1
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Deek RA, Ma S, Lewis J, Li H. Statistical and computational methods for integrating microbiome, host genomics, and metabolomics data. eLife 2024; 13:e88956. [PMID: 38832759 PMCID: PMC11149933 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale microbiome studies are progressively utilizing multiomics designs, which include the collection of microbiome samples together with host genomics and metabolomics data. Despite the increasing number of data sources, there remains a bottleneck in understanding the relationships between different data modalities due to the limited number of statistical and computational methods for analyzing such data. Furthermore, little is known about the portability of general methods to the metagenomic setting and few specialized techniques have been developed. In this review, we summarize and implement some of the commonly used methods. We apply these methods to real data sets where shotgun metagenomic sequencing and metabolomics data are available for microbiome multiomics data integration analysis. We compare results across methods, highlight strengths and limitations of each, and discuss areas where statistical and computational innovation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Deek
- Department of Biostatistics, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - James Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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2
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Zhang Q, Wang H, Tian Y, Li J, Xin Y, Jiang X. Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the gut microbiome in oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1210807. [PMID: 38239501 PMCID: PMC10794669 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1210807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence supports an observational association between the gut microbiome and susceptibility to extraintestinal cancers, but the causal relationship of this association remains unclear. Methods To identify the specific causal gut microbiota of oral and oropharyngeal cancer, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of gut microbiota on oral and oropharyngeal cancer using a fixed-effects inverse-variance-weighted model. Gut microbiota across five different taxonomical levels from the MiBioGen genome-wide association study (GWAS) were used as exposures. Oral cancer, oropharyngeal cancer and a combination of the two cancers defined from three separate data sources were used as the outcomes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disease per standard deviation (SD) higher abundance of microbiome. Results & Conclusions There was little evidence for a causal effect of gut microbiota on oral and oropharyngeal cancer when using a genome-wide p-value threshold for selecting instruments. Secondary analyses using a more lenient p-value threshold indicated that there were 90 causal relationships between 58 different microbial features but that sensitivity analyses suggested that these were possibly affected by violations of MR assumptions and were not consistent across MR methodologies or data sources and therefore are also to unlikely reflect causation. These findings provide new insights into gut microbiota-mediated oral and oropharyngeal cancers and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihe Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Bhattacharjee P, Karim KA, Khan Z. Harnessing the Microbiome: A Comprehensive Review on Advancing Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatic Diseases. Cureus 2023; 15:e50964. [PMID: 38249228 PMCID: PMC10800157 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are a group of disorders that affect the joints, muscles, and bones. These diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and psoriatic arthritis, can cause pain, stiffness, and swelling, leading to reduced mobility and disability. Recent studies have identified the microbiome, the diverse community of microorganisms that live in and on the human body, as a potential factor in the development and progression of rheumatic diseases. Harnessing the microbiome offers a promising new avenue for developing therapeutic strategies for these debilitating conditions. There is growing interest in the role of oral and gut microbiomes in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disease. Microbial metabolites have immunomodulatory properties that could be exploited for rheumatic disorders. A wide range of microorganisms are present in the oral cavity and are found to be vulnerable to the effects of the environment. The physiology and ecology of the microbiota become intimately connected with those of the host, and they critically influence the promotion of health or progression toward disease. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on oral and gut microbiome and its potential future role in the management of rheumatic diseases. This article will also discuss newer treatment strategies such as bioinformatic analyses and fecal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Bhattacharjee
- Acute Medicine, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, GBR
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, GBR
| | - Karim Arif Karim
- Medicine and Surgery, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, MWI
| | - Zahid Khan
- Acute Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend-on-Sea, GBR
- Cardiology, Bart's Heart Centre, London, GBR
- Cardiology and General Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR
- Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, GBR
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4
