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Lee EB, Lee K. Coptis rhizome extract influence on Streptococcus pneumoniae through autolysin activation. AMB Express 2024; 14:79. [PMID: 38965154 PMCID: PMC11224187 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antibacterial properties of Coptis rhizome, a plant traditionally used for respiratory infections, against Streptoccus pneumonia (S. pneumoniae), for which there has been minimal empirical evidence of effectiveness. The study particularly examined autolysis, indirectly associated with antibacterial resistance, when using Coptis rhizome for bacterial infections. In our methodology, Coptis rhizome was processed with ethanol and distilled water to produce four different extracts: CRET30, CRET50, CRET70, and CRDW. The antibacterial activity of these extracts were tested through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assays, disk diffusion tests, and time-kill assays, targeting both standard (ATCC 49619) and resistant (ATCC 70067) strains. The study also evaluated the extracts' biofilm inhibition properties and monitored the expression of the lyt gene, integral to autolysis. The results prominently showed that the CRET70 extract demonstrated remarkable antibacterial strength. It achieved an MIC of 0.125 µg/mL against both tested S. pneumoniae strains. The disk diffusion assay recorded inhibition zones of 22.17 mm for ATCC 49619 and 17.20 mm for ATCC 70067. Impressively, CRET70 resulted in a 2-log decrease in bacterial numbers for both strains, showcasing its potent bactericidal capacity. The extract was also effective in inhibiting 77.40% of biofilm formation. Additionally, the significant overexpression of the lytA gene in the presence of CRET70 pointed to a potential mechanism of action for its antibacterial effects. The outcomes provided new perspectives on the use of Coptis rhizome in combating S. pneumoniae, especially significant in an era of escalating antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Materials, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Altawalbeh SM, Wateska AR, Nowalk MP, Lin CJ, Harrison LH, Schaffner W, Zimmerman RK, Smith KJ. Societal Cost of Racial Pneumococcal Disease Disparities in US Adults Aged 50 Years or Older. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2024; 22:61-71. [PMID: 37966698 PMCID: PMC10894512 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-023-00854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the societal cost of racial disparities in pneumococcal disease among US adults aged ≥ 50 years. METHODS In a model-based analysis, societal costs of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and hospitalized nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBP) were estimated using (1) direct medical costs plus indirect costs of acute illness; (2) indirect costs of pneumococcal mortality; and (3) direct and indirect costs of related disability. Disparities costs were calculated as differences in average per-person pneumococcal disease cost between Black and non-Black adults aged ≥ 50 years multiplied by the Black population aged ≥ 50 years. Costs were in 2019 US dollars (US$), with future costs discounted at 3% per year. RESULTS Total direct and indirect costs per IPD case were US$186,791 in Black populations and US$182,689 in non-Black populations; total hospitalized NBP costs per case were US$100,632 (Black) and US$96,781 (non-Black). The difference in population per-person total pneumococcal disease costs between Black and non-Black adults was US$47.85. Combined societal costs of disparities for IPD and hospitalized NBP totaled US$673.2 million for Black adults aged ≥ 50 years. Disease and disability risks, life expectancy, and case-fatality rates were influential in one-way sensitivity analyses, but the lowest cost across all analyses was US$194 million. The 95% probability range of racial disparity costs were US$227.2-US$1156.9 million in a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS US societal cost of racial pneumococcal disease disparities in persons aged ≥ 50 years is substantial. Successful pneumococcal vaccination policy and programmatic interventions to mitigate these disparities could decrease costs and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoroq M Altawalbeh
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Angela R Wateska
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Lee H Harrison
- Center for Genomic Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth J Smith
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Chen Y, Li L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Necrotizing Pneumonia in Children: Early Recognition and Management. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062256. [PMID: 36983257 PMCID: PMC10051935 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is an uncommon complicated pneumonia with an increasing incidence. Early recognition and timely management can bring excellent outcomes. The diagnosis of NP depends on chest computed tomography, which has radiation damage and may miss the optimal treatment time. The present review aimed to elaborate on the reported predictors for NP. The possible pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and coinfection, clinical manifestations and management were also discussed. Although there is still a long way for these predictors to be used in clinical, it is necessary to investigate early predictors for NP in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Lanxin Li
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yunlian Zhou
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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4
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Characterization of the innate immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010586. [PMID: 36622851 PMCID: PMC9858863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is one of the most frequent causes of pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis in humans, and an important cause of mortality among children and the elderly. We have previously reported the suitability of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) larval model for the study of the host-pathogen interactions in pneumococcal infection. In the present study, we characterized the zebrafish innate immune response to pneumococcus in detail through a whole-genome level transcriptome analysis and revealed a well-conserved response to this human pathogen in challenged larvae. In addition, to gain understanding of the genetic factors associated with the increased risk for severe pneumococcal infection in humans, we carried out a medium-scale forward genetic screen in zebrafish. In the screen, we identified a mutant fish line which showed compromised resistance to pneumococcus in the septic larval infection model. The transcriptome analysis of the mutant zebrafish larvae revealed deficient expression of a gene homologous for human C-reactive protein (CRP). Furthermore, knockout of one of the six zebrafish crp genes by CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis predisposed zebrafish larvae to a more severe pneumococcal infection, and the phenotype was further augmented by concomitant knockdown of a gene for another Crp isoform. This suggests a conserved function of C-reactive protein in anti-pneumococcal immunity in zebrafish. Altogether, this study highlights the similarity of the host response to pneumococcus in zebrafish and humans, gives evidence of the conserved role of C-reactive protein in the defense against pneumococcus, and suggests novel host genes associated with pneumococcal infection.
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5
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Narváez PO, Gomez-Duque S, Alarcon JE, Ramirez-Valbuena PC, Serrano-Mayorga CC, Lozada-Arcinegas J, Bastidas A, Gómez S, Vargas H, Feldman C, Reyes LF. Invasive pneumococcal disease burden in hospitalized adults in Bogota, Colombia. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1059. [PMID: 34641809 PMCID: PMC8507327 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) varies depending on a number of factors, including vaccine uptake, in both children and adults, the geographic location, and local serotype prevalence. There are limited data about the burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), serotype distribution, and clinical characteristics of adults hospitalized due to IPD in Colombia. The objectives of this study included assessment of Spn serotype distribution, clinical characteristics, mortality, ICU admission, and the need for mechanical ventilation. Methods This was an observational, retrospective, a citywide study conducted between 2012 and 2019 in Bogotá, Colombia. We analyzed reported positive cases of IPD from 55 hospitals in a governmental pneumococcal surveillance program. Pneumococcal strains were isolated in each hospital and typified in a centralized laboratory. This is a descriptive study stratified by age and subtypes of IPD obtained through the analysis of medical records. Results A total of 310 patients with IPD were included, of whom 45.5% were female. The leading cause of IPD was pneumonia (60%, 186/310), followed by meningitis. The most frequent serotypes isolated were 19A (13.87%, 43/310) and 3 (11.94%, 37/310). The overall hospital mortality rate was 30.3% (94/310). Moreover, 52.6% (163/310 patients) were admitted to the ICU, 45.5% (141/310) required invasive mechanical ventilation and 5.1% (16/310) non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion Pneumococcal pneumonia is the most prevalent cause of IPD, with serotypes 19A and 3 being the leading cause of IPD in Colombian adults. Mortality due to IPD in adults continues to be very high. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06769-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula O Narváez
- Universidad de la Sabana, Campus Puente del Común, KM 7.5 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | - Salome Gomez-Duque
- Universidad de la Sabana, Campus Puente del Común, KM 7.5 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | - Juan E Alarcon
- Universidad de la Sabana, Campus Puente del Común, KM 7.5 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | - Paula C Ramirez-Valbuena
- Universidad de la Sabana, Campus Puente del Común, KM 7.5 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | | | - Julian Lozada-Arcinegas
- Universidad de la Sabana, Campus Puente del Común, KM 7.5 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | - Alirio Bastidas
- Universidad de la Sabana, Campus Puente del Común, KM 7.5 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | - Sandra Gómez
- Grupo Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Bogotá, Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernan Vargas
- Grupo Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Bogotá, Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Charles Feldman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Luis Felipe Reyes
- Universidad de la Sabana, Campus Puente del Común, KM 7.5 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia. .,Clínica Universidad de la Sabana, Chía, Colombia.
