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Lu X, An X, Chen S. Trends and Influencing Factors in Problematic Smartphone Use Prevalence (2012-2022): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024. [PMID: 38979617 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Given that problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been researched for a long time, it becomes necessary to assess how the trends of PSU prevalence have evolved over time. In total, 106 articles from 2012 to 2022 with 109 studies covering 97,748 individuals were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The estimation of the global pooled PSU prevalence was 37.1% (95% confidence interval, 33.5 - 40.8%) and the PSU prevalence is growing over time in total. Although the PSU prevalence exhibited wide variation between regions and measurement scales, the increasing trend remained. In addition, the regression slope of the PSU prevalence trend in males was higher than that in females. Males initially had a lower prevalence of PSU than females, but this steadily changed over time until it was greater in males than in females. Moreover, the prevalence of PSU showed an increasing trend across all age groups, with a faster growth rate in the older age group. Considering the aforementioned results, it's necessary to implement proper interventions to do with this phenomenon. In addition, considering the differences in prevalence brought by regions, and measurement scales, in practice and research, we should not only take into account the disparities of PSU between countries or cultures, but also to concern about establishing unified standard and measurement tools to confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Lu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xianli An
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siguang Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Aldukhayel MM, Rabbani U. Problematic Use of Smartphones and Sleep Quality Among Healthcare Workers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e63610. [PMID: 39092352 PMCID: PMC11293888 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Problematic use of smartphones among healthcare workers can affect their performance, patient care, safety, care outcomes, and patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of problematic use of smartphones and the relationship between the problematic use of smartphones and sleep quality among healthcare workers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Methods We enrolled 393 healthcare workers conveniently selected online for this cross-sectional survey. We assessed the problematic use of smartphones using the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale. For sleep quality, we used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Linear regression was used to assess the association of problematic use of smartphones with sleep quality. IBM SPSS Statistics, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for analyses. Results The prevalence of smartphone addiction (SMA) was 59.0%, and 30.5% were at high risk for addiction. The mean PSQI score was 11.56 ± 2.1 out of 21. It was found that female gender was associated with poor sleep quality (adjusted B = 0.45, p-value = 0.049). On the other hand, SMA was also significantly associated with poor sleep quality (adjusted B = 0.90, p-value = 0.016). Conclusion There is a high prevalence of problematic use of smartphones among healthcare workers, which is associated with poor sleep quality. Given the significant occurrence of problematic smartphone use among healthcare professionals and its detrimental effects on sleep quality, it is crucial for public health initiatives to devise and execute suitable preventive measures, such as smartphone use policies at work and education of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Unaib Rabbani
- Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraydah, SAU
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Das P, Saraswathy KN, Chaudhary V. Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and its Relationship with Obesity among Young Adults: A Cross-sectional Study from Delhi, India. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:544-548. [PMID: 38933784 PMCID: PMC11198534 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_288_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Smartphone addiction (SA) has emerged as an important health concern worldwide. Recent studies have recognized SA as one of the factors that promote sedentarism and can contribute to obesity. However, the relationship between SA and obesity among Indian young adults remains understudied. The present study aims to estimate the prevalence of SA and explore its association with general and central obesity among young adults in Delhi, India. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 young adults (aged 18-30 years) of either sex (60.16% females) from Delhi. Screening for SA was done using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. Somatometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference) were taken to determine general and central obesity. SA was prevalent among 25.2% of the participants. The prevalence of SA was higher among males and undergraduate students than among females and postgraduate/MPhil/PhD students, respectively. Further, SA was not associated with any of the obesity variables. Interestingly, smartphone addicts were found to have a 2.5-fold increased risk of being underweight. Though SA was not associated with obesity, it was found to be associated with being underweight, indicating a relationship between smartphone use and nutritional status among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyosmita Das
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Ali Abdullah AlAidarous H, Alghamdi NS, Alghamdi RS, Alghamdi MA, Alshahrani MA, Alghamdi AM, Alzahrani EA, Alghamdi KN, Alzahrani NM, Alghamdi AA. Evaluation of the Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Lower Back Pain and Neck Pain Among Medical Students at Al-Baha University. Cureus 2024; 16:e60561. [PMID: 38887354 PMCID: PMC11182562 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years, the increased use of smartphones has adversely affected students, leading to issues like musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, our objective was to assess the correlation between smartphone addiction and neck and lower back pain. Methodology An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. The Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) was used to measure the level of smartphone addiction while the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was utilized to evaluate musculoskeletal pain. Results Smartphone addiction was prevalent in 72% of the participants (n = 293). Significantly, lower back pain was associated with smartphone addiction (p-value = 0.004). However, none of the demographic characteristics were associated with neck or lower back pain (p-value > 0.05). Students in clinical years had a higher risk of neck pain than those in an internship (p-value = 0.048). Conclusion Almost two-thirds of the students were addicted to smartphones, with a significant association with lower back pain. Students addicted to their smartphones had a higher risk of developing lower back pain, while clinical-year students had a higher risk of developing neck pain. It's important to raise awareness about the health and safety dangers linked to smartphones and other devices.
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El-Zoghby SM, Zaghloul NM, Tawfik AM, Elsherbiny NM, Shehata SA, Soltan EM. Cyberchondria and smartphone addiction: A correlation survey among undergraduate medical students in Egypt. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2024; 99:7. [PMID: 38565743 PMCID: PMC10987454 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-024-00154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increase in smartphone usage globally. Cyberchondria (CYB) is characterized by excessive Internet searches for health information. Smartphone addiction is constantly rising among medical students together with CYB as a collateral emerging risk, yet there is limited research available on the topic. METHODS This cross-sectional study explores the rising phenomenon of smartphone addiction and its potential role in CYB among medical students in seven Egyptian universities. A total of 1435 medical students participated in completing online questionnaires that assessed smartphone addiction and CYB using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) and Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS-12). Multivariable regression analysis was applied to assess predictors of smartphone addiction and CYB. RESULTS Based on the used scales, 57.6% of students were suffering from smartphone addiction, and 85.8% exhibited a moderate degree of CYB. There was a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction scores and CYB (p < 0.05). The multivariable regression models revealed that four factors including using Facebook, using WhatsApp, increasing time spent on the Internet per day, and a higher CYB score increase the probability of smartphone addiction. The factors that increase the probability of CYB are using Facebook, an increase in the frequency of Internet searches, a higher degree of worry about one's health or a family member's health, and being a smartphone addict. CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction among undergraduate medical students is prevalent. Social media use, time spent online, and smartphone addiction were linked with the risk of CYB. Regular physical activity decreases the probability of smartphone addiction. Awareness programs and increased mental and physical activities are required to help reduce smartphone addiction among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa M El-Zoghby
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nancy M Zaghloul
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayat M Tawfik
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Noura M Elsherbiny
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Enayat M Soltan
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Nahidi M, Ahmadi M, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Morovatdar N, Khadem-Rezayian M, Abdolalizadeh A. The relationship between mobile phone addiction and depression, anxiety, and sleep quality in medical students. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:70-81. [PMID: 37781789 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the prevalence of mobile phone addiction among medical students and its relationship with depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. The study was conducted at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from 2019 to 2021, and it included medical students at four different levels of training. Participants were selected using a stratified random sampling method. All subjects completed the Mobile Phone Addiction Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory through online electronic self-report questionnaires. Overall, 355 medical students were included in the study, with 203 (57.2%) being female. Mild and severe mobile phone addiction was reported by 83.7 and 2.5% of the students, respectively. Furthermore, the study's findings revealed significantly higher sleep quality disorder, depression, and anxiety scores among students with severe mobile phone addiction compared to other participants ( P < 0.001, P = 0.007, and P < 0.001, respectively). Although mobile phone addiction was prevalent, severe addiction was rare among medical students. Nevertheless, severe addiction was associated with an increased prevalence of mental health problems and sleep disturbances, emphasizing the importance of interventions aimed at reducing mobile phone addiction and improving mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Nahidi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Negar Morovatdar
