced DNA hypermethylation of PPARG-encoding gene promoter downregulated PPARG expression. Moreover, the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine mitigated the hypermethylation of the PPARG-encoding gene promoter triggered by PM2.5. In conclusion, the HMGB1/NLRP3 signaling pathway was activated in pulmonary fibrosis triggered by PM2.5 through the hypermethylation of the PPARG-encoding gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yang
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China; Chongqing Nanan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400066, China
| | - Yaochuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yajun Luo
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China
| | - Yingyi Liu
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China
| | - Mengyu Jiang
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China
| | - Jiayou Li
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China
| | - Qibing Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang 618000, China.
| | - Jun Bai
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China.
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González-Ruíz J, A Baccarelli A, Cantu-de-Leon D, Prada D. Air Pollution and Lung Cancer: Contributions of Extracellular Vesicles as Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Utility. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023; 10:478-489. [PMID: 38052753 PMCID: PMC10822800 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review addresses the pressing issue of air pollution's threat to human health, focusing on its connection to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. The aim is to explore the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential pathogenic mechanisms in lung cancer, including NSCLC, induced by air pollutants. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research highlights EVs as vital mediators of intercellular communication and key contributors to cancer progression. Notably, this review emphasizes the cargo of EVs released by both cancerous and non-cancerous lung cells, shedding light on their potential role in promoting various aspects of tumor development. The review underscores the importance of comprehending the intricate interplay between air pollution, biological damage mechanisms, and EV-mediated communication during NSCLC development. Major takeaways emphasize the significance of this understanding in addressing air pollution-related lung cancer. Future research avenues are also highlighted, aiming to enhance the applicability of EVs for diagnosis and targeted therapies, ultimately mitigating the inevitable impact of air pollution on NSCLC development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Diddier Prada
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl · (212) 241-6500, Room L2-38, New York City, NY, 10029, USA.
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5
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Zhao W, Wang L, Wang Y, Yuan H, Zhao M, Lian H, Ma S, Xu K, Li Z, Yu G. Injured Endothelial Cell: A Risk Factor for Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108749. [PMID: 37240093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathological features of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) are the abnormal activation and proliferation of myofibroblasts and the extraordinary deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the pathogenesis of PF is still indistinct. In recent years, many researchers have realized that endothelial cells had a crucial role in the development of PF. Studies have demonstrated that about 16% of the fibroblasts in the lung tissue of fibrotic mice were derived from endothelial cells. Endothelial cells transdifferentiated into mesenchymal cells via the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (E(nd)MT), leading to the excessive proliferation of endothelial-derived mesenchymal cells and the accumulation of fibroblasts and ECM. This suggested that endothelial cells, a significant component of the vascular barrier, played an essential role in PF. Herein, this review discusses E(nd)MT and its contribution to the activation of other cells in PF, which could provide new ideas for further understanding the source and activation mechanism of fibroblasts and the pathogenesis of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengxia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hui Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Shuaichen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Aghaei-Zarch SM, Alipourfard I, Rasoulzadeh H, Najafi S, Aghaei-Zarch F, Partov S, Movafagh A, Jahanara A, Toolabi A, Sheikhmohammadi A, Pour NN, Neghad SK, Ashrafi-Asgarabad A. Non-coding RNAs: An emerging player in particulate matter 2.5-mediated toxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123790. [PMID: 36822288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution has been connected to around seven million early deaths annually and also contributing to higher than 3 % of disability-adjusted lost life years. Particulate matters (PM) are among the key pollutants that directly discharged or formed due to atmospheric chemical interactions. Among these matters, due of its large surface area, PM2.5 may absorb a different harmful and toxic substances. One of the outcomes of such environmental disturbance is oxidative stress which affects cellular processes including apoptosis, inflammation, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) such as, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs are classified as non-protein coding RNA's. Over the past few years these small molecules have been gaining so much attention since they participate in variety of physiological and pathological processes and their expression change during disease periods. Regarding epigenetic properties, ncRNAs play an important function in organism's response to environmental stimulus. In this manner, it was revealed that exposure to PM2.5 may cause epigenetic reprogramming, such as, ncRNAs signature's alteration, which can be effective concerning pathophysiology state. In this review, we describe PM2.5 impact on ncRNAs and excavate its roles in toxicity caused by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hassan Rasoulzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saber Partov
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Jahanara
- Neonatology, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Ali Toolabi
- Environmental Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Amir Sheikhmohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | | | | | - Ahad Ashrafi-Asgarabad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
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7
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Adamič N, Vengust M. Regenerative medicine in lung diseases: A systematic review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1115708. [PMID: 36733636 PMCID: PMC9887049 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has opened the door to the exploration of new therapeutic methods for the treatment of various diseases, especially those associated with local or general disregulation of the immune system. In pulmonary diseases, new therapeutic strategies have emerged that are aimed at restoring functional lung tissue rather than alleviating symptoms. These strategies focus on tissue regeneration using stem cells and/or their derivatives or replacement of dysfunctional tissue using biomedical engineering. Animal health can directly benefit from regenerative therapy strategies and also serve as a translational experimental model for human disease. Several clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effects of cellular treatment on inflammatory lung disease in animals. Data reported to date show several beneficial effects in ex vivo and in vivo models; however, our understanding of the mechanisms that regenerative therapies exert on diseased tissues remains incomplete.