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Nzoyikorera N, Diawara I, Fresia P, Maaloum F, Katfy K, Nayme K, Maaloum M, Cornick J, Chaguza C, Timinouni M, Belabess H, Zerouali K, Elmdaghri N. Whole genomic comparative analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 isolates causing invasive and non-invasive infections among children under 5 years in Casablanca, Morocco. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:39. [PMID: 33413118 PMCID: PMC7792055 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 remains a leading cause of invasive pneumococcal diseases, even in countries with PCV-10/PCV-13 vaccine implementation. The main objective of this study, which is part of the Pneumococcal African Genome project (PAGe), was to determine the phylogenetic relationships of serotype 1 isolates recovered from children patients in Casablanca (Morocco), compared to these from other African countries; and to investigate the contribution of accessory genes and recombination events to the genetic diversity of this serotype. RESULTS The genome average size of the six-pneumococcus serotype 1 from Casablanca was 2,227,119 bp, and the average content of coding sequences was 2113, ranging from 2041 to 2161. Pangenome analysis of the 80 genomes used in this study revealed 1685 core genes and 1805 accessory genes. The phylogenetic tree based on core genes and the hierarchical bayesian clustering analysis revealed five sublineages with a phylogeographic structure by country. The Moroccan strains cluster in two different lineages, the five invasive strains clusters altogether in a divergent clade distantly related to the non-invasive strain, that cluster with all the serotype 1 genomes from Africa. CONCLUSIONS The whole genome sequencing provides increased resolution analysis of the highly virulent serotype 1 in Casablanca, Morocco. Our results are concordant with previous works, showing that the phylogeography of S. pneumoniae serotype 1 is structured by country, and despite the small size (six isolates) of the Moroccan sample, our analysis shows the genetic cohesion of the Moroccan invasive isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néhémie Nzoyikorera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Idrissa Diawara
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS) of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Pablo Fresia
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Pasteur + INIA Joint Unit (UMPI), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fakhreddine Maaloum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khalid Katfy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Kaotar Nayme
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mossaab Maaloum
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer Cornick
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Mohammed Timinouni
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houria Belabess
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khalid Zerouali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Naima Elmdaghri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco
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7
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Qi Z, Guo Y, Zhang H, Yu Q, Zhang P. Betulin attenuates pneumolysin-induced cell injury and DNA damage. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:843-851. [PMID: 32621771 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pneumolysin, a pore-forming toxin, is an important virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae with multiple biological activity, such as cell lysis and DNA damage. Thus, targeting this toxin is alternative strategy for the treatment of S. pneumoniae infection. METHODS AND RESULTS Haemolysin assay was performed to identify the potential PLY inhibitor. The mechanism by which betulin, a natural compound from birch bark, against PLY was determined via MICs determination, western blot analysis and oligomerization analysis. Cytotoxicity and Immunofluorescence assays were further used to evaluate the protection of betulin against PLY-induced cell injury and DNA damage. Here, betulin, a natural compound from birch bark, was indentified as an effective inhibitor of PLY. Importantly, at the concentrations required for such inhibition, betulin has no influence on S. pneumoniae viability or PLY production. The interaction of betulin with PLY restrict the olgomerizaiton of this toxin and, thus, directly neutralizing the activity of PLY. Additionally, betulin treatment alleviate PLY induced cells injury and DNA damage in the co-culture system of PLY and A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS Betulin could be used as a promising leading compound against S. pneumoniae virulence by directly targeting PLY without antibacterial activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results presented in this work provided a novel strategy and candidate for S. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Q Yu
- Jilin Provincial Animal Disease Control Center, Changchun, China
| | - P Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Liang J, Mantelos A, Toh ZQ, Tortorella SM, Ververis K, Vongsvivut J, Bambery KR, Licciardi PV, Hung A, Karagiannis TC. Investigation of potential anti-pneumococcal effects of l-sulforaphane and metabolites: Insights from synchrotron-FTIR microspectroscopy and molecular docking studies. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 97:107568. [PMID: 32097886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae infection can lead to pneumococcal disease, a major cause of mortality in children under the age of five years. In low- and middle-income country settings where pneumococcal disease burden is high, vaccine use is low and widespread antibiotic use has led to increased rates of multi-drug resistant pneumococci. l-sulforaphane (LSF), derived from broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, has established anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-microbial properties. Hence, we sought to investigate the potential role of LSF against pneumococcal infection. Using a combination of in vitro and computational methods, the results showed that LSF and relevant metabolites had a potential to reduce pneumococcal adherence through modulation of host receptors, regulation of inflammation, or through direct modification of bacterial factors. Treatment with LSF and metabolites reduced pneumococcal adherence to respiratory epithelial cells. Synchrotron-Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (S-FTIR) revealed biochemical changes in protein and lipid profiles of lung epithelial cells following treatment with LSF or metabolites. Molecular docking studies of 116 pneumococcal and 89 host factors revealed a potent effect for the metabolite LSF-glutathione (GSH). A comprehensive list of factors involved in interactions between S. pneumoniae and host cells was compiled to construct a bacterium and host interaction network. Network analysis revealed plasminogen, fibronectin, and RrgA as key factors involved in pneumococcal-host interactions. Therefore, we propose that these constitute critical targets for direct inhibition by LSF and/or metabolites, which may disrupt pneumococcal-host adherence. Overall, our findings further enhance understanding of the potential role of LSF to modulate pneumococcal-host dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Liang
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Anita Mantelos
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Tortorella
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Katherine Ververis
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | | | - Keith R Bambery
- ANSTO Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Tom C Karagiannis
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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9
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Devraj G, Guérit S, Seele J, Spitzer D, Macas J, Khel MI, Heidemann R, Braczynski AK, Ballhorn W, Günther S, Ogunshola OO, Mittelbronn M, Ködel U, Monoranu CM, Plate KH, Hammerschmidt S, Nau R, Devraj K, Kempf VAJ. HIF-1α is involved in blood-brain barrier dysfunction and paracellular migration of bacteria in pneumococcal meningitis. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:183-208. [PMID: 32529267 PMCID: PMC7360668 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a deadly disease most commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, leading to severe neurological sequelae including cerebral edema, seizures, stroke, and mortality when untreated. Meningitis is initiated by the transfer of S. pneumoniae from blood to the brain across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier or the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Current treatment strategies include adjuvant dexamethasone for inflammation and cerebral edema, followed by antibiotics. The success of dexamethasone is however inconclusive, necessitating new therapies for controlling edema, the primary reason for neurological complications. Since we have previously shown a general activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) in bacterial infections, we hypothesized that HIF-1α, via induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in transmigration of pathogens across the BBB. In human, murine meningitis brain samples, HIF-1α activation was observed by immunohistochemistry. S. pneumoniae infection in brain endothelial cells (EC) resulted in in vitro upregulation of HIF-1α/VEGF (Western blotting/qRT-PCR) associated with increased paracellular permeability (fluorometry, impedance measurements). This was supported by bacterial localization at cell-cell junctions in vitro and in vivo in brain ECs from mouse and humans (confocal, super-resolution, electron microscopy, live-cell imaging). Hematogenously infected mice showed increased permeability, S. pneumoniae deposition in the brain, along with upregulation of genes in the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway (RNA sequencing of brain microvessels). Inhibition of HIF-1α with echinomycin, siRNA in bEnd5 cells or using primary brain ECs from HIF-1α knock-out mice revealed reduced endothelial permeability and transmigration of S. pneumoniae. Therapeutic rescue using the HIF-1α inhibitor echinomycin resulted in increased survival and improvement of BBB function in S. pneumoniae-infected mice. We thus demonstrate paracellular migration of bacteria across BBB and a critical role for HIF-1α/VEGF therein and hence propose targeting this pathway to prevent BBB dysfunction and ensuing brain damage in infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Devraj