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | - Majid Khadem-Rezayian
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adeleh Abdolalizadeh
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
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Alkalash SH, Aldawsari AK, Alfahmi SS, Babukur AO, Alrizqi RA, Salaemae KF, Al-Masoudi RO, Basamih KA. The Prevalence of Nomophobia and Its Impact on Academic Performance of Medical Undergraduates at the College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e51052. [PMID: 38269229 PMCID: PMC10805678 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nomophobia, or no mobile phone phobia, is a term used to describe psychological conditions when people fear being without a mobile phone. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to measure the prevalence of nomophobia, its associated factors, and its impact on the academic performance of medical undergraduates at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study included a simple random sample of 595 medical undergraduates. The study administered the Nomophobia Questionnaire, which had been validated in previous articles, using an interview-based model. The collected data were reviewed and entered into the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York) for analysis. RESULTS A total of 595 medical students were included in this study. Most of them (99%, n = 589) had different degrees of nomophobia, while only a small percentage (1%, n = 6) did not exhibit it. The younger medical students (18-19 years old) showed significantly higher percentages of moderate to severe nomophobia in comparison to older students (P = 0.028), while there was no significant relationship between nomophobia and academic performance, despite the fact that 128 (77.1%) of students with severe nomophobia had grade point averages (GPAs) of 3.5-4.0, compared to 244 (69.1%) of students with moderate nomophobia (P = 0.150). CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that the prevalence rate of nomophobia is generally high among medical undergraduates at UQU in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. This disorder was detected more among younger medical undergraduates, with no significant effects on their academic performance. It is mandatory to conduct more studies with larger sample sizes of different university students (medical and non-medical) to identify factors that lead to the development of nomophobia. Qualitative research among groups of university students will add more deep information about this disorder. Health education programs should be designed and targeted at university students, focusing on the harmful health effects of excessive use of mobile phones and measures to prevent this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa H Alkalash
- Community Medicine and Health Care, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, SAU
- Family Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, EGY
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Aftab T, Khyzer E. Smartphone addiction and its association with hypertension and quality of sleep among medical students of Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:1013-1019. [PMID: 37777264 PMCID: PMC10541975 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe the smartphone addiction's prevalence and its relation to hypertension and sleep quality. METHODS This study was carried out at the College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October 2022 to March 2023. A total of 200 medical students were selected using convenience sampling. Standard procedures were used to estimate the student's height, weight, body mass, and blood pressure. Smartphone addiction was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version and sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Relationships between smartphone addiction, sleep quality, hypertension, and obesity were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. A p<0.05 was viewed as statistically significant. RESULTS Prevalence rate of smartphone addiction was 36% (39.8% in men and 30.5% in women) and prevalence rate of hypertension was 35.5% (42.4% in men and 25.6% in women). Hypertension showed a significant positive relationship with smartphone addiction (odds ratio [OR]=2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.034-4.36), poor sleep quality (OR=3.54, 95% CI=1.73-7.22), and obesity (OR=3.03, 95% CI=1.09-8.42). CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction has been demonstrated to have a high prevalence among medical undergraduates and has been associated significantly with elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehreem Aftab
- From the Department of Physiology (Aftab) and from the Department of Medicine (Khyzer), College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ehtisham Khyzer
- From the Department of Physiology (Aftab) and from the Department of Medicine (Khyzer), College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Gazzaz ZJ, Baig M, Albarakati M, Alfalig HA, Jameel T. Language Barriers in Understanding Healthcare Information: Arabic-Speaking Students' Comprehension of Diabetic Questionnaires in Arabic and English Languages. Cureus 2023; 15:e46777. [PMID: 37954810 PMCID: PMC10632778 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Typically, disease-related information is available in English on the internet, and the bulk of medical research journals are likewise published in English. Therefore, in non-English-speaking countries, many people find it challenging to put that knowledge into practice. This study compared Arabic-speaking students' performance on a diabetic questionnaire presented in Arabic with their performance on the same questionnaire in English. Methodology The cross-sectional study was carried out at the King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Identical questionnaires in Arabic and English assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on diabetes mellitus (DM) were filled out by Arabic-speaking students. The English version was distributed to the same students four weeks after the Arabic version. A total of 507 students filled out the Arabic questionnaire, and four weeks later, they filled out the English version. Results Students' scores were significantly higher in the knowledge and attitudes domains (P < 0.001), with no significant difference observed in the practice domain on the Arabic language questionnaire compared to English. A gender-wise comparison showed that females had significantly higher knowledge scores in the Arabic and practice domains in the English questionnaires. According to the regression analysis, students were predicted to have good knowledge scores on the Arabic language questionnaire than on the English version (odds ratio [OR] = 4.537, P < 0.001). Similarly, students on the Arabic language questionnaire showed higher scores for positive attitudes (OR = 2.703, P < 0.001), and adequate preventative behavior (OR = 1.592, P < 0.001) than on the English version. Furthermore, being female is linked to having good knowledge scores (OR = 1.724, P < 0.001). Conclusions Results indicated that students' good knowledge, positive attitude, and adequate practice scores were associated with the Arabic language questionnaire than the English version. Our participants' KAP scores derived from an English language questionnaire were not up to the mark. There is a need to modify the school curriculum to increase students' English comprehension and command so they can perform better in professional courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohair J Gazzaz
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | - Tahir Jameel
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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AlSaif HI, Alhozaimi ZA, Alrashed AS, Alanazi KS, Alshibani MG, Almigbal TH, Alsaad SM, Alrasheed AA, Alosaimi FD. Is There an Association between Increased Stress and Smartphone Addiction? Insights from a Study on Medical Students from Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1501. [PMID: 37629791 PMCID: PMC10456896 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Smartphone addiction is prevalent among medical students, and there is a concern that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic fueled a rise in smartphone addiction. Earlier studies suggest a link between excessive smartphone usage and negative outcomes such as depression, stress, and reduced academic achievement. However, there is a dearth of both local studies in Saudi Arabia and studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic exploring the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its association with academic performance, depression, and perceived stress, which is the purpose of the current study. Methods: In 2021, a cross-sectional research project took place among medical students at King Saud University and the Vision Colleges located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online self-administered questionnaire consisting of demographic variables, grade point average (GPA), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) was deployed. Results: Three hundred and fifteen students participated. Around 47.9% of students reported smartphone addiction, and the mean SAS-SV score was 32.31 ± 12.01 points. Both PHQ-9 and PSS-4 scores showed a significant positive correlation with the SAS-SV score (r = 0.216, p < 0.001 and r = 247, p < 0.001, respectively), while GPA did not (r = -0.027, p = 0.639). An adjusted analysis showed that the PSS-4 score was positively associated with the SAS-SV score (odds ratio (OR) = 1.206, p < 0.001), while the PHQ-9 score was not (OR = 102, p = 0.285). Conclusions: Smartphone addiction is prevalent among medical students and associated with perceived stress. Additional research is required to gain a deeper comprehension of this issue and to assess the success of intervention initiatives aimed at encouraging healthy smartphone usage, particularly in times of crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham I. AlSaif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad A. Alhozaimi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf S. Alrashed
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kholoud S. Alanazi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh 13226, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed G. Alshibani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M. Alsaad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alrasheed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.A.); (M.G.A.); (T.H.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad D. Alosaimi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
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Kao PC. The Interrelationship of Loneliness, Smartphone Addiction, Sleep Quality, and Students' Attention in English as a Foreign Language Class. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3460. [PMID: 36834156 PMCID: PMC9958870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a research model comprising four variables (loneliness, smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and students' attention in English as a foreign language class) was proposed and statistically examined. Previous literature has appeared to neglect these variables, which are considered to be essential to understanding students' attention in EFL (English as a foreign language) class among college students. A total of 587 undergraduate students were recruited from a university in Taiwan to participate in the present study. The technique of structural equation modeling was adopted to test the hypotheses in the conceptual model. The findings of this study are: (1) smartphone addiction has a significant negative impact on students' attention in EFL class; (2) smartphone addiction has a significant negative impact on sleep quality; (3) sleep quality has a significant positive impact on students' attention in EFL class; (4) sleep quality partially mediates the relationship between smartphone addiction and students' attention in EFL class; (5) loneliness has a significant positive effect on smartphone addiction. The results can enrich the present literature in the psychology of attention and mobile technology by providing an insight into the dynamics of these four variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chi Kao