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Muralitharan RR, Snelson M, Meric G, Coughlan MT, Marques FZ. Guidelines for microbiome studies in renal physiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F345-F362. [PMID: 37440367 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00072.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome research has increased dramatically in the last decade, including in renal health and disease. The field is moving from experiments showing mere association to causation using both forward and reverse microbiome approaches, leveraging tools such as germ-free animals, treatment with antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantations. However, we are still seeing a gap between discovery and translation that needs to be addressed, so that patients can benefit from microbiome-based therapies. In this guideline paper, we discuss the key considerations that affect the gut microbiome of animals and clinical studies assessing renal function, many of which are often overlooked, resulting in false-positive results. For animal studies, these include suppliers, acclimatization, baseline microbiota and its normalization, littermates and cohort/cage effects, diet, sex differences, age, circadian differences, antibiotics and sweeteners, and models used. Clinical studies have some unique considerations, which include sampling, gut transit time, dietary records, medication, and renal phenotypes. We provide best-practice guidance on sampling, storage, DNA extraction, and methods for microbial DNA sequencing (both 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenome). Finally, we discuss follow-up analyses, including tools available, metrics, and their interpretation, and the key challenges ahead in the microbiome field. By standardizing study designs, methods, and reporting, we will accelerate the findings from discovery to translation and result in new microbiome-based therapies that may improve renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikeish R Muralitharan
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guillaume Meric
- Cambridge-Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Quan Y, Zhang KX, Zhang HY. The gut microbiota links disease to human genome evolution. Trends Genet 2023; 39:451-461. [PMID: 36872184 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have established a causal relationship between the gut microbiota and human disease. In addition, the composition of the microbiota is substantially influenced by the human genome. Modern medical research has confirmed that the pathogenesis of various diseases is closely related to evolutionary events in the human genome. Specific regions of the human genome known as human accelerated regions (HARs) have evolved rapidly over several million years since humans diverged from a common ancestor with chimpanzees, and HARs have been found to be involved in some human-specific diseases. Furthermore, the HAR-regulated gut microbiota has undergone rapid changes during human evolution. We propose that the gut microbiota may serve as an important mediator linking diseases to human genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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6
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Basic M, Dardevet D, Abuja PM, Bolsega S, Bornes S, Caesar R, Calabrese FM, Collino M, De Angelis M, Gérard P, Gueimonde M, Leulier F, Untersmayr E, Van Rymenant E, De Vos P, Savary-Auzeloux I. Approaches to discern if microbiome associations reflect causation in metabolic and immune disorders. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2107386. [PMID: 35939623 PMCID: PMC9361767 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of microorganisms residing within our gut and their roles in the host metabolism and immunity advanced greatly over the past 20 years. Currently, microbiome studies are shifting from association and correlation studies to studies demonstrating causality of identified microbiome signatures and identification of molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions. This transformation is crucial for the efficient translation into clinical application and development of targeted strategies to beneficially modulate the intestinal microbiota. As mechanistic studies are still quite challenging to perform in humans, the causal role of microbiota is frequently evaluated in animal models that need to be appropriately selected. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on approaches that can be applied in addressing causality of host-microbe interactions in five major animal model organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, zebrafish, rodents, and pigs). We particularly focused on discussing methods available for studying the causality ranging from the usage of gut microbiota transfer, diverse models of metabolic and immune perturbations involving nutritional and chemical factors, gene modifications and surgically induced models, metabolite profiling up to culture-based approached. Furthermore, we addressed the impact of the gut morphology, physiology as well as diet on the microbiota composition in various models and resulting species specificities. Finally, we conclude this review with the discussion on models that can be applied to study the causal role of the gut microbiota in the context of metabolic syndrome and host immunity. We hope this review will facilitate important considerations for appropriate animal model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Peter Michael Abuja
- Diagnostic & Research Centre of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Bolsega