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8
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Eckhardt CM, Gambazza S, Bloomquist TR, De Hoff P, Vuppala A, Vokonas PS, Litonjua AA, Sparrow D, Parvez F, Laurent LC, Schwartz J, Baccarelli AA, Wu H. Extracellular Vesicle-Encapsulated microRNAs as Novel Biomarkers of Lung Health. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:50-59. [PMID: 35943330 PMCID: PMC9952856 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2208oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Early detection of respiratory diseases is critical to facilitate delivery of disease-modifying interventions. Extracellular vesicle-enriched microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) may represent reliable markers of early lung injury. Objectives: Evaluate associations of plasma EV-miRNAs with lung function. Methods: The prospective NAS (Normative Aging Study) collected plasma EV-miRNA measurements from 1996-2015 and spirometry every 3-5 years through 2019. Associations of EV-miRNAs with baseline lung function were modeled using linear regression. To complement the individual miRNA approach, unsupervised machine learning was used to identify clusters of participants with distinct EV-miRNA profiles. Associations of EV-miRNA profiles with multivariate latent longitudinal lung function trajectories were modeled using log binomial regression. Biological functions of significant EV-miRNAs were explored using pathway analyses. Results were replicated in an independent sample of NAS participants and in the HEALS (Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study). Measurements and Main Results: In the main cohort of 656 participants, 51 plasma EV-miRNAs were associated with baseline lung function (false discovery rate-adjusted P value < 0.05), 28 of which were replicated in the independent NAS sample and/or in the HEALS cohort. A subset of participants with distinct EV-miRNA expression patterns had increased risk of declining lung function over time, which was replicated in the independent NAS sample. Significant EV-miRNAs were shown in pathway analyses to target biological pathways that regulate respiratory cellular immunity, the lung inflammatory response, and airway structural integrity. Conclusions: Plasma EV-miRNAs may represent a robust biomarker of subclinical lung injury and may facilitate early identification and treatment of patients at risk of developing overt lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Eckhardt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Simone Gambazza
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Healthcare Professions Department, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tessa R. Bloomquist
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aishwarya Vuppala
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pantel S. Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Augusto A. Litonjua
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
| | - David Sparrow
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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9
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Soccio P, Moriondo G, Lacedonia D, Tondo P, Quarato CMI, Foschino Barbaro MP, Scioscia G. EVs-miRNA: The New Molecular Markers for Chronic Respiratory Diseases. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101544. [PMID: 36294979 PMCID: PMC9605003 DOI: 10.3390/life12101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and sleep disorders are chronic respiratory diseases that affect the airways, compromising lung function over time. These diseases affect hundreds of millions of people around the world and their frequency seems to be increasing every year. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small-sized vesicles released by every cell in the body. They are present in most body fluids and contain various biomolecules including proteins, lipids, mRNA and non-coding RNA (micro-RNA). The EVs can release their cargo, specifically micro-RNAs (miRNAs), to both neighboring and/or distal cells, playing a fundamental role in cell-cell communication. Recent studies have shown their possible role in the pathogenesis of various chronic respiratory diseases. The expression of miRNAs and, in particular, of miRNAs contained within the extracellular vesicles seems to be a good starting point in order to identify new potential biomarkers of disease, allowing a non-invasive clinical diagnosis. In this review we summarize some studies, present in the literature, about the functions of extracellular vesicles and miRNAs contained in extracellular vesicles in chronic respiratory diseases and we discuss the potential clinical applications of EVs and EVs-miRNAs for their possible use such as future biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Soccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Moriondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Carla Maria Irene Quarato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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10
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Yang Y, Huang H, Li Y. Roles of exosomes and exosome-derived miRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928933. [PMID: 36034858 PMCID: PMC9403513 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology that leads rapidly to death. It is characterized by the replacement of healthy tissue through an altered extracellular matrix and damage to the alveolar structure. New pharmacological treatments and biomarkers are needed for pulmonary fibrosis to ensure better outcomes and earlier diagnosis of patients. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles released by nearly all cell types that play a central role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, exosomes are emerging as a crucial factor in antigen presentation, immune response, immunomodulation, inflammation, and cellular phenotypic transformation and have also shown promising therapeutic potential in pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarizes current knowledge of exosomes that may promote pulmonary fibrosis and be utilized for diagnostics and prognostics. In addition, the utilization of exosomes and their cargo miRNAs as novel therapeutics and their potential mechanisms are also discussed. This review aims to elucidate the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and paves the way for developing novel therapeutics for pulmonary fibrosis. Further in-depth research and clinical trials on this topic are encouraged in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Yang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pathology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Li,
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11
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Tailored Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Tool for Tissue Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:7695078. [PMID: 35915850 PMCID: PMC9338735 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7695078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential part in multiple pathophysiological processes including tissue injury and regeneration because of their inherent characteristics of small size, low immunogenicity and toxicity, and capability of carrying a variety of bioactive molecules and mediating intercellular communication. Nevertheless, accumulating studies have shown that the application of EVs faces many challenges such as insufficient therapeutic efficacy, a lack of targeting capability, low yield, and rapid clearance from the body. It is known that EVs can be engineered, modified, and designed to encapsulate therapeutic cargos like proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and drugs to improve their therapeutic efficacy. Targeted peptides, antibodies, aptamers, magnetic nanoparticles, and proteins are introduced to modify various cell-derived EVs for increasing targeting ability. In addition, extracellular vesicle mimetics (EMs) and self-assembly EV-mimicking nanocomplex are applied to improve production and simplify EV purification process. The combination of EVs with biomaterials like hydrogel, and scaffolds dressing endows EVs with long-term therapeutic efficacy and synergistically enhanced regenerative outcome. Thus, we will summarize recent developments of EV modification strategies for more extraordinary regenerative effect in various tissue injury repair. Subsequently, opportunities and challenges of promoting the clinical application of engineered EVs will be discussed.
