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Ye Y, Kawaguchi Y, Takeuchi A, Zhang N, Mori R, Mijiti M, Banno A, Okada T, Hiramatsu N, Nagaoka S. Rose polyphenols exert antiobesity effect in high-fat-induced obese mice by regulating lipogenic gene expression. Nutr Res 2023; 119:76-89. [PMID: 37757642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity presents a major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recent reports indicate that many kinds of polyphenols have the potential to prevent metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that rose polyphenols (ROSE) have the effect of improvement in lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether rose polyphenols affected lipid metabolism and exerted antiobesity. To clarify the mechanism, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 0.25% ROSE for 35 days. Compared with the control group, body weight gain and adipose tissue weight in the 0.25% ROSE group were significantly decreased. Serum cholesterol and hepatic triglyceride concentrations significantly decreased, whereas fecal triglyceride was significantly increased in the 0.25% ROSE group. Liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (Hmgcr), and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (Acat1) mRNA as well as protein stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 concentrations were significantly lower in the 0.25% ROSE group than that in the control group. The mRNA and the protein concentrations of adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and peroxisomal acylcoenzyme A oxidase 1 in white adipose tissue were significantly higher in the 0.25% ROSE group than that in the control group. The components in rose polyphenols were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and we consider that ellagic acid plays an important role in an antiobesity effect because the ellagic acid content is the highest among polyphenols in rose polyphenols. In summary, rose polyphenols exhibit antiobesity effects by influencing lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins to promote lipolysis and suppress lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Ye
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawaguchi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Asahi Takeuchi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ni Zhang
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mori
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Maihemuti Mijiti
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Arata Banno
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Hydrolyzable tannins (ellagitannins), flavonoids, pentacyclic triterpenes and their glycosides in antimycobacterial extracts of the ethnopharmacologically selected Sudanese medicinal plant Combretum hartmannianum Schweinf. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112264. [PMID: 34624680 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In Sudanese traditional medicine, decoctions, macerations, and tonics of the stem and root of Combretum hartmannianum are used for the treatment of persistent cough, a symptom that could be related to tuberculosis (TB). To verify these traditional uses, extracts from the stem wood, stem bark, and roots of C. hartmannianum were screened for their growth inhibitory effects against Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 14468. Methanol Soxhlet and ethyl acetate extracts of the root gave the strongest effects (MIC 312.5 and 625 µg/ml, respectively). HPLC-UV/DAD and UHPLC/QTOF-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of the root led to the detection of 54 compounds, of which most were polyphenols and many characterized for the first time in C. hartmannianum. Among the major compounds were terflavin B and its two isomers, castalagin, corilagin, tellimagrandin I and its derivative, (S)-flavogallonic acid dilactone, punicalagin, and methyl-ellagic acid xylopyranoside. In addition, di-, tri- and tetra-galloyl glucose, combregenin, terminolic acid, cordifoliside D, luteolin, and quercetin-3-O-galactoside-7-O-rhamnoside-(2→1)-O-β-D-arabinopyranoside were characterized. Luteolin gave better growth inhibition against M. smegmatis (MIC 250 µg/ml) than corilagin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid (MIC 500-1000 µg/ml). Our study justifies the use of C. hartmannianum in Sudanese folk medicine against prolonged cough that could be related to TB infection. This study demonstrates that C. hartmannianum should be explored further for new anti-TB drug scaffolds and antibiotic adjuvants.
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Inhibition of Digestive Enzyme and Stimulation of Human Liver Cells (HepG2) Glucose Uptake by Date Seeds Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4290702. [PMID: 32802126 PMCID: PMC7411488 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4290702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, and the United Arab Emirates is presenting one of the world's highest prevalence rates. Dietary polyphenols exert an antidiabetic effect by modulating carbohydrates digestion and cellular glucose uptake. Due to their particularly high content in polyphenols, date seeds represent a potential antidiabetic agent. This study aims to determine if date seed polyphenols inhibit the activity of the enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates and modulating the glucose uptake by human liver cells. In vitro activity of the intestinal α-glucosidase, pancreatic α-amylase, the glucose uptake by HepG2 cells, and the expression of GLUT4 and AMPK analyzed by western blotting (with and without date seeds extract). Our result showed that the maximum enzymes inhibition was obtained with 400 μg/mL and 900 μg/mL DSE for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. The HepG2 cell viability significantly decreased up to 80% at 4000 μg/mL DSE. The expression of GLUT4 was higher at 100 μg/mL DSE (with insulin and without insulin). However, the expressions of P-AMPK and AMPK were increased by DSE, mainly in a non-insulin-dependent manner. Therefore, DSE, by inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and stimulating glucose uptake by HepG2, can potentially demonstrate the therapeutic potential for diabetes management.
