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Töhönen V, Antonson P, Boggavarapu NR, Ali H, Motaholi LA, Gustafsson JÅ, Varshney M, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Katayama S, Nalvarte I, Inzunza J. Transcriptomic profiling of the oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complex from estrogen receptor β knockout mice. F&S SCIENCE 2024:S2666-335X(24)00056-9. [PMID: 39168303 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of estrogen receptor β in follicle development and maturation and the response to gonadotropin stimulation aiming at superovulation. DESIGN Experimental study and transcriptomic analysis. SETTING Karolinka Institutet, medical university. ANIMAL(S) Healthy wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor β knockout (Esr2-KO) female mice undergoing superovulation at 4 weeks, 7 weeks, and 6 months of age. INTERVENTION(S) Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Oocyte yield after superovulation, transcriptomic profiling of cumulus-granulosa cell complexes and oocytes, and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULT(S) Superovulation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) knockout mice resulted in reduced oocyte yield at 6 months of age compared with WT mice, but younger mice had similar yields. RNA-seq analysis of cumulus cells from superovulated WT and Esr2-KO mice identified genes and pathways associated with among others adhesion, proliferation, Wnt-signaling, and placed ERβ in bipotential granulosa cell cluster. Loss of ERβ increased expression of the other estrogen receptors Esr1 and Gper1. CONCLUSION(S) Our results show that ERβ has an important role in regulating ovulation in response to exogenous gonadotropins in 6-month-old mice, but not in younger mice. Our transcriptomic and immunohistochemical observations suggest a dysregulation of the granulosa cell communication and lack of tight coordination between granulosa cell replication and antrum expansion. A significant upregulation of other estrogen receptors may support a compensatory mechanism sustaining fertility during younger age in Esr2-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Töhönen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Antonson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Heba Ali
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mukesh Varshney
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kenny A Rodriguez-Wallberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Fertility Preservation, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Gynecology and Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jose Inzunza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Heijmans N, Wiese KE, Jonkers J, van Amerongen R. Transcriptomic Analysis of Pubertal and Adult Virgin Mouse Mammary Epithelial and Stromal Cell Populations. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2024; 29:13. [PMID: 38916673 PMCID: PMC11199289 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-024-09565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Conflicting data exist as to how mammary epithelial cell proliferation changes during the reproductive cycle. To study the effect of endogenous hormone fluctuations on gene expression in the mouse mammary gland, we performed bulk RNAseq analyses of epithelial and stromal cell populations that were isolated either during puberty or at different stages of the adult virgin estrous cycle. Our data confirm prior findings that proliferative changes do not occur in every mouse in every cycle. We also show that during the estrous cycle the main gene expression changes occur in adipocytes and fibroblasts. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the Wnt gene expression landscape in different mammary gland cell types in pubertal and adult mice. This work contributes to understanding the effects of physiological hormone fluctuations and locally produced signaling molecules on gene expression changes in the mammary gland during the reproductive cycle and should be a useful resource for future studies investigating gene expression patterns in different cell types across different developmental timepoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Heijmans
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katrin E Wiese
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée van Amerongen
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Li H, Ren C, Lu J, Xu S, Gong X, Zhang W, Yan X, Ye J, Qin P, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Fang F. Knockdown of lncRNA Meg3 delays the onset of puberty in female rats. Theriogenology 2023; 207:72-81. [PMID: 37269598 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how lncRNA Meg3 affects the onset of puberty in female rats. We determined Meg3 expression in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis of female rats at the infancy, prepubertal, pubertal, and adult life stages, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We also assessed the effects of Meg3 knockdown on the expression levels of puberty-related genes and Wnt/β-catenin proteins in the hypothalamus, time of puberty onset, levels of reproductive genes and hormones, and ovarian morphology in female rats. Meg3 expression in the ovary varied significantly between prepuberty and puberty (P < 0.01). Meg3 knockdown decreased the expression of Gnrh, and Kiss1 mRNA (P < 0.05) and increased the expression of Wnt (P < 0.01) and β-catenin proteins (P < 0.05) in the hypothalamic cells. Onset of puberty in Meg3 knockdown rats was delayed compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Meg3 knockdown decreased Gnrh mRNA levels (P < 0.05) and increased Rfrp-3 mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the hypothalamus. The serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) of Meg3 knockdown rats were lower than those in the control animals (P < 0.05). Higher longitudinal diameter and ovary weight were found in Meg3 knockdown rats (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that Meg3 regulates the expression of Gnrh, Kiss-1 mRNA and Wnt/β-catenin proteins in the hypothalamic cells, and Gnrh, Rfrp-3 mRNA of the hypothalamus and the serum concentration of P4 and E2, and its knockdown delays the onset of puberty in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Li
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Chunhuan Ren
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Juntai Lu
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xinbao Gong
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ping Qin
