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Ye J, Gong M, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Zhao J. Effects of Fermented Extracts of Wuniuzao Dark Loose Tea on Hepatic Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein Pathway and Gut Microbiota Disorder in Obese Mice. J Nutr 2024; 154:626-637. [PMID: 38110182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificially fermented dark loose tea is a type of novel dark tea prepared via fermentation by Eurotium cristatum. The effects of artificially fermented dark loose tea on lipid metabolism are still unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore if artificially fermented dark loose tea has the same effects as naturally fermented dark loose tea in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. METHODS Thirty-six 8-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, including normal control (NC), high-fat diet (HFD), positive control (PC), Wuniuzao dark raw tea (WDT), Wuniuzao naturally fermented dark loose tea (NFLT), and Wuniuzao artificially fermented dark loose tea (AFLT) groups. The HFD, PC, WDT, NFLT, and AFLT groups were fed a HFD. The PC group was supplemented with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg). The WDT group was supplemented with WDT (300 mg/kg), the NFLT group with NFLT (300 mg/kg), and the AFLT group with AFLT (300 mg/kg). RESULTS The study compared the effect of WDT, NFLT, and AFLT on liver steatosis and gut microbiota disorder in obese mice. All 3 tea extracts reduced body weight, glucose tolerance, and serum lipid concentrations. Via sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-mediated lipid metabolism, all 3 tea extracts alleviated hepatic steatosis in mice with obesity. Furthermore, NFLT and AFLT intervened in the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Clostridia, Muribaculaceae, and Lachnospiraceae. CONCLUSION In mice with obesity induced by a HFD, WDT, NFLT, and AFLT may improve hepatic steatosis through an SREBP-mediated lipid metabolism. Moreover, NFLT and AFLT improved the composition of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangcheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Xu Q, Ye J, Gong M, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Zhao J. Theabrownin from Wuniuzao Dark Tea Regulates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:4912. [PMID: 38068770 PMCID: PMC10708223 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for functional foods with no side effects that can alleviate obesity has been a common trend. Wuniuzao dark tea could be a safe choice. This study aimed to explore whether theabrownin from Wuniuzao dark tea could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. In total, fifty 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five treatment groups, including a normal control group, high-fat diet group, positive control group, low-dose theabrownin group, and high-dose theabrownin group. After a 9-week intervention, these mice were selected from each treatment group for sampling. The results showed that the body weight and epididymis fat weight of obese mice fed with theabrownin were decreased. Serum total triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also decreased. Protein and mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis and lipid production-related genes of mice fed with theabrownin were downregulated. The gut microbiota composition in the theabrownin group was improved. The study indicated that theabrownin from Wuniuzao dark tea could achieve the liver protection and anti-obesity effects by regulating the Srebp lipid metabolism pathway and bile acid metabolism process, and improving the gut microbiota composition of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Q.X.); (J.Y.); (M.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.)
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3
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da Silva TBV, Dias MI, Pereira C, Mandim F, Ivanov M, Soković M, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L, Seixas FAV, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Purple tea: chemical characterization and evaluation as inhibitor of pancreatic lipase and fat digestion in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:1761-1772. [PMID: 36723015 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02442j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A variety of the classic green tea plant, Camellia sinensis, was developed and is exclusive to Kenya. Due to high content of anthocyanin polyphenols in its leaves, the beverage obtained from this variety is purple in color and is the origin of the name purple tea. This work had two main purposes. The first one was to identify and quantify the major anthocyanin polyphenols in a hot water aqueous extract of the purple tea leaves. The second one was to test the hypothesis if this extract is capable of inhibiting triglyceride absorption considering that anthocyanin polyphenolics have been frequently associated to antilipidemic effects. Parallel experiments were always done with a similar green tea extract for comparison purposes. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of both tea varieties are similar. The purple tea extract, however, was strongly inhibitory toward the pancreatic lipase (minimal IC50 = 67.4 μg mL-1), whereas the green tea preparation was a weak inhibitor. Triglyceride digestion in mice was inhibited by the purple tea extract starting at 100 mg kg-1 dose and with a well-defined dose dependence. Green tea had no effect on triglyceride digestion at doses up to 500 mg kg-1. The latter effect is probably caused by several components in the purple tea extract including non-anthocyanin and anthocyanin polyphenols, the first ones acting solely via the inhibition of the pancreatic lipase and the latter by inhibiting both the lipase and the transport of free fatty acids from the intestinal lumen into the circulating blood. The results suggest that the regular consumption of Kenyan purple tea can be useful in the control of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Barlati Vieira da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Post-graduate Program of Food Science, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Santa Apolonia Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Carla Pereira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Santa Apolonia Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mandim
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Santa Apolonia Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Santa Apolonia Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Santa Apolonia Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Flávio Augusto Vicente Seixas
- Department of Technology, and Post-graduate Program of Molecular and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry and Post-graduate Program of Food Science, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry and Post-graduate Program of Food Science, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil.