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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12
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Torkamani MH, Mokhtarinia HR, Vahedi M, Gabel CP. Relationships between cervical sagittal posture, muscle endurance, joint position sense, range of motion and level of smartphone addiction. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:61. [PMID: 36690958 PMCID: PMC9869316 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent smartphone use in a pathological way forces the user to adopt a compromised posture. This gradually results in changes to both the postural and musculoskeletal systems. This study's objectives were evaluation of head posture, muscle endurance, neck range of motion (ROM) and joint position sense in two separate smartphone user groups, one 'Addicted', the other 'Non-Addicted'. METHODS A sample of convenience (n = 60) was recruited from medical students (age 24.57 ± 4.38, 53.3% male) with a history of smartphones use > 2 h/day for 1-year. Based on the cut-off values of the smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), participants were entered into each group (cut-off for male ≥ 31, female ≥ 33). Neck muscle endurance time, joint position error and cervical ROM, along with forward head posture parameters of craniovertebral angle (CVA), shoulder angle (SA), sagittal head angle (SHA) and forward head distance (FHD)) were evaluated. A Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to determine the difference between groups and the correlations between variables. RESULTS The difference between 'Addicted' and 'Non-Addicted' groups was confirmed by the values for SAS-SV scores (25.23 ± 5.5 versus 43.9 ± 6.61) (p < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between groups for the CVA and FHD parameters (p < 0.001). Further, the neck extensor muscle endurance (97 ± 3.79 versus 74.86 ± 2.23 s), was significantly different between groups (p = 0.010) but not after Bonferroni correction. There was no notable difference in the neck flexor muscle endurance, joint position error, SA, and SHA parameters between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and both decreased extensor muscle endurance and changes in neck postural alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Heidary Torkamani
- grid.472458.80000 0004 0612 774XDepartment of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Kodakyar Ave.Daneshjo Blvd, Evin, Tehran, 1985713834 PC Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia
- grid.472458.80000 0004 0612 774XDepartment of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Kodakyar Ave.Daneshjo Blvd, Evin, Tehran, 1985713834 PC Iran
| | - Mohsen Vahedi
- grid.472458.80000 0004 0612 774XDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
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Guan W, Wang S, Liu C. Influence of perceived discrimination on problematic smartphone use among Chinese deaf and hard-of-hearing students: Serial mediating effects of sense of security and social avoidance. Addict Behav 2023; 136:107470. [PMID: 36055057 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing the rate and impact of problematic smartphone use (PSU) among deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students has become a social issue. Research has suggested that perceived discrimination is associated with PSU, although the underlying mechanism of this association for DHH students is not clear. AIMS This study explored the mediating roles of sense of security and social avoidance in the association between perceived discrimination and PSU among Chinese DHH students. METHOD Five hundred and seventy DHH students, selected through simple random sampling, participated in an online survey, which included measurements of perceived discrimination, sense of security, social avoidance, and PSU. The results were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 7.0. RESULTS (1) Perceived discrimination, sense of security, and social avoidance were significantly associated with PSU among DHH students; (2) sense of security and social avoidance played mediating roles separately in the association between perceived discrimination and PSU; (3) sense of security and social avoidance played serial mediating roles in the relationship between perceived discrimination and PSU. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that discriminatory experiences of DHH students are related to a relatively low sense of security and high social avoidance, which may lead to PSU. The results have important implications for the prevention of and intervention for PSU among DHH students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Guan
- College of Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Special Education, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Zhongshan Special Education School, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China
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Sirajudeen MS, Alzhrani M, Alanazi A, Alqahtani M, Waly M, Unnikrishnan R, Muthusamy H, Alrubaia W, Alanazi N, Seyam MK, Kashoo F, Miraj M, Channmgere Govindappa S, Alghamdi KA, Al-Hussinan NM. Prevalence of text neck posture, smartphone addiction, and its association with neck disorders among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14443. [PMID: 36540801 PMCID: PMC9760021 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The smartphone emerges as an inevitable gadget in modern society and its increased usage results in neck disorders among its users. However, the factors associated with neck disorders among smartphone users are ambiguous and less explored in the literature. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, and its association with neck disorders among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 313 university students who were aged 18 years and older, owned a smartphone, and used it during the preceding 12 months participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding the prevalence of text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, neck disorders, and the level of physical activity. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the prevalence of neck disorders and text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, and level of physical activity. The 12 months prevalence of neck disorders due to smartphone use among the participants was found to be 46%. The neck disorders were more prevalent among participants who reported text neck posture (P < 0.001) and categorized as smartphone-addicted/overuse (P < 0.001). Measures to promote the awareness of healthy use of smartphones including postural education and to decrease its screen time are warranted to reduce neck disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Msaad Alzhrani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Alqahtani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Waly
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hariraja Muthusamy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Alrubaia
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidaa Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed K. Seyam
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizan Kashoo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Miraj
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Ratan ZA, Parrish AM, Alotaibi MS, Hosseinzadeh H. Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and Its Association with Sociodemographic, Physical and Mental Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Young Adults of Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16583. [PMID: 36554468 PMCID: PMC9778917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Smartphones have made our lives easier and have become indispensable for everyday life; however, their uncontrolled and excessive use can trigger "smartphone addiction" (SA). SA is a rising public health issue, particularly among young people around the world. There is a dearth of empirical research about SA and its impacts on young adults, particularly in developing countries such as Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study is an attempt to fill this gap. The data were collected from 440 eligible young adults in Bangladesh using an online survey between July 2021 and February 2022. Study results revealed that 61.4% of the young adults were addicted to their smartphone. Logistic regression analysis showed that being male, aged ≤25, unemployed and living with a large family size (≥8) were the significant sociodemographic predictors of SA. Smartphone-addicted participants were more likely to be less physically active, suffer from insomnia, be overweight or obese and use their phones while driving, walking and eating. In addition, the SA group were more likely to have physical and mental well-being problems. This study brings to light significant implications for policy makers and indicates a need for an SA community awareness programme which aims to reduce SA at the societal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Anne-Maree Parrish
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Mohammad Saud Alotaibi
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Social Work, College of Social Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Hosseinzadeh
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Sirajudeen MS, Alzhrani M, Alanazi A, Alqahtani M, Waly M, Manzar MD, Hegazy FA, Mohd Jamali MNZ, Reddy RS, Kakaraparthi VN, Unnikrishnan R, Muthusamy H, Alrubaia W, Alanazi N, Kashoo FZ, Miraj M. Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Association with Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage among University Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122373. [PMID: 36553897 PMCID: PMC9777717 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their association with smartphone addiction and smartphone usage among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 313 university students aged 18 years and older who owned a smartphone and used it during the preceding 12 months participated in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of upper limb MSDs, smartphone addiction/overuse, and levels of physical activity were recorded using the standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, the smartphone addiction scale (short version), and the international physical activity questionnaire (short form), respectively. Data collection was performed on campus between March and May 2021. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the prevalence of upper limb MSDs and smartphone addiction/overuse and levels of physical activity. The 12-month prevalence of MSDs of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist/hand regions due to smartphone use among participants was found to be 20.13%, 5.11%, and 13.42%, respectively. Shoulder (odds ratio (OR) = 11.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.64−27.94, p < 0.001), elbow (OR = 15.38, 95% CI = 1.92−123.26, p = 0.01), and wrist/hand MSDs (OR = 7.65, 95% CI = 2.75−21.22, p < 0.001) were more prevalent among participants who were categorized as having smartphone addiction/overuse measures. Promoting awareness about the healthy use of smartphones, including postural education and decreasing screen time, is necessary to reduce smartphone-related MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Msaad Alzhrani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Alqahtani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Waly
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma A. Hegazy
