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Beall J, Li H, Martin-Harris B, Neelon B, Elm J, Graboyes E, Hill E. Bayesian hierarchical profile regression for binary covariates. Stat Med 2024; 43:3432-3446. [PMID: 38853284 DOI: 10.1002/sim.10119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Dysphagia, a common result of other medical conditions, is caused by malfunctions in swallowing physiology resulting in difficulty eating and drinking. The Modified Barium Swallow Study (MBSS), the most commonly used diagnostic tool for evaluating dysphagia, can be assessed using the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP™). The MBSImP assessment tool consists of a hierarchical grouped data structure with multiple domains, a set of components within each domain which characterize specific swallowing physiologies, and a set of tasks scored on a discrete scale within each component. We lack sophisticated approaches to extract patterns of physiologic swallowing impairment from the MBSImP task scores within a component while still recognizing the nested structure of components within a domain. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical profile regression model, which uses a Bayesian profile regression model in conjunction with a hierarchical Dirichlet process mixture model to (1) cluster subjects into impairment profile patterns while respecting the hierarchical grouped data structure of the MBSImP, and (2) simultaneously determine associations between latent profile cluster membership for all components and the outcome of dysphagia severity. We apply our approach to a cohort of patients referred for an MBSS and assessed using the MBSImP. Our research results can be used to inform appropriate intervention strategies, and provide tools for clinicians to make better multidimensional management and treatment decisions for patients with dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Beall
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Division of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bonnie Martin-Harris
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Neelon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jordan Elm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Evan Graboyes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hill
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Hoover JH, Coker ES, Erdei E, Luo L, Begay D, MacKenzie D, Lewis J. Preterm Birth and Metal Mixture Exposure among Pregnant Women from the Navajo Birth Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127014. [PMID: 38109118 PMCID: PMC10727039 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth (PTB), defined as birth before 37 wk gestation, is associated with hypertension, diabetes, inadequate prenatal care, unemployment or poverty, and metal exposure. Indigenous individuals are more likely to have maternal risk factors associated with PTB compared with other populations in the United States; however, the role of environmental metals on PTB among pregnant Indigenous women remains uncertain. Previous research identified associations between PTB and individual metals, but there is limited investigation on metal mixtures and this birth outcome. OBJECTIVES We used a mixtures analysis framework to investigate the association between metal mixtures and PTB among pregnant Indigenous women from the Navajo Birth Cohort Study (NBCS). METHODS Maternal urine and blood samples were collected at the time of study enrollment and analyzed for metals by inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry. Bayesian Profile Regression was used to identify subgroups (clusters) of individuals with similar patterns of coexposure and to model association with PTB. RESULTS Results indicated six subgroups of maternal participants with distinct exposure profiles, including one group with low exposure to all metals and one group with total arsenic, cadmium, lead, and uranium concentrations exceeding representative concentrations calculated from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Compared with the reference group (i.e., the lowest exposure subgroup), the subgroup with the highest overall exposure had a relative risk of PTB of 2.9 times (95% credible interval: 1.1, 6.1). Exposures in this subgroup were also higher overall than NHANES median values for women 14-45 years of age. DISCUSSION Given the wide range of exposures and elevated PTB risk for the most exposed subgroups in a relatively small study, follow-up investigation is recommended to evaluate associations between metal mixture profiles and other birth outcomes and to test hypothesized mechanisms of action for PTB and oxidative stress caused by environmental metals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H. Hoover
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Eric S. Coker
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Esther Erdei
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - David Begay
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Debra MacKenzie
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - NBCS Study Team
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Coker ES, Saha Turna N, Schouwenburg M, Jalil A, Bradshaw C, Kuo M, Mastel M, Kazemian H, Roushorne M, Henderson SB. Characterization of the short-term temporal variability of road dust chemical mixtures and meteorological profiles in a near-road urban site in British Columbia. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2023; 73:502-516. [PMID: 36880994 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2186964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Implications: Non-tailpipe emissions driven by springtime road dust in northern latitude communities is increasing in importance for air pollution control and improving our understanding of the health effects of chemical mixtures from particulate matter exposure. High-volume samples from a near-road site indicated that days affected by springtime road dust are substantively different from other days with respect to particulate matter mixture composition and meteorological drivers. The high load of trace elements in PM10 on high road dust days has important implications for the acute toxicity of inhaled air and subsequent health effects. The complex relationships between road dust and weather identified in this study may facilitate further research on the health effects of chemical mixtures related to road dust while also highlighting potential changes in this unique form of air pollution as the climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Coker
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nikita Saha Turna
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mya Schouwenburg
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
- Natural Resources & Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | - Ahmad Jalil
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | - Charles Bradshaw
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | - Michael Kuo
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Molly Mastel
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
- Natural Resources & Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | | | - Sarah B Henderson