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Machida S, Mukai S, Kono R, Funato M, Saito H, Uchiyama T. Synthesis and Comparative Structure-Activity Study of Carbohydrate-Based Phenolic Compounds as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors and Antioxidants. Molecules 2019; 24:E4340. [PMID: 31783621 PMCID: PMC6930660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-one natural and unnatural phenolic compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety were synthesized and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) was evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidative activity. Varying the position of the galloyl unit on the 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1,5-AG) core resulted in changes in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and notably, particularly strong activity was demonstrated when the galloyl unit was present at the C-2 position. Furthermore, increasing the number of the galloyl units significantly affected the α-glucosidase inhibition, and 2,3,4,6-tetra-galloyl-1,5-AG (54) and 2,3,4,6-tetra-galloyl-d-glucopyranose (61) exhibited excellent activities, which were more than 13-fold higher than the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of acertannin (37). Moreover, a comparative structure-activity study suggested that a hemiacetal hydroxyl functionality in the carbohydrate core and a biaryl bond of the 4,6-O-hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) group, which are components of ellagitannins including tellimagrandin I, are not necessary for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Lastly, the antioxidant activity increased proportionally with the number of galloyl units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Taketo Uchiyama
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan; (S.M.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.F.); (H.S.)
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Li WT, Chuang YH, Hsieh JF. Characterization of Maltase and Sucrase Inhibitory Constituents from Rhodiola crenulata. Foods 2019; 8:E540. [PMID: 31684079 PMCID: PMC6915683 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory properties of epicatechin-(4β,8)-epicatechingallate (B2-3'-O-gallate), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epicatechin (EC) isolated from Rhodiola crenulata toward maltase and sucrase were investigated. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for maltase were as follows: B2-3'-O-gallate (1.73 ± 1.37 μM), ECG (3.64 ± 2.99 μM), and EC (6.25 ± 1.84 μM). Inhibition kinetic assays revealed the inhibition constants (Ki) of the mixed-competitive inhibitors of maltase, as follows: B2-3'-O-gallate (1.99 ± 0.02 μM), ECG (3.14 ± 0.04 μM), and EC (7.02 ± 0.26 μM). These compounds also showed a strong inhibitory activity toward sucrase, and the IC50 values of B2-3'-O-gallate, ECG, and EC were 6.91 ± 3.41, 18.27 ± 3.99, and 18.91 ± 3.66 μM, respectively. Inhibition kinetic assays revealed the inhibition constants (Ki) of the mixed-competitive inhibitors of sucrase as follows: B2-3'-O-gallate (6.05 ± 0.04 μM), ECG (8.58 ± 0.08 μM), and EC (13.72 ± 0.15 μM). Overall, these results suggest that B2-3'-O-gallate, ECG, and EC are potent maltase and sucrase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tai Li
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chuang
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 242, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Feng Hsieh
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 242, Taiwan.
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Orejola J, Luz MA, Matsuo Y, Saito Y, Morita K, Tanaka T. Characterization and cytotoxicity of ellagitannins from Stachyurus praecox fruit. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kazeem MI, Ashafa AOT. Kinetics of inhibition of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes and mitigation of oxidative stress by Eucomis humilis Baker bulb. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Sompong W, Muangngam N, Kongpatpharnich A, Manacharoenlarp C, Amorworasin C, Suantawee T, Thilavech T, Adisakwattana S. The inhibitory activity of herbal medicines on the keys enzymes and steps related to carbohydrate and lipid digestion. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:439. [PMID: 27814716 PMCID: PMC5097378 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and overweight are consistently associated with metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Herbal medicines have been currently suggested as an alternative source of potentially useful antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to assess the in vitro inhibitory effects of eleven herbal medicines on carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzymes and the key steps of lipid digestion including the inhibition of micelle formation and the ability to bind bile acid. In addition, antioxidant activity of herbal medicines was also investigated. METHODS α-Glucosidase, pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic cholesterol esterase inhibitory activities of aqueous extract of herbal medicines were measured using the enzymatic colorimetric assay. The formation of cholesterol micelles was determined using the cholesterol assay kit. The bile acid binding was measured using the colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activities were assessed by using four methods including Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity ORAC), superoxide radical scavenging activity (SRSA), and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA). RESULTS The extracts (1 mg/mL) markedly inhibited intestinal maltase (5.16 - 44.33 %), sucrase (1.25-45.86 %), pancreatic α-amylase (1.75-12.53 %), pancreatic lipase (21.42-85.93 %), and pancreatic cholesterol esterase (2.92-53.35 %). The results showed that all extracts exhibited the inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase with the IC50 values ranging from 0.015 to 4.259 mg/mL. In addition, the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles was inhibited by the extracts (6.64-33.74 %). The extracts also bound glycodeoxycholic acid (9.9-15.08 %), taurodeoxycholic acid (12.55-18.18 %), and taurocholic acid (11.91 - 18.4 %). Furthermore, the extracts possessed various antioxidant activities including the TEAC values (0.50 - 4.70 μmol trolox/mg dried extract), the ORAC values (9.14-44.41 μmol trolox/mg dried extract), the SRSA (0.31 - 18.82 mg trolox/mg dried extract), and the HRSA (0.05-2.29 mg trolox/mg dried extract). The findings indicated that Syzygium aromaticum, Phyllanthus amarus, Thunbergia laurifolia were the effective promising antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic agents. Statistical analysis demonstrated strong positive significant correlations between the contents of phenolic compounds and % inhibition of pancreatic lipase (r = 0.885, p < 0.001), % inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase (r = 0.761, p < 0.001), and the TEAC value (r = 0.840, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a strongly positive correlation between the TEAC value and % inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase (r = 0.851, p < 0.001) and % inhibition of pancreatic lipase (r = 0.755, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Three herbal medicines including Syzygium aromaticum, Thunbergia laurifolia, and Phyllanthus amarus markedly inhibited the intestinal α-glucosidase, pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic cholesterol esterase. They also reduced formation of cholesterol micelle and bound bile acid. The findings indicate that these herbal medicines might be a promising agent for antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities.