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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Lih Yuan T, Sulaiman N, Nur Azurah AG, Maarof M, Rabiatul Adawiyah Razali, Yazid MD. Oestrogen-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in endometriosis: Aetiology of vaginal agenesis in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:937988. [PMID: 36582359 PMCID: PMC9793092 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.937988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis occurs when endometrial-like tissue forms and grows outside the uterus due to oestrogen-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the female reproductive tract. Factors that suppress this event could become potential therapeutic agents against disease occurrence and progression. However, an overview of these studies is still lacking. This review assessed the impact of a number factors on oestrogen-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the emergence of several diseases in the female reproductive tract, primarily endometriosis. The association between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome was also investigated. Oestrogen, Wnt4 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were chosen as keywords in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science searches performed on 28th June 2021. Study selection was refined to cancer-irrelevant, English, original articles published between years 2011-2021. The full-text assessment was carried out for topic-related articles after title and abstract screening. Included studies were summarised and assessed for their risk of bias using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation tool. In this review, 10 articles investigating oestrogen and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the female reproductive tract were summarised and classified into two groups: seven studies under 'factor'-modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and three studies under 'factor'-manipulated oestrogen-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The current evidence proposes that epithelial-mesenchymal transition is one of the prime causes of reproductive-related disease. This event could be mediated by distinct stimuli, specifically oestrogen and Wnt4 aberration. The results of this review suggest that oestrogen and Wnt4 participate in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vaginal epithelial cells in MRKH syndrome, adopting from the theories of endometriosis development, which could therefore serve as a foundation for novel target treatment, specifically related to vaginal epithelialisation, to ensure better surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Too Lih Yuan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Ghani Nur Azurah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Manira Maarof
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyah Razali
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Muhammad Dain Yazid,
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El Sabeh M, Saha SK, Afrin S, Islam MS, Borahay MA. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in uterine leiomyoma: role in tumor biology and targeting opportunities. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3513-3536. [PMID: 33999334 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common tumor of the female reproductive system and originates from a single transformed myometrial smooth muscle cell. Despite the immense medical, psychosocial, and financial impact, the exact underlying mechanisms of leiomyoma pathobiology are poorly understood. Alterations of signaling pathways are thought to be instrumental in leiomyoma biology. Wnt/β-catenin pathway appears to be involved in several aspects of the genesis of leiomyomas. For example, Wnt5b is overexpressed in leiomyoma, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway appears to mediate the role of MED12 mutations, the most common mutations in leiomyoma, in tumorigenesis. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a paracrine role where estrogen/progesterone treatment of mature myometrial or leiomyoma cells leads to increased expression of Wnt11 and Wnt16, which induces proliferation of leiomyoma stem cells and tumor growth. Constitutive activation of β-catenin leads to myometrial hyperplasia and leiomyoma-like lesions in animal models. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is also closely involved in mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix regulation and relevant alterations in leiomyoma, and crosstalk is noted between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and other pathways known to regulate leiomyoma development and growth such as estrogen, progesterone, TGFβ, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, IGF, Hippo, and Notch signaling. Finally, evidence suggests that inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway using β-catenin inhibitors inhibits leiomyoma cell proliferation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of leiomyoma development is essential for effective treatment. The specific Wnt/β-catenin pathway molecules discussed in this review constitute compelling candidates for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak El Sabeh
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mostafa A Borahay
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Stewart MK, Mattiske DM, Pask AJ. Exogenous Oestrogen Impacts Cell Fate Decision in the Developing Gonads: A Potential Cause of Declining Human Reproductive Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8377. [PMID: 33171657 PMCID: PMC7664701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of testicular dysgenesis syndrome-related conditions and overall decline in human fertility has been linked to the prevalence of oestrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment. Ectopic activation of oestrogen signalling by EDCs in the gonad can impact testis and ovary function and development. Oestrogen is the critical driver of ovarian differentiation in non-mammalian vertebrates, and in its absence a testis will form. In contrast, oestrogen is not required for mammalian ovarian differentiation, but it is essential for its maintenance, illustrating it is necessary for reinforcing ovarian fate. Interestingly, exposure of the bi-potential gonad to exogenous oestrogen can cause XY sex reversal in marsupials and this is mediated by the cytoplasmic retention of the testis-determining factor SOX9 (sex-determining region Y box transcription factor 9). Oestrogen can similarly suppress SOX9 and activate ovarian genes in both humans and mice, demonstrating it plays an essential role in all mammals in mediating gonad somatic cell fate. Here, we review the molecular control of gonad differentiation and explore the mechanisms through which exogenous oestrogen can influence somatic cell fate to disrupt gonad development and function. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for defining the effects of oestrogenic EDCs on the developing gonads and ultimately their impacts on human reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie K. Stewart
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (D.M.M.); (A.J.P.)
