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Agerskov RH, Nyeng P. Innervation of the pancreas in development and disease. Development 2024; 151:dev202254. [PMID: 38265192 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system innervates the pancreas by sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory branches during early organogenesis, starting with neural crest cell invasion and formation of an intrinsic neuronal network. Several studies have demonstrated that signals from pancreatic neural crest cells direct pancreatic endocrinogenesis. Likewise, autonomic neurons have been shown to regulate pancreatic islet formation, and have also been implicated in type I diabetes. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in mapping pancreatic innervation and understanding the interactions between pancreatic neurons, epithelial morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Finally, we discuss pancreas innervation as a factor in the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hoegsberg Agerskov
- Roskilde University, Department of Science and Environment, Universitetsvej 1, building 28, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Pia Nyeng
- Roskilde University, Department of Science and Environment, Universitetsvej 1, building 28, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
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2
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Yamamoto-Fukuda T, Akiyama N, Tatsumi N, Okabe M, Kojima H. Keratinocyte Growth Factor Stimulates Growth of p75 + Neural Crest Lineage Cells During Middle Ear Cholesteatoma Formation in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1573-1591. [PMID: 36210210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During development, cranial neural crest (NC) cells display a striking transition from collective to single-cell migration and undergo a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transformation to form a part of the middle ear epithelial cells (MEECs). While MEECs derived from NC are known to control homeostasis of the epithelium and repair from otitis media, paracrine action of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) promotes the growth of MEECs and induces middle ear cholesteatoma (cholesteatoma). The animal model of cholesteatoma was previously established by transfecting a human KGF-expression vector. Herein, KGF-inducing cholesteatoma was studied in Wnt1-Cre/Floxed-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mice that conditionally express EGFP in the NC lineages. The cytokeratin 14-positive NC lineage expanded into the middle ear and formed cholesteatoma. Moreover, the green fluorescent protein-positive NC lineages comprising the cholesteatoma tissue expressed p75, an NC marker, with high proliferative activity. Similarly, a large number of p75-positive cells were observed in human cholesteatoma tissues. Injections of the immunotoxin murine p75-saporin induced depletion of the p75-positive NC lineages, resulting in the reduction of cholesteatoma in vivo. The p75 knockout in the MEECs had low proliferative activity with or without KGF protein in vitro. Controlling p75 signaling may reduce the proliferation of NC lineages and may represent a new therapeutic target for cholesteatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yamamoto-Fukuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naotaro Akiyama
- Department of Anatomy, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Tatsumi
- Department of Anatomy, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Okabe
- Department of Anatomy, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Krivova YS, Proshchina AE, Otlyga DA, Leonova OG, Saveliev SV. Prenatal development of sympathetic innervation of the human pancreas. Ann Anat 2021; 240:151880. [PMID: 34896557 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretion. The results of experimental studies also demonstrate the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of endocrine cell differentiation and islet formation during the development of the pancreas. However, the prenatal development of sympathetic innervation of the human pancreas has not yet been studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pancreatic autopsy samples from 24 human fetuses were examined using immunohistochemistry with antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The density, concentration, and size (width, length, perimeter and area) of the TH-positive sympathetic nerves were compared in four developmental periods: pre-fetal (8-11 weeks post conception (w.p.c.), n = 6), early fetal (13-20 gestational weeks (g.w.), n = 7), middle fetal (21-28 g.w., n = 6) and late fetal (29-40 g.w., n = 5) using morphometric methods and statistical analysis (Multiple Comparisons p values). Double immunofluorescence with antibodies to TH and either insulin or glucagon and confocal microscopy were applied to analyze the interaction between the sympathetic nerves and endocrine cells, and the co-localization of TH with hormones. RESULTS TH-positive sympathetic nerves were detected in the fetal pancreas starting from the early stages (8 w.p.c.). The developmental dynamics of sympathetic nerves was follows: from the pre-fetal period, the amount of TH-positive nerves gradually increased and their branching occurred reaching the highest density and concentration in the middle fetal period, followed by a decrease in these parameters in the late fetal period. From the 14th g.w. onwards, thin TH-positive nerve fibers were mainly distributed in the vicinity of blood vessels and around the neurons of intrapancreatic ganglia, which is similar in adults. There were only rare TH-positive nerve fibers adjacent to acini or located at the periphery of some islets. The close interactions between the TH-positive nerve fibers and endocrine cells were observed in the neuro-insular complexes. Additionally, non-neuronal TH-containing cells were found in the pancreas of fetuses from the pre-fetal and early fetal periods. Some of these cells simultaneously contained glucagon. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that sympathetic innervation of the human pancreas, including the formation of perivascular and intraganglionic nerve plexuses, extensively develops during prenatal period, while some processes, such as the formation of sympathetic innervation of islet capillaries, may occur postnatally. Non-neuronal TH-containing cells, as well as the interactions between the sympathetic terminals and endocrine cells observed in the fetal pancreas may be necessary for endocrine pancreas development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya S Krivova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsurupy st., 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Dmitry A Otlyga
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsurupy st., 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ol'ga G Leonova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Saveliev
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsurupy st., 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia.
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4
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Ghezelayagh Z, Zabihi M, Kazemi Ashtiani M, Ghezelayagh Z, Lynn FC, Tahamtani Y. Recapitulating pancreatic cell-cell interactions through bioengineering approaches: the momentous role of non-epithelial cells for diabetes cell therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7107-7132. [PMID: 34613423 PMCID: PMC11072828 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, extensive efforts have been made to generate in-vitro pancreatic micro-tissue, for disease modeling or cell replacement approaches in pancreatic related diseases such as diabetes mellitus. To obtain these goals, a closer look at the diverse cells participating in pancreatic development is necessary. Five major non-epithelial pancreatic (pN-Epi) cell populations namely, pancreatic endothelium, mesothelium, neural crests, pericytes, and stellate cells exist in pancreas throughout its development, and they are hypothesized to be endogenous inducers of the development. In this review, we discuss different pN-Epi cells migrating to and existing within the pancreas and their diverse effects on pancreatic epithelium during organ development mediated via associated signaling pathways, soluble factors or mechanical cell-cell interactions. In-vivo and in-vitro experiments, with a focus on N-Epi cells' impact on pancreas endocrine development, have also been considered. Pluripotent stem cell technology and multicellular three-dimensional organoids as new approaches to generate pancreatic micro-tissues have also been discussed. Main challenges for reaching a detailed understanding of the role of pN-Epi cells in pancreas development in utilizing for in-vitro recapitulation have been summarized. Finally, various novel and innovative large-scale bioengineering approaches which may help to recapitulate cell-cell interactions and are crucial for generation of large-scale in-vitro multicellular pancreatic micro-tissues, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghezelayagh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zabihi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghezelayagh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery and School of Biomedical Engineering , University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yaser Tahamtani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Wind M, Gogolou A, Manipur I, Granata I, Butler L, Andrews PW, Barbaric I, Ning K, Guarracino MR, Placzek M, Tsakiridis A. Defining the signalling determinants of a posterior ventral spinal cord identity in human neuromesodermal progenitor derivatives. Development 2021; 148:dev194415. [PMID: 33658223 PMCID: PMC8015249 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The anteroposterior axial identity of motor neurons (MNs) determines their functionality and vulnerability to neurodegeneration. Thus, it is a crucial parameter in the design of strategies aiming to produce MNs from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for regenerative medicine/disease modelling applications. However, the in vitro generation of posterior MNs corresponding to the thoracic/lumbosacral spinal cord has been challenging. Although the induction of cells resembling neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs), the bona fide precursors of the spinal cord, offers a promising solution, the progressive specification of posterior MNs from these cells is not well defined. Here, we determine the signals guiding the transition of human NMP-like cells toward thoracic ventral spinal cord neurectoderm. We show that combined WNT-FGF activities drive a posterior dorsal pre-/early neural state, whereas suppression of TGFβ-BMP signalling pathways promotes a ventral identity and neural commitment. Based on these results, we define an optimised protocol for the generation of thoracic MNs that can efficiently integrate within the neural tube of chick embryos. We expect that our findings will facilitate the comparison of hPSC-derived spinal cord cells of distinct axial identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wind