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4
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Hou Y, Zhang Z, Cui Y, Peng C, Fan Y, Tan C, Wang Q, Liu Z, Gong J. Pu-erh Tea and Theabrownin Ameliorate Metabolic Syndrome in Mice via Potential Microbiota-Gut-Liver-Brain Interactions. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Monfoulet LE, Ruskovska T, Ajdžanović V, Havlik J, Vauzour D, Bayram B, Krga I, Corral-Jara KF, Kistanova E, Abadjieva D, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Deligiannidou E, Kontogiorgis C, Arola-Arnal A, van Schothorst EM, Morand C, Milenkovic D. Molecular Determinants of the Cardiometabolic Improvements of Dietary Flavanols Identified by an Integrative Analysis of Nutrigenomic Data from a Systematic Review of Animal Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100227. [PMID: 34048642 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Flavanols are important polyphenols of the human diet with extensive demonstrations of their beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. They contribute to preserve health acting on a large range of cellular processes. The underlying mechanisms of action of flavanols are not fully understood but involve a nutrigenomic regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS To further capture how the intake of dietary flavanols results in the modulation of gene expression, nutrigenomics data in response to dietary flavanols obtained from animal models of cardiometabolic diseases have been collected and submitted to a bioinformatics analysis. This systematic analysis shows that dietary flavanols modulate a large range of genes mainly involved in endocrine function, fatty acid metabolism, and inflammation. Several regulators of the gene expression have been predicted and include transcription factors, miRNAs and epigenetic factors. CONCLUSION This review highlights the complex and multilevel action of dietary flavanols contributing to their strong potential to preserve cardiometabolic health. The identification of the potential molecular mediators and of the flavanol metabolites driving the nutrigenomic response in the target organs is still a pending question which the answer will contribute to optimize the beneficial health effects of dietary bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Banu Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irena Krga
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.,Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Elena Kistanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Abadjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Eirini Deligiannidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | | | - Christine Morand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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6
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Wu W, Hu Y, Zhang S, Liu D, Li Q, Lin Y, Liu Z. Untargeted metabolomic and lipid metabolism-related gene expression analyses of the effects and mechanism of aged Liupao tea treatment in HFD-induced obese mice. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23791-23800. [PMID: 35479821 PMCID: PMC9036539 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liupao tea (LPT) has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD); however, the effects and mechanism of aged Liupao tea (different storage years) treatment on obesity have not yet been reported. In this study, mice were divided into four groups as follows: the control group fed a normal diet; the model group fed an HFD; and the LPT aged 1 year (1Y) and LPT aged 10 years (10Y) groups receiving an HFD and water extractions from LPTs of different ages for 5 weeks. Our results revealed that aged LPT significantly alleviated HFD-induced obesity symptoms, especially in the 10Y group. Additionally, metabolomic analysis identified 11 common differential metabolites that were partly recovered to normal levels after aged LPT treatment, involved mainly in the metabolic pathways of the citrate cycle, purine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Aged LPT treatment also regulated lipid metabolism-related gene expression in the liver, which decreased the mRNA levels of SREBP-1C/HMGR/FAS involved in de novo lipogenesis and increased the mRNA levels of PPARα, LDLR and LCAT. Our study demonstrated that aged LPT may be used as a potential dietary supplement for improving obesity-related diseases caused by an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Wu