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7
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Stewart MK, Mattiske DM, Pask AJ. Estrogen suppresses SOX9 and activates markers of female development in a human testis-derived cell line. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:66. [PMID: 32933467 PMCID: PMC7493336 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing incidence of reproductive disorders in humans has been attributed to in utero exposure to estrogenic endocrine disruptors. In particular, exposure of the developing testis to exogenous estrogen can negatively impact male reproductive health. To determine how estrogens impact human gonad function, we treated the human testis-derived cell line NT2/D1 with estrogen and examined its impact on SOX9 and the expression of key markers of granulosa (ovarian) and Sertoli (testicular) cell development. Results Estrogen successfully activated its cognate receptor (estrogen receptor alpha; ESR1) in NT2/D1 cells. We observed a significant increase in cytoplasmic SOX9 following estrogen treatment. After 48 h of estrogen exposure, mRNA levels of the key Sertoli cell genes SOX9, SRY, AMH, FGF9 and PTGDS were significantly reduced. This was followed by a significant increase in mRNA levels for the key granulosa cell genes FOXL2 and WNT4 after 96 h of estrogen exposure. Conclusions These results are consistent with estrogen's effects on marsupial gonads and show that estrogen has a highly conserved impact on gonadal cell fate decisions that has existed in mammals for over 160 million years. This effect of estrogen presents as a potential mechanism contributing to the significant decrease in male fertility and reproductive health reported over recent decades. Given our widespread exposure to estrogenic endocrine disruptors, their effects on SOX9 and Sertoli cell determination could have considerable impact on the adult testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie K Stewart
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Deidre M Mattiske
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Pask
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Mehdinejadiani S, Amidi F, Mehdizadeh M, Barati M, Pazhohan A, Alyasin A, Mehdinejadiani K, Sobhani A. Effects of letrozole and clomiphene citrate on Wnt signaling pathway in endometrium of polycystic ovarian syndrome and healthy women†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:641-648. [PMID: 30184105 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. In addition to anovulation, endometrial dysfunction can reduce fertility in PCOS. The cyclical changes of endometrium are controlled by estrogen and progesterone via modulating the Wnt/B-catenin pathway. Clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole are used to induce ovulation; unlike letrozole, there is a discrepancy between ovulation and pregnancy rates in CC-treated cycles. Because of the anti-estrogenic effects of CC on endometrium, we compared the expression of the key molecules of the Wnt/B-catenin pathway in the endometrium of women taking CC and letrozole. This study included PCOS and healthy women divided into the groups stimulated with letrozole (5 mg) or CC (100 mg) as well as NO-treatment groups. The endometrial thickness and hormonal profile were measured on day 12 of the menses. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, we evaluated mRNA and protein expression of B-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B), dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1), and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) in the endometrial samples. Significantly, the mean serum estrogen and progesterone were lower and higher, respectively, in letrozole than CC groups. The endometrial thickness was significantly reduced in CC. The proteins expression of active B-catenin, inactive GSK3B, and ESR1 were significantly decreased in CC-treated groups. The mRNA and protein assessment of DKK1 showed significantly higher expression in CC. Our results indicate that letrozole can provide an acceptable activation of the Wnt/B-catenin pathway, resulting in adequate proliferation of endometrium in the women receiving letrozole compared to CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Mehdinejadiani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Pazhohan
- Department of Midwifery, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.,Infertility center of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, East Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ashraf Alyasin
- Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Mehdinejadiani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aligholi Sobhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cai C, Geng A, Wang M, Yang L, Yu QC, Zeng YA. Amphiregulin mediates the hormonal regulation on Rspondin-1 expression in the mammary gland. Dev Biol 2020; 458:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Zhang B, Zhang J, Zhang C, Zhang X, Ye J, Kuang S, Sun G, Sun X. Notoginsenoside R1 Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Activating Estrogen Receptor α and Its Downstream Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1227. [PMID: 30450046 PMCID: PMC6224485 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) leads to heart failure and death in diabetic patients, no effective treatment is available. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is a novel saponin that is derived from Panax notoginseng and our previous studies have showed cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects of NGR1. However, its role in protecting against DCM remains unexplored. Herein, we examine potential effects of NGR1 on cardiac function of diabetic db/db mice and H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated by advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In vitro experiments revealed that pretreatment with NGR1 significantly decreased AGEs-induced mitochondria injury, limited an increase in ROS, and reduced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. NGR1 eliminated ROS by promoting estrogen receptor α expression, which subsequently activated Akt and Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant enzymes. In vivo investigation demonstrated that NGR1 significantly reduced serum lipid levels, insulin resistance, the expression of enzymes related to cardiomyopathy, and the expression of apoptotic proteins. Finally, NGR1 improved cardiac dysfunction and attenuated histological abnormalities, as evidenced by elevating ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and reducing cardiac fibrosis. Mechanistically, NGR1 promoted ERα expression, which led to the activation of Akt-Nrf2 signaling and the inhibition of the TGFβ pathway. Collectively, these results strongly indicate that NGR1 exerts cardioprotective effects against DCM through its inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and eventually suppresses cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy, which suggests that NGR1 is a potential therapeutic medicine for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Inside the Endometrial Cell Signaling Subway: Mind the Gap(s). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092477. [PMID: 30134622 PMCID: PMC6164241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cells perceive and respond to their microenvironment forming the basis of endometrial homeostasis. Errors in endometrial cell signaling are responsible for a wide spectrum of endometrial pathologies ranging from infertility to cancer. Intensive research over the years has been decoding the sophisticated molecular means by which endometrial cells communicate to each other and with the embryo. The objective of this review is to provide the scientific community with the first overview of key endometrial cell signaling pathways operating throughout the menstrual cycle. On this basis, a comprehensive and critical assessment of the literature was performed to provide the tools for the authorship of this narrative review summarizing the pivotal components and signaling cascades operating during seven endometrial cell fate “routes”: proliferation, decidualization, implantation, migration, breakdown, regeneration, and angiogenesis. Albeit schematically presented as separate transit routes in a subway network and narrated in a distinct fashion, the majority of the time these routes overlap or occur simultaneously within endometrial cells. This review facilitates identification of novel trajectories of research in endometrial cellular communication and signaling. The meticulous study of endometrial signaling pathways potentiates both the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to tackle disease and vanguard fertility approaches.