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12
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Wang J, Ma Y, Long Y, Chen Y. Extracellular Vesicle Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells Have Bidirectional Effects on the Development of Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:914832. [PMID: 35860555 PMCID: PMC9289533 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.914832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell is a kind of pluripotent cells with the ability of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, which exist in bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord tissue, placenta tissue, adipose tissue and so on. Extracellular vesicles are membranous lipid vesicles secreted by a variety of cells and widely present in body fluids, which contain proteins, mRNA, microRNA and other substances, and are an important medium of intercellular communication. At present, more and more evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles play an important role in the development of lung cancer. Regulating the levels of proteins, RNAs and other substances in MSC-EVs and then transplanting them into patients may be a new way to alleviate the development of lung cancer. We mainly introduce the role of extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose mesenchymal stem cells in lung cancer, to provide new alternatives for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjiao Long
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjiao Long,
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Li R, Jia Y, Kong X, Nie Y, Deng Y, Liu Y. Novel drug delivery systems and disease models for pulmonary fibrosis. J Control Release 2022; 348:95-114. [PMID: 35636615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious and progressive lung disease which is possibly life-threatening. It causes lung scarring and affects lung functions including epithelial cell injury, massive recruitment of immune cells and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). There is currently no cure for PF. Treatment for PF is aimed at slowing the course of the disease and relieving symptoms. Pirfenidone (PFD) and nintedanib (NDNB) are currently the only two FDA-approved oral medicines to slow down the progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a specific type of PF. Novel drug delivery systems and therapies have been developed to improve the prognosis of the disease, as well as reduce or minimize the toxicities during drug treatment. The drug delivery routes for these therapies are various including oral, intravenous, nasal, inhalant, intratracheal and transdermal; although this is dependent on specific treatment mechanisms. In addition, researchers have also expanded current animal models that could not fully restore the clinicopathology, and developed a series of in vitro models such as organoids to study the pathogenesis and treatment of PF. This review describes recent advances on pathogenesis exploration, classifies and specifies the progress of drug delivery systems by their delivery routes, as well as an overview on the in vitro and in vivo models for PF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yizhen Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaohan Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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14
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Tackling the effects of extracellular vesicles in fibrosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151221. [PMID: 35405464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a physiological process of tissue repair that turns into pathological when becomes chronic, damaging the functional structure of the tissue. In this review we outline the current status of extracellular vesicles as modulators of the fibrotic process at different levels. In adipose tissue, extracellular vesicles mediate the intercellular communication not only between adipocytes, but also between adipocytes and other cells of the stromal vascular fraction. Thus, they could be altering essential processes for the functionality of adipose tissue, such as adipocyte hypertrophy/hyperplasia, tissue plasticity, adipogenesis and/or inflammation, and ultimately trigger fibrosis. This process is particularly important in obesity, and may eventually, influence the development of obesity-associated alterations. In this regard, obesity is now recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease, although the role of extracellular vesicles in this connection has not been explored so far. Nonetheless, the role of extracellular vesicles in the onset and progression of renal fibrosis has been highlighted due to the critical role of fibrosis as a common feature of kidney diseases. In fact, the content of extracellular vesicles disturbs cellular signaling cascades involved in fibrosis in virtually all types of renal cells. What is certain is that the study of extracellular vesicles is complex, as their isolation and manipulation is still difficult to reproduce, which complicates the overview of their physiopathological effects. Nevertheless, new strategies have been developed to exploit the potential of extracellular vesicles and their cargo, both as biomarkers and as therapeutic tools to prevent the progression of fibrosis towards an irreversible event.
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15
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Zhou L, Kodidela S, Godse S, Thomas-Gooch S, Kumar A, Raji B, Zhi K, Kochat H, Kumar S. Targeted Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System Using Extracellular Vesicles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030358. [PMID: 35337155 PMCID: PMC8950604 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) maintains the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and protects the brain from toxic substances present in the circulating blood. However, the impermeability of the BBB to drugs is a hurdle for CNS drug development, which hinders the distribution of the most therapeutic molecules into the brain. Therefore, scientists have been striving to develop safe and effective technologies to advance drug penetration into the CNS with higher targeting properties and lower off-targeting side effects. This review will discuss the limitation of artificial nanomedicine in CNS drug delivery and the use of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs), as therapeutic vehicles to achieve targeted delivery to the CNS. Information on clinical trials regarding CNS targeted drug delivery using EVs is very limited. Thus, this review will also briefly highlight the recent clinical studies on targeted drug delivery in the peripheral nervous system to shed light on potential strategies for CNS drug delivery. Different technologies engaged in pre- and post-isolation have been implemented to further utilize and optimize the natural property of EVs. EVs from various sources have also been applied in the engineering of EVs for CNS targeted drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. Here, the future feasibility of those studies in clinic will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sandip Godse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Stacey Thomas-Gooch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Asit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Babatunde Raji
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Kaining Zhi
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Harry Kochat
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.K.)