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha Hunan 410125 PR China
| | - Yao Hu
- Nuclear Agronomy and Aerospace Breeding Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha Hunan 410125 PR China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha Hunan 410125 PR China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Changsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 PR China
| | - Yong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 PR China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 PR China
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7
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Fan Q, Xu F, Liang B, Zou X. The Anti-Obesity Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Lipid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:696603. [PMID: 34234682 PMCID: PMC8255923 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.696603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of living conditions and the popularity of unhealthy eating and living habits, obesity is becoming a global epidemic. Obesity is now recognized as a disease that not only increases the risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer but also negatively affects longevity and the quality of life. The traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are highly enriched in bioactive compounds and have been used for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases over a long period of time. In this review, we selected the most commonly used anti-obesity or anti-hyperlipidemia TCMs and, where known, their major bioactive compounds. We then summarized their multi-target molecular mechanisms, specifically focusing on lipid metabolism, including the modulation of lipid absorption, reduction of lipid synthesis, and increase of lipid decomposition and lipid transportation, as well as the regulation of appetite. This review produces a current and comprehensive understanding of integrative and systematic mechanisms for the use of TCMs for anti-obesity. We also advocate taking advantage of TCMs as another therapy for interventions on obesity-related diseases, as well as stressing the fact that more is needed to be done, scientifically, to determine the active compounds and modes of action of the TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Fan
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Furong Xu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoju Zou
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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8
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Theabrownin from Pu-erh tea attenuates hypercholesterolemia via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4971. [PMID: 31672964 PMCID: PMC6823360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pu-erh tea displays cholesterol-lowering properties, but the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Theabrownin is one of the most active and abundant pigments in Pu-erh tea. Here, we show that theabrownin alters the gut microbiota in mice and humans, predominantly suppressing microbes associated with bile-salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Theabrownin increases the levels of ileal conjugated bile acids (BAs) which, in turn, inhibit the intestinal FXR-FGF15 signaling pathway, resulting in increased hepatic production and fecal excretion of BAs, reduced hepatic cholesterol, and decreased lipogenesis. The inhibition of intestinal FXR-FGF15 signaling is accompanied by increased gene expression of enzymes in the alternative BA synthetic pathway, production of hepatic chenodeoxycholic acid, activation of hepatic FXR, and hepatic lipolysis. Our results shed light into the mechanisms behind the cholesterol- and lipid-lowering effects of Pu-erh tea, and suggest that decreased intestinal BSH microbes and/or decreased FXR-FGF15 signaling may be potential anti-hypercholesterolemia and anti-hyperlipidemia therapies.