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | | | - Ravi Shankar Reddy
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid Univesity, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid Univesity, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hariraja Muthusamy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Alrubaia
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidaa Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizan Zaffar Kashoo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Miraj
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
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Abo-Ali EA, Al-Ghanmi A, Hadad H, Etaiwi J, Bhutta K, Hadad N, Almilaibary A, Ghareeb WA, Sanad A, Zaytoun S. Problematic Smartphone Use: Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Health Sciences Students in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2022; 43:659-671. [PMID: 35838936 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive smartphone use leads to several physical and psychological disorders, particularly among young adults. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the associated factors of problematic smartphone use (PSU) among health sciences students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. During the 2019 academic year, a cross-sectional analytic study randomly recruited 408 health sciences students (67.5% were females), with a mean age of 20.5 ± 1.42. Data on sociodemographic and health profiles, smartphone usage patterns, and overuse symptoms were collected for each participant. The Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale were used to assess PSU and anxiety levels. PSU was detected in 66.9% of the study participants. The prevalence is high among both females and males (69.5 and 61.7%, respectively). PSU was found to be associated with more years of use and frequent smartphone upgrading (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.97) and (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.65), respectively (p = 0.021 and 0.021, respectively). Participants with moderate and severe anxiety levels were found to be more likely to have PSU (aOR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.05) and (aOR = 5.97, 95% CI: 2.41, 14.78), respectively. (p = 0.010 and < 0.001, respectively). PSU is an emerging problem among health sciences students in Saudi Arabia with a high prevalence in both genders. Longer years of use, more frequent smartphone upgrades, and higher anxiety levels are associated with PSU among health sciences students. Special health education and psychological support programs are recommended to guide and support future healthcare providers against the consequences of PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Abo-Ali
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
- Community Medicine Department, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amal Al-Ghanmi
- Final Year Student, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar Hadad
- Final Year Student, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumanah Etaiwi
- Final Year Student, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kainat Bhutta
- Final Year Student, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa Hadad
- Final Year Student, Medicine Program, Batterjee Health Sciences College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesssam A Ghareeb
- Neuro-Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Sanad
- Neuro-Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sameh Zaytoun
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of South Valley, Qena, Egypt
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18
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Ryu S, Jang H, Oh H. Smartphone Usage Patterns and Dietary Risk Factors in Adolescents. J Nutr 2022; 152:2109-2116. [PMID: 35511219 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas earlier studies have shown that traditional screen time such as TV watching influences dietary behaviors in adolescents, little is known about the effects of modern screen time such as smartphone use. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of smartphone usage duration and content type with dietary risk factors among adolescents. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using a nationally representative sample of 54,601 middle- and high-school students (aged 12-18 y; 26,928 boys and 27,673 girls) in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey 2017. Smartphone use (average duration and most frequently used content type) and dietary intakes [frequent breakfast skipping; less frequent intakes of fruits and vegetables; more frequent intakes of instant noodles, fast food, chips/crackers, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)] were self-reported via an online-based questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the associations of smartphone usage duration and content type with prevalence of dietary risk factors, adjusting for potential confounders. All analyses accounted for complex survey sampling. RESULTS Prolonged smartphone use (≥300 compared with 1-59 min/d) was associated with (OR; 95% CI) higher prevalence of frequent breakfast skipping (1.60; 1.45, 1.76); frequent intakes of instant noodles (1.65; 1.47, 1.84), fast food (1.36; 1.20, 1.53), and SSBs (1.92; 1.75, 2.11); and less frequent intakes of fruits (1.44; 1.30, 1.59) and vegetables (1.32; 1.18, 1.47). Adjusting for usage duration, using smartphones mainly for messenger/e-mail, social networking service (SNS)/forum, and games were associated with less frequent intakes of fruits (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.31; OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.40; and OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.32, respectively) and vegetables (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.37; OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.40; and OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.40, respectively) than was using smartphones for education/information search. Using smartphones mainly for messenger/e-mail (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.35) and SNS/forum (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.29) were also associated with more frequent intake of SSBs. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that both duration and content type of smartphone use are independently associated with dietary risk factors among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seaun Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajin Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Zhong Y, Ma H, Liang YF, Liao CJ, Zhang CC, Jiang WJ. Prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students: A meta-analysis of multinational observational studies. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1171-1183. [PMID: 35422151 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221089535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students may contribute to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. AIM To estimate the prevalence of smartphone addiction, and explore the influencing factors and related mental health symptoms of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE were searched for relevant literature from the inception to September 10, 2021. Using Stata software 11.0, the meta-analysis of prevalence and the influencing factors of smartphone addiction were determined with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Nineteen articles, published between 2014 and 2019, were included, producing medical student studies from seven different Asian countries. The included studies were conducted in India (n = 11) and Malaysia (n = 3), with China, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Nepal, and Iran each contributing one study. Among a total of 5,497 medical students, the participants included 3,214 females, of whom 2,181 were medical students with smartphone addiction. The prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students was 41.93% (95% CI [36.24%, 47.72%]). The influencing factors of smartphone addiction among medical students included gender, duration of smartphone use, smartphone function, and marital status. Ten studies (52.63%) explored related mental health symptoms of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students. Smartphone addiction was positively correlated with poor sleep quality (r = .17-.31), stress (r = .30-.40), anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and general health among Asian medical students. CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction is highly prevalent among Asian medical students. Smartphone addiction may adversely affect mental health, resulting in sleep disturbance, stress, anxiety, depression, and neuroticism. It is necessary to take appropriate precautionary actions and interventions to prevent smartphone overuse among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong
- Nursing Department, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Nursing Department, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Fen Liang
- Nursing Department, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang-Ju Liao
- Nursing Department, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Cui-Cui Zhang
- Nursing Department, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Jiang
- Nursing Department, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
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20
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Santander-Hernández FM, Peralta CI, Guevara-Morales MA, Díaz-Vélez C, Valladares-Garrido MJ. Smartphone overuse, depression & anxiety in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273575. [PMID: 36040873 PMCID: PMC9426930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical students have made particular use of smartphones during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although higher smartphone overuse has been observed, its effect on mental disorders is unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between smartphone overuse and mental disorders in Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 370 students aged between 16 and 41 years (median age: 20) in three universities from July to October 2020. A survey including Smartphone Dependence and Addiction Scale, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 was applied. Prevalence ratios were estimated using generalized linear models. RESULTS Smartphone overuse was a common feature among students (n = 291, 79%). Depressive symptoms were present in 290 (78%) students and anxiety symptoms in 255 (69%). Adjusted for confounders, addictive/dependent smartphone use was significantly associated with presence of depressive symptoms (PR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.20-1.38 for dependent use; PR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12-1.50 for addictive use). Also, addictive/dependent smartphone use was significantly associated with presence of anxiety symptoms (PR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14-2.23 for dependent use; PR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07-2.41 for addictive use). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that medical students exposed to smartphone overuse are vulnerable to mental disorders. Overuse may reflect an inappropriate way of finding emotional relief, which may significantly affect quality of life and academic performance. Findings would assist faculties to establish effective measures for prevention of smartphone overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor M. Santander-Hernández
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo filial Piura, Universidad Cesar Vallejo filial Piura, Piura, Peru
| | - C. Ichiro Peralta
- Facultad de Medicina Hipólito Unanue, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel A. Guevara-Morales
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo filial Piura, Universidad Cesar Vallejo filial Piura, Piura, Peru
| | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación–IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Peru
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21
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Al-Mohaimeed A, Alharbi M, Mahmud I. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Problematic Use of Smartphones Among Adults in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e37451. [PMID: 35604756 PMCID: PMC9171592 DOI: 10.2196/37451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) ranks third globally in smartphone use. Smartphones have made many aspects of life easier. However, the overuse of smartphones is associated with physical and psychosocial problems. Objective The aim of this paper is to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of problematic use of smartphones among adults in the Qassim region of KSA. Methods We enrolled 715 participants using cluster random sampling for this cross-sectional survey. We assessed the problematic use of smartphones using the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale. Results We estimated the prevalence of problematic smartphone use among adults at 64% (453/708). Multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that students are 3 times more likely to demonstrate problematic use compared with unemployed individuals (P=.03); adults using more than five apps are 2 times more likely to demonstrate problematic use compared to those using a maximum of three apps (P=.007). Protective factors against problematic smartphone use include using apps for academic (odds ratio [OR] 0.66; P=.04) or religious needs (OR 0.55; P=.007) and having a monthly family income of 5001-10,000 SAR (Saudi Riyal; US $1300-$2700; OR 0.46; P=.01) or 10,001-20,000 SAR (US $2700-$5400; OR 0.51; P=.03) compared to the <1501 SAR (US $400) income group. Conclusions We reported a very high prevalence of problematic use of smartphones in KSA. Considering its negative impact on physical and psychosocial health, public health programs should develop preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alharbi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilias Mahmud
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia
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Alotaibi MS, Fox M, Coman R, Ratan ZA, Hosseinzadeh H. Perspectives and Experiences of Smartphone Overuse among University Students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074397. [PMID: 35410077 PMCID: PMC8998548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone overuse and addiction is a growing concern worldwide. However, there are limited studies about smartphone addiction and its impacts on university students in Saudi Arabia. This qualitative study aimed to elicit students’ and university staff’s perspectives and experiences about smartphone overuse/addiction in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia. Fifteen undergraduate students and 18 university staff (13 lecturers and five professionals) were recruited for the purpose of this study. The study data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The qualitative data comprising 33 participants (students and staff) identified four major themes including the perception of smartphone use; causes of smartphone overuse; negative impacts of smartphone overuse; and strategies to reduce the overuse of smartphone. The overall findings confirmed that students and staff alike held both positive and negative perceptions about using a smartphone. Potential factors leading to smartphone overuse included personal factors (extended free time and low self-confidence, irresponsibility/escaping certain social gatherings/passing the time); smartphone factors (reasonable price, attractive advertisements (ads), and engaging smartphone Apps); and social factors (social pressure and fear of losing a connection). The main negative impacts of smartphone overuse were found to be related to low academic productivity, poor physical health (body pain, lack of sleep, and low exercise), compromised mental well-being (stress and negative emotions), and decreased socialisation (social isolation and a reduction in face-to-face communication). Our findings suggested that awareness campaigns about smartphone overuse, promoting family and social events, encouraging physical activities, and limiting internet use can reduce smartphone usage among university students. This finding has significant implications for decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saud Alotaibi
- Department of Social Work, College of Social Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Mim Fox
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Robyn Coman
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Hassan Hosseinzadeh
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Alotaibi MS, Fox M, Coman R, Ratan ZA, Hosseinzadeh H. Smartphone Addiction Prevalence and Its Association on Academic Performance, Physical Health, and Mental Well-Being among University Students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063710. [PMID: 35329397 PMCID: PMC8954621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone use can lead to smartphone addiction, which is a growing concern worldwide. However, there are limited studies about smartphone addiction and its impacts on university students in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to fill this gap. This is a quantitative study conducted among undergraduate students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia from May 2019 and February 2021. Study data were collected using both online and hard copy administered surveys. A self-administered questionnaire, Grade point average, Smartphone Addiction Short Version, and Kessler Psychological Distress scales were used to assess the outcomes. A total of 545 undergraduate students, mostly females, aged ≤21 years old and lived with large family sizes. More than half owned a smartphone for 5–8 years and the majority used their smartphone on average 6–11 h per day for social networking (82.6%), entertainment (66.2%) and web surfing (59.6%). Most of the participants were smartphone-addicted (67.0%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≤ 21, not gainfully employed, small family size and high family income were the main significant socio-demographic predictors of smartphone addiction. Smartphone-addicted participants were more likely to: have lower academic performance (GPA); be physically inactive; have poor sleep; be overweight/obese; have pain in their shoulder (39.2%), eyes (62.2%) and neck (67.7%) and have a serious mental illness (30.7%). This finding has significant implications for decision makers and suggests that smartphone education focusing on the physical and mental health consequences of smartphone addiction among university students can be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saud Alotaibi
- Department of Social Work, College of Social Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Mim Fox
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Robyn Coman
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Hassan Hosseinzadeh
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
- Correspondence:
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION, PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND ANXIETY IN MIDWIFERY STUDENTS RECEIVING DISTANCE EDUCATION. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH AND POLICY 2021. [DOI: 10.33457/ijhsrp.988813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Hosen I, Al Mamun F, Sikder MT, Abbasi AZ, Zou L, Guo T, Mamun MA. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Problematic Smartphone Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bangladeshi Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:3797-3805. [PMID: 34548828 PMCID: PMC8448157 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s325126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been increasing hastily in recent decades, and it has become inseparable during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among the students who are at risk of problematic smartphone use. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of PSU during the COVID-19 pandemic among the Bangladeshi students. Methods A total of 601 Bangladeshi students were recruited through an online-based cross-sectional survey that was conducted between October 7 and November 2, 2020. The survey collected information related to socio-demographics, behavioral health, internet use behaviors, depression, anxiety, and PSU. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to present the relationship between the studied variables and PSU. Multiple linear regression analysis was also used for investigating the explanatory power of the predictive models for PSU. Results Surprisingly, about 86.9% of the students scored to be problematic smartphone users (≥21 out of a total 36 based on the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale). In addition, medical students, engaging in a relationship, performing less physical activity, longer duration of internet use, some sorts of internet use purpose (eg, messaging, watching videos, using social media), depression, and anxiety were significantly associated with higher scores of PSU. After adjusting all the studied variables, the final model explained a 31.3% variance predicting PSU. Conclusion The present study is one of the first approaches to assess the prevalence of PSU among the Bangladeshi students during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the addiction level was superfluous (and this may be due to more online engagement related to the pandemic). Thus, the study recommended strategies or policies related to the students' risk-reducing and healthy use of smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Al Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amir Zaib Abbasi
- Department of Management Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Guo
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Indrakusuma AABP, Sayoga IMA, Surya SC, Indrayani AW, Artini IGA. The Association between Smartphone Addiction and Insomnia Incidence in Students of the Faculty of Medicine Udayana University Batch of 2020 during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The use of smartphones is increasing in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic for various purposes, this encourages smartphone addiction. In addition, the incidence of insomnia has also increased in the pandemic era.
AIM: This study was conducted to find an association between smartphone addiction and the incidence of insomnia, especially among students of the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University.
METHOD: This research is a descriptive-analytic study with the cross-sectional method, using two main questionnaires, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and Insomnia Severity Index. Questionnaires were distributed using Google forms and then collected and analyzed using software SPSS version 25.
RESULT: Overall the total research respondents with the inclusion criteria in this study amounted to 364 people. The results showed that 212 respondents (58.24%) had a high level of smartphone addiction and 152 respondents (41.76%) had a low level of smartphone addiction. In addition, 187 respondents (51.37%) experienced mild insomnia, 87 respondents (23.9%) experienced moderate insomnia, 13 respondents (3.57%) experienced severe insomnia, and 77 respondents (21.15%) did not experience insomnia. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that smartphone addiction had a significant relationship (p = 0.002) with weak and positive correlation (r = 0.162) to the incidence of insomnia.
CONCLUSION: It was found that the majority of respondents experienced high levels of smartphone addiction and mild insomnia. Another finding suggests the higher addiction to the smartphones, the more severe insomnia suffered.