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sylvaine Guérit
- Edinger Institute/Neurological Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jana Seele
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany ,Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Göttingen-Weende, Germany
| | - Daniel Spitzer
- Edinger Institute/Neurological Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ,Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jadranka Macas
- Edinger Institute/Neurological Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maryam I. Khel
- Edinger Institute/Neurological Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roxana Heidemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne K. Braczynski
- Edinger Institute/Neurological Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ,Department of Neurology, Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wibke Ballhorn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Edinger Institute/Neurological Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg, Luxembourg ,Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg ,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg ,NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Uwe Ködel
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Camelia M. Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl H. Plate
- Edinger Institute/Neurological Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Roland Nau
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kavi Devraj
- Edinger Institute/Neurological Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Volkhard A. J. Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Interleukin 17 Receptor E (IL-17RE) and IL-17C Mediate the Recruitment of Neutrophils during Acute Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00329-19. [PMID: 31481409 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00329-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils contribute to lung injury in acute pneumococcal pneumonia. The interleukin 17 receptor E (IL-17RE) is the functional receptor for the epithelial-derived cytokine IL-17C, which is known to mediate innate immune functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of IL-17RE/IL-17C to pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of acute Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Numbers of neutrophils and the expression levels of the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were decreased in lungs of IL-17RE-deficient (Il-17re-/- ) mice infected with S. pneumoniae Numbers of alveolar macrophages rapidly declined in both wild-type (WT) and Il-17re-/- mice and recovered 72 h after infection. There were no clear differences in the elimination of bacteria and numbers of blood granulocytes between infected WT and Il-17re-/- mice. The fractions of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) were significantly reduced in infected Il-17re-/- mice. Numbers of neutrophils were significantly reduced in lungs of mice deficient for IL-17C 24 h after infection with S. pneumoniae These data indicate that the IL-17C/IL-17RE axis promotes the recruitment of neutrophils without affecting the recovery of alveolar macrophages in the acute phase of S. pneumoniae lung infection.
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11
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Impact of Cefotaxime Non-susceptibility on the Clinical Outcomes of Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081150. [PMID: 31374996 PMCID: PMC6722634 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to analyze the impact of cefotaxime non-susceptibility on the 30-day mortality rate in patients receiving a third-generation cephalosporin for pneumococcal bacteremic pneumonia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of prospectively collected data from the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. All adult patients with monomicrobial bacteremic pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and treated with a third-generation cephalosporin from January 1991 to December 2016 were included. Risk factors associated with 30-day mortality were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: During the study period, 721 eligible episodes were identified, and data on the susceptibility to cefotaxime was obtainable for 690 episodes. Sixty six (10%) cases were due to a cefotaxime non-susceptible strain with a 30-day mortality rate of 8%. Variables associated with 30-day mortality were age, chronic liver disease, septic shock, and the McCabe score. Infection by a cefotaxime non-susceptible S. pneumoniae did not increase the mortality rate. Conclusion: Despite the prevalence of cefotaxime, non-susceptible S. pneumoniae has increased in recent years. We found no evidence to suggest that patients hospitalized with bacteremic pneumonia due to these strains had worse clinical outcomes than patients with susceptible strains.
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12
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Janesch P, Rouha H, Badarau A, Stulik L, Mirkina I, Caccamo M, Havlicek K, Maierhofer B, Weber S, Groß K, Steinhäuser J, Zerbs M, Varga C, Dolezilkova I, Maier S, Zauner G, Nielson N, Power CA, Nagy E. Assessing the function of pneumococcal neuraminidases NanA, NanB and NanC in in vitro and in vivo lung infection models using monoclonal antibodies. Virulence 2019; 9:1521-1538. [PMID: 30289054 PMCID: PMC6177239 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1520545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates express up to three neuraminidases (sialidases), NanA, NanB and NanC, all of which cleave the terminal sialic acid of glycan-structures that decorate host cell surfaces. Most research has focused on the role of NanA with limited investigations evaluating the roles of all three neuraminidases in host-pathogen interactions. We generated two highly potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), one that blocks the enzymatic activity of NanA and one cross-neutralizing NanB and NanC. Total neuraminidase activity of clinical S. pneumoniae isolates could be inhibited by this mAb combination in enzymatic assays. To detect desialylation of cell surfaces by pneumococcal neuraminidases, primary human tracheal/bronchial mucocilial epithelial tissues were infected with S. pneumoniae and stained with peanut lectin. Simultaneous targeting of the neuraminidases was required to prevent desialylation, suggesting that inhibition of NanA alone is not sufficient to preserve terminal lung glycans. Importantly, we also found that all three neuraminidases increased the interaction of S. pneumoniae with human airway epithelial cells. Lectin-staining of lung tissues of mice pre-treated with mAbs before intranasal challenge with S. pneumoniae confirmed that both anti-NanA and anti-NanBC mAbs were required to effectively block desialylation of the respiratory epithelium in vivo. Despite this, no effect on survival, reduction in pulmonary bacterial load, or significant changes in cytokine responses were observed. This suggests that neuraminidases have no pivotal role in this murine pneumonia model that is induced by high bacterial challenge inocula and does not progress from colonization as it happens in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karin Groß
- a Arsanis Biosciences , Vienna , Austria
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13
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Current Perspectives on Treatment of Gram-Positive Infections in India: What Is the Way Forward? Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2019; 2019:7601847. [PMID: 31080476 PMCID: PMC6475552 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7601847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging antimicrobial resistance leading to gram-positive infections (GPIs) is one of the major public health threats worldwide. GPIs caused by multidrug resistant bacteria can result in increased morbidity and mortality rates along with escalated treatment cost and hospitalisation stay. In India, GPIs, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence among invasive S. aureus isolates, have been reported to increase exponentially from 29% in 2009 to 47% in 2014. Apart from MRSA, rising prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), which ranges from 1 to 9% in India, has raised concerns. Moreover, the overall mortality rate among patients with multidrug resistant GPIs in India is reported to be 10.8% and in ICU settings, the mortality rate is as high as 16%. Another challenge is the spectrum of adverse effects related to the safety and tolerability profile of the currently available drugs used against GPIs which further makes the management and treatment of these multidrug resistant organisms a complex task. Judicious prescription of antimicrobial agents, implementation of antibiotic stewardship programmes, and antibiotic policies in hospitals are essential to reduce the problem of drug-resistant infections in India. The most important step is development of newer antimicrobial agents with novel mechanisms of action and favourable pharmacokinetic profile. This review provides a synopsis about the current burden, treatment options, and the challenges faced by the clinicians in the management of GPIs such as MRSA, Quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus, VRE, and drug-resistant pneumococcus in India.