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Tahir HU, Sarfraz RA, Ashraf A, Adil S. Chemical Composition and Antidiabetic Activity of Essential Oils Obtained from Two Spices (Syzygium aromaticum and Cuminum cyminum). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raja Adil Sarfraz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Central Hi-Tech Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Adil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Parker S, May B, Zhang C, Zhang AL, Lu C, Xue CC. A Pharmacological Review of Bioactive Constituents ofPaeonia lactifloraPallas andPaeonia veitchiiLynch. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1445-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shefton Parker
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - Brian May
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - Claire Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangzhou China
- The Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Charlie Changli Xue
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangzhou China
- The Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
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Kazeem MI, Ashafa AOT. In-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of Dianthus basuticus Burtt Davy whole plant extracts. J Herb Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Anti-hyperglycemic activity of polyphenols isolated from barnyard millet (Echinochloa utilis L.) and their role inhibiting α-glucosidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-015-0070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Inhibitory properties of aqueous ethanol extracts of propolis on alpha-glucosidase. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:587383. [PMID: 25767553 PMCID: PMC4342172 DOI: 10.1155/2015/587383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory properties of various extracts of propolis on alpha-glucosidase from baker's yeast and mammalian intestine. Inhibitory activities of aqueous ethanol extracts of propolis were determined by using 4-nitrophenyl-D-glucopyranoside, sucrose and maltose as substrates, and acarbose as a positive reference. All extracts were significantly effective in inhibiting α-glucosidase from baker's yeast and rat intestinal sucrase in comparison with acarbose (P < 0.05). The 75% ethanol extracts of propolis (75% EEP) showed the highest inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and sucrase and were a noncompetitive inhibition mode. 50% EEP, 95%, EEP and 100% EEP exhibited a mixed inhibition mode, while water extracts of propolis (WEP) and 25% EEP demonstrated a competitive inhibition mode. Furthermore, WEP presented the highest inhibitory activity against maltase. These results suggest that aqueous ethanol extracts of propolis may be used as nutraceuticals for the regulation of postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Yasuda M, Yasutake K, Hino M, Ohwatari H, Ohmagari N, Takedomi K, Tanaka T, Nonaka GI. Inhibitory effects of polyphenols from water chestnut (Trapa japonica) husk on glycolytic enzymes and postprandial blood glucose elevation in mice. Food Chem 2014; 165:42-9. [PMID: 25038647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Water chestnut is an annual aquatic plant that grows in Asia and Europe. Although water chestnut has been used as food and herbal medicine, its physiological functions and active ingredients are unknown. Here, we extracted polyphenols from the husk of the Japanese water chestnut (Trapa japonica) and assessed their effects on blood glucose levels. Three hydrolysable polyphenolics (WCPs), eugeniin, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose, and trapain, were predominant with dry-weight contents of 2.3 ± 0.0, 2.7 ± 0.1, and 1.2 ± 0.1g/100g, respectively. These WCPs exhibited inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Whereas (-)-epigallocatechin gallate does not inhibit α-amylase, WCPs exhibited high inhibitory activity (>80% at 0.15 mg/mL). In mice, administration of WCPs (40 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood glucose and serum insulin levels as assessed by the carbohydrate tolerance test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Yasuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition Science, Nishikyushu University, Kanzaki, Saga 842-8585, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Yasutake
- Department of Health and Nutrition Science, Nishikyushu University, Kanzaki, Saga 842-8585, Japan
| | - Madoka Hino
- Department of Health and Nutrition Science, Nishikyushu University, Kanzaki, Saga 842-8585, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ohwatari
- Department of Health and Nutrition Science, Nishikyushu University, Kanzaki, Saga 842-8585, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ohmagari
- Department of Health and Nutrition Science, Nishikyushu University, Kanzaki, Saga 842-8585, Japan