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12
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Davis JE, Hastings D. Transcriptional Regulation of TCF/LEF and PPARγ by Daidzein and Genistein in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. J Med Food 2018; 21:761-768. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy E. Davis
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Darcie Hastings
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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13
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Padmanabhan RA, Laloraya M. Estrogen-Initiated Protein Interactomes During Embryo Implantation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:256-62. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renjini A. Padmanabhan
- Division of Molecular Reproduction; Female Reproduction and Metabolic syndromes laboratory; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Poojappura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Malini Laloraya
- Division of Molecular Reproduction; Female Reproduction and Metabolic syndromes laboratory; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Poojappura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
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14
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Gao YRE, Walters KA, Desai R, Zhou H, Handelsman DJ, Simanainen U. Androgen receptor inactivation resulted in acceleration in pubertal mammary gland growth, upregulation of ERα expression, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in female mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4951-63. [PMID: 25076121 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is widely expressed in mammary cells of female mammals including humans and mice, indicating a possible role for AR-mediated androgen actions in breast development, function, and pathology, although the specific mechanisms remain unclear. To elucidate the mechanisms of androgen action in mammary gland physiology and development, we used AR-knockout (AR(Δex3)KO) female mice with a universally expressed, transcriptionally inactive AR protein harboring an in-frame deletion of its second zinc finger. Although in sexually mature wild-type (WT) and AR(ex3Δ)KO females, the mammary epithelial growth was fully extended to the edge of the fat pad, during puberty, AR(ex3Δ)KO females exhibit significantly accelerated mammary ductal growth and an increased number of terminal end buds compared with WT females. Accelerated AR(ex3Δ)KO female mammary growth was associated with significantly increased mammary epithelial ERα expression and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling as shown by increased Wnt4 expression and accumulation of nuclear β-catenin. These findings are consistent with increased mammary estrogen exposure although ovarian estradiol content was unchanged compared with WT females. Furthermore, treatment with the potent pure androgen DHT markedly reduced ductal extension and terminal end bud numbers in WT but not in AR(Δex3)KO females, further supporting the concept that AR-mediated, androgen-induced suppression of murine mammary growth is a physiological characteristic of puberty. In summary, our findings reveal an inhibitory role of AR-mediated androgen actions in pubertal mammary gland development by reducing epithelial cell proliferation and could be mediated by regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ru Ellen Gao
- Andrology Laboratory (Y.R.G., K.A.W., R.D., D.J.H., U.S.) and Bone research Program (H.Z.), ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney New South Wales 2139, Australia
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15
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Novel MED12 gene somatic mutations in women from the Southern United States with symptomatic uterine fibroids. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:505-11. [PMID: 25325994 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although somatic mutations in exon 2 of the mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) gene have been reported previously in uterine fibroids in women from Finland, South Africa, and North America, the status of these mutations was not reported in the Southern United States women. The aim of this study is to determine the MED12 somatic mutations in uterine fibroids of women from Southern Unites States, which will help to better understand the contribution of MED12 mutations in fibroid tumor biology. Herein, we determined the frequency of MED12 gene exon 2 somatic mutations in 143 fibroid tumors from a total of 135 women from the Southern United States and in 50 samples of the adjacent myometrium using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. We observed that the MED12 gene is mutated in 64.33 % (92/143) of uterine fibroid cases in the exon 2 (including deletion mutations). These mutations include 107T > G (4.3 %), 130G > C (2.8 %), 130G > A (7.0 %), 130G > T (2.8 %), 131G > C (2.1 %), 131G > A (20.2 %), and 131G > T (2.1 %). Interestingly, we identified four novel mutations in these patients: 107 T > C (12.8 %), 105A > T (2.1 %), 122T > A (2.1 %), and 92T > A (2.1 %). As expected, we did not observe any mutations in the normal myometrium. Moreover, we found a higher rate of deletion mutations (17.5 %, 25/143) in the above fibroid tumors. Our results clearly demonstrate that the MED12 gene exon 2 is frequently mutated in human uterine fibroids in Southern United States women. These results highlight the molecular pathogenesis of human uterine fibroids with the central role of MED12 somatic mutations.
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16
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Ferrando-Martínez S, Ruiz-Mateos E, Dudakov JA, Velardi E, Grillari J, Kreil DP, Muñoz-Fernandez MÁ, van den Brink MRM, Leal M. WNT signaling suppression in the senescent human thymus. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:273-81. [PMID: 24657825 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human thymus is completely developed in late fetal stages and its function peaks in newborns. After the first year of life, the thymus undergoes a progressive atrophy that dramatically decreases de novo T-lymphocyte maturation. Hormonal signaling and changes in the microRNA expression network are identified as underlying causes of human thymus involution. However, specific pathways involved in the age-related loss of thymic function remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed differential gene-expression profile and microRNA expression in elderly (70 years old) and young (less than 10 months old and 11 years old) human thymic samples. Our data have shown that WNT pathway deregulation through the overexpression of different inhibitors by the nonadipocytic component of the human thymus stimulates the age-related involution. These results are of particular interest because interference of WNT signaling has been demonstrated in both animal models and in vitro studies, with the three major hallmarks of thymic involution: (i) epithelial structure disruption, (ii) adipogenic process, and (iii) thymocyte development arrest. Thus, our results suggest that secreted inhibitors of the WNT pathway could be explored as a novel therapeutical target in the reversal of the age-related thymic involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrando-Martínez
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain. Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine. Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain.