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Bornes
- University Clermont Auvergne, Inrae, VetAgro Sup, Umrf, Aurillac, France
| | - Robert Caesar
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Massimo Collino
- Rita Levi-Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Science, “Aldo Moro” University Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Philippe Gérard
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, IPLA-CSIC;Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - François Leulier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR5242 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelien Van Rymenant
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Ilvo), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Paul De Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France,CONTACT Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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7
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Sommer AJ, Peters A, Rommel M, Cyrys J, Grallert H, Haller D, Müller CL, Bind MAC. A randomization-based causal inference framework for uncovering environmental exposure effects on human gut microbiota. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010044. [PMID: 35533202 PMCID: PMC9129050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical analysis of microbial genomic data within epidemiological cohort studies holds the promise to assess the influence of environmental exposures on both the host and the host-associated microbiome. However, the observational character of prospective cohort data and the intricate characteristics of microbiome data make it challenging to discover causal associations between environment and microbiome. Here, we introduce a causal inference framework based on the Rubin Causal Model that can help scientists to investigate such environment-host microbiome relationships, to capitalize on existing, possibly powerful, test statistics, and test plausible sharp null hypotheses. Using data from the German KORA cohort study, we illustrate our framework by designing two hypothetical randomized experiments with interventions of (i) air pollution reduction and (ii) smoking prevention. We study the effects of these interventions on the human gut microbiome by testing shifts in microbial diversity, changes in individual microbial abundances, and microbial network wiring between groups of matched subjects via randomization-based inference. In the smoking prevention scenario, we identify a small interconnected group of taxa worth further scrutiny, including Christensenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae genera, that have been previously associated with blood metabolite changes. These findings demonstrate that our framework may uncover potentially causal links between environmental exposure and the gut microbiome from observational data. We anticipate the present statistical framework to be a good starting point for further discoveries on the role of the gut microbiome in environmental health. Environmental influences on the human gut microbiome are still to be discovered or better understood. In this paper, we contribute to the field of microbiome research and environmental epidemiology by suggesting a stage-based causal inference framework relying on the foundations of the Rubin Causal Model. A particularity of the framework is the use of randomization-based inference, which we value to be a necessary exploratory inference method when tackling untapped research questions. To illustrate the framework, we explore the effects of two inhaled environmental exposures previously hypothesized to be linked with gastrointestinal diseases and the gut microbiome: air pollution exposure and cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J. Sommer
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (AJS); (AP); (CLM)
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AJS); (AP); (CLM)
| | - Martina Rommel
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christian L. Müller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AJS); (AP); (CLM)
| | - Marie-Abèle C. Bind
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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8
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Wade KH, Yarmolinsky J, Giovannucci E, Lewis SJ, Millwood IY, Munafò MR, Meddens F, Burrows K, Bell JA, Davies NM, Mariosa D, Kanerva N, Vincent EE, Smith-Byrne K, Guida F, Gunter MJ, Sanderson E, Dudbridge F, Burgess S, Cornelis MC, Richardson TG, Borges MC, Bowden J, Hemani G, Cho Y, Spiller W, Richmond RC, Carter AR, Langdon R, Lawlor DA, Walters RG, Vimaleswaran KS, Anderson A, Sandu MR, Tilling K, Davey Smith G, Martin RM, Relton CL. Applying Mendelian randomization to appraise causality in relationships between nutrition and cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:631-652. [PMID: 35274198 PMCID: PMC9010389 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary factors are assumed to play an important role in cancer risk, apparent in consensus recommendations for cancer prevention that promote nutritional changes. However, the evidence in this field has been generated predominantly through observational studies, which may result in biased effect estimates because of confounding, exposure misclassification, and reverse causality. With major geographical differences and rapid changes in cancer incidence over time, it is crucial to establish which of the observational associations reflect causality and to identify novel risk factors as these may be modified to prevent the onset of cancer and reduce its progression. Mendelian randomization (MR) uses the special properties