| | - Kazumi Takedomi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Nishikyushu University Junior College, Kamizono, Saga-shi, Saga 840-0806, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-Machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Sanae F, Kamiyama O, Ikeda-Obatake K, Higashi Y, Asano N, Adachi I, Kato A. Effects of eugenol-reduced clove extract on glycogen phosphorylase b and the development of diabetes in db/db mice. Food Funct 2014; 5:214-9. [PMID: 24336787 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60514k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We found that the 50% aqueous EtOH extract of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) had potent dose-dependent inhibitory activity toward glycogen phosphorylase b and glucagon-stimulated glucose production in primary rat hepatocytes. Among the components, eugeniin inhibited glycogen phosphorylase b and glucagon-stimulated glucose production in primary rat hepatocytes, with IC50 values of 0.14 and 4.7 μM, respectively. In sharp contrast, eugenol showed no significant inhibition toward glycogen phosphorylase b, even at a concentration of 400 μM. Eugenol-reduced clove extracts (erCE) were prepared and when fed to a db/db mouse they clearly suppressed the blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Furthermore, plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid levels in 5% and 10% erCE-fed db/db mice were significantly lowered, compared with control db/db mice without erCE supplementation. These results suggested that dietary supplementation with the erCE could beneficially modify glucose and lipid metabolism and contribute to the prevention of the progress of hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiko Sanae
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
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Liu M, Yin H, Liu G, Dong J, Qian Z, Miao J. Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from beer hops, acts as an α-glucosidase inhibitor in vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5548-5554. [PMID: 24897556 DOI: 10.1021/jf500426z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN) is a unique prenylated flavonoid in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and beer. XN alleviates hyperglycemia and has potential usage in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, a series of in vitro experiments were performed to investigate whether XN was an effective inhibitor of α-glucosidase. The results showed that XN inhibited α-glucosidase in a reversible and noncompetitive manner, with an IC50 value of 8.8 μM and that XN inhibited the release of glucose from the maltose in the apical side of the Caco-2 cell monolayer. Fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra results indicated that XN directly bound to α-glucosidase and induced minor conformational changes of the enzyme. These results demonstrated that XN is a promising α-glucosidase inhibitor, which therefore could be used as functional food to alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia and as a potential candidate for the development of an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China
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Kawaguchi M, Tanabe H, Nagamine K. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Flavonoid Possessing a 4,2″-Glycosidic Linkage from Green Mature Acerola (Malpighia emarginataDC.) Fruit. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:1130-5. [PMID: 17485835 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The novel flavonoid, leucocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, possessing a 4,2''-glycosidic linkage was isolated from green mature acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) puree and given the trivial name "aceronidin." To examine the functions of aceronidin, its antioxidative activity and both its alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibition activities, as a potential inhibitor of the sugar catabolic enzyme, were evaluated against those of taxifolin, catechin, isoquercitrin and quercitrin which each have a similar structure. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical quenching activity of aceronidin was stronger than that of alpha-tocopherol and comparable to that of flavonoids. In the yeast alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assay, aceronidin showed significantly greater inhibition than the other flavonoids tested. In the human salivary alpha-amylase inhibitory assay, aceronidin showed inhibition activity. Taken together, these results indicate aceronidin to be a potent antioxidant that may be valuable as an inhibitor of sugar catabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kawaguchi
- Research & Development Division, Research & Development Center, Nichirei Biosciences Inc, Tokyo, Japan.
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Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Leaf Extract Prepared fromSalacia reticulatain Mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:1096-104. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhang Z, Luo A, Zhong K, Huang Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Gao H, Xu Z, Gao X. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity by the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Narender T, Madhur G, Jaiswal N, Agrawal M, Maurya CK, Rahuja N, Srivastava AK, Tamrakar AK. Synthesis of novel triterpene and N-allylated/N-alkylated niacin hybrids as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:162-9. [PMID: 23474902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. α-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) inhibitors interfere with enzymatic action to slow down the liberation of d-glucose from oligosaccharides and disaccharides, resulting in delayed glucose absorption and decreased postprandial plasma glucose levels. In continuation of our drug discovery program on antidiabetic agents, we synthesized novel N-allylated/N-alkylated niacin and α-amyrin (4-9) and lupeol (12-16) hybrids and tested for their α-glucosidase inhibiting activity. Compounds 4-9 showed better activity profile than the marketed α-glucosidase inhibitor i.e. acarbose. Compound 4 possess the highest inhibitory action with IC50 of 5 μM. Kinetic and CD studies revealed that 4 inhibited the α-glucosidase in a noncompetitive manner and caused conformational changes in secondary structure of the enzyme protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, UP, India.