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine. Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York City, USA
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York City, USA
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, VIBT-BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - David P Kreil
- Chair of Bioinformatics, BOKU University Vienna, Austria and Life Sciences, University of Warwick, UK
| | - M Ángeles Muñoz-Fernandez
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | | | - Manuel Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine. Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
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17
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Bae SM, Lim W, Jeong W, Lee JY, Kim J, Han JY, Bazer FW, Song G. Hormonal regulation of beta-catenin during development of the avian oviduct and its expression in epithelial cell-derived ovarian carcinogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:46-54. [PMID: 24055276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Beta-catenin (CTNNB1) is a dual function molecule that acts as a key component of the cadherin complex and WNT signaling pathway. It has a crucial role in embryogenesis, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and progression of metastasis. Recently, it has been suggested that the CTNNB1 complex is a major regulator of development of the mouse oviduct and uterus. However, little is known about the CTNNB1 gene in chickens. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the CTNNB1 gene in the chicken reproductive tract and hormonal control of its expression in the chicken oviduct. CTNNB1 was localized specifically to the luminal and glandular epithelium of the four segments of chicken oviduct and DES (diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic non-steroidal estrogen) increased its expression primarily in LE of the magnum. In addition, CTNNB1 mRNA and protein were expressed abundantly in glandular epithelium of endometrioid-type ovarian carcinoma, but not in normal ovaries. Moreover, CTNNB1 expression was post-transcriptionally regulated via its 3'-UTR by binding with target miRNAs including miR-217, miR-1467, miR-1623 and miR-1697. Collectively, these results indicate that CTNNB1 is a novel gene regulated by estrogen in epithelial cells of the chicken oviduct and that it is also abundantly expressed in epithelial cells of endometrioid-type ovarian carcinoma suggesting that it could be used as a marker for diagnosis of ovarian cancer in laying hens and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Bae
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Jeong
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Luo J, Wang T, Liang S, Hu X, Li W, Jin F. Experimental gastritis leads to anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in female but not male rats. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2013; 9:46. [PMID: 24345032 PMCID: PMC3878489 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-9-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human and animals studies support the idea that there is a gender-related co-morbidity of pain-related and inflammatory gastrointestinal (GI) diseases with psychological disorders. This co-morbidity is the evidence for the existence of GI-brain axis which consists of immune (cytokines), neural (vagus nerve) and neuroendocrine (HPA axis) pathways. Psychological stress causes disturbances in GI physiology, such as altered GI barrier function, changes in motility and secretion, development of visceral hypersensitivity, and dysfunction of inflammatory responses. Whether GI inflammation would exert impact on psychological behavior is not well established. We examined the effect of experimental gastritis on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, and evaluated potential mechanisms of action. Gastritis was induced by adding 0.1% (w/v) iodoacetamide (IAA) to the sterile drinking water for 7 days. Sucrose preference test assessed the depression-like behavior, open field test and elevated plus maze evaluated the anxiety-like behavior. IAA treatment induced gastric inflammation in rats of either gender. No behavioral abnormality or dysfunction of GI-brain axis was observed in male rats with IAA-induced gastritis. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were apparent and the HPA axis was hyperactive in female rats with IAA-induced gastritis. Our results show that gastric inflammation leads to anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in female but not male rats via the neuroendocrine (HPA axis) pathway, suggesting that the GI inflammation can impair normal brain function and induce changes in psychological behavior in a gender-related manner through the GI-to-brain signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Markowska A, Pawałowska M, Filas V, Korski K, Gryboś M, Sajdak S, Olejek A, Bednarek W, Śpiewankiewicz B, Lubin J, Markowska J. Does Metformin affect ER, PR, IGF-1R, β-catenin and PAX-2 expression in women with diabetes mellitus and endometrial cancer? Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 5:76. [PMID: 24308813 PMCID: PMC4029605 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus, as a risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC), causes an increase in insulin and IGF-1 concentrations in the blood serum. The increase in insulin and IGF-1 are considered mitogenic factors contributory to cancer development. Studies suggest that metformin has preventive activity, decreasing mortality and the risk of neoplasms. Since estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and IGF-1 (IGF-1R) receptor expression and β-catenin and PAX-2 mutations are significant in the development of endometrial cancer, it was decided to study these factors in patients with endometrial cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and to establish the effects of metformin on their expression. METHODS The expression of ER, PR, IGF-1R, β-catenin and PAX-2 have been immunohistochemically investigated in 86 type I endometrial cancer specimens. Patients were grouped according to the presence of DM2 and the type of hypoglycemic treatment administered. RESULTS Comparing EC patients with DM2 and normal glycemic status, we found increased IGF-1R expression in women with DM2. A decrease in ER expression was noted in women with EC and DM2 receiving metformin as compared to women treated with insulin (p = 0.004). There was no statistically significant difference in PR, IGF-1R, β-catenin and PAX-2 expression among women receiving metformin and other hypoglycemic treatment. CONCLUSION Although epidemiological studies suggest the beneficial role of metformin in many human cancers, there are still few studies confirming its favorable effect on endometrial cancer. Decreased ER expression in patients receiving metformin needs further research to allow evaluation of its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Markowska