of germline genetic variation to strengthen causal inference regarding potentially modifiable exposures and disease risk. MR can be implemented through instrumental variable (IV) analysis and, when robustly performed, is generally less prone to confounding, reverse causation and measurement error than conventional observational methods and has different sources of bias (discussed in detail below). It is increasingly used to facilitate causal inference in epidemiology and provides an opportunity to explore the effects of nutritional exposures on cancer incidence and progression in a cost-effective and timely manner. Here, we introduce the concept of MR and discuss its current application in understanding the impact of nutritional factors (e.g., any measure of diet and nutritional intake, circulating biomarkers, patterns, preference or behaviour) on cancer aetiology and, thus, opportunities for MR to contribute to the development of nutritional recommendations and policies for cancer prevention. We provide applied examples of MR studies examining the role of nutritional factors in cancer to illustrate how this method can be used to help prioritise or deprioritise the evaluation of specific nutritional factors as intervention targets in randomised controlled trials. We describe possible biases when using MR, and methodological developments aimed at investigating and potentially overcoming these biases when present. Lastly, we consider the use of MR in identifying causally relevant nutritional risk factors for various cancers in different regions across the world, given notable geographical differences in some cancers. We also discuss how MR results could be translated into further research and policy. We conclude that findings from MR studies, which corroborate those from other well-conducted studies with different and orthogonal biases, are poised to substantially improve our understanding of nutritional influences on cancer. For such corroboration, there is a requirement for an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach to investigate risk factors for cancer incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H Wade
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - James Yarmolinsky
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU) and the Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fleur Meddens
- Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joshua A Bell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil M Davies
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniela Mariosa
- International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Emma E Vincent
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Florence Guida
- International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tom G Richardson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Research Innovation Learning and Development (RILD) Building, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yoonsu Cho
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Wes Spiller
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alice R Carter
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ryan Langdon
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU) and the Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Annie Anderson
- Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Meda R Sandu
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
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9
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Mennella JA, Li Y, Bittinger K, Friedman ES, Zhao C, Li H, Wu GD, Trabulsi JC. The Macronutrient Composition of Infant Formula Produces Differences in Gut Microbiota Maturation That Associate with Weight Gain Velocity and Weight Status. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061241. [PMID: 35334900 PMCID: PMC8951061 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This proof-of-principle study analyzed fecal samples from 30 infants who participated in a randomized controlled trial on the effects of the macronutrient composition of infant formula on growth and energy balance. In that study, infants randomized to be fed cow milk formula (CMF) had faster weight-gain velocity during the first 4 months and higher weight-for-length Z scores up to 11.5 months than those randomized to an isocaloric extensive protein hydrolysate formula (EHF). Here we examined associations among infant formula composition, gut microbial composition and maturation, and children’s weight status. Fecal samples collected before and monthly up to 4.5 months after randomization were analyzed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and targeted metabolomics. The EHF group had faster maturation of gut microbiota than the CMF group, and increased alpha diversity driven by Clostridia taxa. Abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus distinguished the two groups after exclusive feeding of the assigned formula for 3 months. Abundance of Clostridia at 3–4 months negatively correlated with prior weight-gain velocity and body weight phenotypes when they became toddlers. Macronutrient differences between the formulas likely led to the observed divergence in gut microbiota composition that was associated with differences in transient rapid weight gain, a well-established predictor of childhood obesity and other comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.B.); (C.Z.)
| | - Elliot S. Friedman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.S.F.); (G.D.W.)
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.B.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Gary D. Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.S.F.); (G.D.W.)