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Li ZQ, Zuo DY, Qie XD, Qi H, Zhao MQ, Wu YL. Berberine acutely inhibits the digestion of maltose in the intestine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:474-480. [PMID: 22626925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Chinese Goldthread Rhizome has been used in the Traditional Chinese Medicine as an important ingredient of many formulas for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Berberine, the main effective composition of Chinese Goldthread Rhizome, is also effective in treating diabetes in today's clinical practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of berberine which treats acutely on the postprandial blood glucose, and to explore the mechanism of this activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. One-dose preprandial intragastric administrations of berberine were given to normal animals (dogs and rats), and the postprandial blood glucose concentration curves were measured. Serum insulin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was only performed in rats. 2. The euglycemic clamp test was performed to evaluate the effect of one-dose berberine intragastric administration on the blood glucose transformation and utilization rate in rats. 3. In the Caco-2 cell monolayer test, the changes of glucose concentration on the apical and basolateral sides were measured when the maltose solution containing berberine was added to the apical side. 4. The inhibition ratio of berberine against α-glucosidase was measured in vitro. 5. The effect of berberine on the fluorescence emission spectrums of α-glucosidase was studied. RESULTS One-dose preprandial intragastric administration of berberine delayed the rise of post-maltose blood glucose, did not affect postprandial blood glucose after glucose meal, and did not affect the insulin level in normal rats; reduced post-maltose blood glucose in normal dogs. 2. The result of euglycemic clamp test showed that one-dose intragastric administration of berberine had no effect on the blood glucose transformation and utilization rate in rats. 3. Berberine added to the maltose solution on the apical side of Caco-2 cell monolayer reduced the glucose concentration on the apical side. Glucose in basolateral side of all groups cannot be detected. 4. Berberine inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase in vitro. 5. Berberine significantly and concentration dependently quenched the fluorescence emission spectrum of α-glucosidase. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an additional mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity of berberine by demonstrating its ability to acutely inhibit the α-glucosidase, and support the traditional use of berberine and Chinese Goldthread Rhizome for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Qiang Li
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmacology, Wenhua Road, No. 103, Shenyang 110016, China
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Huang YN, Zhao DD, Gao B, Zhong K, Zhu RX, Zhang Y, Xie WJ, Jia LR, Gao H. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of chebulagic acid from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6320-6333. [PMID: 22754367 PMCID: PMC3382786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13056320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we firstly compared rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity by different ethanol-aqueous extractions from the dried fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. The enzymatic assay showed that the 80% ethanol extract was more potent against maltase activity than both 50% and 100% ethanol extracts. By HPLC analysis, it was determined that the 80% ethanol extract had a higher content of chebulagic acid than each of 50% or 100% ethanol extract. Next, we investigated how efficiently chebulagic acid could inhibit sugar digestion by determining the glucose level on the apical side of the Caco-2 cell monolayer. The result showed that the maltose-hydrolysis activity was down-regulated by chebulagic acid, which proved to be a reversible inhibitor of maltase in Caco-2 cells. On the other hand, chebulagic acid showed a weak inhibition of sucrose-hydrolysis activity. Meanwhile, chebulagic acid did not have an obvious influence on intestinal glucose uptake and was not effective on glucose transporters. Further animal studies revealed that the oral administration of chebulagic acid (100 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced postprandial blood glucose levels by 11.1% in maltose-loaded Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats compared with the control group, whereas the oral administration of chebulagic acid did not show a suppressive effect on postprandial hyperglycemia in sucrose- or glucose-loaded SD-rats. The results presented here suggest that chebulagic acid from T. chebula can be used to control blood glucose and manage type 2 diabetes, although clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Na Huang
- Department of Public Health, Hua Xi Medicinal Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; E-Mails: (Y.-N.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Dong-Dong Zhao
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; E-Mail:
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Public Health, Hua Xi Medicinal Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; E-Mails: (Y.-N.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Kai Zhong
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; E-Mails: (K.Z.); (R.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.-J.X.)
| | - Rui-Xue Zhu
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; E-Mails: (K.Z.); (R.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.-J.X.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; E-Mails: (K.Z.); (R.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.-J.X.)
| | - Wang-Jun Xie
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; E-Mails: (K.Z.); (R.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.-J.X.)
| | - Li-Rong Jia
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; E-Mails: (K.Z.); (R.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.-J.X.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (L.-R.J.); (H.G.); Tel.: +86-28-8540-5236; Fax: +86-28-8540-5137
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; E-Mails: (K.Z.); (R.-X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.-J.X.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (L.-R.J.); (H.G.); Tel.: +86-28-8540-5236; Fax: +86-28-8540-5137
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Tsukiyama M, Sugita T, Kikuchi H, Yasuda Y, Arashima M, Okumura H, Lhieochaiphant S, Shoyama Y. Effect of Duabanga grandiflora for Human Skin Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 38:387-99. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10007920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of Duabanga grandiflora (Sonneratiaceae), which has been used as a traditional Thai medicine on human skin cells. The leaf extract of D. grandiflora actively affected several human skin cells such as skin whitening, anti-aging and anti-inflammation. It became evident that the extract stimulated the production of type III collagen. The crude extract was fractionated and analyzed for stimulation of type III collagen production, and finally by HPLC to isolate an active compound which was determined to be eugeniin by EI-mass, 13C NMR, 1H NMR and acidic hydrolysis. Eugeniin has strong dose dependent activity for type III collagen production, with this being the first example of stimulation activity for type III collagen production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