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14
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Willis R, Heslop O, Bodonaik N, Thame M, Smikle M. Morbidity, mortality and antimicrobial resistance of pneumococcal infections in the Jamaican paediatric and adult populations. Hum Antibodies 2019; 27:155-160. [PMID: 30909200 DOI: 10.3233/hab-180361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumococcal infections are a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, complicated by the increasing antimicrobial resistance of pneumococcal isolates. OBJECTIVE To evaluate morbidity and mortality associated with both invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-IPD in Jamaica in both the paediatric and adult population. Pneumococcal isolates (n= 94) were collected over a 2-year period (2008-2009). METHODS Risk factors for poor clinical outcomes: death, complicated disease and length of hospitalization (LOH) were evaluated and antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. RESULTS The case fatality rate was 6.8%. Independent mortality risk factors included complicated disease [OR 30.9 (3.4-276.6)] and diabetes mellitus [OR 8.3 (1.4-48.8)]. Independent risk factors for the development of complicated disease included sickle cell disease [OR 36.5 (4.2-320.3)] and sepsis [OR 3.5 (1.2-10.4)]. The LOH was increased most in patients with invasive disease (4.6-fold) and resistance to ceftriaxone (4.3-fold). Penicillin (16.0%) and erythromycin (14.9%) resistance was most prevalent, while ceftriaxone (4.3%) resistance was least prevalent. CONCLUSIONS The high burden of IPD in at-risk groups in our population and the associated increase in morbidity and mortality underlie the need for improved preventive and therapeutic management strategies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Willis
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Minerva Thame
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences
| | - Monica Smikle
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences
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15
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Structure of the Large Extracellular Loop of FtsX and Its Interaction with the Essential Peptidoglycan Hydrolase PcsB in Streptococcus pneumoniae. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02622-18. [PMID: 30696736 PMCID: PMC6355983 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02622-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading killer of infants and immunocompromised adults and has become increasingly resistant to major antibiotics. Therefore, the development of new antibiotic strategies is desperately needed. Targeting bacterial cell division is one such strategy, specifically by targeting proteins that are essential for the synthesis and breakdown of peptidoglycan. One complex important to this process is FtsEX. FtsEX comprises a cell division-regulating integral membrane protein (FtsX) and a cytoplasmic ATPase (FtsE) that resembles an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Here, we present nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solution structural and crystallographic models of the large extracellular domain of FtsX, denoted extracellular loop 1 (ECL1). The structure of ECL1 reveals an upper extended β-hairpin and a lower α-helical lobe, each extending from a mixed α-β core. The helical lobe mediates a physical interaction with the peptidoglycan hydrolase PcsB via the coiled-coil domain of PcsB (PscBCC). Characterization of S. pneumoniae strain D39-derived strains harboring mutations in the α-helical lobe shows that this subdomain is essential for cell viability and required for proper cell division of S. pneumoniae IMPORTANCE FtsX is a ubiquitous bacterial integral membrane protein involved in cell division that regulates the activity of peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases. FtsX is representative of a large group of ABC3 superfamily proteins that function as "mechanotransmitters," proteins that relay signals from the inside to the outside of the cell. Here, we present a structural characterization of the large extracellular loop, ECL1, of FtsX from the opportunistic human pathogen S. pneumoniae We show the molecular nature of the direct interaction between the peptidoglycan hydrolase PcsB and FtsX and demonstrate that this interaction is essential for cell viability. As such, FtsX represents an attractive, conserved target for the development of new classes of antibiotics.
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16
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Evaluation of Two Supplemented Culture Media for Long-Term, Room-Temperature Preservation of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2017:1218798. [PMID: 29359142 PMCID: PMC5735590 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1218798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To produce two supplemented agar types in order to store pneumococci for several months at room temperature. Methods Todd-Hewitt/Hemoglobin/Yeast/Charcoal/Agar (TH-HYC) and Todd-Hewitt/Skim-Milk/Yeast/Charcoal/Agar (TH-SYC) were used to prepare two supplemented agar types. Nineteen pneumococci isolated from patients or asymptomatic carriers displaying diverse serotypes and multilocus sequence types (MLST) were subcultured and stored onto supplemented agar types, in four different tests, at room temperature. Findings At the end of all tests (4–6 months) all noncontaminated subcultures were viable and maintained all phenotypic characteristics. Survival-time curves revealed a slow decrease of viable CFU over time on agar types, but at the end the number of viable CFU was satisfactory (≥2+ of growth). Decreasing of CFU was significantly higher for clinical versus nasopharyngeal isolates. Subcultures contamination rates were 6.25% and 14.58% after 2 and 6 months of storage, respectively. Conclusion TH-HYC and TH-SYC agar types allowed the viability of pneumococci with several serotypes, MLST, and genetic profiles, after 6 months of storage at room temperature. We consider that these agar types are a valid alternative to preserve pneumococci over an extended period, especially when methods as cryopreservation or lyophilization are not available, and are useful for transporting strains between laboratories.
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17
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Cillóniz C, Rodríguez-Hurtado D, Torres A. Characteristics and Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Era of Global Aging. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6020035. [PMID: 29710871 PMCID: PMC6024853 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can occur at any time of life, but its incidence and risk of death are linked to increasing age. CAP in the elderly is a major health problem associated with high rates of readmission, morbidity, and mortality. Since the clinical presentation of pneumonia in the elderly may be atypical, clinicians should suspect pneumonia in older patients presenting symptoms such as falls and altered mental status, fatigue, lethargy, delirium, anorexia, in order to avoid the complications associated with delayed diagnosis and therapy. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most frequently reported pathogen in this population. However, particular attention should be paid to patients with risk factors for multidrug resistant pathogens, because a large proportion of elderly persons present multimorbidity. Vaccination is one of the most important preventive approaches for CAP in the elderly. In addition, lifestyle-tailored interventions for different modifiable risk factors will help to reduce the risk of pneumonia in elderly persons. Surveillance of etiological pathogens may improve vaccination policies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Cillóniz
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona - SGR 911- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Diana Rodríguez-Hurtado
- Full Professor School of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Department of Medicine, "Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza", Lima 15082, Peru.