- Perinatology and Gynecology Department, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Pawałowska
- Gynecological Oncology Department, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Violetta Filas
- Department of Pathology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Konstanty Korski
- Department of Pathology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marian Gryboś
- Wrocław University of Medical Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stefan Sajdak
- Clinic of Gynecological Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anita Olejek
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Silesian Medical University, Bytom, Poland
| | - Wiesława Bednarek
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Lublin University of Medical Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Śpiewankiewicz
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jolanta Lubin
- Gynecological Oncology Department, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Janina Markowska
- Gynecological Oncology Department, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
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20
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Ishida M, Mitsui T, Izawa M, Arita J. Activation of D2 dopamine receptors inhibits estrogen response element-mediated estrogen receptor transactivation in rat pituitary lactotrophs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 375:58-67. [PMID: 23701824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and dopamine are major opposing regulators of the endocrine functions of pituitary lactotrophs. Dopamine inhibits estrogen-induced changes in the synthesis and secretion of prolactin, and lactotroph proliferation. We studied the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of dopaminergic stimulation on estrogen-induced functional changes of rat lactotrophs in primary culture. The dopaminergic agonist, bromocriptine (BC), suppressed 17β-estradiol-stimulated lactotroph proliferation, prolactin promoter activity, and mRNA expression of some estrogen-responsive genes. In lactotroph-enriched pituitary cells, BC treatment inhibited the estrogen response element (ERE) DNA sequence-mediated estrogen receptor (ER) transcriptional activity. Using a lactotroph-specific ERE transcriptional assay, we found that BC inhibition of the ERE-mediated ER transcriptional activity partly involved D2 dopamine receptor-mediated, pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled, cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent signaling. BC treatment had no effect on the cellular concentration of ERα or its phosphorylation status at Ser-118. Similar transcriptional inhibition by BC was also found in GH4ZR7 cells, a D2 dopamine receptor-expressing somatomammotrophic cell line. These results suggest that activation of the D2 dopamine receptors inhibits estrogen-dependent lactotroph functions in part via attenuation of ERE-mediated ER transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Ishida
- Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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21
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Lim CH, Lim W, Jeong W, Lee JY, Bae SM, Kim J, Han JY, Bazer FW, Song G. Avian WNT4 in the female reproductive tracts: potential role of oviduct development and ovarian carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65935. [PMID: 23843947 PMCID: PMC3699571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The wingless-type MMTV integration site family of proteins (WNTs) is highly conserved secreted lipid-modified signaling molecules that play a variety of pivotal roles in developmental events such as embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis and cell polarity. Although, of these proteins, WNT4 is known to be involved in genital development in fetuses of mammalian species, its role is unknown in avian species. Therefore, in this study, we investigated expression profiles, as well as hormonal and post-transcriptional regulation of WNT4 expression in the reproductive tract of female chickens. Results of this study demonstrated that WNT4 is most abundant in the stromal and luminal epithelial cells of the isthmus and shell gland of the oviduct, respectively. WNT4 is also most abundant in the glandular epithelium of the shell gland of the oviduct of laying hens at 3 h post-ovulation during the laying cycle. In addition, treatment of young chicks with diethylstilbestrol (DES, a synthetic estrogen agonist) stimulated WNT4 only in the glandular epithelial cells of the isthmus and shell gland of the oviduct. Moreover, results of our study demonstrated that miR-1786 influences WNT4 expression via specific binding sites in its 3'-UTR. On the other hand, our results also indicate that WNT4 is expressed predominantly in the glandular epithelium of cancerous ovaries, but not in normal ovaries of hens. Collectively, these results indicate cell-specific expression of WNT4 in the reproductive tract of chickens and that it likely has crucial roles in development and function of oviduct as well as initiation of ovarian carcinogenesis in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hong Lim
- WCU Biomodultion Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- WCU Biomodultion Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Jeong
- WCU Biomodultion Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- WCU Biomodultion Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Bae
- WCU Biomodultion Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- WCU Biomodultion Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- WCU Biomodultion Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- WCU Biomodultion Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- WCU Biomodultion Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Abstract
Wnt signalling is activated in both pituitary organogenesis and its mature function. Wnt ligands and Wnt signalling pathways are critical for the regulation of the formation of the pituitary. In the mature pituitary, Wnt signalling pathways control cell activity and may stimulate cell proliferation in both physiological and pathological processes. This review compares Wnt signalling pathways active in the developing and mature pituitary and explores how this gives us further insight into the development of pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J G Chambers