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16
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Ma Y, Liu X, Long Y, Chen Y. Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: An Overview of Recent Progress. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:845042. [PMID: 35284423 PMCID: PMC8913891 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.845042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are able to carry genetic and protein goods to mediate the interaction between MSCs and target cells. Recently, more and more researches have focused on the therapeutic role of MSC-EVs in chronic respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarize the cumulative strategies and mechanisms of MSC-EVs in treating chronic respiratory diseases. This review suggests that MSC-EVs may serve as a novel cell-free-based therapy for chronic respiratory diseases, including COPD, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. In current studies of chronic respiratory diseases, umbilical cord and bone marrow are main sources of MSC-EVs, while adipose tissue, lung, and induced pluripotent stem cells are also applied. Isolation methods of MSC-EVs in treating chronic respiratory diseases involve ultracentrifugation, exosome extraction kits and anion-exchange chromatography. Intratracheal delivery and intravenous administration are the most widely used routes of MSC-EVs. MSC-EVs are able to transfer microRNAs and protein to target cells and further magnify the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Chen
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen, ; Yingjiao Long,
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17
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Gao Y, Zhang Q, Sun J, Liang Y, Zhang M, Zhao M, Zhang K, Dong C, Ma Q, Liu W, Li W, Chen Y, Han L, Jin F. Extracellular vesicles derived from PM2.5‐exposed alveolar epithelial cells mediate endothelial adhesion and atherosclerosis in ApoE
−/−
mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22161. [PMID: 35061300 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100927rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Gao
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Jinbo Sun
- Department of Urology General Hospital of the Central Theater Command Wuhan China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Geriatrics 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force Kunming China
| | - Minlong Zhang
- Department of Respiration The 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Mingxuan Zhao
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacology the First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Department of Orthopedics Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Wangping Li
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Luyao Han
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Faguang Jin
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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18
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Guo M, Li D, Feng Y, Li M, Yang B. Adipose-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit neuroblastoma growth by regulating GABBR1 activity through LINC00622-mediated transcription factor AR. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:19-32. [PMID: 34448502 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mia0321-164r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a huge threat to children's health. Adipose-derived stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (ADSC-Evs) can regulate tumor progression. This study aimed to identify the role of ADSC-Evs in NB. Following ADSC-Ev isolation and identification, PKH26-labeled ADSC-Evs were cocultured with NB cells to observe the internalization of ADSC-Evs. ADSC-Ev effects on NB cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were assessed. The regulatory molecules related to NB development were predicted. The expressions of and relations among LINC00622, transcriptional factor androgen receptor (AR), and gamma-aminobutyric acid B-type receptor 1 (GABRR1) were detected and verified. LINC00622 was inhibited in ADSCs to evaluate ADSC-Ev effects on NB cells. Xenograft tumor experiment in nude mice was further performed to evaluate the effects of ADSC-Evs-carried LINC00622 on NB in vivo. ADSC-Evs inhibited NB cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. ADSC-Evs increased GABBR1 expression in NB cells. ADSC-Evs-carried LINC00622 mediated AR to promote GABBR1 expression. Silencing LINC00622 in ADSCs weakened the inhibition of ADSC-Evs on NB cell malignant behaviors. ADSC-Evs reduced tumor growth in nude mice, which was restored after inhibiting LINC00622 expression in ADSCs. We highlighted that ADSC-Evs carried LINC00622 into NB cells to inhibit transcription factor AR and promote GABBR1 expression, thus inhibiting NB cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengguo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongpeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Yawen Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Mu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
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19
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Yang N, Ma W, Ke Y, Liu H, Chu J, Sun L, Lü G, Bi X, Lin R. Transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells ameliorates Echinococcus multilocularis-induced liver fibrosis in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010175. [PMID: 35100287 PMCID: PMC8830670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) can cause severe liver fibrosis and could be fatal if left untreated. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic options for AE-induced liver fibrosis. In view of the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), we investigated whether ADSCs transplantation has the ability to control or reverse fibrosis progression in the liver of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) infected mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS C57BL/6 mice infected with E. multilocularis through portal vein inoculation were intravenously injected with ADSCs isolated from inguinal adipose tissues of 6-8 weeks old mice. Histopathological analysis including heamatoxylin & eosin staining as well as Masson's trichrome staining, and Sirius red staining were performed to access the degree of liver fibrosis. Histopathological examination 30 days after ADSCs transplantation revealed that ADSCs significantly decreased the degree of liver fibrosis in E. multilocularis infected mice by inhibiting the expressions of α-SMA and type 1 collagen deposition. In addition, compared to the non-transplanted group, ADSCs transplantation reduced fibrotic areas in E. multilocularis infected mice. We also found that ADSCs transplantation significantly down-regulated TGF-β1 and TGF-βR expressions, while up-regulating Smad7 expression in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS ADSCs can alleviate Echinococcus multilocularis infection-induced liver fibrosis by modulating the activity level of the TGF-β/Smad7 signaling pathway and provide a potential therapeutic approach for E. multilocularis-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenmei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Pathology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ying Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guodong Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Renyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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20
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Current understanding of the role of microRNAs from adipose-derived extracellular vesicles in obesity. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 50:447-457. [PMID: 34940800 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, including diabetes, insulin resistance, and inflammation, are rapidly becoming a global health concern. Moreover, obese individuals are more likely to be infected with COVID-19. New research on adipose tissue is required to help us understand these metabolic diseases and their regulatory processes. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as novel intercellular vectors with a wide range of regulatory functions. The miRNAs carried by EVs participate in the regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, insulin resistance, diabetes, and inflammation. In addition, EV miRNAs demonstrate great potential for helping elucidating the mechanism of metabolic diseases, and for advancing their prevention and treatment. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the regulation of adipose differentiation and metabolic diseases by adipose-derived EV miRNAs. Understanding the role of these miRNAs should enrich our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of metabolic diseases caused by obesity.