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9
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Iida A, Kuranuki S, Yamamoto R, Uchida M, Ohta M, Ichimura M, Tsuneyama K, Masaki T, Seike M, Nakamura T. Analysis of amino acid profiles of blood over time and biomarkers associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in STAM mice. Exp Anim 2019; 68:417-428. [PMID: 31155606 PMCID: PMC6842803 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in free amino acid (AA) levels in blood during the progression from
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unclear. We
investigated serum AA levels, along with biochemical and histological events, in a mouse
model of NASH. We induced NASH in male C57BL/6J mice with a streptozotocin injection and
high-fat diet after 4 weeks of age (STAM group). We chronologically (6, 8, 10, 12, and 16
weeks, n=4–12 mice/group) evaluated the progression from steatohepatitis to HCC by
biochemical and histological analyses. The serum AA levels were determined using an AA
analyzer. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were higher
in the STAM group than in the normal group (non-NASH-induced mice). Histological analysis
revealed that STAM mice had fatty liver, NASH, and fibrosis at 6, 8, and 10 weeks,
respectively. Moreover, the mice exhibited fibrosis and HCC at 16 weeks. The serum
branched-chain AA levels were higher in the STAM group than in the normal group,
especially at 8 and 10 weeks. The Fischer ratio decreased at 16 weeks in the STAM group,
with increasing aromatic AA levels. These results suggested that this model sequentially
depicts the development of fatty liver, NASH, cirrhosis, HCC, and AA metabolism disorders
within a short experimental period. Additionally, serum amyloid A was suggested to be a
useful inflammation biomarker associated with NASH. We believe that the STAM model will be
useful for studying AA metabolism and/or pharmacological effects in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Iida
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8522, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8529, Japan
| | - Sachi Kuranuki
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8522, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8560, Japan
| | - Masaya Uchida
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi hagio-machi, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585, Japan
| | - Masanori Ohta
- Graduate School of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8529, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ichimura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takayuki Masaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Masataka Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8529, Japan
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Huang F, Wang S, Zhao A, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Lei S, Ge K, Qu C, Zhao Q, Yan C, Jia W. Pu-erh Tea Regulates Fatty Acid Metabolism in Mice Under High-Fat Diet. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:63. [PMID: 30804786 PMCID: PMC6370627 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pu-erh tea has been extensively reported to possess lipid lowering effects but the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are generally correlated with the development of obesity, leading to increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. To investigate whether Pu-erh tea treatment alters FA metabolism, we treated HFD induced obese mice with Pu-erh tea for 22 weeks and analyzed FFA profiles of experimental mice using a UPLC-QTOF-MS platform. Results showed remarkable changes in metabolic phenotypes and FFA compositions in mice treated with or without Pu-erh tea. HFD induced a marked obese phenotype in mice as revealed by significantly increased body weight, liver and adipose tissue weight, lipid levels in serum and liver, and these parameters were markedly reduced by Pu-erh tea treatment. Several FFA or FFA ratios, such as DGLA, palmitoleic acid, and OA/SA ratio, were significantly increased while the levels of SA/PA and AA/DGLA were significantly reduced in HFD-induced obese mice. Interestingly, these differential FFAs or FFA ratios were previous identified as key markers in human obese subjects, and their changes observed in the HFD group were reversed by Pu-erh tea treatment. Moreover, a panel of FFA markers including C20:3 n6/C18:3 n6 and C20:3 n6/C20:2 n6, C18:3 n6/C18:2 n6, C18:3 n3/C18:2 n6 and C24:1 n9/C22:1 n9, which were previously identified as biomarkers in predicting the remission of obesity and diabetes in human subjects who underwent metabolic surgery procedures, were reversed by Pu-erh tea intervention. Pu-erh tea significantly improved glucose homeostasis and insulin tolerance compared to the HFD group. Additionally, Pu-erh tea treatment significantly decreased FFA synthesis genes and increased the expression of genes involved in FFA uptake and β-oxidation including FATP2, FATP5, PPARα, CPT1α, and ACOX-1. These finding confirmed the beneficial effects of Pu-erh tea on regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, and further validated a panel of FFA markers with diagnostic and prognostic value for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouli Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Ripe and Raw Pu-Erh Tea: LC-MS Profiling, Antioxidant Capacity and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Aqueous and Hydro-Alcoholic Extracts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030473. [PMID: 30699941 PMCID: PMC6384787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we reported a detailed profiling of soluble components of two fermented varieties of Chinese green tea, namely raw and ripe pu-erh. The identification and quantification of the main components was carried out by means of mass spectrometry and UV spectroscopy, after chromatographic separation. The antioxidant capacity towards different radical species, the anti-microbial and the enzyme inhibition activities of the extracts were then correlated to their main constituents. Despite a superimposable qualitative composition, a similar caffeine content, and similar enzyme inhibition and antimicrobial activities, raw pu-erh tea extract had a better antioxidant capacity owing to its higher polyphenol content. However, the activity of raw pu-erh tea seems not to justify its higher production costs and ripe variety appears to be a valid and low-cost alternative for the preparation of products with antioxidant or antimicrobial properties.