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Relationship between eating disorders and internet and smartphone addiction in college students. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1853-1862. [PMID: 33034868 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was planned and conducted to determine the relation between eating behavior disorder and smartphones and the internet in college students. METHODS This research was performed on a total of 437 college students, including 116 males and 321 females. A questionnaire questioning the general characteristics (age, sex, department, socioeconomic status, skipping meal, number of main meals and snacks in a day, sleeping duration, doing physical activity, height, and body weight) of students was used. In addition, Eating Attitude Test-40 (EAT-40), Young's Internet Addiction Scale, and Smartphone Addiction Scale were used to measure eating behavior disorders, internet addiction, and smartphone addiction, respectively. Height and body weight were measured in accordance with the method. RESULTS 12.6% of the students participating in the study were at risk for eating disorders. Female students had higher EAT-40 scores than male students. 13% of students had potential internet addiction. According to Pearson chi-square test, the prevalence of potential internet addiction (36.4%) in students with eating disorder was higher than those without eating disorder (9.7%) (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analyses displayed that Smartphone Addiction Test score associated positively with EAT-40 score (r = 0.277) and Internet Addiction Test score (r = 0.665) and students' body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.121). In addition to these, students' duration of staying on the internet correlated with their BMI (r = 0.137). Males had a higher rate of potential internet addiction than females (22.4% in males and 9.7% in females, respectively) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present results suggest that students' duration of using the internet affects smartphone addiction and internet addiction, both of which influence eating behavior disorder. In addition, both smartphone and internet addiction and eating behavior disorder correlated positively and significantly with overweight. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V: cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Çatıker A, Büyüksoy GDB, Özdi L K. Is there a relationship between nursing students' smartphone use, their fear of missing out and their care-related behaviour? Nurse Educ Pract 2021; 54:103111. [PMID: 34118778 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to determine the relationship between smartphone use among intern nursing students, fear of missing out and their care-related behaviour. BACKGROUND Today, smartphone use is common and fear of missing out is a prominent issue in our society; this behaviour and issue are linked and may lead to adverse consequences. DESIGN The study is conducted as a cross-sectional design. METHODS The target population in this research consists of senior nursing students (n = 101). There was no sampling selection and the study was completed with 97 students who agreed to participate in the research. Data were collected with introductory questionnaire forms, the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs) and the Caring Assessment Questionnaire (Care-Q). The valid and reliable SAS, FoMOs and Care-Q were transformed into online forms and the link was distributed to the participants via online Google forms. RESULTS Based on the results of the study, the mean scores were 83.30 ± 2.21 of SAS, 21.56 ± 6.42 for FOMOs and 5.54 ± 0.87 for Care-Q scale. There were statistically significant differences between gender and Care-Q score and between the duration of smartphone use, daily smartphone usage time and SAS score (p < 0.05). There was a weak positive relationship between SAS and FoMOs scale scores, along with a weak negative relationship between the accessibility and comfort sub-dimensions of the SAS and Care-Q scale. Also, the SAS score explains 0.4% of the comfort subscale of the Care-Q scale (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Further research focusing on nursing students is recommended to identify potential adverse effects created by the use of smartphones and the fear of missing out. In addition, educators are recommended to develop guidelines and prepare new policies for smartphone use to minimise the potential negative effects of smartphone use and fear of missing out on student care behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çatıker
- Department of Nursing, Ordu University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu, Turkey.
| | | | - Kamuran Özdi L
- Aged Care Program, Nevsehir Haci Bektaş Veli University, Health Services Vocational School, Nevşehir, Turkey.
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Sönmez M, Gürlek Kısacık Ö, Eraydın C. Correlation between smartphone addiction and loneliness levels in nursing students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:82-87. [PMID: 32424870 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the correlation between smartphone addiction and loneliness levels in nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS The study has a descriptive and cross-sectional study design and was carried out with 682 nursing students. In the study, a "Student Information Form", the "Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form", and the "University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale" were used. FINDINGS The study found that nursing students had moderate scores for smartphone addiction and lonelinessand that there was a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and loneliness. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Nursing students are at risk of smartphone addiction and this may lead to negative psychosocial effects. Considering these results, interventions should be planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münevver Sönmez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Bülent Ecevit University of Health Science, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Öznur Gürlek Kısacık
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Afyonkarahisar Health Science University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Canan Eraydın
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Bülent Ecevit University of Health Science, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Busch PA, McCarthy S. Antecedents and consequences of problematic smartphone use: A systematic literature review of an emerging research area. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Saito K, Saito Y. Relationship between Information and Communication Device Usage and Development of Hand Disorders. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2021; 58:469580211029607. [PMID: 34229528 PMCID: PMC8267032 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211029607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between hand disorders and time spent using information and communication devices. The participants in this study, conducted between January 2017 and 2020, were 150 healthy university students. They were tested for carpal tunnel syndrome and De Quervain’s tenosynovitis. Average daily device usage time was found to be 5.76 ± 3.00 (1.9-16.2) h. Smartphones were used the most, followed by personal computers and gaming consoles. However, usage time did not vary significantly by device type. Intensive users were significantly more likely to have De Quervain’s tenosynovitis (P < .001), while non-intensive users were significantly less likely to have hand disorders (P < .001) and less likely to have De Quervain’s tenosynovitis. These results can form the basis of guidelines for the prevention of information and communication device overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Saito
- Tokyo Kasei University, Sayama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saito
- Fuchinobe General Hospital, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
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Al-Shahrani MS. Smartphone addiction among medical students in Bisha, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:5916-5920. [PMID: 33681019 PMCID: PMC7928136 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1205_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Smartphones are quickly becoming the most pervasive technological device on the planet. AIMS This study aims to assess smartphone addiction and the factors associated with it among medical students. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This study was carried out in Bisha, Saudi Arabia, following a cross-sectional study design. METHODS AND MATERIAL The data collection tool comprised a self-administered questionnaire. The validated Problematic Use of Mobile Phones (PUMP) scale was used. The PUMP score was calculated by summing up the scores for the individual questions such that higher scores indicate higher levels of addiction. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to observe the linear relationship between the PUMP scale total score and the quantitative study variables. RESULTS The mean total PUMP score was 61.55, with a standard deviation of 13.16. The correlation coefficient between daily hours of smartphone usage and total PUMP score was 0.39, with a statistically significant P value (P < 0.0001). The correlation coefficient between smartphone use for games and total PUMP score was 0.19, with a statistically significant P value (P = 0.009). The correlation coefficient between GPA scores and total PUMP scores was -0.21, with a statistically significant P value (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students in Bisha city. There is a significant positive correlation between daily hours of smartphone usage and total PUMP score. Playing games on smartphones is significantly associated with smartphone addiction. There is a significant negative correlation relation between GPA score and total PUMP score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Al-Shahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Khlaiwi TM, Habib SS, Meo SA, Alqhtani MS, Ogailan AA. The association of smart mobile phone usage with cognitive function impairment in Saudi adult population. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:1628-1633. [PMID: 33235587 PMCID: PMC7674882 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.7.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Excessive use of mobile phones has raised a great concern about adverse health effects on human health. The present study’s aim was to investigate the association of the usage of smartphones with cognitive function impairment in the Saudi adult population. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during September 2019 to January 2020. A total of 251 Saudi adults who were using mobile phones were recruited, and knowledge, attitude and practices were assessed by interview using a predesigned proforma. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) tool was employed to assess the cognitive functions, comparison was made between daily mobile phone usage group and their correlated Montreal Cognitive Score (MOCA). Results: The mean age for 251 Saudi adult participants was 32.43 ± 12.8 years. More than 80% of the participants used their mobile phone for more than two hours daily. About 61% of the participants were not aware of the side effect of the radiation generated from mobile phone. The participants showed a decrease in MOCA score with increased daily mobile phone usage (MOCA=26.8 for <1 hour daily usage, 26.1 for 1-2 hours, and 24.6 for >2 hours with P< 0.05). In addition, participants showed decreased MOCA score by keeping their mobile phone near their pillow while sleeping; MOCA=24.35 for near pillow groups and >25.5 for the groups that placed their mobile phone away from the pillow. Conclusions: Excessive use of mobile phones can cause cognitive function impairment. Strict policies must be implemented to control the use of smartphones in order to minimize the effects on mobile phone radiation on cognition. The media has to be on the forefront in educating the public about the proper usage of mobile phones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir M Al-Khlaiwi
- Thamir M. Al-Khlaiwi Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shahid Habib
- Syed Shahid Habib Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Sultan Ayoub Meo Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alqhtani
- Mohammed S Alqhtani Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Saud University
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Brubaker JR, Swan A, Beverly EA. A brief intervention to reduce burnout and improve sleep quality in medical students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:345. [PMID: 33023594 PMCID: PMC7539390 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived stress, burnout, and poor sleep quality are high among medical students. Interventions designed to target these issues are necessary to promote the health and well-being of medical students. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to assess the feasibility of implementing a sunrise alarm clock intervention with medical students and 2) to evaluate the impact of the intervention on perceived stress, burnout scores, and sleep quality. METHODS We conducted a feasibility study to evaluate the efficacy of a two-week, sunrise alarm clock intervention in combination with electronic device removal at bedtime. We assessed first- and second-year medical students' perceived stress, burnout scores, including Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Low Sense of Personal Achievement, and sleep quality before and after the intervention. In addition, we measured smartphone addiction prior to the intervention. RESULTS A total of 57 students consented to participate, of which 55 completed both the pre- and post-assessments (3.5% attrition). The mean age of the participants was 24.8 ± 1.9 years, 50.9% (n = 29) identified as women, and 68.4% (n = 39) identified as white. Pre-intervention, 42.1% (n = 24) of students met criteria for smartphone addiction and 77.2% (n = 44) met criteria for poor sleep quality. In addition, 22.8% (n = 13) of participants had high emotional exhaustion, 64.9% (n = 31) high depersonalization, and 42.1% (n = 24) low sense of personal accomplishment prior to the intervention. Following the two-week intervention, participants showed improvements in emotional exhaustion (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.353), depersonalization (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.411) low sense of personal accomplishment (p = 0.023, Cohen's d = 0.275), perceived stress (p < .001, Cohen's d = .334), and sleep quality (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.925). The number of participants who reported poor sleep quality decreased to 41.8% (n = 23), demonstrating a significant decline (p = 0.026). Participants also improved subjective sleep quality (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.033), sleep duration (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.431), sleep latency (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.433), and sleep efficiency (p = 0.021, Cohen's d = 0.673). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the two-week sunrise alarm clock protocol with electronic device removal was effective in improving sleep quality and reducing burnout scores, and perceived stress. However, additional research comparing this intervention to a proper control group is needed to draw meaningful conclusions about the effectiveness of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Brubaker
- Department of Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Aili Swan
- Department of Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beverly
- Department of Primary Care, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
- Heritage Faculty Endowed Fellowship in Behavioral DiabetesOHF Ralph S. Licklider, D.O., Research Endowment, Athens, USA.