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Liu L, Yu YL, Liu C, Wang XT, Liu XD, Xie L. Insulin deficiency induces abnormal increase in intestinal disaccharidase activities and expression under diabetic states, evidences from in vivo and in vitro study. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1963-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Feshani AM, Kouhsari SM, Mohammadi S. Vaccinium arctostaphylos, a common herbal medicine in Iran: molecular and biochemical study of its antidiabetic effects on alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:67-74. [PMID: 20850514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to define antidiabetic effects of fruit of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. (Ericaceae) which is traditionally used in Iran for improving of health status of diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, we examined the effect of ethanolic extract of Vaccinium arctostaphylos fruit on postprandial blood glucose (PBG) after 1, 3, 5, 8, and 24h following a single dose administration of the extract to alloxan-diabetic male Wistar rats. Also oral glucose tolerance test was carried out. Secondly, PBG was measured at the end of 1, 2 and 3 weeks following 3 weeks daily administration of the extract. At the end of treatment period the pancreatic INS and cardiac GLUT-4 mRNA expression and also the changes in the plasma lipid profiles and antioxidant enzymes activities were assessed. Finally, we examined the inhibitory activity of the extract against rat intestinal α-glucosidase. RESULTS The obtained results showed mild acute (18%) and also significant chronic (35%) decrease in the PBG, significant reduction in triglyceride (47%) and notable rising of the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (57%), glutathione peroxidase (35%) and catalase (19%) activities due to treatment with the extract. Also we observed increased expression of GLUT-4 and INS genes in plant extract treated Wistar rats. Furthermore, in vitro studies displayed 47% and 56% inhibitory effects of the extract on activity of intestinal maltase and sucrase enzymes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study allow us to establish scientifically Vaccinium arctostaphylos fruit as a potent antidiabetic agent with antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and triglyceride lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboozar Monavar Feshani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Chung CYS, Chan KHY, Yam VWW. “Proof-of-principle” concept for label-free detection of glucose and α-glucosidase activity through the electrostatic assembly of alkynylplatinum(ii) terpyridyl complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2000-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04437g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Huang YN, Zhao YL, Gao XL, Zhao ZF, Jing Z, Zeng WC, Yang R, Peng R, Tong T, Wang LF, Cen JQ, Gao H. Intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and toxicological evaluation of Nymphaea stellata flowers extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:306-312. [PMID: 20600753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Nymphaea stellata willd. flowers (NSF) are used as a traditional medicine in India and Nepal to treat diabetic disease. Different works have demonstrated that NSF extract showed antihyperglycemic effect on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In the present work we evaluated in vitro intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibition as the possible mode of action of NSF extract on suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia for curing diabetic mellitus. In addition, NSF extract was studied to assess its possible acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat intestinal crude enzyme preparation and Caco-2 monolayer were used to evaluate alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of NSF extract. The main alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were detected by HPLC. For acute toxicity test, NSF extract was administered at doses of 2000, 5000 and 10,000 mg/kg body to three groups of 10 ICR mice each, and then clinical symptoms including mortality, clinical sign and gross findings were observed once a day for 14 days. In Ames test, histidine-dependent auxotrophic mutants of Salmonella typhimurium (strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535) were used and incubated in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation using NSF extract with concentrations of 150-5000 microg/plate. The chromosome aberration test was conducted with Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells treated with NSF extract at doses of 150-5000 microg/ml in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation. In the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, 9-week-old male and female ICR mice (n=90, 25-30 g) were administered daily by oral gavage at doses of 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 g/kg body for 1 or 2 days. Bone marrow smears were prepared from each treatment group 24h after last administration and then polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) were identified. RESULTS NSF extract showed potent rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity for maltose hydrolysis with ED(50) value of 0.1 mg/ml. In Caco-2 monolayer, alpha-glucosidase activity for the maltose hydrolysis was down-regulated by NSF extract at a concentration of 0.05 mg/well level, showing 74% inhibition compared to the saline treated control. NSF was rich in phenol contents and the main alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose, was identified together with two phenolic compounds of gallic acid and corilagin. In acute toxicity test, NSF extract did not produce any toxic signs or deaths and the LD(50) value of this extract could be greater than 10,000 mg/kg body weight. These results of genotoxicity assessment showed that NSF extract did not cause genotoxic effects in Ames test, in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay and in the in vivo micronucleus assay. CONCLUSION The current study shows that the extract from Nymphaea stellata flowers exhibits significant intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, without showing any acute toxicity or genotoxicity, which may be useful in suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetics. The results presented here suggest that the use of NSF in folk medicine as a natural antidiabetic treatment could be safe as well as beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Na Huang
- Department of Public Health, Hua Xi Medicinal Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Methyl caffeate as an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from Solanum torvum fruits and the activity of related compounds. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74:741-5. [PMID: 20378981 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In screening experiments for rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase (sucrase and maltase) inhibitors in 325 plants cultivated in Japan's southern island, of Tanegashima, marked inhibition against both sucrase and maltase was found in the extract of the fruit of Solanum torvum. Enzyme-assay guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of methyl caffeate (1) as a rat intestinal sucrase and maltase inhibitor. We examined 13 caffeoyl derivatives for sucrase- and maltase-inhibitory activities. The results showed that methyl caffeate (1) had a most favorable structure for both sucrase and maltase inhibition, except for a higher activity of methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamate (14) against sucrase. Its moderate inhibitory action against alpha-glucosidase provides a prospect for antidiabetic usage of S. torvum fruit.