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Zhao Y, An X, Sun Z, Li Y, Hou Q. Identification of Health Effects of Complex Air Pollution in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12652. [PMID: 36231950 PMCID: PMC9566804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
After the Chinese government introduced a series of policies to strengthen the control of air pollution, the concentration of particulate matter has decreased, but the concentration of ozone has increased, and the problem of complex air pollution still exists, posing a serious threat to public health. Therefore, disentangling the health effect of multi-pollutants has been a long-discussed challenge in China. To evaluate the adverse effects of complex air pollution, a generalized additive model was used to assess the health risks of different pollution types in eight metropolises in different climates in China from 2013 to 2016. Instead of directly introducing multiple pollutant concentrations, we integrated the concentration levels of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 into a set of predictors by grouping methods and divided air pollution into three high single-pollutant types and four high multi-pollutant types to calculate mortality risk in different types. The comprehensive results showed that the impact of high multi-pollutant types on mortality risk was greater than that of high single-pollutant types. Throughout the study period, the high multi-pollutant type with high PM2.5, NO2, and O3 and the high multi-pollutant type with high PM2.5 and NO2 were more associated with death, and the highest RRs were 1.129 (1.080, 1.181) and 1.089 (1.066, 1.113), respectively. In addition, the pollution types that most threaten people are different in different cities. These differences may be related to different pollution conditions, pollutant composition, and indoor-outdoor activity patterns in different cities. Seasonally, the risk of complex air pollution is greater in most cities in the warm season than in the cold season. This may be caused by the modifying effects of high temperature on pollutants in addition to different indoor-outdoor activity patterns in different seasons. The results also show that calculating the effect of individual air pollutants separately and adding them together may lead to an overestimation of the combined effect. It further highlights the urgency and need for air pollution health research to move towards a multi-pollutant approach that considers air pollution as a whole in the context of atmospheric abatement and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingqin An
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhaobin Sun
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Shoari N, Beevers S, Brauer M, Blangiardo M. Towards healthy school neighbourhoods: A baseline analysis in Greater London. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107286. [PMID: 35660953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Creating healthy environments around schools is important to promote healthy childhood development and is a critical component of public health. In this paper we present a tool to characterize exposure to multiple urban environment features within 400 m (5-10 min walking distance) of schools in Greater London. We modelled joint exposure to air pollution (NO2 and PM2.5), access to public greenspace, food environment, and road safety for 2,929 schools, employing a Bayesian non-parametric approach based on the Dirichlet Process Mixture modelling. We identified 12 latent clusters of schools with similar exposure profiles and observed some spatial clustering patterns. Socioeconomic and ethnicity disparities were manifested with respect to exposure profiles. Specifically, three clusters (containing 645 schools) showed the highest joint exposure to air pollution, poor food environment, and unsafe roads and were characterized with high deprivation. The neighbourhood of the most deprived cluster of schools had a median of 2.5 ha greenspace, 29.0 µg/m3 of NO2, 19.3 µg/m3 of PM2.5, 20 fast food retailers, and five child pedestrian crashes over a three-year period. The neighbourhood of the least deprived cluster of schools had a median of 21.8 ha greenspace, 15.6 µg/m3 of NO2, 15.1 µg/m3 of PM2.5, 2 fast food retailers, and one child pedestrian crash over a three-year period. To have a school-level understanding of exposure levels, we then benchmarked schools based on the probability of exceeding the median exposure to various features of interest. Our study accounts for multiple exposures, enabling us to highlight spatial distribution of exposure profile clusters, and to identify predominant exposure to urban environment features for each cluster of schools. Our findings can help relevant stakeholders, such as schools and public health authorities, to compare schools based on their exposure levels, prioritize interventions, and design local policies that target the schools most in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Shoari
- MRC Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Sean Beevers
- MRC Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marta Blangiardo
- MRC Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
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A prospective cohort study of physical activity in relation to lung cancer incidence among Black women. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102146. [PMID: 35325667 PMCID: PMC9133140 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black women have higher lung cancer incidence and mortality rates despite a lower smoking prevalence than White women. Physical activity may reduce lung cancer risk through several pathways, including the immune and inflammatory systems, as well as those with effects on sex hormones and metabolism. METHODS We examined vigorous physical activity, walking for exercise, sitting watching television, and metabolic equivalents (METs) in relation to lung cancer risk among 38,432 participants in a prospective cohort of Black women. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for covariates to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In 1995-2017, 475 incident lung cancer cases accrued. Participants who engaged in ≥ 1 h/week of vigorous physical activity or expended the highest tertile of METs experienced a decreased risk of lung cancer (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.65-1.10; 0.89, 0.68-1.18; respectively). An increased risk was observed for sitting watching television (≥1 h/week: 1.27, 0.72-2.21). In stratified models, an inverse association between walking for exercise and lung cancer risk was only present among former smokers (≥1 h/week: 0.71, 0.52-0.98), while inverse associations between vigorous physical activity (≥1 h/week: 0.45, 0.28-0.73) and METs (tertile 3: 0.54, 0.34-0.85) and lung cancer risk were present among smokers with ≥ 20 pack-years. CONCLUSION Physical activity may play a role in reducing lung cancer risk among Black women, particularly among smokers. Future studies should explore biologic mechanisms whereby physical activity may influence carcinogenesis and investigate the role of exercise interventions in reducing lung cancer risk among smokers.