| | - Jillian C. Trabulsi
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-831-4991
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10
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Ryu EP, Davenport ER. Host Genetic Determinants of the Microbiome Across Animals: From Caenorhabditis elegans to Cattle. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2022; 10:203-226. [PMID: 35167316 PMCID: PMC11000414 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020420-032054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Animals harbor diverse communities of microbes within their gastrointestinal tracts. Phylogenetic relationship, diet, gut morphology, host physiology, and ecology all influence microbiome composition within and between animal clades. Emerging evidence points to host genetics as also playing a role in determining gut microbial composition within species. Here, we discuss recent advances in the study of microbiome heritability across a variety of animal species. Candidate gene and discovery-based studies in humans, mice, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, cattle, swine, poultry, and baboons reveal trends in the types of microbes that are heritable and the host genes and pathways involved in shaping the microbiome. Heritable gut microbes within a host species tend to be phylogenetically restricted. Host genetic variation in immune- and growth-related genes drives the abundances of these heritable bacteria within the gut. With only a small slice of the metazoan branch of the tree of life explored to date, this is an area rife with opportunities to shed light into the mechanisms governing host-microbe relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P Ryu
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
| | - Emily R Davenport
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Lopera-Maya EA, Kurilshikov A, van der Graaf A, Hu S, Andreu-Sánchez S, Chen L, Vila AV, Gacesa R, Sinha T, Collij V, Klaassen MAY, Bolte LA, Gois MFB, Neerincx PBT, Swertz MA, Harmsen HJM, Wijmenga C, Fu J, Weersma RK, Zhernakova A, Sanna S. Effect of host genetics on the gut microbiome in 7,738 participants of the Dutch Microbiome Project. Nat Genet 2022; 54:143-151. [PMID: 35115690 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Host genetics are known to influence the gut microbiome, yet their role remains poorly understood. To robustly characterize these effects, we performed a genome-wide association study of 207 taxa and 205 pathways representing microbial composition and function in 7,738 participants of the Dutch Microbiome Project. Two robust, study-wide significant (P < 1.89 × 10-10) signals near the LCT and ABO genes were found to be associated with multiple microbial taxa and pathways and were replicated in two independent cohorts. The LCT locus associations seemed modulated by lactose intake, whereas those at ABO could be explained by participant secretor status determined by their FUT2 genotype. Twenty-two other loci showed suggestive evidence (P < 5 × 10-8) of association with microbial taxa and pathways. At a more lenient threshold, the number of loci we identified strongly correlated with trait heritability, suggesting that much larger sample sizes are needed to elucidate the remaining effects of host genetics on the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Lopera-Maya
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan van der Graaf
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shixian Hu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lianmin Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arnau Vich Vila
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ranko Gacesa
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Trishla Sinha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Valerie Collij
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjiolein A Y Klaassen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura A Bolte
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Milla F Brandao Gois
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter B T Neerincx
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Serena Sanna
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy.
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12
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Qin Y, Havulinna AS, Liu Y, Jousilahti P, Ritchie SC, Tokolyi A, Sanders JG, Valsta L, Brożyńska M, Zhu Q, Tripathi A, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Loomba R, Cheng S, Jain M, Niiranen T, Lahti L, Knight R, Salomaa V, Inouye M, Méric G. Combined effects of host genetics and diet on human gut microbiota and incident disease in a single population cohort. Nat Genet 2022; 54:134-142. [PMID: 35115689 PMCID: PMC9883041 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human genetic variation affects the gut microbiota through a complex combination of environmental and host factors. Here we characterize genetic variations associated with microbial abundances in a single large-scale population-based cohort of 5,959 genotyped individuals with matched gut microbial metagenomes, and dietary and health records (prevalent and follow-up). We identified 567 independent SNP-taxon associations. Variants at the LCT locus associated with Bifidobacterium and other taxa, but they differed according to dairy intake. Furthermore, levels of Faecalicatena lactaris associated with ABO, and suggested preferential utilization of secreted blood antigens as energy source in the gut. Enterococcus faecalis levels associated with variants in the MED13L locus, which has been linked to colorectal cancer. Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a potential causal effect of Morganella on major depressive disorder, consistent with observational incident disease analysis. Overall, we identify and characterize the intricate nature of host-microbiota interactions and their association with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Qin
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM-HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yang Liu
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Scott C Ritchie
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex Tokolyi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jon G Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Institute for Host-Microbe Interaction and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Liisa Valsta