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Cai X, Hayashi S, Fang C, Hao S, Wang X, Nishiguchi S, Tsutsui H, Sheng J. Pu'erh tea extract-mediated protection against hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance in mice with diet-induced obesity is associated with the induction of de novo lipogenesis in visceral adipose tissue. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:1240-1251. [PMID: 28364190 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White adipose tissue (WAT) is important for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, and metabolic syndrome is sometimes associated with WAT dysfunction in humans and animals. WAT reportedly plays a key, beneficial role in the maintenance of glucose and lipid homeostasis during de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Pu'erh tea extract (PTE) can inhibit harmful, ectopic DNL in the liver, thus protecting against hepatosteatosis, in mice with diet-induced obesity. We examined whether PTE could induce DNL in WAT and consequently protect against hepatosteatosis. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with/without PTE for 16 weeks. Systemic insulin sensitivity was determined using HOMA-IR, insulin- and glucose-tolerance tests, and WAT adipogenesis was evaluated by histological analysis. Adipogenesis-, inflammation-, and DNL-related gene expression in visceral AT (VAT) and subcutaneous AT (SAT) was measured using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Regression analysis was used to investigate the association between DNL in WAT and systemic insulin resistance or hepatosteatosis. RESULTS Pu'erh tea extract significantly reduced the gain of body weight and SAT, but not VAT adiposity, in mice fed the high-fat diet and induced adipogenesis in VAT. The expression of DNL-related genes, including Glut4, encoding an important insulin-regulated glucose transporter (GLUT4), were highly elevated in VAT. Moreover, PTE inhibited VAT inflammation by simultaneously downregulating inflammatory molecules and inducing expression of Gpr120 that encodes an anti-inflammatory and pro-adipogenesis receptor (GPR-120) that recognizes unsaturated long-chain fatty acids, including DNL products. The expression of DNL-related genes in VAT was inversely correlated with hepatosteatosis and systemic insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Activation of DNL in VAT may explain PTE-mediated alleviation of hepatosteatosis symptoms and systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Pu-erh Tea and Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chongye Fang
- Department of Pu-erh Tea and Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, The Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | | | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, The Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Shuhei Nishiguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Pu-erh Tea and Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, The Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China.
- Pu'erh Tea Research Institute, Pu'erh, China.
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Hu WY, Ma XH, Zhou WY, Li XX, Sun TT, Sun H. Preventive effect of Silibinin in combination with Pu-erh tea extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in ob/ob mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:1105-1115. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01591c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the synergistic effect of Silibinin combined with Pu-erh tea extract against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese medicine
| | - Xiao-Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese medicine
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Tasly Holding Group Co
- Ltd
- Tianjin 300410
| | - Wang-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese medicine
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Tasly Holding Group Co
- Ltd
- Tianjin 300410
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese medicine
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Tasly Holding Group Co
- Ltd
- Tianjin 300410
| | - Ting-Ting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese medicine
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Tasly Holding Group Co
- Ltd
- Tianjin 300410
| | - He Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese medicine
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14
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Xiao RY, Hao J, Ding YH, Che YY, Zou XJ, Liang B. Transcriptome Profile Reveals that Pu-Erh Tea Represses the Expression of Vitellogenin Family to Reduce Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2016; 21:E1379. [PMID: 27763516 PMCID: PMC6274137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to misbalanced energy surplus and expenditure, obesity has become a common chronic disorder that is highly associated with many metabolic diseases. Pu-erh tea, a traditional Chinese beverage, has been believed to have numerous health benefits, such as anti-obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of its anti-obesity effect are yet to be understood. Here, we take the advantages of transcriptional profile by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to view the global gene expression of Pu-erh tea. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was treated with different concentrations of Pu-erh tea water extract (PTE, 0 g/mL, 0.025 g/mL, and 0.05 g/mL). Compared with the control, PTE indeed decreases lipid droplets size and fat accumulation. The high-throughput RNA-Sequence technique detected 18073 and 18105 genes expressed in 0.025 g/mL and 0.05 g/mL PTE treated groups, respectively. Interestingly, the expression of the vitellogenin family (vit-1, vit-2, vit-3, vit-4 and vit-5) was significantly decreased by PTE, which was validated by qPCR analysis. Furthermore, vit-1(ok2616), vit-3(ok2348) and vit-5(ok3239) mutants are insensitive to PTE triggered fat reduction. In conclusion, our transcriptional profile by RNA-Sequence suggests that Pu-erh tea lowers the fat accumulation primarily through repression of the expression of vit(vitellogenin) family, in addition to our previously reported (sterol regulatory element binding protein) SREBP-SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yue Xiao
- Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, #24Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Junjun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolutionary & Functional Genomics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yi-Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yan-Yun Che
- Pharmaceutical College, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xiao-Ju Zou
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of University in Yunnan Province, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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15
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Liu J, Peng CX, Gao B, Gong JS. Serum metabolomics analysis of rat after intragastric infusion of Pu-erh theabrownin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3708-3716. [PMID: 26676261 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to study the effects of Pu-erh theabrownin (TB) (Mw > 50 kDa) on the metabolism of rat serum by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics and identify candidate marker metabolites associated with Pu-erh TB, and thus provide fundamental information for a better understanding of the metabolism of Pu-erh tea in animals. RESULTS TB infusion induced different changes in endogenous serum metabolites depending on the type of diet. Compared with the control group, the TB infusion group showed significantly reduced serum glycine and choline levels, as well as significantly increased taurine, carnitine and high-density lipoprotein (all P < 0.05). Compared with the high-lipid group, the high-lipid TB infusion group exhibited significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein and acetate levels, as well as significantly increased inositol, carnitine and glycine levels (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Examination of the variations of these differential expressed metabolites and their individual functions revealed that the TB extract accelerated lipid catabolism in rats and might affect glucose metabolism. Of these, carnitine level significantly increased after intragastric infusion of TB regardless of the type of diet, and activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferases I and II changed significantly, suggesting carnitine may be a candidate serum marker for tracking the metabolism of TB in rats. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Chun-Xiu Peng
- Horticultural Department, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Jia-Shun Gong
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
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16
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Wang S, Huang Y, Xu H, Zhu Q, Lu H, Zhang M, Hao S, Fang C, Zhang D, Wu X, Wang X, Sheng J. Oxidized tea polyphenols prevent lipid accumulation in liver and visceral white adipose tissue in rats. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2037-2048. [PMID: 27271251 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea polyphenols are the prominent component in tea. After the fermentation process, tea polyphenols are oxidized by polyphenol oxidase to form oxidized tea polyphenols (OTPs). OTPs contain a significant amount of hydrophobic phenyl groups that can bind with non-aqueous materials. Here, we determined whether OTPs can bind with lipids and reduce fat uptake and assessed the effect of OTPs on decreasing obesity and alleviating hyperlipidaemia and other metabolic syndromes. METHODS Rats were divided into three groups: control, high-fat diet (HFD) and OTP groups. The control and HFD groups were fed a chow diet and a high-fat diet, respectively, for 12 weeks; the OTP group was fed a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and then a high-fat diet containing 2 % OTP for 6 weeks. The serum and excrement triglyceride (TAG) and total cholesterol (CHOL) concentrations were determined, and liver tissue and white adipose tissue were collected to detect the expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism. RESULTS Our results revealed that OTPs failed to decrease the serum concentrations of TAG and CHOL. OTPs alleviated the accumulation of lipids in the liver tissue and changed the expression levels of the regulators of lipid metabolism, i.e., peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors (ppars), compared with the rats fed a high-fat diet alone. We also observed a significantly decreased reduction of weight in the visceral white adipose, enhanced regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation by PPARα and enhanced biosynthesis of mitochondria in the visceral white adipose of the OTP rats compared with the HFD rats. Additionally, OTPs promoted the excretion of lipids. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that OTPs alleviate the accumulation of lipids in liver and visceral white adipose tissue and promote lipid excretion in rats in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Research Center for Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Station of Tea Resource and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yewei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Research Center for Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Station of Tea Resource and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Research Center for Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Station of Tea Resource and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Research Center for Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Station of Tea Resource and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Research Center for Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Station of Tea Resource and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Research Center for Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Station of Tea Resource and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shumei Hao