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the most rapidly increasing malignancy worldwide with an estimated 2.1 million cancer cases in the latest, 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) report. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of air pollution and lung cancer, in Tehran, Iran. Residential area information of the latest registered lung cancer cases that were diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 (N = 1,850) were inquired from the population-based cancer registry of Tehran. Long-term average exposure to PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, NOX, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), and BTEX in 22 districts of Tehran were estimated using land use regression models. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to generate multi-pollutant exposure profiles. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to examine the association between air pollutants and lung cancer incidence. The districts with higher concentrations for all pollutants were mostly in downtown and around the railway station. Districts with a higher concentration for NOx (IRR = 1.05, for each 10 unit increase in air pollutant), benzene (IRR = 3.86), toluene (IRR = 1.50), ethylbenzene (IRR = 5.16), p-xylene (IRR = 9.41), o-xylene (IRR = 7.93), m-xylene (IRR = 2.63) and TBTEX (IRR = 1.21) were significantly associated with higher lung cancer incidence. Districts with a higher multiple air-pollution profile were also associated with more lung cancer incidence (IRR = 1.01). Our study shows a positive association between air pollution and lung cancer incidence. This association was stronger for, respectively, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, m-xylene and toluene.
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Belloni M, Laurent O, Guihenneuc C, Ancelet S. Bayesian Profile Regression to Deal With Multiple Highly Correlated Exposures and a Censored Survival Outcome. First Application in Ionizing Radiation Epidemiology. Front Public Health 2020; 8:557006. [PMID: 33194957 PMCID: PMC7652768 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.557006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As multifactorial and chronic diseases, cancers are among these pathologies for which the exposome concept is essential to gain more insight into the associated etiology and, ultimately, lead to better primary prevention strategies for public health. Indeed, cancers result from the combined influence of many genetic, environmental and behavioral stressors that may occur simultaneously and interact. It is thus important to properly account for multifactorial exposure patterns when estimating specific cancer risks at individual or population level. Nevertheless, the risk factors, especially environmental, are still too often considered in isolation in epidemiological studies. Moreover, major statistical difficulties occur when exposures to several factors are highly correlated due, for instance, to common sources shared by several pollutants. Suitable statistical methods must then be used to deal with these multicollinearity issues. In this work, we focused on the specific problem of estimating a disease risk from highly correlated environmental exposure covariates and a censored survival outcome. We extended Bayesian profile regression mixture (PRM) models to this context by assuming an instantaneous excess hazard ratio disease sub-model. The proposed hierarchical model incorporates an underlying truncated Dirichlet process mixture as an attribution sub-model. A specific adaptive Metropolis-Within-Gibbs algorithm-including label switching moves-was implemented to infer the model. This allows simultaneously clustering individuals with similar risks and similar exposure characteristics and estimating the associated risk for each group. Our Bayesian PRM model was applied to the estimation of the risk of death by lung cancer in a cohort of French uranium miners who were chronically and occupationally exposed to multiple and correlated sources of ionizing radiation. Several groups of uranium miners with high risk and low risk of death by lung cancer were identified and characterized by specific exposure profiles. Interestingly, our case study illustrates a limit of MCMC algorithms to fit full Bayesian PRM models even if the updating schemes for the cluster labels incorporate label-switching moves. Then, although this paper shows that Bayesian PRM models are promising tools for exposome research, it also opens new avenues for methodological research in this class of probabilistic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Belloni
- PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LEPID, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laurent
- PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LEPID, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Guihenneuc
- Université de Paris, Unité de Recherche “Biostatistique, Traitement et Modélisation des données biologiques” BioSTM - UR 7537, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Ancelet
- PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LEPID, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Paris, France
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A spatial joint analysis of metal constituents of ambient particulate matter and mortality in England. Environ Epidemiol 2020; 4:e098. [PMID: 32832837 PMCID: PMC7423532 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated associations between metal components of particulate matter on mortality due to well-known issues of multicollinearity. Here, we analyze these exposures jointly to evaluate their associations with mortality on small area data. We fit a Bayesian profile regression (BPR) to account for the multicollinearity in the elemental components (iron, copper, and zinc) of PM10 and PM2.5. The models are developed in relation to mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory disease and lung cancer incidence in 2008-2011 at a small area level, for a population of 13.6 million in the London-Oxford area of England. From the BPR, we identified higher risks in the PM10 fraction cluster likely to represent the study area, excluding London, for cardiovascular mortality relative risk (RR) 1.07 (95% credible interval [CI] 1.02, 1.12) and for respiratory mortality RR 1.06 (95%CI 0.99, 1.31), compared with the study mean. For PM2.5 fraction, higher risks were seen for cardiovascular mortality RR 1.55 (CI 95% 1.38, 1.71) and respiratory mortality RR 1.51 (CI 95% 1.33, 1.72), likely to represent the "highways" cluster. We did not find relevant associations for lung cancer incidence. Our analysis showed small but not fully consistent adverse associations between health outcomes and particulate metal exposures. The BPR approach identified subpopulations with unique exposure profiles and provided information about the geographical location of these to help interpret findings.