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marta Brożyńska
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anupriya Tripathi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
| | - Guillaume Méric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Mongodin EF, Saxena V, Iyyathurai J, Lakhan R, Ma B, Silverman E, Lee ZL, Bromberg JS. Chronic rejection as a persisting phantom menace in organ transplantation: a new hope in the microbiota? Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2021; 26:567-581. [PMID: 34714788 PMCID: PMC8556501 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The microbiota plays an important role in health and disease. During organ transplantation, perturbations in microbiota influence transplant outcome. We review recent advances in characterizing microbiota and studies on regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier function and mucosal and systemic immunity by microbiota and their metabolites. We discuss implications of these interactions on transplant outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Metagenomic approaches have helped the research community identify beneficial and harmful organisms. Microbiota regulates intestinal epithelial functions. Signals released by epithelial cells or microbiota trigger pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on innate and adaptive immune cells, influencing the structure and function of the immune system. Assessment and manipulation of microbiota can be used for biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. SUMMARY The bidirectional dialogue between the microbiota and immune system is a major influence on immunity. It can be targeted for biomarkers or therapy. Recent studies highlight a close association of transplant outcomes with microbiota, suggesting exciting potential avenues for management of host physiology and organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel F. Mongodin
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jegan Iyyathurai
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ram Lakhan
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bing Ma
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emma Silverman
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachariah L. Lee
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Nichols RG, Davenport ER. The relationship between the gut microbiome and host gene expression: a review. Hum Genet 2021; 140:747-760. [PMID: 33221945 PMCID: PMC7680557 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing knowledge surrounding host-microbiome interactions, we are just beginning to understand how the gut microbiome influences-and is influenced by-host gene expression. Here, we review recent literature that intersects these two fields, summarizing themes across studies. Work in model organisms, human biopsies, and cell culture demonstrate that the gut microbiome is an important regulator of several host pathways relevant for disease, including immune development and energy metabolism, and vice versa. The gut microbiome remodels host chromatin, causes differential splicing, alters the epigenetic landscape, and directly interrupts host signaling cascades. Emerging techniques like single-cell RNA sequencing and organoid generation have the potential to refine our understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiome and host gene expression in the future. By intersecting microbiome and host gene expression, we gain a window into the physiological processes important for fostering the extensive cross-kingdom interactions and ultimately our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Nichols
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Emily R. Davenport
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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15
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Lv BM, Quan Y, Zhang HY. Causal Inference in Microbiome Medicine: Principles and Applications. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:736-746. [PMID: 33895062 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms that colonize the mammalian skin and cavity play critical roles in various physiological functions of the host. Numerous studies have revealed strong associations between the microbiota and multiple diseases. However, association does not mean causation. To clarify the mechanisms underlying microbiota-mediated diseases, research is moving from associative analyses to causation studies. In this article, we first introduce the principles of the computational methods for causal inference, and then discuss the applications of these methods in microbiome medicine. Furthermore, we examine the reliability of theoretically inferred causality by the interventionist framework. Finally, we show the potential of confirmed causality in microbiota-targeted therapy, especially in personalized dietary intervention. We conclude that a comprehensive understanding of the causal relationships between diets, microbiota, host targets, and diseases is critical to future microbiome medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Min Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
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16
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Rühlemann MC, Hermes BM, Bang C, Doms S, Moitinho-Silva L, Thingholm LB, Frost F, Degenhardt F, Wittig M, Kässens J, Weiss FU, Peters A, Neuhaus K, Völker U, Völzke H, Homuth G, Weiss S, Grallert H, Laudes M, Lieb W, Haller D, Lerch MM, Baines JF, Franke A. Genome-wide association study in 8,956 German individuals identifies influence of ABO histo-blood groups on gut microbiome. Nat Genet 2021; 53:147-155. [PMID: 33462482 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is implicated as an important modulating factor in multiple inflammatory1,2, neurologic3 and neoplastic diseases4. Recent genome-wide association studies yielded inconsistent, underpowered and rarely replicated results such that the role of human host genetics as a contributing factor to microbiome assembly and structure remains uncertain5-11. Nevertheless, twin studies clearly suggest host genetics as a driver of microbiome composition11. In a genome-wide association analysis of 8,956 German individuals, we identified 38 genetic loci to be associated with single bacteria and overall microbiome composition. Further analyses confirm the identified associations of ABO histo-blood groups and FUT2 secretor status with Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium spp. Mendelian randomization analysis suggests causative and protective effects of gut microbes, with clade-specific effects on inflammatory bowel disease. This holistic investigative approach of the host, its genetics and its associated microbial communities as a 'metaorganism' broaden our understanding of disease etiology, and emphasize the potential for implementing microbiota in disease treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Britt Marie Hermes
- Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Shauni Doms
- Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lucas Moitinho-Silva
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Frost
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Kässens
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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17
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Kurilshikov A, Medina-Gomez C, Bacigalupe R, Radjabzadeh D, Wang J, Demirkan A, Le Roy CI, Raygoza Garay JA, Finnicum CT, Liu X, Zhernakova DV, Bonder MJ, Hansen TH, Frost F, Rühlemann MC, Turpin W, Moon JY, Kim HN, Lüll K, Barkan E, Shah SA, Fornage M, Szopinska-Tokov J, Wallen ZD, Borisevich D, Agreus L, Andreasson A, Bang C, Bedrani L, Bell JT, Bisgaard H, Boehnke M, Boomsma DI, Burk RD, Claringbould A, Croitoru K, Davies GE, van Duijn CM, Duijts L, Falony G, Fu J, van der Graaf A, Hansen T, Homuth G, Hughes DA, Ijzerman RG, Jackson MA, Jaddoe VWV, Joossens M, Jørgensen T, Keszthelyi D, Knight R, Laakso M, Laudes M, Launer LJ, Lieb W, Lusis AJ, Masclee AAM, Moll HA, Mujagic Z, Qibin Q, Rothschild D, Shin H, Sørensen SJ, Steves CJ, Thorsen J, Timpson NJ, Tito RY, Vieira-Silva S, Völker U, Völzke H, Võsa U, Wade KH, Walter S, Watanabe K, Weiss S, Weiss FU, Weissbrod O, Westra HJ, Willemsen G, Payami H, Jonkers DMAE, Arias Vasquez A, de Geus EJC, Meyer KA, Stokholm J, Segal E, Org E, Wijmenga C, Kim HL, Kaplan RC, Spector TD, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Franke A, Lerch MM, Franke L, Sanna S, D'Amato M, Pedersen O, Paterson AD, Kraaij R, Raes J, Zhernakova A. Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition. Nat Genet 2021; 53:156-165. [PMID: 33462485 PMCID: PMC8515199 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 712] [Impact Index Per Article: 237.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of host genetics on gut microbiome composition, the MiBioGen consortium curated and analyzed genome-wide genotypes and 16S fecal microbiome data from 18,340 individuals (24 cohorts). Microbial composition showed high variability across cohorts: only 9 of 410 genera were detected in more than 95% of samples. A genome-wide association study of host genetic variation regarding microbial taxa identified 31 loci affecting the microbiome at a genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10-8) threshold. One locus, the lactase (LCT) gene locus, reached study-wide significance (genome-wide association study signal: P = 1.28 × 10-20), and it showed an age-dependent association with Bifidobacterium abundance. Other associations were suggestive (1.95 × 10-10 < P < 5 × 10-8) but enriched for taxa showing high heritability and for genes expressed in the intestine and brain. A phenome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization identified enrichment of microbiome trait loci in the metabolic, nutrition and environment domains and suggested the microbiome might have causal effects in ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Bacigalupe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Djawad Radjabzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Caroline I Le Roy
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Casey T Finnicum
- Avera Institute of Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Xingrong Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daria V Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Computer Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tue H Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Frost
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Malte C Rühlemann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Williams Turpin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kreete Lüll
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elad Barkan
- Department of Computer Science and Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shiraz A Shah
- COPSAC, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna Szopinska-Tokov
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Zachary D Wallen
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dmitrii Borisevich
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Agreus
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Larbi Bedrani
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Annique Claringbould
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gareth E Davies
- Avera Institute of Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gwen Falony
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan van der Graaf
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - David A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard G Ijzerman
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew A Jackson
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Joossens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region of Copenhagen and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation and Department of Bioengeering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Henriette A Moll
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zlatan Mujagic
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Qi Qibin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daphna Rothschild
- Department of Computer Science and Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Raul Y Tito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kaitlin H Wade
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Susanna Walter