- Department of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Chongye Fang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Research Center for Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Station of Tea Resource and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Research Center for Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Station of Tea Resource and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Research Center for Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Station of Tea Resource and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Research Center for Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Station of Tea Resource and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650201, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Research Center for Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Station of Tea Resource and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650201, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Xu P, Ying L, Wu J, Kong D, Wang Y. Safety evaluation and antihyperlipidemia effect of aqueous extracts from fermented puerh tea. Food Funct 2016; 7:2667-74. [PMID: 27181163 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01389e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fermented puerh tea, having undergone a long period of secondary oxidization and fermentation, has become more and more popular in recent years. In the present paper, a safety evaluation of aqueous extracts from fermented puerh tea (EFPT) was performed, including an oral acute toxicity study in rats and mice, mutation tests, a mouse micronucleus test, mouse sperm abnormality test and a 30 day feeding study in rats. Meanwhile, the antihyperlipidemia effect of EFPT was investigated as well. It was found that the oral maximum tolerated dose of EFPT was more than 10.0 g per kg body weight both in rats and mice. And it had no mutagenicity as judged by negative experimental results of the mutation test. No abnormal symptoms, clinical signs or deaths have been found in rats in each group throughout the experiments. In addition, EFPT in this study showed certain effects on hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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18
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Deepure Tea Improves High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:980345. [PMID: 26504484 PMCID: PMC4609455 DOI: 10.1155/2015/980345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was to explore the protective effects of Deepure tea against insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis and elucidate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce the metabolic syndrome. In the Deepure tea group, HFD mice were administrated with Deepure tea at 160 mg/kg/day by gavage for 14 days. The mice in HFD group received water in the same way over the same period. The age-matched C57BL/6 mice fed with standard chow were used as normal control. Compared to the mice in HFD group, mice that received Deepure tea showed significantly reduced plasma insulin and improved insulin sensitivity. Deepure tea increased the expression of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), which plays an important role in hepatic insulin signaling pathway. Deepure tea also led to a decrease in hepatic fatty acid synthesis and lipid accumulation, which were mediated by the downregulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthesis (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) proteins that are involved in liver lipogenesis. These results suggest that Deepure tea may be effective for protecting against insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis via modulating IRS-2 and downstream signaling SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC.
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Ding Y, Zou X, Jiang X, Wu J, Zhang Y, Chen D, Liang B. Pu-erh tea down-regulates sterol regulatory element-binding protein and stearyol-CoA desaturase to reduce fat storage in Caenorhaditis elegans. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0113815. [PMID: 25659129 PMCID: PMC4319740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of Pu-erh has been reported to result in numerous health benefits, but the mechanisms underlying purported weight-loss and lowering of lipid are poorly understood. Here, we used the nematode Caenorhaditis elegans to explore the water extract of Pu-erh tea (PTE) functions to reduce fat storage. We found that PTE down-regulates the expression of the master fat regulator SBP-1, a homologue of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and its target stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a key enzyme in fat biosynthesis, leading to an increased ratio of stearic acid (C18:0) to oleic acid (C18:1n-9), and subsequently decreased fat storage. We also found that both the pharyngeal pumping rate and food uptake of C. elegans decreased with exposure to PTE. Collectively, these results provide an experimental basis for explaining the ability of Pu-erh tea in promoting inhibition of food uptake and the biosynthesis of fat via SBP-1 and SCD, thereby reducing fat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiHong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - XiaoJu Zou
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of University in Yunnan Province, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (XJZ)
| | - Xue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - JieYu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - YuRu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of University in Yunnan Province, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (XJZ)
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