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Berger K, Coker E, Rauch S, Eskenazi B, Balmes J, Kogut K, Holland N, Calafat AM, Harley K. Prenatal phthalate, paraben, and phenol exposure and childhood allergic and respiratory outcomes: Evaluating exposure to chemical mixtures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138418. [PMID: 32302842 PMCID: PMC7255953 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals found in personal care products and plastics have been associated with asthma, allergies, and lung function, but methods to address real life exposure to mixtures of these chemicals have not been applied to these associations. METHODS We quantified urinary concentrations of eleven phthalate metabolites, four parabens, and five other phenols in mothers twice during pregnancy and assessed probable asthma, aeroallergies, and lung function in their age seven children. We implemented Bayesian Profile Regression (BPR) to cluster women by their exposures to these chemicals and tested the clusters for differences in outcome measurements. We used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to fit biomarkers into one model as joint independent variables. RESULTS BPR clustered women into seven groups characterized by patterns of personal care product and plastic use, though there were no significant differences in outcomes across clusters. BKMR showed that monocarboxyisooctyl phthalate and 2,4-dichlorophenol were associated with probable asthma (predicted probability of probable asthma per IQR of biomarker z-score (standard deviation) = 0.08 (0.09) and 0.11 (0.12), respectively) and poorer lung function (predicted probability per IQR = -0.07 (0.05) and -0.07 (0.06), respectively), and that mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate and bisphenol A were associated with aeroallergies (predicted probability per IQR = 0.13 (0.09) and 0.11 (0.08), respectively). Several biomarkers demonstrated positive additive effects on other associations. CONCLUSIONS BPR and BKMR are useful tools to evaluate associations of biomarker concentrations within a mixture of exposure and should supplement single-chemical regression models when data allow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Berger
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - Eric Coker
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - John Balmes
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - Katie Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Kim Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
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Tripp-Reimer T, Williams JK, Gardner SE, Rakel B, Herr K, McCarthy AM, Hand LL, Gilbertson-White S, Cherwin C. An integrated model of multimorbidity and symptom science. Nurs Outlook 2020; 68:430-439. [PMID: 32482344 PMCID: PMC7483649 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence and complexity of persons with multiple chronic conditions (MCC), also known as multimorbidity, are shifting clinical practice from a single disease focus to one considering MCC and symptoms. Although symptoms are intricately bound to concepts inherent in MCC science, symptoms are largely ignored in multimorbidity research and literature. PURPOSE Introduce an Integrated Model of Multimorbidity and Symptom Science. METHODS Critical integrative review and synthesis process. FINDINGS The model comprises three primary domains: 1. Contributing/ Risk Factors; 2. Symptom/Disease/Treatment Interactions; and 3. Patient Outcomes. DISCUSSION The model highlights the multilevel nature of contributing factors and the recursive interactions among multiple etiologies, conditions, symptoms, therapies, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sue E Gardner
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Barbara Rakel
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Keela Herr
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Linda Liu Hand
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Laouali N, Berrandou T, A. Rothwell J, Shah S, El Fatouhi D, Romana Mancini F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G. Profiles of Polyphenol Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in 60,586 Women Followed for 20 Years: Results from the E3N Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071934. [PMID: 32610657 PMCID: PMC7400616 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on dietary polyphenol intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk have focused on total or specific subclasses of polyphenols. Since polyphenols are often consumed simultaneously, the joint effect of an intake of multiple subclasses should be explored. We aimed to identify profiles of the dietary polyphenol subclasses intake associated with T2D. A total of 60,586 women from the Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l'Education Nationale (E3N) cohort study were followed for 20 years between 1993 and 2014. T2D cases were identified and validated. The individual energy-adjusted daily intakes of 15 subclasses of polyphenols were estimated at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire and the PhenolExplorer database. We used Bayesian profile regression to perform the clustering of the covariates by identifying exposure profiles of polyphenol intakes and, simultaneously, link these to T2D risk by using multivariable Cox regression models. We validated 2740 incident T2D cases during follow-up, and identified 15 distinct clusters with different intake profiles and T2D risk. When compared to the largest cluster (n = 6298 women), higher risks of T2D were observed in three of those clusters, which were composed of women with low or medium intakes of anthocyanins, dihydroflavonols, catechins, flavonols, hydroxybenzoic acids, lignans, and stilbenes. One cluster (n = 4243), characterized by higher intakes of these polyphenol subclasses, exhibited lower T2D risk when compared to the reference cluster. These results highlight the importance of a varied diet of polyphenol-rich foods such as nuts, fruits, and vegetables to prevent T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Laouali