| | - Antoni Torres
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona - SGR 911- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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18
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Galvão I, Tavares LP, Corrêa RO, Fachi JL, Rocha VM, Rungue M, Garcia CC, Cassali G, Ferreira CM, Martins FS, Oliveira SC, Mackay CR, Teixeira MM, Vinolo MAR, Vieira AT. The Metabolic Sensor GPR43 Receptor Plays a Role in the Control of Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in the Lung. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515566 PMCID: PMC5826235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death and mortality worldwide. The inflammatory responses that follow respiratory infections are protective leading to pathogen clearance but can also be deleterious if unregulated. The microbiota is known to be an important protective barrier against infections, mediating both direct inhibitory effects against the potential pathogen and also regulating the immune responses contributing to a proper clearance of the pathogen and return to homeostasis. GPR43 is one receptor for acetate, a microbiota metabolite shown to induce and to regulate important immune functions. Here, we addressed the role of GPR43 signaling during pulmonary bacterial infections. We have shown for the first time that the absence of GPR43 leads to increased susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, which was associated to both uncontrolled proliferation of bacteria and to increased inflammatory response. Mechanistically, we showed that GPR43 expression especially in neutrophils and alveolar macrophages is important for bacterial phagocytosis and killing. In addition, treatment with the GPR43 ligand, acetate, is protective during bacterial lung infection. This was associated to reduction in the number of bacteria in the airways and to the control of the inflammatory responses. Altogether, GPR43 plays an important role in the “gut–lung axis” as a sensor of the host gut microbiota activity through acetate binding promoting a proper immune response in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Galvão
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renan O Corrêa
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Luís Fachi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vitor Melo Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcela Rungue
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melborne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio R Vinolo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angélica T Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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19
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Nakamya MF, Ayoola MB, Park S, Shack LA, Swiatlo E, Nanduri B. The Role of Cadaverine Synthesis on Pneumococcal Capsule and Protein Expression. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E8. [PMID: 29351189 PMCID: PMC5872165 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a commensal in the nasopharynx, pose significant risk to human health. Limited serotype coverage by the available polysaccharide-based conjugate vaccines coupled with increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance complicates therapeutic strategies. Bacterial physiology and metabolism that allows pathogens to adapt to the host are a promising avenue for the discovery of novel therapeutics. Intracellular polyamine concentrations are tightly regulated by biosynthesis, transport and degradation. We previously reported that deletion of cadA, a gene that encodes for lysine decarboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes cadaverine synthesis results in an attenuated phenotype. Here, we report the impact of cadA deletion on pneumococcal capsule and protein expression. Our data show that genes for polyamine biosynthesis and transport are downregulated in ∆cadA. Immunoblot assays show reduced capsule in ∆cadA. Reduced capsule synthesis could be due to reduced transcription and availability of precursors for synthesis. The capsule is the predominant virulence factor in pneumococci and is critical for evading opsonophagocytosis and its loss in ∆cadA could explain the reported attenuation in vivo. Results from this study show that capsule synthesis in pneumococci is regulated by polyamine metabolism, which can be targeted for developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Nakamya
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Moses B Ayoola
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Seongbin Park
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Leslie A Shack
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Edwin Swiatlo
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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20
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Dietert K, Gutbier B, Wienhold SM, Reppe K, Jiang X, Yao L, Chaput C, Naujoks J, Brack M, Kupke A, Peteranderl C, Becker S, von Lachner C, Baal N, Slevogt H, Hocke AC, Witzenrath M, Opitz B, Herold S, Hackstein H, Sander LE, Suttorp N, Gruber AD. Spectrum of pathogen- and model-specific histopathologies in mouse models of acute pneumonia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188251. [PMID: 29155867 PMCID: PMC5695780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia may be caused by a wide range of pathogens and is considered the most common infectious cause of death in humans. Murine acute lung infection models mirror human pathologies in many aspects and contribute to our understanding of the disease and the development of novel treatment strategies. Despite progress in other fields of tissue imaging, histopathology remains the most conclusive and practical read out tool for the descriptive and semiquantitative evaluation of mouse pneumonia and therapeutic interventions. Here, we systematically describe and compare the distinctive histopathological features of established models of acute pneumonia in mice induced by Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Legionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, influenza A virus (IAV) and superinfection of IAV-incuced pneumonia with S. pneumoniae. Systematic comparisons of the models revealed striking differences in the distribution of lesions, the characteristics of pneumonia induced, principal inflammatory cell types, lesions in adjacent tissues, and the detectability of the pathogens in histological sections. We therefore identified core criteria for each model suitable for practical semiquantitative scoring systems that take into account the pathogen- and model-specific patterns of pneumonia. Other critical factors that affect experimental pathologies are discussed, including infectious dose, time kinetics, and the genetic background of the mouse strain. The substantial differences between the model-specific pathologies underscore the necessity of pathogen- and model-adapted criteria for the comparative quantification of experimental outcomes. These criteria also allow for the standardized validation and comparison of treatment strategies in preclinical models.
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MESH Headings
- Acinetobacter baumannii/pathogenicity
- Acinetobacter baumannii/physiology
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Escherichia coli/pathogenicity
- Escherichia coli/physiology
- Female
- Host Specificity
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Influenza A virus/pathogenicity
- Influenza A virus/physiology
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/pathogenicity
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/physiology
- Legionella pneumophila/pathogenicity
- Legionella pneumophila/physiology
- Lung/microbiology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/pathogenicity
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/physiology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/genetics
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/pathology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/physiopathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/genetics
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Species Specificity
- Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity
- Staphylococcus aureus/physiology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Dietert
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgitt Gutbier
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra M. Wienhold
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Reppe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ling Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Chaput
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Naujoks
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Brack
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kupke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Section for Infectious Diseases, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), TTU Emerging Infections, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christin Peteranderl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Section for Infectious Diseases, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Section for Infectious Diseases, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), TTU Emerging Infections, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Nelli Baal
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Giessen und Marburg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Section for Infectious Diseases, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Giessen und Marburg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Leif E. Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D. Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Reyes LF, Restrepo MI, Hinojosa CA, Soni NJ, Anzueto A, Babu BL, Gonzalez-Juarbe N, Rodriguez AH, Jimenez A, Chalmers JD, Aliberti S, Sibila O, Winter VT, Coalson JJ, Giavedoni LD, Dela Cruz CS, Waterer GW, Witzenrath M, Suttorp N, Dube PH, Orihuela CJ. Severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia Causes Acute Cardiac Toxicity and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:609-620. [PMID: 28614669 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0104oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Up to one-third of patients hospitalized with pneumococcal pneumonia experience major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during or after pneumonia. In mice, Streptococcus pneumoniae can invade the myocardium, induce cardiomyocyte death, and disrupt cardiac function following bacteremia, but it is unknown whether the same occurs in humans with severe pneumonia. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether S. pneumoniae can (1) translocate the heart, (2) induce cardiomyocyte death, (3) cause MACE, and (4) induce cardiac scar formation after antibiotic treatment during severe pneumonia using a nonhuman primate (NHP) model. METHODS We examined cardiac tissue from six adult NHPs with severe pneumococcal pneumonia and three uninfected control animals. Three animals were rescued with antibiotics (convalescent animals). Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and serum biomarkers of cardiac damage were measured (troponin T, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and heart-type fatty acid binding protein). Histological examination included hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, picrosirius red staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Immunoblots were used to assess the underlying mechanisms. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Nonspecific ischemic alterations were detected by electrocardiography and echocardiography. Serum levels of troponin T and heart-type fatty acid binding protein were increased (P < 0.05) after pneumococcal infection in both acutely ill and convalescent NHPs. S. pneumoniae was detected in the myocardium of all NHPs with acute severe pneumonia. Necroptosis and apoptosis were detected in the myocardium of both acutely ill and convalescent NHPs. Evidence of cardiac scar formation was observed only in convalescent animals by transmission electron microscopy and picrosirius red staining. CONCLUSIONS S. pneumoniae invades the myocardium and induces cardiac injury with necroptosis and apoptosis, followed by cardiac scarring after antibiotic therapy, in an NHP model of severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Reyes