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Antigoni Gogolou
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ichcha Manipur
- Computational and Data Science Laboratory, High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Granata
- Computational and Data Science Laboratory, High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Larissa Butler
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Peter W Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | | | - Marysia Placzek
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Anestis Tsakiridis
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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6
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Cerrizuela S, Vega-Lopez GA, Aybar MJ. The role of teratogens in neural crest development. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:584-632. [PMID: 31926062 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC), discovered by Wilhelm His 150 years ago, gives rise to a multipotent migratory embryonic cell population that generates a remarkably diverse and important array of cell types during the development of the vertebrate embryo. These cells originate in the neural plate border (NPB), which is the ectoderm between the neural plate and the epidermis. They give rise to the neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies are a class of congenital diseases resulting from the abnormal induction, specification, migration, differentiation or death of NC cells (NCCs) during embryonic development and have an important medical and societal impact. In general, congenital defects affect an appreciable percentage of newborns worldwide. Some of these defects are caused by teratogens, which are agents that negatively impact the formation of tissues and organs during development. In this review, we will discuss the teratogens linked to the development of many birth defects, with a strong focus on those that specifically affect the development of the NC, thereby producing neurocristopathies. Although increasing attention is being paid to the effect of teratogens on embryonic development in general, there is a strong need to critically evaluate the specific role of these agents in NC development. Therefore, increased understanding of the role of these factors in NC development will contribute to the planning of strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of human neurocristopathies, whose etiology was previously not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Vega-Lopez
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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7
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Migration and diversification of the vagal neural crest. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S98-S109. [PMID: 29981692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arising within the neural tube between the cranial and trunk regions of the body axis, the vagal neural crest shares interesting similarities in its migratory routes and derivatives with other neural crest populations. However, the vagal neural crest is also unique in its ability to contribute to diverse organs including the heart and enteric nervous system. This review highlights the migratory routes of the vagal neural crest and compares them across multiple vertebrates. We also summarize recent advances in understanding vagal neural crest ontogeny and discuss the contribution of this important neural crest population to the cardiovascular system and endoderm-derived organs, including the thymus, lungs and pancreas.
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8
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Neurocristopathies: New insights 150 years after the neural crest discovery. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S110-S143. [PMID: 29802835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent and migratory cell population that generates an astonishingly diverse array of cell types during vertebrate development. These cells, which originate from the ectoderm in a region lateral to the neural plate in the neural fold, give rise to neurons, glia, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies (NCP) are a class of pathologies occurring in vertebrates, especially in humans that result from the abnormal specification, migration, differentiation or death of neural crest cells during embryonic development. Various pigment, skin, thyroid and hearing disorders, craniofacial and heart abnormalities, malfunctions of the digestive tract and tumors can also be considered as neurocristopathies. In this review we revisit the current classification and propose a new way to classify NCP based on the embryonic origin of the affected tissues, on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms that drive NC formation, and on the increased complexity of current molecular embryology techniques.