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, U1018 Inserm, 94800 Villejuif CEDEX, France; (J.A.R.); (S.S.); (D.E.F.); (F.R.M.); (M.-C.B.-R.); (G.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-South Paris Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-42-11-63-73
| | - Takiy Berrandou
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Paris, UMR 970 Inserm, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Joseph A. Rothwell
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, U1018 Inserm, 94800 Villejuif CEDEX, France; (J.A.R.); (S.S.); (D.E.F.); (F.R.M.); (M.-C.B.-R.); (G.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-South Paris Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Sanam Shah
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, U1018 Inserm, 94800 Villejuif CEDEX, France; (J.A.R.); (S.S.); (D.E.F.); (F.R.M.); (M.-C.B.-R.); (G.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-South Paris Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Douae El Fatouhi
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, U1018 Inserm, 94800 Villejuif CEDEX, France; (J.A.R.); (S.S.); (D.E.F.); (F.R.M.); (M.-C.B.-R.); (G.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-South Paris Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, U1018 Inserm, 94800 Villejuif CEDEX, France; (J.A.R.); (S.S.); (D.E.F.); (F.R.M.); (M.-C.B.-R.); (G.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-South Paris Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, U1018 Inserm, 94800 Villejuif CEDEX, France; (J.A.R.); (S.S.); (D.E.F.); (F.R.M.); (M.-C.B.-R.); (G.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-South Paris Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, U1018 Inserm, 94800 Villejuif CEDEX, France; (J.A.R.); (S.S.); (D.E.F.); (F.R.M.); (M.-C.B.-R.); (G.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-South Paris Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Digital Epidemiology Hub, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
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13
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Abstract
AbstractIn this paper we propose a Dirichlet process mixture model for censored survival data with covariates. This model is suitable in two scenarios. First, this method can be used to identify clusters determined by both the censored survival data and the predictors. Second, this method is suitable for highly correlated predictors, in cases when the usual survival models cannot be implemented because they would be unstable due to multicollinearity. The Dirichlet process mixture model links a response vector to covariate data through cluster membership and in this paper this model is extended for mixtures of Weibull distributions, which can be used to model survival times and also allow for censoring. We propose two variants of this model, one with a shape parameter common to all clusters (referred to as a global parameter) for the Weibull distributions and one with a cluster-specific shape parameter. The first satisfies the proportional hazard assumption, while the latter is very flexible, as it has the advantage of allowing estimation of the survival curve whether or not the proportional hazards assumption is satisfied. We present a simulation study and, to demonstrate the applicability of the method in practice, a real application to sleep surveys in older women from The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. The method developed in the paper is available in the R package PReMiuM.
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14
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Carroll R, White AJ, Keil AP, Meeker JD, McElrath TF, Zhao S, Ferguson KK. Latent classes for chemical mixtures analyses in epidemiology: an example using phthalate and phenol exposure biomarkers in pregnant women. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:149-159. [PMID: 31636370 PMCID: PMC6917962 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Latent class analysis (LCA), although minimally applied to the statistical analysis of mixtures, may serve as a useful tool for identifying individuals with shared real-life profiles of chemical exposures. Knowledge of these groupings and their risk of adverse outcomes has the potential to inform targeted public health prevention strategies. This example applies LCA to identify clusters of pregnant women from a case-control study within the LIFECODES birth cohort with shared exposure patterns across a panel of urinary phthalate metabolites and parabens, and to evaluate the association between cluster membership and urinary oxidative stress biomarkers. LCA identified individuals with: "low exposure," "low phthalates, high parabens," "high phthalates, low parabens," and "high exposure." Class membership was associated with several demographic characteristics. Compared with "low exposure," women classified as having "high exposure" had elevated urinary concentrations of the oxidative stress biomarkers 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (19% higher, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7, 32%) and 8-isoprostane (31% higher, 95% CI = -5, 64%). However, contrast examinations indicated that associations between oxidative stress biomarkers and "high exposure" were not statistically different from those with "high phthalates, low parabens" suggesting a minimal effect of higher paraben exposure in the presence of high phthalates. The presented example offers verification of latent class assignments through application to an additional data set as well as a comparison to another unsupervised clustering approach, k-means clustering. LCA may be more easily implemented, more consistent, and more able to provide interpretable output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Carroll
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings Global School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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15