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21
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Mechanism of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Carrying miR-21-5p in Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1007-1024. [PMID: 34882302 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) tends to develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise in alleviating lung injury. This study explored the mechanism of ADMSC-EVs in HILI. ADMSC-EVs were isolated and identified. The murine and cell models of HILI were established. HILI mice and cells were pre-treated with ADMSC-EVs. The lung dry/wet ratio, pathological structure, apoptosis, and inflammation of HILI mice were measured. The viability, apoptosis, and oxidative stress of HILI cells were measured. The internalization of EVs in lung and cells was observed by fluorescence labeling. The binding relationships between miR-21-5p and SKP2, and Nr2f2 and C/EBPα were analyzed. The binding of SKP2 and Nr2f2 and the Nr2f2 ubiquitination level were detected. ADMSC-EVs exerted preventive effects on HILI mice, evidenced by reduced lung dry/wet ratio, inflammation, and apoptosis in HILI mice. In vitro, EVs enhanced HILI cell viability and reduced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. EVs carried miR-21-5p into lung cells to upregulate miR-21-5p expression and thereby target SKP2. SKP2 bound to Nr2f2 and promoted its ubiquitination degradation. EVs inhibited the binding of Nr2f2 and C/EBPα and further suppressed C/EBPα transcription. Collectively, ADMSC-EVs carrying miR-21-5p alleviated HILI via the SKP2/Nr2f2/C/EBPα axis. Role and mechanism of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in hyperoxia-induced lung injury. ADMSC-EVs upregulated miR-21-5p expression in cells by carrying miR-21-5p into lung cells, thereby promoting the binding of miR-21-5p and SKP2 mRNA, inhibiting the expression of SKP2, reducing the ubiquitination level of Nr2f2, increasing the expression of Nr2f2, promoting the binding of Nr2f2 and the C/EBPα promoter, upregulating C/EBPα mRNA level, and eventually alleviating HILI.
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22
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Monti P, Solazzo G, Ferrari L, Bollati V. Extracellular Vesicles: Footprints of environmental exposures in the aging process? Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:309-322. [PMID: 34743313 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid particles that participate in intercellular signaling through the trafficking of bioactive molecules from parental cells to recipient ones. This well-orchestrated communication system is crucial for the organism to respond to external cues in a coordinated manner; indeed, environmental and lifestyle exposures can modify both EV number and content, with consequences on cellular metabolism and homeostasis. In particular, a growing body of evidence suggests that exposome-induced changes in EV profile could regulate the aging process, both at the cellular and organismal levels. Here, we provide an overview of the role played by ambient-induced EVs on aging and age-related diseases. Among the several environmental factors that can affect the communication network operated by EVs, we focused on air pollution, ultraviolet light, diet, and physical exercise. Moreover, we performed a miRNA target analysis, to support the role of EV-miRNA emerging from the literature in the context of aging. RECENT FINDINGS The overall emerging picture strongly supports a key regulatory role for EVs at the interface between external stimuli and cellular/organismal aging, thus providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms linking a "healthy exposome" to well-being in old age. In addition, this knowledge will pave the way for research aimed at developing innovative antiaging strategies based on EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Monti
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Solazzo
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy. .,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Tieu A, Hu K, Gnyra C, Montroy J, Fergusson DA, Allan DS, Stewart DJ, Thébaud B, Lalu MM. Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles as therapy for acute and chronic respiratory diseases: A meta-analysis. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12141. [PMID: 34596349 PMCID: PMC8485337 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies suggest mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) reduce inflammation and improve organ function in lung diseases; however, an objective analysis of all available data is needed prior to translation. Using rigorous meta-research methods, we determined the effectiveness of MSC-EVs for preclinical respiratory diseases and identified experimental conditions that may further refine this therapy. A systematic search of MEDLINE/Embase identified 1167 records. After screening, 52 articles were included for data extraction and evaluated for risk of bias and quality of reporting in study design. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted for acute lung injury (ALI; N = 23), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; N = 8) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; N = 7). Subgroup analyses identified EV methods/characteristics that may be associated with improved efficacy. Data is presented as standardized mean differences (SMD) or risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For ALI, MSC-EVs markedly reduced lung injury (SMD -4.33, CI -5.73 to -2.92), vascular permeability (SMD -2.43, CI -3.05 to -1.82), and mortality (RR 0.39, CI 0.22 to 0.68). Small EVs were more consistently effective than large EVs whereas no differences were observed between tissue sources, immunocompatibility or isolation techniques. For BPD, alveolarization was improved by MSC-EVs (SMD -1.45, CI -2.08 to -0.82) with small EVs more consistently beneficial then small/large EVs. In PAH, right ventricular systolic pressure (SMD -4.16, CI -5.68 to -2.64) and hypertrophy (SMD -2.80, CI -3.68 to -1.91) were significantly attenuated by EVs. In BPD and PAH, EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation demonstrated therapeutic benefit whereas tangential flow filtration (N = 2) displayed minimal efficacy. Lastly, risk of bias and quality of reporting for experimental design were consistently unclear across all studies. Our findings demonstrate clear potential of MSC-EVs to be developed as therapy for acute and chronic lung diseases. However, greater transparency in research design and direct comparisons of isolation technique and EV subtypes are needed to generate robust evidence to guide clinical translation. Protocol Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020145334.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tieu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Kevin Hu
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Catherine Gnyra
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Joshua Montroy
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Dean A. Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - David S. Allan
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Manoj M. Lalu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada
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24
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Tian J, Cui X, Sun J, Zhang J. RETRACTED: Exosomal microRNA-16-5p from adipose mesenchymal stem cells promotes TLR4-mediated M2 macrophage polarization in septic lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107835. [PMID: 34186282 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). The authors have requested that this paper be retracted as they were unable to replicate the experimental data reported in Figure 1A. The authors posit that changes in reagents or experimental conditions might be the source of their inability to do so. Additional concerns were raised about the reliability of the Western blot results in Figure 1E, Figure 4B and F, Figure 5B, and Figure 6B, as regarding ‘morphology space’ similarities contained within a series of papers with distinctive eyebrow blots, tabulated here (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/149EjFXVxpwkBXYJOnOHb6RhAqT4a2llhj9LM60MBffM/edit#gid=0 [nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com] [nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com]). The journal requested the authors comment on these concerns and provide raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Provence, China
| | - Xiaoqian Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Provence, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Provence, China
| | - Jingxiao Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Provence, China.