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Lei LYC, Ismail MAA, Mohammad JAM, Yusoff MSB. The relationship of smartphone addiction with psychological distress and neuroticism among university medical students. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:97. [PMID: 32917268 PMCID: PMC7488412 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphone plays a vital role in higher education as it serves as a device with multiple functions. Smartphone addiction was reported on the rise among college and university students. The addiction may result in unwanted consequences on their academic performance and psychological health. One factor that consistently relates to psychological distress and smartphone addiction is the neurotic personality trait. This study explored the relationship of smartphone addiction with psychological health and neuroticism among USM medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on medical students in a public medical school. DASS-21, the neuroticism-subscale of USMaP-i and SAS-SV were administered to measure psychological distress, neuroticism, and smartphone addiction of the medical students. Spearman correlation was performed to examine the correlation between smartphone addiction with psychological distress and neuroticism. Simple linear regression was performed to investigate relationship factors of smartphone addiction. Results A total of 574 medical students participated in this study. The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 40.6%. It was higher among male (49.2%) compared to female (36.6%) medical students. The result showed a fair positive correlation between smartphone addiction and psychological health (rdepression = 0.277, p-value < 0.001; ranxiety = 0.312, p-value < 0.001; rstress = 0.329, p-value < 0.001). However, there was a poor positive correlation between smartphone addiction and neuroticism (r = 0.173, p-value < 0.001). The simple linear regression showed a significant increase in the levels of depression, anxiety, stress and neuroticism upon one unit increase in smartphone addiction (bdepression = 0.101, p-value < 0.001; banxiety = 0.120, p-value < 0.001; bstress = 0.132, p-value < 0.001; bneuroticism = 0.404, p-value < 0.05). These results indicated significant relationships between smartphone addiction, psychological health and neuroticism. Conclusion This study suggested a high prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students, particularly in male medical students. The smartphone addiction might lead to psychological problems and the most vulnerable group is the medical student with the neurotic personality trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Yik-Chuan Lei
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Muhd Al-Aarifin Ismail
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
| | - Jamilah Al-Muhammady Mohammad
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Awasthi S, Kaur A, Solanki HK, Pamei G, Bhatt M. Smartphone use and the quality of life of medical students in the Kumaun Region, Uttarakhand. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4252-4258. [PMID: 33110841 PMCID: PMC7586620 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_805_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Once a device for telecommunication, now a powerful device bringing the whole world in one's palm, smartphones are increasingly becoming a common commodity among the medical students. Smartphones foster social interaction and facilitate multitasking and learning, but they also have some adverse effects. Young people, especially students, who are always inquisitive towards new technology, are likely to be affected by both these positive and negative impacts. Objective: To assess smartphone use and its association with the quality of life (QOL) of medical students. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the undergraduate medical students of Government Medical College (GMC), Haldwani. All the students enrolled in MBBS course in GMC, Haldwani, who gave consent for participation and were present on the day of questionnaire administration, were included in the study. Smartphone addiction scale (SAS-SV), and WHO-BREF questionnaires for QOL were used for assessing smartphone use, and QOL of the medical students, respectively. Results: A total of 395 medical students were included in the study; out of them, 42% considered themselves addicted to the smartphone. According to SAS-SV, smartphone addiction was found among 43.8% medical students. It was seen that the junior-most and senior-most batches were significantly less addicted to the smartphone (p-value < 0.001). Male students were more addicted (OR = 1.45, CI = 0.962–2.174) to the smartphone as compared to females. The QOL of the students was significantly affected by smartphone use in all domains assessed (p-value ranging from < 0.001 to 0.002). Conclusions: Smartphone addiction is high among medical students and it has a significant negative impact on their QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Awasthi
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine, AIIMS, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Hariom Kumar Solanki
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, GB Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaihemlung Pamei
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Maneesh Bhatt
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
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Alkhateeb A, Alboali R, Alharbi W, Saleh O. Smartphone addiction and its complications related to health and daily activities among university students in Saudi Arabia: A multicenter study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3220-3224. [PMID: 33102273 PMCID: PMC7567211 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1224_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aims of this study were to study the prevalence of smartphones addiction among college and university students in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and to determine the risk factors and complications associated with smartphone addiction. Method: This study was conducted in all provinces of KSA from December 2015 to June 2016 by sending questionnaire to student clubs of various universities through Survey Monkey. Questionnaire included (1) sociodemographics, (2) smartphone usage patterns and addiction behavior, (3) impact of smartphone usage on driving and medical complications, and (4) smartphone addiction scale. Result: The total number of participants was 1941 (response rate 80.9%) students representing most of the provinces of Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of smartphones addiction was 19.1%. Female participants were more addicted than male participants (P < 0.001). Smartphone addition was also significantly associated with musculoskeletal complication, upper limb, eyes and sleep complications. Conclusion: High frequent usage with prolonged duration of smartphone was associated with high risk to addiction. Furthermore, smartphone addiction had significant impact on performing daily activities, sleeping disorder, and health problems. Awareness about harm of smartphones addiction is required to provide to students and parents as well. Smartphones should not be given at younger age and it only be given when a child can differentiate its healthy and productive use from addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alkhateeb
- Family Medicine Specialist, Ministry of Health, Alkhobar PHC, Ministry of Health, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Alboali
- Family Medicine Specialist, Ministry of Health, Abqaiq PHC, Ministry of Health, Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Alharbi
- Family Medicine Consultant, Ministry of Health, Alkhobar PHC, Ministry of Health, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olfat Saleh
- Family Medicine Consultant, Ministry of Health, Alkhobar PHC, Ministry of Health, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
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Baig M, Gazzaz ZJ, Farouq M. Blended Learning: The impact of blackboard formative assessment on the final marks and students' perception of its effectiveness. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:327-332. [PMID: 32292428 PMCID: PMC7150402 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.3.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the impact of Blackboard (Bb) formative assessment on the final score in the endocrine module and determine the medical students’ perception of the impact and effectiveness of Bb. Methods: This exploratory case study was carried out at the King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA). Blackboard was used in the course management and formative assessment of third-year medical students and three years of data was collected (2016, 2017, 2019). In the last week of the module before the final exam, a formative assessment test that comprised of 50 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) was posted on Bb each year. All the students filled a questionnaire regarding their perception about the impact and effectiveness of Bb. Results: Overall, summative exam scores were significantly higher than the scores in formative assessment (p <0.001). A substantial positive correlation was observed between students’ marks in the online (Bb) MCQ exam and their final exam marks (p <0.001). Regarding the features of Bb, most often used by the students’ were course resources uploaded on the Bb, assignments, online quizzes, and others. Majority of the students were satisfied with the use of Bb in this module. Conclusions: The majority of the students liked this blended learning (BL) method and conceded the impact and effectiveness of Bb. The formative online assessment on Bb improved the students’ performance in the final exam and a positive correlation was noted between students’ marks in online (Bb) exams with their final exam marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtiar Baig
- Dr. Mukhtiar Baig, Ph.D. Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Assessment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohair Jamil Gazzaz
- Dr. Zohair Jamil Gazzaz, Ph.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Farouq
- Dr. Mohammed Farouq, ABP. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Brubaker JR, Beverly EA. Burnout, Perceived Stress, Sleep Quality, and Smartphone Use: A Survey of Osteopathic Medical Students. J Osteopath Med 2020; 120:6-17. [DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2020.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Burnout is a psychological syndrome that results from prolonged exposure to stressful work activities and includes 3 dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and low sense of personal accomplishment (PA). Burnout is a widespread problem in numerous professions but is particularly high among medical students, residents, and early-career physicians compared with college graduates of similar age. However, minimal research has addressed burnout in osteopathic medical students.