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Yoo EH. How Short Is Long Enough? Modeling Temporal Aspects of Human Mobility Behavior Using Mobile Phone Data. ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS 2019; 109:1415-1432. [PMID: 35782334 PMCID: PMC9250074 DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2019.1586516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Time-location data collected from location-sensing technologies have the potential to advance our understanding of human mobility. Existing human activity studies tend to ignore a critical issue in data collection-the time period for which the activity data will be collected. Our study investigated this significant gap in the literature on temporal aspects of human mobility behavior-how many days constitute a period long enough to capture individuals' highly organized activity episodes and how they vary among individuals with heterogeneous demographic and social-economic characteristics. To determine a minimum number of days to capture individuals' highly organized activity episodes in activity space, we examined a distribution of Kullback-Leibler divergence indexes. To evaluate the differences in the minimal number of observation days per subgroup whose demographic and economic characteristics are heterogenous, we used a Bayesian profile regression model. Our study showed that the estimated minimum number of days required to capture routine activity patterns was 13.5 days with a standard deviation of 6.64. We found that participant's age, employment status, size of household, and accessibility to downtown, food, and physical activity, as well as economic status of residential environment, are important factors that affect temporal aspects of mobility behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Yoo
- Department of Geography, State University of New York at Buffalo
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16
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Coker E, Liverani S, Su JG, Molitor J. Multi-pollutant Modeling Through Examination of Susceptible Subpopulations Using Profile Regression. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 5:59-69. [PMID: 29427169 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-018-0177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The inter-correlated nature of exposure-based risk factors in environmental health studies makes it a challenge to determine their combined effect on health outcomes. As such, there has been much research of late regarding the development and utilization of methods in the field of multi-pollutant modeling. However, much of this work has focused on issues related to variable selection in a regression context, with the goal of identifying which exposures are the "bad actors" most responsible for affecting the health outcome of interest. However, the question addressed by these approaches does not necessarily represent the only or most important questions of interest in a multi-pollutant modeling context, where researchers may be interested in health effects from co-exposure patterns and in identifying subpopulations associated with patterns defined by different levels of constituent exposures. RECENT FINDINGS One approach to analyzing multi-pollutant data is to use a method known as Bayesian profile regression, which aids in identifying susceptible subpopulations associated with exposure mixtures defined by different levels of each exposure. Identification of exposure-level patterns that correspond to a location may provide a starting point for policy-based exposure reduction. Also, in a spatial context, identification of locations with the most health-relevant exposure-mixture profiles might provide further policy relevant information. In this brief report, we review and describe an approach that can be used to identify exposures in subpopulations or locations known as Bayesian profile regression. An example is provided in which we examine associations between air pollutants, an indicator of healthy food retailer availability, and indicators of poverty in Los Angeles County. A general tread suggesting that vulnerable individuals are more highly exposed and have limited access to healthy food retailers is observed, though the associations are complex and non-linear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Coker
- School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Liverani
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jason G Su
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA
| | - John Molitor
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
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17
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Xiao F, Huisman QE. Prediction of biopersistence of hydrocarbons using a single parameter. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:76-83. [PMID: 30212721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic biodegradation is an important attenuation process for petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) in the natural environment. It has also been frequently used in engineered systems to remediate PHC-contaminated sites. A model such as a quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) that can predict the biodegradation rate of PHCs would be helpful prior to implementing any extensive environmental measurements and bioremediation strategies. Existing QSPRs either have a large number of predictor variables that may cause overfitting or are based on a small dataset of PHCs. The goal of this study is to develop a simple, portable QSPR that has only a few predicator variables but can accurately predict the biodegradation half-lives of a large group of PHCs. To this end, more than 500 molecular variables were screened, and candidate variables were refined by a feature selection method and fitted to biodegradation data of a group of structurally heterogeneous PHCs (n = 173). The model was established by means of hierarchical clustering and classification and regression tree algorithms, which was optimized by an internal validation procedure and validated by an external dataset. The optimal QSPR model, containing only one predictor variable (the number of bonds that do not contain hydrogen), was able to accurately predict biodegradation half-lives for a wide variety of PHCs. The internal validation test indicated an overall prediction accuracy of 93%, and predictions applied to an independent external set of 64 PHCs yielded 95% accuracy. The new model is transparent and easily portable from one user to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8115, United States.