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25
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Huang Y, Yang L. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in therapy against fibrotic diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:435. [PMID: 34348793 PMCID: PMC8334330 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is likely to occur in many tissues and organs to induce cicatrisation and dysfunction. The therapeutic regimens for delaying and even reversing fibrosis are quite limited at present. In nearly a decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely acknowledged as useful in treating fibrotic diseases in preclinical and clinical trials. Further preclinical studies indicated that the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are probably superior to that of MSCs. At present, MSC-EVs have attracted much attention in treating fibrosis of lung, liver, kidney, skin, and heart. By contrast, a significant knowledge-gap remains in treating fibrosis of other tissues and organs (including uterus, gastrointestinal tract, and peritoneum) with the aid of MSC-EVs. This review summarises the preclinical research status of MSC-EVs in treating fibrotic diseases and proposes solutions to existing problems, which contribute to further clinical research on the treatment of fibrotic diseases with MSC-EVs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Huang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155th Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155th Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Niazi V, Hussen BM, Omrani MD, Taheri M, Basiri A. The Emerging Role of Exosomes in the Treatment of Human Disorders With a Special Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653296. [PMID: 34307345 PMCID: PMC8293617 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by diverse eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. They have prominent roles in the modulation of cell-cell communication, inflammation versus immunomodulation, carcinogenic processes, cell proliferation and differentiation, and tissue regeneration. These acellular vesicles are more promising than cellular methods because of the lower risk of tumor formation, autoimmune responses and toxic effects compared with cell therapy. Moreover, the small size and lower complexity of these vesicles compared with cells have made their production and storage easier than cellular methods. Exosomes originated from mesenchymal stem cells has also been introduced as therapeutic option for a number of human diseases. The current review aims at summarization of the role of EVs in the regenerative medicine with a focus on their therapeutic impacts in liver fibrosis, lung disorders, osteoarthritis, colitis, myocardial injury, spinal cord injury and retinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Niazi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Extracellular Vesicles in Organ Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Therapies, and Diagnostics. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071596. [PMID: 34202136 PMCID: PMC8305303 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the unrelenting deposition of excessively large amounts of insoluble interstitial collagen due to profound matrigenic activities of wound-associated myofibroblasts during chronic injury in diverse tissues and organs. It is a highly debilitating pathology that affects millions of people globally and leads to decreased function of vital organs and increased risk of cancer and end-stage organ disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced within the chronic wound environment have emerged as important vehicles for conveying pro-fibrotic signals between many of the cell types involved in driving the fibrotic response. On the other hand, EVs from sources such as stem cells, uninjured parenchymal cells, and circulation have in vitro and in vivo anti-fibrotic activities that have provided novel and much-needed therapeutic options. Finally, EVs in body fluids of fibrotic individuals contain cargo components that may have utility as fibrosis biomarkers, which could circumvent current obstacles to fibrosis measurement in the clinic, allowing fibrosis stage, progression, or regression to be determined in a manner that is accurate, safe, minimally-invasive, and conducive to repetitive testing. This review highlights the rapid and recent progress in our understanding of EV-mediated fibrotic pathogenesis, anti-fibrotic therapy, and fibrosis staging in the lung, kidney, heart, liver, pancreas, and skin.
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28
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Inhibit the Fibrosis of Fibrotic Buccal Mucosal Fibroblasts via the MicroRNA-375/FOXF1 Axis. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9964159. [PMID: 34257670 PMCID: PMC8245228 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9964159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous lesion. Adipose-derived stem cell- (ADSC-) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) (ADSC-EVs) regulate multiple oral diseases. Hence, this study explored the mechanism of ADSC-EVs in OSF. ADSCs were transduced with microRNA- (miR-) 375 mimic. ADSC-EVs and miR-375-overexpressed ADSC-EVs (EVs-miR-375) were extracted and identified. miR-375 expression in EVs and fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs) was detected. EV uptake by fBMFs was observed. The targeted relationship between miR-375 and forkhead box protein F1 (FOXF1) was predicted and verified. After EVs-miR-375 treatment or FOXF1 overexpression, fBMF cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated, and levels of apoptosis-related proteins (cleaved-caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2) and fibrosis markers (α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III) were detected. Functional rescue experiments were further performed to verify the role of the miR-375/FOXF1 axis in OSF. miR-375 was notably upregulated in EVs-miR-375 and EVs-miR-375-treated fBMFs (all P < 0.001). ADSC-EVs carried miR-375 into fBMFs. fBMFs can internalize ADSC-EVs. EVs-miR-375 treatment markedly inhibited fBMF cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and fibrosis and promoted apoptosis (all P < 0.01). Moreover, miR-375 targeted FOXF1 in fBMFs. FOXF1 overexpression promoted fBMF cell biological behaviors and fibrosis, which were reversed after EVs-miR-375 treatment (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). We highlighted that ADSC-EVs inhibited fBMF fibrosis and then suppressed OSF progression via the miR-375/FOXF1 axis.