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9
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Hsueh B, Burns VM, Pauerstein P, Holzem K, Ye L, Engberg K, Wang AC, Gu X, Chakravarthy H, Arda HE, Charville G, Vogel H, Efimov IR, Kim S, Deisseroth K. Pathways to clinical CLARITY: volumetric analysis of irregular, soft, and heterogeneous tissues in development and disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5899. [PMID: 28724969 PMCID: PMC5517617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional tissue-structural relationships are not well captured by typical thin-section histology, posing challenges for the study of tissue physiology and pathology. Moreover, while recent progress has been made with intact methods for clearing, labeling, and imaging whole organs such as the mature brain, these approaches are generally unsuitable for soft, irregular, and heterogeneous tissues that account for the vast majority of clinical samples and biopsies. Here we develop a biphasic hydrogel methodology, which along with automated analysis, provides for high-throughput quantitative volumetric interrogation of spatially-irregular and friable tissue structures. We validate and apply this approach in the examination of a variety of developing and diseased tissues, with specific focus on the dynamics of normal and pathological pancreatic innervation and development, including in clinical samples. Quantitative advantages of the intact-tissue approach were demonstrated compared to conventional thin-section histology, pointing to broad applications in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vanessa M Burns
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Philip Pauerstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Katherine Holzem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kristin Engberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ai-Chi Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Harini Chakravarthy
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - H Efsun Arda
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gregory Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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10
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Krivova Y, Proshchina A, Barabanov V, Leonova O, Saveliev S. Structure of neuro-endocrine and neuro-epithelial interactions in human foetal pancreas. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:567-576. [PMID: 27823763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the pancreas of many mammals including humans, endocrine islet cells can be integrated with the nervous system components into neuro-insular complexes. The mechanism of the formation of such complexes is not clearly understood. The present study evaluated the interactions between the nervous system components, epithelial cells and endocrine cells in the human pancreas. Foetal pancreas, gestational age 19-23 weeks (13 cases) and 30-34 weeks (7 cases), were studied using double immunohistochemical labeling with neural markers (S100 protein and beta III tubulin), epithelial marker (cytokeratin 19 (CK19)) and antibodies to insulin and glucagon. We first analyse the structure of neuro-insular complexes using confocal microscopy and provide immunohistochemical evidences of the presence of endocrine cells within the ganglia or inside the nerve bundles. We showed that the nervous system components contact with the epithelial cells located in ducts or in clusters outside the ductal epithelium and form complexes with separate epithelial cells. We observed CK19-positive cells inside the ganglia and nerve bundles which were located separately or were integrated with the islets. Therefore, we conclude that neuro-insular complexes may forms as a result of integration between epithelial cells and nervous system components at the initial stages of islets formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krivova
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexandra Proshchina
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Valeriy Barabanov
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga Leonova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey Saveliev
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
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11
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Reinert RB, Cai Q, Hong JY, Plank JL, Aamodt K, Prasad N, Aramandla R, Dai C, Levy SE, Pozzi A, Labosky PA, Wright CVE, Brissova M, Powers AC. Vascular endothelial growth factor coordinates islet innervation via vascular scaffolding. Development 2014; 141:1480-91. [PMID: 24574008 DOI: 10.1242/dev.098657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurovascular alignment is a common anatomical feature of organs, but the mechanisms leading to this arrangement are incompletely understood. Here, we show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling profoundly affects both vascularization and innervation of the pancreatic islet. In mature islets, nerves are closely associated with capillaries, but the islet vascularization process during embryonic organogenesis significantly precedes islet innervation. Although a simple neuronal meshwork interconnects the developing islet clusters as they begin to form at E14.5, the substantial ingrowth of nerve fibers into islets occurs postnatally, when islet vascularization is already complete. Using genetic mouse models, we demonstrate that VEGF regulates islet innervation indirectly through its effects on intra-islet endothelial cells. Our data indicate that formation of a VEGF-directed, intra-islet vascular plexus is required for development of islet innervation, and that VEGF-induced islet hypervascularization leads to increased nerve fiber ingrowth. Transcriptome analysis of hypervascularized islets revealed an increased expression of extracellular matrix components and axon guidance molecules, with these transcripts being enriched in the islet-derived endothelial cell population. We propose a mechanism for coordinated neurovascular development within pancreatic islets, in which endocrine cell-derived VEGF directs the patterning of intra-islet capillaries during embryogenesis, forming a scaffold for the postnatal ingrowth of essential autonomic nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B Reinert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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