| | - Quinn E Huisman
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8115, United States
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18
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Hoover JH, Coker E, Barney Y, Shuey C, Lewis J. Spatial clustering of metal and metalloid mixtures in unregulated water sources on the Navajo Nation - Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1667-1678. [PMID: 29669690 PMCID: PMC6051417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Contaminant mixtures are identified regularly in public and private drinking water supplies throughout the United States; however, the complex and often correlated nature of mixtures makes identification of relevant combinations challenging. This study employed a Bayesian clustering method to identify subgroups of water sources with similar metal and metalloid profiles. Additionally, a spatial scan statistic assessed spatial clustering of these subgroups and a human health metric was applied to investigate potential for human toxicity. These methods were applied to a dataset comprised of metal and metalloid measurements from unregulated water sources located on the Navajo Nation, in the southwest United States. Results indicated distinct subgroups of water sources with similar contaminant profiles and that some of these subgroups were spatially clustered. Several profiles had metal and metalloid concentrations that may have potential for human toxicity including arsenic, uranium, lead, manganese, and selenium. This approach may be useful for identifying mixtures in water sources, spatially evaluating the clusters, and help inform toxicological research investigating mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Hoover
- Community Environmental Health Program, College Of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Eric Coker
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, USA
| | - Yolanda Barney
- Navajo Nation Environmental Protection Agency - Public Water Systems Supervisory Program, PO Box 339, Window Rock, AZ 86515, USA
| | - Chris Shuey
- Southwest Research and Information Center, 105 Stanford Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program, College Of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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19
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Ni X, Xu N, Wang Q. Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review in Environmental Tobacco Smoke Risk of Female Lung Cancer by Research Type. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1348. [PMID: 29954105 PMCID: PMC6068922 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than 50% of women worldwide are exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). The impact of ETS on lung cancer remains unclear. Cohort studies since the late 1990s have provided new evidence of female lung cancer risk due to ETS. The objective of this meta-analysis and systematic review was to analyze the association of ETS with female lung cancer risk from 1997 to 2017, organised based on research design. According to our applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 published studies were included. The relative risk (RR) from the cohort studies or odds ratio (OR) from case-control studies were extracted to calculate the pooled risks based on the type of study. The summary risks of ETS were further explored with the modulators of ETS exposure sources and doses. The pooled risks of lung cancer in non-smoking women exposed to ETS were 1.35 (95% CI: 1.17⁻1.56), 1.17 (95% CI: 0.94⁻1.44), and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.17⁻1.51) for case-control studies, cohort studies, and both types of studies, respectively. The summary RR estimate of the cohort studies was not statistically significant, but the RR increased with increasing doses of ETS exposure (p trend < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, ETS might be an important risk factor of female lung cancer in non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ni
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ning Xu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
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20
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Stafoggia M, Breitner S, Hampel R, Basagaña X. Statistical Approaches to Address Multi-Pollutant Mixtures and Multiple Exposures: the State of the Science. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 4:481-490. [PMID: 28988291 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to describe the most recent statistical approaches to estimate the effect of multi-pollutant mixtures or multiple correlated exposures on human health. RECENT FINDINGS The health effects of environmental chemicals or air pollutants have been widely described. Often, there exists a complex mixture of different substances, potentially highly correlated with each other and with other (environmental) stressors. Single-exposure approaches do not allow disentangling effects of individual factors and fail to detect potential interactions between exposures. In the last years, sophisticated methods have been developed to investigate the joint or independent health effects of multi-pollutant mixtures or multiple environmental exposures. A classification of the most recent methods is proposed. A non-technical description of each method is provided, together with epidemiological applications and operational details for implementation with standard software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Via Cristoforo Colombo 112, 00147, Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neurherberg, Germany
| | - Regina Hampel
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neurherberg, Germany
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Bertin M, Thébaud-Mony A, Counil E, Thébaud-Mony A, Badouraly P, Boujasson L, Chi D, Lepetit C, Levy M, Grassulo V, Vincenti M, Lanna F, Paiva M, Brisasier AC, Platel S, Marchand A, Lysaniuk B, Coutanceau C, Quijoux M, Turquis M, Daubas-Letourneux V, Counil E, Bertin M, Héry M, Sterdyniak JM, Bobbio A, Bodart JC, Bernard F, Cousaut P, Creau Y, Hasni-Pichard H, André-Lesage MA, Viallesoubranne T, Davezies P, Goudal M, Badinier I, Remoiville A. Do Women and Men Have the Same Patterns of Multiple Occupational Carcinogenic Exposures? Results from a Cohort of Cancer Patients. Ann Work Expo Health 2018; 62:450-464. [DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxx116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bertin
- INSERM, U1085, IRSET, ESTER Team, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Giscop93, UFR SMBH, Paris University, Bobigny, France
| | - Annie Thébaud-Mony
- Giscop93, UFR SMBH, Paris University, Bobigny, France
- UMR 8156-IRIS, UFR SMBH, Paris University, Bobigny, France
| | - Emilie Counil
- INSERM, U1085, IRSET, ESTER Team, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Giscop93, UFR SMBH, Paris University, Bobigny, France