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank U Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Omer Weissbrod
- School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Haydeh Payami
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Daisy M A E Jonkers
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katie A Meyer
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elin Org
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Serena Sanna
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, National Research Council, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Groot HE, van de Vegte YJ, Verweij N, Lipsic E, Karper JC, van der Harst P. Human genetic determinants of the gut microbiome and their associations with health and disease: a phenome-wide association study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14771. [PMID: 32901066 PMCID: PMC7479141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-scale studies have suggested a link between the human gut microbiome and highly prevalent diseases. However, the extent to which the human gut microbiome can be considered a determinant of disease and healthy aging remains unknown. We aimed to determine the spectrum of diseases that are linked to the human gut microbiome through the utilization of its genetic determinants as a proxy for its composition. 180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to influence the human gut microbiome were used to assess the association with health and disease outcomes in 422,417 UK Biobank participants. Potential causal estimates were obtained using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. From the total sample analysed (mean age was 57 ± 8 years), 194,567 (46%) subjects were male. Median exposure was 66-person years (interquartile range 59-72). Eleven SNPs were significantly associated with 28 outcomes (Bonferroni corrected P value < 4.63·10-6) including food intake, hypertension, atopy, COPD, BMI, and lipids. Multiple SNP MR pointed to a possible causal link between Ruminococcus flavefaciens and hypertension, and Clostridium and platelet count. Microbiota and their metabolites might be of importance in the interplay between overlapping pathophysiological processes, although challenges remain in establishing causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde E Groot
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yordi J van de Vegte
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lipsic
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco C Karper
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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19
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Hughes DA, Bacigalupe R, Wang J, Rühlemann MC, Tito RY, Falony G, Joossens M, Vieira-Silva S, Henckaerts L, Rymenans L, Verspecht C, Ring S, Franke A, Wade KH, Timpson NJ, Raes J. Genome-wide associations of human gut microbiome variation and implications for causal inference analyses. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:1079-1087. [PMID: 32572223 PMCID: PMC7610462 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent population-based1-4 and clinical studies5 have identified a range of factors associated with human gut microbiome variation. Murine quantitative trait loci6, human twin studies7 and microbiome genome-wide association studies1,3,8-12 have provided evidence for genetic contributions to microbiome composition. Despite this, there is still poor overlap in genetic association across human studies. Using appropriate taxon-specific models, along with support from independent cohorts, we show an association between human host genotype and gut microbiome variation. We also suggest that interpretation of applied analyses using genetic associations is complicated by the probable overlap between genetic contributions and heritable components of host environment. Using faecal 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences and host genotype data from the Flemish Gut Flora Project (n = 2,223) and two German cohorts (FoCus, n = 950; PopGen, n = 717), we identify genetic associations involving multiple microbial traits. Two of these associations achieved a study-level threshold of P = 1.57 × 10-10; an association between Ruminococcus and rs150018970 near RAPGEF1 on chromosome 9, and between Coprococcus and rs561177583 within LINC01787 on chromosome 1. Exploratory analyses were undertaken using 11 other genome-wide associations with strong evidence for association (P < 2.5 × 10-8) and a previously reported signal of association between rs4988235 (MCM6/LCT) and Bifidobacterium. Across these 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms there was evidence of signal overlap with other genome-wide association studies, including those for age at menarche and cardiometabolic traits. Mendelian randomization analysis was able to estimate associations between microbial traits and disease (including Bifidobacterium and body composition); however, in the absence of clear microbiome-driven effects, caution is needed in interpretation. Overall, this work marks a growing catalogue of genetic associations that will provide insight into the contribution of host genotype to gut microbiome. Despite this, the uncertain origin of association signals will likely complicate future work looking to dissect function or use associations for causal inference analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rodrigo Bacigalupe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Malte C Rühlemann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Raul Y Tito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gwen Falony
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Joossens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Henckaerts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, KU Leuven-University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Rymenans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chloë Verspecht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan Ring
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Bioresource Laboratories, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kaitlin H Wade
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
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