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Marcos I Restrepo
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Cecilia A Hinojosa
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nilam J Soni
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Antonio Anzueto
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Bettina L Babu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Norberto Gonzalez-Juarbe
- 3 Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alejandro H Rodriguez
- 4 Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain.,5 Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jimenez
- 6 Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - James D Chalmers
- 7 School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- 8 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,9 Cardio-thoracic Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Milan, Italy.,10 Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Granada Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Oriol Sibila
- 11 Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- 14 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Grant W Waterer
- 15 Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- 16 Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine and.,17 SFB-TR84 "Innate Immunity of the Lung," Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- 16 Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine and.,17 SFB-TR84 "Innate Immunity of the Lung," Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Dube
- 18 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Carlos J Orihuela
- 3 Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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22
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Otero F, Tamayo M, Santiso R, Gosálvez J, Bou G, Fernández JL. Rapid Assessment of Resistance to Antibiotic Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis in the Gram-Positive Pathogens,Enterococcus faecalisandStreptococcus pneumoniae, Based on Evaluation of the Lytic Response. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:267-271. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Otero
- Unidad de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Tamayo
- Unidad de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santiso
- Unidad de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Unidad de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Bou
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Luis Fernández
- Unidad de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
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23
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Houri H, Tabatabaei SR, Saee Y, Fallah F, Rahbar M, Karimi A. Distribution of capsular types and drug resistance patterns of invasive pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Teheran, Iran. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 57:21-26. [PMID: 28131730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the serotype distribution and drug resistance patterns of invasive pneumococcal isolates from children under 5 years of age. METHODS During a 32-month period, 585 clinical samples (including blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and synovial fluid) from children suspected of having meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, or septic arthritis were analyzed using the BACTEC culture system. Positive cultures were examined using biochemical tests and lytA amplification for the identification of pneumococcal strains. The confirmed pneumococcal isolates were examined to determine capsular types using a modified sequential multiplex PCR and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. RESULTS Fifty-three pneumococcal isolates were detected in the 585 clinical samples: 21 (39.6%) blood samples and 32 (60.4%) CSF samples. The most frequent serotype was 23F (24.5%), followed by serotypes 19F (18.9%), 19A (7.5%), and 9V (7.5%). Twenty-one percent of pneumococcal isolates were penicillin-non-susceptible and serotype 19A was significantly associated with resistance to penicillin. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) could cover the majority of the invasive pneumococcal isolates. Drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are circulating in Iran. Therefore, public immunization of infants using PCV13 is recommended to reduce the incidence of pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal-resistant strains in Teheran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Houri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasaman Saee
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rahbar
- Health Reference Laboratories, Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Abstract
Pneumococcal infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients throughout the world. This microorganism remains the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia and is associated with a considerable burden of disease and health-care costs in both developed and developing countries. Emerging antibiotic resistance has been a concern because of its potential negative impact on the outcome of patients who receive standard antibiotic therapy. However, there have been substantial changes in the epidemiology of this pathogen in recent years, not least of which has been due to the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children, with subsequent herd protection in unvaccinated adults and children. Furthermore, much recent research has led to a better understanding of the virulence factors of this pathogen and their role in the pathogenesis of severe pneumococcal disease, including the cardiac complications, as well as the potential role of adjunctive therapy in the management of severely ill cases. This review will describe recent advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, virulence factors, and management of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Feldman
- Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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25
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Willenborg J, Goethe R. Metabolic traits of pathogenic streptococci. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3905-3919. [PMID: 27442496 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Invasive and noninvasive diseases caused by facultative pathogenic streptococci depend on their equipment with virulence factors and on their ability to sense and adapt to changing nutrients in different host environments. The knowledge of the principal metabolic mechanisms which allow these bacteria to recognize and utilize nutrients in host habitats is a prerequisite for our understanding of streptococcal pathogenicity and the development of novel control strategies. This review aims to summarize and compare the central carbohydrate metabolic and amino acid biosynthetic pathways of a selected group of streptococcal species, all belonging to the naso-oropharyngeal microbiome in humans and/or animals. We also discuss the urgent need of comprehensive metabolomics approaches for a better understanding of the streptococcal metabolism during host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Willenborg
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
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26
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Wang H, Dai W, Qiu C, Li S, Wang W, Xu J, Li Z, Wang H, Li Y, Yang Z, Feng X, Zhou Q, Han L, Li Y, Zheng Y. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae caused different microbial structure and correlation network in lung microbiota. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:1316-22. [PMID: 27293852 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.04.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the most serious diseases for children, with which lung microbiota are proved to be associated. We performed 16S rDNA analysis on broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for 32 children with tracheomalacia (C group), pneumonia infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) (D1 group) or Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) (D2 group). Children with tracheomalacia held lower microbial diversity and accumulated Lactococcus (mean ± SD, 45.21%±5.07%, P value <0.05), Porphyromonas (0.12%±0.31%, P value <0.05). D1 and D2 group were enriched by Streptococcus (7.57%±11.61%, P value <0.01 when compared with D2 group) and Mycoplasma (0.67%±1.25%, P value <0.01) respectively. Bacterial correlation in C group was mainly intermediated by Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter. Whilst, D1 group harbored simplest microbial correlation in three groups, and D2 group held the most complicated network, involving enriched Staphylococcus (0.26%±0.71%), Massilia (0.81%±2.42%). This will be of significance for understanding pneumonia incidence and progression more comprehensively, and discerning between bacterial infection and carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Wang
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Wenkui Dai
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Chuangzhao Qiu
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Shuaicheng Li
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhichuan Li
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Yuzheng Li
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Xin Feng
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Yinhu Li
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Yuejie Zheng
- 1 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China ; 2 WeHealthGene, Shenzhen 518000, China ; 3 Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ; 4 Shenzhen University Medical Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
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27
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de Greeff A, van Selm S, Buys H, Harders-Westerveen JF, Tunjungputri RN, de Mast Q, van der Ven AJ, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, de Jonge MI, Smith HE. Pneumococcal colonization and invasive disease studied in a porcine model. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:102. [PMID: 27276874 PMCID: PMC4898302 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive bacterium carried in the human nasopharynx, is an important human pathogen causing mild diseases such as otitis media and sinusitis as well as severe diseases including pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. There is a strong resemblance between the anatomy, immunology and physiology of the pig and human species. Furthermore, there are striking similarities between S. suis pathogenesis in piglets and S. pneumoniae pathogenesis in humans. Therefore, we investigated the use of piglets as a model for pneumococcal colonization and invasive disease. RESULTS Intravenous inoculation of piglets with an invasive pneumococcal isolate led to bacteraemia during 5 days, showing clear bacterial replication in the first two days. Bacteraemia was frequently associated with fever and septic arthritis. Moreover, intranasal inoculation of piglets with a nasopharyngeal isolate led to colonization for at least six consecutive days. CONCLUSIONS This demonstrates that central aspects of human pneumococcal infections can be modelled in piglets enabling the use of this model for studies on colonization and transmission but also on development of vaccines and host-directed therapies. Moreover this is the first example of an animal model inducing high levels of pneumococcal septic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid de Greeff
- Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - Saskia van Selm
- Laboratory of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Raboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Herma Buys
- Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rahajeng N Tunjungputri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andre J van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Raboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde E Smith
- Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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28