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29
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Gao J, Yuan J, Liu Q, Wang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Ding W, Ji G, Lu Z. Adipose-derived stem cells therapy effectively attenuates PM 2.5-induced lung injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:355. [PMID: 34147136 PMCID: PMC8214780 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure are associated with marked inflammatory responses. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have immunosuppressive effects, and ADSC transplantation could attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in different animal disease models. However, whether ADSCs affect PM2.5-induced lung injury has not been investigated. METHOD C57BL/6 mice were exposed to PM2.5 every other day via intratracheal instillation for 4 weeks. After that, the mice received tail vein injections of ADSCs every 2 weeks. RESULTS ADSC transplantation significantly attenuated systemic and pulmonary inflammation, cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, and cell death in PM2.5-exposed mice. RNA-sequencing results and bioinformatic analysis suggested that the downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in inflammatory and immune pathways. Moreover, ADSC transplantation attenuated PM2.5-induced cell apoptosis and pyroptosis in the lungs and hearts. CONCLUSION ADSCs protect against PM2.5-induced adverse health effects through attenuating pulmonary inflammation and cell death. Our findings suggest that ADSC transplantation may be a potential therapeutic approach for severe air pollution-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juntao Yuan
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuanli Wang
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Wenjun Ding
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangju Ji
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China.
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30
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Sun D, Yang L, Zheng W, Cao H, Wu L, Song H. Protective Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMMSCS) Combined with Normothermic Machine Perfusion on Liver Grafts Donated After Circulatory Death via Reducing the Ferroptosis of Hepatocytes. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930258. [PMID: 34112750 PMCID: PMC8204680 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve the quality of liver grafts from extended-criteria donors donated after circulatory death (DCD), this study explored whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) combined with normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) have protective effects on DCD donor livers and the effects of ferroptosis in this procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four male rat DCD donor livers were randomly and averagely divided into normal, static cold storage (SCS), NMP, and NMP combined with BMMSCs groups. Liver function, bile secretion, and pathological features of DCD donor livers were detected to evaluate the protective effects of NMP and BMMSCs on DCD donor livers. Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce an oxidative stress model of hepatocyte IAR-20 cells to evaluate the protective effects of BMMSCs in vitro. RESULTS Livers treated with NMP combined with BMMSCs showed better liver function, relieved histopathological damage, reduced oxidative stress injury and ferroptosis, and the mechanism of reduction was associated with downregulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free Fe²⁺ levels. BMMSCs showed significant protective effects on the ultrastructure of DCD donor livers and ROS-induced injury to IAR-20 cells under electron microscopy. BMMSCs also significantly improved the expression level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II in both DCD donor livers and ROS-induced injured IAR-20 cells, including upregulating the expression of ferritin. CONCLUSIONS BMMSCs combined with NMP could reduce the level of ROS and free Fe²⁺ in oxidative stress damaged rat DCD donor livers, potentially reduce the ferroptosis in hepatocytes, and repair both morphology and function of DCD donor livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Liu Yang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Huan Cao
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland).,NHC Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Longlong Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Hongli Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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31
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Yang Y, Feng Y, Huang H, Cui L, Li F. PM2.5 exposure induces reproductive injury through IRE1/JNK/autophagy signaling in male rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111924. [PMID: 33486381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constitutes the most significant air pollutant that causes health risks. However, the mechanism(s) underlying PM2.5-induced male reproductive injury has not been clarified. In the present study we explored whether PM2.5 activated the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)/c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase (JNK)/autophagy-signaling pathway, and whether this pathway mediated reproductive injury in male rats. We established a male Sprague-Dawley rat model of PM2.5 (1.5 mg/kg) exposure-induced reproductive injury, and observed the intervention effects of STF083010 (an IRE1 inhibitor, 1 mg/kg). After 4 weeks of exposure, reproductive injury-related indicators and IRE1-cascade protein expression were analyzed. Our results showed that sperm quality and serum testosterone level significantly decreased and apoptotic index increased after exposure to PM2.5. After STF083010 intervention, sperm quality and serum testosterone level were significantly improved, while the apoptotic index was reduced. Under light microscopy, we observed that the structure of spermatogenic cells in the PM2.5 group was loose, and that the numbers of spermatogenic cells and mature spermatozoa were reduced. After STF083010 intervention, the structural damage to spermatogenic cells was improved, and the number of cells shed was reduced. Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of IRE1, phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)II/LC3I proteins was significantly upregulated, and that the expression of p62 protein was significantly downregulated in the PM2.5 group. The concomitant administration of STF083010 significantly antagonized the aforementioned adverse effects. STF083010 exerted specific protective effects on reproductive injury-related effects in male rats exposed to PM2.5, with effects mediated via IRE1/JNK/autophagy signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Yajing Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fuqin Li