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Ochir S, Nishizawa M, Park BJ, Ishii K, Kanazawa T, Funaki M, Yamagishi T. Inhibitory effects of Rosa gallica on the digestive enzymes. J Nat Med 2010; 64:275-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu L, Yu YL, Yang JS, Li Y, Liu YW, Liang Y, Liu XD, Xie L, Wang GJ. Berberine suppresses intestinal disaccharidases with beneficial metabolic effects in diabetic states, evidences from in vivo and in vitro study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 381:371-81. [PMID: 20229011 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical reports have demonstrated that berberine is a potential antidiabetic agent, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate if berberine exerts its hypoglycemic action via inhibiting intestinal disaccharidases using in vivo and in vitro experiments. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received berberine (100 or 200 mg/kg) orally once daily or acarbose (40 mg/kg) orally twice daily for 5 weeks. Disaccharidase activities and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) complex messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in intestinal regions were assessed. The same treatment was operated in normal rats. Sucrose and maltose loading tests were also documented. In addition, Caco-2 cells were cultured in medium containing berberine or berberine plus chelerythrine. Compound C or H-89 for 5 days, disaccharidase activities, and SI complex mRNA levels were measured. The animal experiments showed that berberine significantly decreased the disaccharidase activities and SI complex mRNA expression both in diabetic rats and normal rats. Berberine can also significantly lower postprandial blood glucose levels induced by sucrose or maltose loading in normal rats. The cellular results showed that berberine may suppress disaccharidase activities and downregulate SI complex mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Only H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), may reverse the decrease in disaccharidase activities and SI complex mRNA expression induced by berberine. In conclusion, berberine suppresses disaccharidase activities and SI complex mRNA expression with beneficial metabolic effects in diabetic states. The inhibitory effect, at least partly, involves the PKA-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Yoshida T, Amakura Y, Yoshimura M. Structural features and biological properties of ellagitannins in some plant families of the order Myrtales. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:79-106. [PMID: 20162003 PMCID: PMC2820991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Revised: 12/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant tannins, including hydrolysable and condensed varieties, are well known antioxidants in medicinal plants, foods, and edible fruits. Their diverse biological properties and potential for disease prevention have been demonstrated by various in vitro and in vivo assays. A number of ellagitannins, the largest group of hydrolysable tannins, have been isolated from dicotyledoneous angiosperms and characterized. This diverse class of tannins is sub-grouped into simple ellagitannins, C-glycosidic ellagitannins, complex tannins (condensates of C-glycosidic tannins with flavan-3-ol), and oligomers up to pentamers. This review outlines and describes the chemotaxonomic significance of structural features in various types of ellagitannins found in plants belonging to the Myrtaceae, Onagraceae, and Melastomataceae families, which are all included in the order Myrtales. Any biological activities that have been reported, including antitumor and antibacterial effects as well as enzyme inhibition, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshida
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan; E-Mails:
(Y.A.);
(M.Y.)
| | - Yoshiaki Amakura
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan; E-Mails:
(Y.A.);
(M.Y.)
| | - Morio Yoshimura
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan; E-Mails:
(Y.A.);
(M.Y.)
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Structural Features and Biological Properties of Ellagitannins in Some Plant Families of the Order Myrtales. Int J Mol Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms11010079 pmid: 20162003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ohuchi K, Aoyagi Y. Inhibitory Effect of Mushroom Extracts on .ALPHA.-Amylase and .ALPHA.-Glucosidase. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.57.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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TAGUCHI Y, GOTO N, KAWADA Y, NASU R, ARAI R, MIURA M, GOMYO T. Evaluation of Herbal Foods on .ALPHA.-Glucosidase Activity and Glycemic Index. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.16.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Adisakwattana S, Charoenlertkul P, Yibchok-Anun S. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of cyanidin-3-galactoside and synergistic effect with acarbose. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:65-9. [PMID: 18615280 DOI: 10.1080/14756360801906947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-galactoside, a natural anthocyanin, was investigated for its alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The IC(50) value of cyanidin-3-galactoside was 0.50 +/- 0.05 mM against intestinal sucrase. A low dose of cyanidin-3-galactoside showed a synergistic inhibition on intestinal alpha-glucosidase (maltase and sucrase) when combined with acarbose. A kinetic analysis showed that cyanidin-3-galactoside gave a mixed type inhibition against intestinal sucrase. The results indicated that cyanidin-3-galactoside was an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and could be used in combination with acarbose for treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Yoshida K, Hishida A, Iida O, Hosokawa K, Kawabata J. Flavonol Caffeoylglycosides as alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Spiraea cantoniensis Flower. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:4367-4371. [PMID: 18498168 DOI: 10.1021/jf8007579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the screening experiments for rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in 218 plants cultivated in the Japanese temperate region, potent maltase-inhibiting activity was found in the extract of flowers of Spiraea cantoniensis. The enzyme assay guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of three flavonol caffeoylglycosides, quercetin 3- O-(6- O-caffeoyl)-beta-galactoside ( 1), kaempferol 3- O-(6- O-caffeoyl)-beta-galactoside ( 2), and kaempferol 3- O-(6- O-caffeoyl)-beta-glucoside ( 3), as rat intestinal maltase inhibitors. This is the first report on the alpha-glucosidase-inhibitory activity of those flavonol caffeoylglycosides. Comparison in the activity of the isolates indicated the importance of caffeoyl substructures in the molecule for the alpha-glucosidase-inhibiting activity. The relatively high contents of the active isolates in the plant suggest that S. cantoniensis could be physiologically useful for treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yoshida
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from Chinese aloes. Fitoterapia 2008; 79:456-7. [PMID: 18508205 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of Chinese aloes led to the isolation of aloeresin A, which demonstrated significant dose dependent alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with IC(50) values of 11.94 and 2.16 mM, against rat intestinal sucrase and maltase, respectively.