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Ceyhan M, Dagan R, Sayiner A, Chernyshova L, Dinleyici EÇ, Hryniewicz W, Kulcsár A, Mad'arová L, Pazdiora P, Sidorenko S, Streinu-Cercel A, Tambić-Andrašević A, Yeraliyeva L. Surveillance of pneumococcal diseases in Central and Eastern Europe. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2124-2134. [PMID: 27096714 PMCID: PMC4994721 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1159363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The burden of disease associated with S. pneumoniae is largely preventable through routine vaccination. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (e.g. PCV7, PCV13) provide protection from invasive pneumococcal disease as well as non-invasive infection (pneumonia, acute otitis media), and decrease vaccine-type nasopharyngeal colonisation, thus reducing transmission to unvaccinated individuals. PCVs have also been shown to reduce the incidence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal disease. Surveillance for pneumococcal disease is important to understand local epidemiology, serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance rates. Surveillance systems also help to inform policy development, including vaccine recommendations, and monitor the impact of pneumococcal vaccination. National pneumococcal surveillance systems exist in a number of countries in Central and Eastern Europe (such as Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia), and some have introduced PCVs (Czech Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Russia, Slovakia and Turkey). Those countries without established programs (such as Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine) may be able to learn from the experiences of those with national surveillance systems. The serotype distributions and impact of PCV13 on pediatric pneumococcal diseases are relatively similar in different parts of the world, suggesting that approaches to vaccination used elsewhere are also likely to be effective in Central and Eastern Europe. This article briefly reviews the epidemiology of pneumococcal disease, presents the latest surveillance data from Central and Eastern Europe, and discusses any similarities and differences in these data as well the potential implications for vaccination policies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ceyhan
- a Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , School of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ron Dagan
- b Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Abdullah Sayiner
- c Department of Chest Diseases , Ege University Faculty of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Liudmyla Chernyshova
- d Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology , National Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education , Kiev , Ukraine
| | | | - Waleria Hryniewicz
- f National Medicines Institute, Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Prevention , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Andrea Kulcsár
- g Department of Infectology , Joint Hospital Saint László and Saint István , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Lucia Mad'arová
- h National Reference Centre for Pneumococcal and Haemophilus Diseases, Regional Authority of Public Health , Banská Bystrica , Slovak Republic
| | - Petr Pazdiora
- i Department of Epidemiology , Charles University Faculty Hospital , Pilsen , Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Sidorenko
- j Research Institute of Children's Infection , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | | | - Arjana Tambić-Andrašević
- l Department of Clinical Microbiology , University Hospital for Infectious Diseases , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Lyazzat Yeraliyeva
- m Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty , Kazakhstan
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29
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Impact of pneumococcal vaccination in children on serotype distribution in adult community-acquired pneumonia using the serotype-specific multiplex urinary antigen detection assay. Vaccine 2016; 34:2342-8. [PMID: 27016653 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the distribution of the vaccine-serotypes covered by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) in adult patients with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in Germany between the periods 2002-2006 and 2007-2011 using a novel serotype-specific multiplex urinary antigen detection assay (SSUA). Vaccination of children started with PCV7 in 2007, which was replaced by PCV13 in 2010. Following confirmation of the accuracy of SSUA in long-term stored urine samples from 112 patients with confirmed pneumonia and known pneumococcal serotype, urine samples of 391 CAPNETZ patients with documented pneumococcal pneumonia (i.e. positive BinaxNOW) Streptococcus pneumoniae urine antigen test) but unknown serotype were tested for the 13 vaccine-serotypes using SSUA. The proportion of PCV7-serotypes significantly decreased in adult patients with pneumonia from 30.6% (2002-6) to 13.3% (2007-11, p < 0.001); in bacteremic pneumonia, PCV7-serotypes completely disappeared (3/14 versus 0/19, p = 0.058). Conversely, pneumococcal serotypes included by PCV13 remained stable during study period with a coverage of 61.5% (2002-06) and 59.7% (2007-11) in non-bacteremic pneumonia and 79% (for both periods) in bacteremic pneumonia, mainly due to an increase in pneumococcal serotypes 1, 3 and 7F during the second period. Thus, implementation of PCV7 in children in Germany in 2007 was associated with a significant decrease in vaccine-serotypes covered by PCV7 in adult patients with non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia and with an elimination of PCV7 vaccine-serotypes in bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. PCV13 coverage remained high up to 2011, mainly due to an increase in serotypes 1, 3 and 7F.
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30
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Bokori-Brown M, Petrov PG, Khafaji MA, Mughal MK, Naylor CE, Shore AC, Gooding KM, Casanova F, Mitchell TJ, Titball RW, Winlove CP. Red Blood Cell Susceptibility to Pneumolysin: CORRELATION WITH MEMBRANE BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10210-27. [PMID: 26984406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the biochemical and biophysical properties of the plasma membrane as well as membrane morphology on the susceptibility of human red blood cells to the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin, a key virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae, using single cell studies. We show a correlation between the physical properties of the membrane (bending rigidity and surface and dipole electrostatic potentials) and the susceptibility of red blood cells to pneumolysin-induced hemolysis. We demonstrate that biochemical modifications of the membrane induced by oxidative stress, lipid scrambling, and artificial cell aging modulate the cell response to the toxin. We provide evidence that the diversity of response to pneumolysin in diabetic red blood cells correlates with levels of glycated hemoglobin and that the mechanical properties of the red blood cell plasma membrane are altered in diabetes. Finally, we show that diabetic red blood cells are more resistant to pneumolysin and the related toxin perfringolysin O relative to healthy red blood cells. Taken together, these studies indicate that the diversity of cell response to pneumolysin within a population of human red blood cells is influenced by the biophysical and biochemical status of the plasma membrane and the chemical and/or oxidative stress pre-history of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bokori-Brown
- From the College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom,
| | - Peter G Petrov
- the College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Mawya A Khafaji
- the College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad K Mughal
- the Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E Naylor
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Angela C Shore
- the Department of Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5AX, United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Kim M Gooding
- the Department of Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5AX, United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Francesco Casanova
- the Department of Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5AX, United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Tim J Mitchell
- the Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W Titball
- From the College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - C Peter Winlove
- the College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
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Kim SH, Song SA, Yi J, Song D, Chang CL, Park DC, Urm SH, Kim HR, Shin JH. Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae at Four University Hospitals in Busan and Gyeongnam. ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.5145/acm.2016.19.2.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Si Hyun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sae Am Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jongyoun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Duyeal Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chulhun Ludgerus Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dong-Chul Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Urm
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Akuzawa N, Naito H. Nutritional parameters affecting severity of pneumonia and length of hospital stay in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia: a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:149. [PMID: 26608261 PMCID: PMC4658754 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumococcal pneumonia is the most common form of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Although a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has contributed to a reduction in the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia among older children and adults, no significant decrease in the incidence has been observed among persons aged ≥65 years. A low body mass index and hypoalbuminemia are common in Japanese patients with CAP, but the association of other nutritional parameters with the severity of pneumonia or length of hospital stay in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia is unclear. Methods Fifty-seven previously healthy inpatients who presented with pneumococcal pneumonia were divided into two groups: those aged ≥65 years (n = 36) and those aged <65 years (n = 21). Patients’ characteristics (the Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, age >65 years (CURB-65) score), the pneumonia severity index (PSI), and inflammatory and metabolic nutritional parameters were compared between the two groups. Results The older group showed significantly lower serum albumin and cholinesterase (ChE) levels. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the PSI was positively correlated with age in both groups. In the younger age group, both the CURB-65 score and PSI showed significant negative correlations with the serum ChE level, and there was a significant negative correlation between the length of stay and serum total cholesterol (T-cho) level. In the older group, the fasting period, lymphocyte count, and age showed significant positive correlations with the length of stay. There was a significant negative correlation between the length of stay and serum albumin level, but no correlation with the serum ChE or T-cho levels, in the older patients. Conclusions Our findings suggest that in patients aged <65 years, age and serum ChE and T-cho levels were associated with both the severity of pneumococcal pneumonia and length of stay. In contrast, the length of stay in older patients was associated with multiple factors that differed from those in younger patients. These differences may reflect age-related immunosenescence in older patients and a greater effect of serum ChE and T-cho levels on immunity in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Akuzawa
- Nutrition Support Team, Gunma Chuo Hospital, 1-7-13 Koun-cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0025, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Naito
- Nutrition Support Team, Gunma Chuo Hospital, 1-7-13 Koun-cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0025, Japan.