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Abreu SC, Lopes-Pacheco M, Weiss DJ, Rocco PRM. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Diseases: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:600711. [PMID: 33659247 PMCID: PMC7917181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.600711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential therapy for several diseases. These plasma membrane-derived fragments are released constitutively by virtually all cell types-including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-under stimulation or following cell-to-cell interaction, which leads to activation or inhibition of distinct signaling pathways. Based on their size, intracellular origin, and secretion pathway, EVs have been grouped into three main populations: exosomes, microvesicles (or microparticles), and apoptotic bodies. Several molecules can be found inside MSC-derived EVs, including proteins, lipids, mRNA, microRNAs, DNAs, as well as organelles that can be transferred to damaged recipient cells, thus contributing to the reparative process and promoting relevant anti-inflammatory/resolutive actions. Indeed, the paracrine/endocrine actions induced by MSC-derived EVs have demonstrated therapeutic potential to mitigate or even reverse tissue damage, thus raising interest in the regenerative medicine field, particularly for lung diseases. In this review, we summarize the main features of EVs and the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of MSC-derived EVs in several lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary infections [including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)], asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and cystic fibrosis (CF), among others. Finally, we list a number of limitations associated with this therapeutic strategy that must be overcome in order to translate effective EV-based therapies into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia C Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ibrahim A, Ibrahim A, Parimon T. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Interstitial Lung Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010087. [PMID: 33430301 PMCID: PMC7825759 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are chronic irreversible pulmonary conditions with significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic approaches to ILDs are complex and multifactorial. Effective therapeutic interventions are continuously investigated and explored with substantial progress, thanks to advances in basic understanding and translational efforts. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a new paradigm in diagnosis and treatment. This leads to two significant implications: new disease biomarker discovery that enables reliable diagnosis and disease assessment and the development of regenerative medicine therapeutics that target fibroproliferative processes in diseased lung tissue. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of diseased tissue-derived EVs in the development of interstitial lung diseases, the utility of these EVs as diagnostic and prognostic tools, and the existing therapeutic utility of EVs. Furthermore, we review the potential therapeutic application of EVs derived from various cellular sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland/Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA;
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-310-248-8069
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Gao Y, Huang X, Lin H, Zhao M, Liu W, Li W, Han L, Ma Q, Dong C, Li Y, Hu Y, Jin F. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived antioxidative extracellular vesicles exhibit anti-oxidative stress and immunomodulatory effects under PM2.5 exposure. Toxicology 2021; 447:152627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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35
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Chen S, He Z, Xu J. Application of adipose-derived stem cells in photoaging: basic science and literature review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:491. [PMID: 33225962 PMCID: PMC7682102 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaging is mainly induced by continuous exposure to sun light, causing multiple unwanted skin characters and accelerating skin aging. Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) are promising in supporting skin repair because of their significant antioxidant capacity and strong proliferation, differentiation, and migration ability, as well as their enriched secretome containing various growth factors and cytokines. The identification of the mechanisms by which ADSCs perform these functions for photoaging has great potential to explore therapeutic applications and combat skin aging. We also review the basic mechanisms of UV-induced skin aging and recent improvement in pre-clinical applications of ADSCs associated with photoaging. Results showed that ADSCs are potential to address photoaging problem and might treat skin cancer. Compared with ADSCs alone, the secretome-based approaches and different preconditionings of ADSCs are more promising to overcome the current limitations and enhance the anti-photoaging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidie Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Khalaj K, Figueira RL, Antounians L, Lauriti G, Zani A. Systematic review of extracellular vesicle-based treatments for lung injury: are EVs a potential therapy for COVID-19? J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1795365. [PMID: 32944185 PMCID: PMC7481829 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1795365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 infection results in bilateral interstitial pneumonia, often leading to
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis in survivors. Most
patients with severe COVID-19 infections who died had developed ARDS. Currently, ARDS is
treated with supportive measures, but regenerative medicine approaches including
extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies have shown promise. Herein, we aimed to analyse
whether EV-based therapies could be effective in treating severe pulmonary conditions that
affect COVID-19 patients and to understand their relevance for an eventual therapeutic
application to human patients. Using a defined search strategy, we conducted a systematic
review of the literature and found 39 articles (2014–2020) that reported effects of EVs,
mainly derived from stem cells, in lung injury models (one large animal study, none in
human). EV treatment resulted in: (1) attenuation of inflammation (reduction of
pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration, M2 macrophage polarization); (2)
regeneration of alveolar epithelium (decreased apoptosis and stimulation of surfactant
production); (3) repair of microvascular permeability (increased endothelial cell junction
proteins); (4) prevention of fibrosis (reduced fibrin production). These effects were
mediated by the release of EV cargo and identified factors including miRs-126, −30b-3p,
−145, −27a-3p, syndecan-1, hepatocyte growth factor and angiopoietin-1. This review
indicates that EV-based therapies hold great potential for COVID-19 related lung injuries
as they target multiple pathways and enhance tissue regeneration. However, before
translating EV therapies into human clinical trials, efforts should be directed at
developing good manufacturing practice solutions for EVs and testing optimal dosage and
administration route in large animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Khalaj
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebeca Lopes Figueira
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina Antounians
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Lauriti
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Augusto Zani
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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