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Group, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Suppression of MMQ cells by fulvestrant: possible mechanism of action and potential application for bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:721-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Avtanski D, Novaira HJ, Wu S, Romero CJ, Kineman R, Luque RM, Wondisford F, Radovick S. Both estrogen receptor α and β stimulate pituitary GH gene expression. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 28:40-52. [PMID: 24284820 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sex steroids have been implicated in the control of mammalian growth, their direct effect on GH synthesis is less clear. The aim of this study was to establish whether estradiol (E2) directly affects GH synthesis in somatotrophs. Somatotroph GH3 and MtT/S cells were used as in vitro models. At physiological doses of E2 stimulation, GH mRNA levels were increased and the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 completely abolished this effect. Estrogen receptor (ER) α- and ERβ-selective agonists, propylpyrazole triol (PPT), and 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionitrile (DPN), respectively, augmented GH mRNA expression and secretion, whereas E2 and PPT, but not DPN increased prolactin (PRL) mRNA levels. E2, PPT, and DPN stimulated expression of the pituitary transcription factor Pou1f1 and increased its binding to the GH promoter. In vivo evidence of E2 effects on GH synthesis was obtained from the generation of the somatotroph-specific ERα knockout (sERα-KO) mouse model. Basal pituitary GH, PRL, POU1F1, and ERα mRNA expression levels were lower in sERα-KO mice compared with those in controls; whereas ERβ mRNA levels remained unchanged. E2 and DPN stimulated pituitary GH mRNA expression and serum GH levels in control and sERα-KO ovariectomized mice; however, serum GH levels were unchanged in PPT-treated ovariectomized sERα-KO mice. In these animal models, PRL mRNA levels increased after either E2 or PPT, but an increase was not seen after DPN treatment. Thus, we propose a mechanism by which estrogen directly regulates somatotroph GH synthesis at a pretranslational level. In contrast to the predominant effect of ERα in the lactotroph, these results support a role for both ERα and ERβ in the transcriptional control of Gh in the somatotroph and illustrate important differences in ER isoform specificity in the anterior pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimiter Avtanski
- Department of Pediatrics (D.A., H.J.N., S.W., C.J.R., S.R.), Division of Endocrinology, and Department of Pediatrics (F.W.), Division of Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287; and Research and Development Division (R.K., R.M.L.), Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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Kim MH, Kang KS. Isoflavones as a smart curer for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and pathological adiposity via ChREBP and Wnt signaling. Prev Med 2012; 54 Suppl:S57-63. [PMID: 22227283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and pathological adiposity has emerged as an important modern disease. Along with this, the requirement for alternative and natural medicine for preventing NAFLD and adiposity has been increasing rapidly and considerably. In this report, we will review the biological effect and mechanisms of soy isoflavones on NAFLD and pathologic adiposity mainly through the novel pathways, de novo lipogenic carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and anti-adipogenic Wnt signaling. METHODS This paper reviews in vitro and in vivo isoflavone studies published in 2002 to 2011 in North America and East Asia. RESULTS Collectively, the data support a beneficial relation of isoflavones and NAFLD and/or adiposity. Isoflavones suppress ChREBP signaling via protein kinase A (PKA) and/or 5'-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent phosphorylation, which prevents ChREBP from binding to the promoter regions of lipogenic enzyme. Furthermore, isoflavones directly stimulate Wnt signaling via estrogen receptors-dependent pathway, which inactivates glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β), transactivate T-cell factor/lymphoid-enhancer factor (TCF/LEF), the effector of Wnt signaling, degrade adipogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), augment p300/CBP, the transcriptional co-activators of TCF/LEF. CONCLUSIONS Natural compound isoflavones may be useful alternative medicines in preventing NAFLD and pathological adiposity and this action may be partially associated with ChREBP and Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanakno, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Markowski DN, Bartnitzke S, Löning T, Drieschner N, Helmke BM, Bullerdiek J. MED12 mutations in uterine fibroids--their relationship to cytogenetic subgroups. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:1528-36. [PMID: 22223266 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent chromosomal alterations are found in roughly 20% of all uterine fibroids but in the majority cytogenetic changes are lacking. Recently, mutations of the gene mediator subcomplex 12 (MED12) have been detected in a majority of fibroids but no information is available whether or not they co-occur with cytogenetic subtypes as, e.g., rearrangements of the genes encoding high mobility group AT-hook (HMGA) proteins. In a total of 80 cytogenetically characterized fibroids from 50 patients, we were not only able to confirm the frequent occurrence of MED12 mutations but also to stratify two mutually exclusive pathways of leiomyomagenesis with either rearrangements of HMGA2 reflected by clonal chromosome abnormalities affecting 12q14~15 or by mutations affecting exon 2 of MED12. On average the latter mutations were associated with a significantly smaller tumor size. However, G>A transitions of nucleotides c.130 or c.131 correlate with a significantly larger size of the fibroids compared to other MED12 mutations thus explaining the high prevalence of the former mutations among clinically detectable fibroids. Interestingly, fibroids with MED12 mutations expressed significantly higher levels of the gene encoding wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4 (WNT4). Based on these findings and data from the literature, we hypothesize that estrogen and the mutated MED12 cooperate in activating the Wnt pathway which in turn activates β-catenin known to cause leiomyoma-like lesions in a mouse model. The occurrence of a "fibroid-type mutation" in a rare histologic subtype of endometrial polyps suggests that this mechanism is not confined to uterine leiomyomas.