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Co-Transcriptomes of Initial Interactions In Vitro between Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Human Pleural Mesothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142773. [PMID: 26566142 PMCID: PMC4643877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a major causative organism of empyema, an inflammatory condition occurring in the pleural sac. In this study, we used human and Spn cDNA microarrays to characterize the transcriptional responses occurring during initial contact between Spn and a human pleural mesothelial cell line (PMC) in vitro. Using stringent filtering criteria, 42 and 23 Spn genes were up-and down-regulated respectively. In particular, genes encoding factors potentially involved in metabolic processes and Spn adherence to eukaryotic cells were up-regulated e.g. glnQ, glnA, aliA, psaB, lytB and nox. After Spn initial contact, 870 human genes were differentially regulated and the largest numbers of significant gene expression changes were found in canonical pathways for eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling (60 genes out of 171), oxidative phosphorylation (32/103), mitochondrial dysfunction (37/164), eIF4 and p70S6K signaling (28/142), mTOR signaling (27/182), NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response (20/177), epithelial adherens junction remodeling (11/66) and ubiquitination (22/254). The cellular response appeared to be directed towards host cell survival and defense. Spn did not activate NF-kB or phosphorylate p38 MAPK or induce cytokine production from PMC. Moreover, Spn infection of TNF-α pre-stimulated PMC inhibited production of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by >50% (p<0.01). In summary, this descriptive study provides datasets and a platform for examining further the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of empyema.
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Shaik MM, Lombardi C, Maragno Trindade D, Fenel D, Schoehn G, Di Guilmi AM, Dessen A. A structural snapshot of type II pilus formation in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26198632 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.647834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pili are fibrous appendages expressed on the surface of a vast number of bacterial species, and their role in surface adhesion is important for processes such as infection, colonization, andbiofilm formation. The human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae expresses two different types of pili, PI-1 and PI-2, both of which require the concerted action of structural proteins and sortases for their polymerization. The type PI-1 streptococcal pilus is a complex, well studied structure, but the PI-2 type, present in a number of invasive pneumococcal serotypes, has to date remained less well understood. The PI-2 pilus consists of repeated units of a single protein, PitB, whose covalent association is catalyzed by cognate sortase SrtG-1 and partner protein SipA. Here we report the high resolution crystal structures of PitB and SrtG1 and use molecular modeling to visualize a "trapped" 1:1 complex between the two molecules. X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy reveal that the pneumococcal PI-2 backbone fiber is formed by PitB monomers associated in head-to-tail fashion and that short, flexible fibers can be formed even in the absence of coadjuvant proteins. These observations, obtained with a simple pilus biosynthetic system, are likely to be applicable to other fiber formation processes in a variety of Gram-positive organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Munan Shaik
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France, CNRS, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IBS, Grenoble, France, and
| | - Charlotte Lombardi
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France, CNRS, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IBS, Grenoble, France, and
| | - Daniel Maragno Trindade
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), CNPEM, Campinas, 13083 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daphna Fenel
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France, CNRS, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IBS, Grenoble, France, and
| | - Guy Schoehn
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France, CNRS, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IBS, Grenoble, France, and
| | - Anne Marie Di Guilmi
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France, CNRS, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IBS, Grenoble, France, and
| | - Andréa Dessen
- From the Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France, CNRS, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IBS, Grenoble, France, and Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), CNPEM, Campinas, 13083 São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Domenech M, Damián D, Ardanuy C, Liñares J, Fenoll A, García E. Emerging, Non-PCV13 Serotypes 11A and 35B of Streptococcus pneumoniae Show High Potential for Biofilm Formation In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125636. [PMID: 25927917 PMCID: PMC4415931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines PCV7 and PCV13 in children became widespread, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has dramatically decreased. Nevertheless, there has been a rise in incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae non-vaccine serotypes (NVT) colonising the human nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal colonisation, an essential step in the development of S. pneumoniae-induced IPD, is associated with biofilm formation. Although the capsule is the main pneumococcal virulence factor, the formation of pneumococcal biofilms might, in fact, be limited by the presence of capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Methodology/Principal Findings We used clinical isolates of 16 emerging, non-PCV13 serotypes as well as isogenic transformants of the same serotypes. The biofilm formation capacity of isogenic transformants expressing CPSs from NVT was evaluated in vitro to ascertain whether this trait can be used to predict the emergence of NVT. Fourteen out of 16 NVT analysed were not good biofilm formers, presumably because of the presence of CPS. In contrast, serotypes 11A and 35B formed ≥45% of the biofilm produced by the non-encapsulated M11 strain. Conclusions/Significance This study suggest that emerging, NVT serotypes 11A and 35B deserve a close surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Domenech
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Damián
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona-Fundació Privada Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Liñares
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona-Fundació Privada Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asunción Fenoll
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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Ndjom CGN, Jones HP. CRH promotes S. pneumoniae growth in vitro and increases lung carriage in mice. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:279. [PMID: 25904910 PMCID: PMC4389549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), a commensal across the nasal passages, is responsible for the majority of infectious pneumonia cases worldwide. Previous studies have shown that hormonal factors may be influential in regulating S. pneumoniae’s transition from a non-pathogen to a pathogenic state. The current study investigated the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a peptide hormone involved in stress, on the pathogenicity of S. pneumoniae. Mice were infected with CRH-treated S. pneumoniae via intranasal route, showing an increase in pulmonary bacterial burden. We also quantified S. pneumoniae’s response to CRH through limited serial dilutions and growth curve analysis. We demonstrated that CRH promotes S. pneumoniae titer-dependent proliferation, as well as accelerates log-phase growth. Results also showed an increase in pneumococcal-associated virulence protein A virulence gene expression in response to CRH. These results demonstrate a role for CRH in S. pneumoniae pathogenicity, thus implicating CRH in mediating the transition of S. pneumoniae into a pathogenic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette G Ngo Ndjom
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX USA ; Center for Biotechnology Education, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Harlan P Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX USA
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Vojtek I, Hoet B. Further available immunization option to prevent pneumococcal disease. F1000Res 2015; 4:3. [PMID: 25866621 PMCID: PMC4376167 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5990.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In their recent review, Charles Feldman and Ronald Anderson provide an overview of various clinical aspects of pneumococcal infections. We would like to complete this report by providing some additional information on a widely-used immunization option, which was not originally mentioned in the article. The protein D pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) has been pre-approved by WHO and its impact is supported by real-life data from the regions of its use.
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Bong Y, Shin SG, Koh SH, Lim JH. Interleukin-1β Participates in the Development of Pneumococcal Acute Lung Injury and Death by Promoting Alveolar Microvascular Leakage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2015.45.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Bong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seul Gi Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Koh
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Gonda Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, House Ear Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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