Objective
To assess levels of burnout in osteopathic medical students and to examine the relationship among burnout, perceived stress, sleep quality, and smartphone use.
Methods
This study used a cross-sectional study design and an anonymous, electronic questionnaire service to administer the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale-4, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version.
Results
A total of 385 participants (mean [SD] age, 25 [2.4] years; 208 [54.0%] women; 286 [74.3%] white; 138 [35.8%] second-year osteopathic medical students [OMSs]) completed the survey. Of the 385 participants, 9 (2.3%) reported high EE, 67 (17.4) reported high DP, and 310 (80.5) reported a high level of low PA. When comparing dimensions of burnout by gender, only levels of PA differed by gender, with men reporting higher levels of burnout compared with women (χ1
2=5.2, P=.022). Further, levels of DP differed by year in medical school (χ2=17.3, P=.008), with post-hoc comparisons showing differences between OMS I and OMS III (F=4.530, df=3, P=.004). Linear regression models showed that higher perceived stress (standardized β=0.5, P<.001), poorer sleep quality (standardized β=0.2, P=.001), and higher smartphone addiction scores (standardized β=0.1, P<.001) were associated with higher EE. Similarly, higher perceived stress (standardized β=0.2, P<.001), poorer sleep quality (standardized β=0.2, P=.001), and higher smartphone addiction scores (standardized β=0.2, P=.001) were associated with higher DP. Only higher perceived stress was associated with higher levels of low PA (standardized β=−0.4, P<.001).
Conclusions
These findings suggest independent associations with EE, DP, perceived stress, sleep quality, and smartphone use. Additional research with a larger, more diverse sample is needed to confirm these findings. If confirmed, wellness interventions can be designed to target 2 modifiable factors: sleep quality and smartphone use.
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Alsalameh AM, Harisi MJ, Alduayji MA, Almutham AA, Mahmood FM. Evaluating the relationship between smartphone addiction/overuse and musculoskeletal pain among medical students at Qassim University. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2953-2959. [PMID: 31681674 PMCID: PMC6820402 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_665_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smartphone use has greatly increased in recent days, and most of the daily tasks are done through these devices. As a result, long time use may involve bad posture that may result in musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the association between addiction/overuse of smartphones and musculoskeletal pain. Aim: To determine the prevalence of addictive/overuse of smartphones among medical students and to investigate if there is an association between smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal pain. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted at Qassim University, medical college. The Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) was used to measure the level of smartphone addiction while the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ) was utilized to evaluate the musculoskeletal pain. Results: The prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students was relatively high (60.3%). The most frequent pain related to smartphone addiction was in the neck (60.8%), followed by lower back (46.8%), shoulder (40.0%). The academic year level was statistically associated with the level of smartphone addiction. Moreover, we found a significant relationship between musculoskeletal pain and smartphone addiction at certain body regions, neck, wrist/hand and knees, Other musculoskeletal parameters included in the test were found to have no statistically significant association. Conclusion: More than half of the medical students identified as addicted to smartphones. The most common musculoskeletal pain was the neck, lower back, and shoulder. The academic year level found to have a significant association with the level of smartphone addiction while musculoskeletal pain such as neck, wrist, and knee were the independent significant factors of smartphone addiction; therefore, it is important to educate the community about the effect of being addicted to smartphone use in order to prevent the consequences of this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Farid M Mahmood
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Mulida, Saudi Arabia
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Pedrero-Pérez EJ, Morales-Alonso S, Rodríguez-Rives E, Díaz-Olalla JM, Álvarez-Crespo B, Benítez-Robredo MT. Smartphone Nonusers: Associated Sociodemographic and Health Variables. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2019; 22:597-603. [PMID: 31464519 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone abuse and the associated consequences have been intensely studied. However, little attention has been given to the group of people who have a smartphone and yet barely use it. One might think that they are at the opposite end of abuse, both behaviorally and in relation to the consequences. This study aims to establish sociodemographic variables and health indicators for smartphone nonusers. A population survey through random stratified sampling in a large city (Madrid, Spain) obtained 6,820 people between 15 and 65 years who own a smartphone. About 7.5 percent (n = 511) stated they do not use their smartphone regularly. This group comprised more of men than of women with a higher mean age, underprivileged social class, residence in less-developed districts, and a lower education level. They showed worse mental health indicators, lower perceived quality of life relating to their health, more sedentarism, and greater tendency toward being overweight/obese and a higher feeling of loneliness. When looking at all these variables together, the regression model showed that in addition to sex, age, social class, and education level, the only significantly associated health indicator was a feeling of loneliness. Mobile phone abuse is associated with health problems, but nonregular use does not reflect the opposite. It is important to study the group of nonusers and explore the reasons and related consequences, particularly the role of perceived loneliness, which is paradoxical as a smartphone is a tool that can foster interpersonal contact.
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Dey M, Studer J, Schaub MP, Gmel G, Ebert DD, Lee JYC, Haug S. Problematic smartphone use in young Swiss men: Its association with problematic substance use and risk factors derived from the pathway model. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:326-334. [PMID: 31079472 PMCID: PMC7044551 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aimed to examine associations between risk factors suggested in the pathway model proposed by Billieux et al., demographic and substance use variables, and problematic smartphone use (PSU). METHODS The analytical sample consisted of 5,096 Swiss men (mean age = 25.5 years, SD = 1.26). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted with PSU as dependent and the following as independent variables: (a) Billieux's pathway model variables (depression, social anxiety, ADHD, aggression-hostility, and sensation seeking); (b) substance use variables [alcohol: at-risk risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD); at-risk volume drinking; tobacco use: daily smoking; illicit drug use: more than weekly cannabis use; having used at least one other illicit drug besides cannabis over the preceding 12 months]; and (c) sociodemographic variables (age, language region, and education). RESULTS All pathway-model variables except sensation seeking were significant predictors of PSU, especially symptoms of social anxiety (β = 0.196) and ADHD (β = 0.184). At-risk RSOD was positively (β = 0.071) associated with PSU, whereas both frequent cannabis use (β = -0.060) and daily cigarette smoking (β = -0.035) were negatively associated with PSU. Higher-achieved educational levels and being from the German-speaking part of Switzerland predicted PSU. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study can be used to develop tailored interventional programs that address the co-occurrence of certain risky behaviors (e.g., at-risk RSOD and PSU) and target individuals who might be particularly prone to PSU. Such interventions would need to ensure that addressing one problem (e.g., decreasing PSU) does not lead to some other compensatory behavior (e.g., frequent cigarette smoking).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Dey
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Corresponding author: Michelle Dey; Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland; Phone: +41 44 448 11 90; Fax: +41 44 448 11 70; E-mail:
| | - Joseph Studer
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Patrick Schaub
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jenny Yi-Chen Lee
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Haug
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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