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Wnt/Β-catenin and sex hormone signaling in endometrial homeostasis and cancer. Oncotarget 2011; 1:674-84. [PMID: 21317462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A delicate balance between estrogen and progestagen signaling underlies proper functioning of the female reproductive tract and, in particular, the monthly re- and degenerative phases characteristic of the menstrual cycle. Here, we propose that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may underlie this finely tuned hormonal equilibrium in endometrial homeostasis and, upon its constitutive activation, lead to neoplastic transformation of the endometrium. During the menstrual cycle, estradiol will enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the proliferative phase, while progesterone inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thus restraining estrogens' proliferative actions, during the secretory phase. In case of enhanced or unopposed estrogen signaling, constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling will trigger endometrial hyperplasia, which may develop further into endometrial cancer.
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Giles A, Madec F, Friedrichsen S, Featherstone K, Chambers T, Harper CV, Resch J, Brabant G, Davis JRE. Wnt signaling in estrogen-induced lactotroph proliferation. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:540-7. [PMID: 21245194 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.078642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactinomas are the most common type of functioning pituitary adenoma in humans, but the control of lactotroph proliferation remains unclear. Here, using microarray analysis, we show that estrogen treatment increased expression of Wnt4 mRNA in adult Fischer rat pituitary tissue. Dual immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Wnt4 expression was not confined to lactotrophs, but that it was expressed in all anterior pituitary cell types. Estradiol induced proliferation in the somatolactotroph GH3 cell line, in parallel with Wnt4 mRNA and protein induction. A reporter gene assay for TCF- and LEF-dependent transcription revealed that there was no activation of the canonical Wnt pathway in GH3 cells upon stimulation with Wnt-conditioned culture medium or coexpression of constitutively active mutant β-catenin. Expression of β-catenin in both GH3 cells and normal rat anterior pituitary cells was restricted to the cell membrane and was unaltered by treatment with estradiol, with no nuclear β-catenin being detected under any of the conditions tested. We show for the first time that Wnt4 affects non-canonical signaling in the pituitary by inhibiting Ca(2+) oscillations in GH3 cells, although the downstream effects are as yet unknown. In summary, Wnt4 is expressed in the adult pituitary gland, and its expression is increased by estrogen exposure, suggesting that its involvement in adult tissue plasticity is likely to involve β-catenin-independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Giles
- Endocrinology & Diabetes Group, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Kim MH, Park JS, Seo MS, Jung JW, Lee YS, Kang KS. Genistein and daidzein repress adipogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells via Wnt/β-catenin signalling or lipolysis. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:594-605. [PMID: 21039998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One aspect of the effects of isoflavones against fat deposition might be at least associated with the mechanism by which Wnt/β-catenin signalling inhibits adipocyte differentiation. However, it remains completely unknown as to whether isoflavones might influence Wnt signalling during commitment of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to adipose lineages. In the present study, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying effects of genistein and daidzein, the major soy isoflavones, on anti-adipogenic Wnt/β-catenin signalling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adipose tissue-derived (AD) MSCs were exposed continuously to genistein and daidzein (0.01-100 μm) during adipogenic differentiation (21 days). An oestrogen antagonist, ICI 182,780, was used to determine whether or not the isoflavones activated Wnt signalling via oestrogen receptors (ERs). RESULTS Genistein and daidzein suppressed adipogenic differentiation of AD-MSCs in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited expression of adipogenic markers, PPARγ, SREBP-1c and Glut 4, from mid-phase differentiation. Microarrays showed that anti-adipogenic effects of genistein were principally attributable to activation of Wnt signalling via ERs-dependent pathway, such as Erk/JNK signalling and LEF/TCF4 co-activators. These findings were supported by evidence that the effects of genistein were offset by ICI182,780. Unlike genistein, daidzein inhibited adipogenesis through stimulation of lipolysis, with for example, PKA-mediated hormone sensitive lipase. This is consistent with the increase in glycerol released from AD-MSCs. In conclusion, understanding that different sets of mechanisms of the two isoflavones on adipogenesis will help the design of novel strategies to prevent observed current epidemic levels of obesity, using isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Wang Y, van der Zee M, Fodde R, Blok LJ. Wnt/Β-catenin and sex hormone signaling in endometrial homeostasis and cancer. Oncotarget 2010; 1:674-684. [PMID: 21317462 PMCID: PMC3248134 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A delicate balance between estrogen and progestagen signaling underlies proper functioning of the female reproductive tract and, in particular, the monthly re- and degenerative phases characteristic of the menstrual cycle. Here, we propose that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may underlie this finely tuned hormonal equilibrium in endometrial homeostasis and, upon its constitutive activation, lead to neoplastic transformation of the endometrium. During the menstrual cycle, estradiol will enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the proliferative phase, while progesterone inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thus restraining estrogens' proliferative actions, during the secretory phase. In case of enhanced or unopposed estrogen signaling, constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling will trigger endometrial hyperplasia, which may develop further into endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Departments of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marten van der Zee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Departments of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Fodde
- Departments of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leen J Blok
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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