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Pluempanupat W, Adisakwattana S, Yibchok-Anun S, Chavasiri W. Synthesis of N-phenylphthalimide derivatives as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 30:1501-6. [PMID: 18254235 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen N-phenylphthalimide derivatives were synthesized and their ability to inhibit alpha-glucosidase was investigated. N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phthalimide was a potent inhibitor of yeast alpha-glucosidase (IC50; 0.158 +/- 0.005 mM) and maltase (IC50; 0.051 +/- 0.008 mM), whereas it did not inhibit sucrase. From a Lineweaver-Burk plot of alpha-glucosidase kinetics, N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)phthalimide was found to be a competitive inhibitor of yeast alpha-glucosidase. These results indicate that N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phthalimide could be a representative of a new group of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchai Pluempanupat
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Bhandari MR, Jong-Anurakkun N, Hong G, Kawabata J. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata, Haw.). Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ozaki S, Tamura H, Kataoka K. Effects of Repeated Overdoses of Kothala-kimbutu Extract in Drinks. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.55.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ani V, Naidu KA. Antihyperglycemic activity of polyphenolic components of black/bitter cumin Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Kuntze seeds. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jong-Anurakkun N, Bhandari MR, Kawabata J. α-Glucosidase inhibitors from Devil tree (Alstonia scholaris). Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hansawasdi C, Kawabata J. α-Glucosidase inhibitory effect of mulberry (Morus alba) leaves on Caco-2. Fitoterapia 2006; 77:568-73. [PMID: 17071014 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of brewing time on dry weight content and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory active component released from mulberry (Morus alba) tea were studied. Different tea products showed significant differences in inhibitory activity against both sucrase and maltase. The most effective enzyme inhibition was observed when 3 to 5 min brewing time was applied in tea preparation. In a Caco-2 cell culture experiment the tea reduced the liberated glucose contents in both apical and basal sides of the cell monolayers. It can be concluded that hot water extract of mulberry leaves does have inhibitory effect against alpha-glucosidases, sucrase and maltase enzymes, and has a potential to be consumed as antidiabetic herb tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanida Hansawasdi
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
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Effects of 50% Ethanol Extract from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on ?-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and the Elevation of Plasma Glucose Level in Rats, and Its Active Compound. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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KAWADA Y, MIURA M, GOMYO T. Inhibitory Effect of Vegetables, Fruits and Herbs on .ALPHA.-Glucosidase in an Immobilized Enzyme Assay System. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.12.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Musabayane CT, Mahlalela N, Shode FO, Ojewole JAO. Effects of Syzygium cordatum (Hochst.) [Myrtaceae] leaf extract on plasma glucose and hepatic glycogen in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:485-490. [PMID: 15740884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Revised: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the hypoglycaemic effect of Syzygium cordatum (Hochst.) [Myrtaceae] leaf extract in non-diabetic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGGT) were conducted in non-diabetic and STZ-diabetic rats using orally administered glucose (1.4 g 100 g(-1) body weight) followed by either the leaf extract (6 mg 100 g(-1) body weight) or subcutaneous (sc) injection of metformin (50 mg 100 g(-1)). Weekly plasma glucose and terminal hepatic glycogen concentrations were recorded in control STZ-diabetic rats and diabetic rats orally treated with the leaf extract once every third day for 4 weeks. Administration of the leaf extract decreased plasma glucose from 7.7+/-0.9 mmol l(-1) to 3.7+/-0.6 mmol l(-1) (n = 6), and 21.1+/-2.2 mmol l(-1) to 12.5+/-1.8 mmol l(-1) (n = 7) by 2 1/2 h in non-diabetic and STZ-diabetic rats, respectively. OGTT data in metformin-treated rats were similar at the corresponding time in all groups, except for significant blood glucose reduction by the drug in non-diabetic rats between 1 and 1 1/2 h after treatment. Oral administration of the extract did not affect plasma glucose concentration in STZ-diabetic rats after 4 weeks, although it significantly increased hepatic glycogen content by comparison with untreated STZ-diabetic rats (28+/-5 mg 100 g(-1) body weight, n = 7, versus 16+/-3 mg 100 g(-1) body weight, n = 6). We conclude that Syzygium cordatum leaf extract contains compounds that could be effective in mild diabetes mellitus or in cases of glucose tolerance impairment. The possible mechanism(s) involved in the short-term hypoglycaemic effect of the extract could not be established by the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Musabayane
- Department of Human Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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NASU R, MIURA M, GOMYO T. Effects of Fruit, Spices and Herbs on .ALPHA. Glucosidase Activity and Glycemic Index. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.11.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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50
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Kawabata J, Mizuhata K, Sato E, Nishioka T, Aoyama Y, Kasai T. 6-hydroxyflavonoids as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from marjoram (Origanum majorana) leaves. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003; 67:445-7. [PMID: 12729019 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A methanol extract of marjoram leaves strongly inhibited rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase. Five 6-hydroxyflavonoids, 6-hydroxyapigenin (scutellarein; IC50 for sucrose hydrolysis by rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase, 12 microM), 6-hydroxyapigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (> 500 microM), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (300 microM), 6-hydroxyapigenin-7-O-(6-O-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (>500 microM), and 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-(6-O-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (> 500 microM), were isolated as active principles and related compounds. The two feruloylglucosides are novel compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kawabata
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
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