- UMR 8156-IRIS, UFR SMBH, Paris University, Bobigny, France
- Department of Quantitative Methods in Public Health, EHESP Rennes, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
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22
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Scollo A, Gottardo F, Contiero B, Edwards SA. A cross-sectional study for predicting tail biting risk in pig farms using classification and regression tree analysis. Prev Vet Med 2017; 146:114-120. [PMID: 28992915 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tail biting in pigs has been an identified behavioural, welfare and economic problem for decades, and requires appropriate but sometimes difficult on-farm interventions. The aim of the paper is to introduce the Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) methodologies to develop a tool for prevention of acute tail biting lesions in pigs on-farm. A sample of 60 commercial farms rearing heavy pigs were involved; an on-farm visit and an interview with the farmer collected data on general management, herd health, disease prevention, climate control, feeding and production traits. Results suggest a value for the CRT analysis in managing the risk factors behind tail biting on a farm-specific level, showing 86.7% sensitivity for the Classification Tree and a correlation of 0.7 between observed and predicted prevalence of tail biting obtained with the Regression Tree. CRT analysis showed five main variables (stocking density, ammonia levels, number of pigs per stockman, type of floor and timeliness in feed supply) as critical predictors of acute tail biting lesions, which demonstrate different importance in different farms subgroups. The model might have reliable and practical applications for the support and implementation of tail biting prevention interventions, especially in case of subgroups of pigs with higher risk, helping farmers and veterinarians to assess the risk in their own farm and to manage their predisposing variables in order to reduce acute tail biting lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Scollo
- Swine pratictioner Swivet Research snc, Via Martiri della Bettola, 67/8, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Agripolis Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Flaviana Gottardo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Agripolis Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Agripolis Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Sandra A Edwards
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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23
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Coker E, Gunier R, Bradman A, Harley K, Kogut K, Molitor J, Eskenazi B. Association between Pesticide Profiles Used on Agricultural Fields near Maternal Residences during Pregnancy and IQ at Age 7 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E506. [PMID: 28486423 PMCID: PMC5451957 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that potential prenatal exposure to agricultural pesticides was associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children, yet the effects of joint exposure to multiple pesticides is poorly understood. In this paper, we investigate associations between the joint distribution of agricultural use patterns of multiple pesticides (denoted as "pesticide profiles") applied near maternal residences during pregnancy and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) at 7 years of age. Among a cohort of children residing in California's Salinas Valley, we used Pesticide Use Report (PUR) data to characterize potential exposure from use within 1 km of maternal residences during pregnancy for 15 potentially neurotoxic pesticides from five different chemical classes. We used Bayesian profile regression (BPR) to examine associations between clustered pesticide profiles and deficits in childhood FSIQ. BPR identified eight distinct clusters of prenatal pesticide profiles. Two of the pesticide profile clusters exhibited some of the highest cumulative pesticide use levels and were associated with deficits in adjusted FSIQ of -6.9 (95% credible interval: -11.3, -2.2) and -6.4 (95% credible interval: -13.1, 0.49), respectively, when compared with the pesticide profile cluster that showed the lowest level of pesticides use. Although maternal residence during pregnancy near high agricultural use of multiple neurotoxic pesticides was associated with FSIQ deficit, the magnitude of the associations showed potential for sub-additive effects. Epidemiologic analysis of pesticides and their potential health effects can benefit from a multi-pollutant approach to analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Coker
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94703, USA.
| | - Robert Gunier
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94703, USA.
| | - Asa Bradman
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94703, USA.
| | - Kim Harley
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94703, USA.
| | - Katherine Kogut
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94703, USA.
| | - John Molitor
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94703, USA.
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Mattei F, Liverani S, Guida F, Matrat M, Cenée S, Azizi L, Menvielle G, Sanchez M, Pilorget C, Lapôtre-Ledoux B, Luce D, Richardson S, Stücker I. Multidimensional analysis of the effect of occupational exposure to organic solvents on lung cancer risk: the ICARE study. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:368-77. [PMID: 26911986 PMCID: PMC4893113 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between lung cancer and occupational exposure to organic solvents is discussed. Since different solvents are often used simultaneously, it is difficult to assess the role of individual substances. OBJECTIVES The present study is focused on an in-depth investigation of the potential association between lung cancer risk and occupational exposure to a large group of organic solvents, taking into account the well-known risk factors for lung cancer, tobacco smoking and occupational exposure to asbestos. METHODS We analysed data from the Investigation of occupational and environmental causes of respiratory cancers (ICARE) study, a large French population-based case-control study, set up between 2001 and 2007. A total of 2276 male cases and 2780 male controls were interviewed, and long-life occupational history was collected. In order to overcome the analytical difficulties created by multiple correlated exposures, we carried out a novel type of analysis based on Bayesian profile regression. RESULTS After analysis with conventional logistic regression methods, none of the 11 solvents examined were associated with lung cancer risk. Through a profile regression approach, we did not observe any significant association between solvent exposure and lung cancer. However, we identified clusters at high risk that are related to occupations known to be at risk of developing lung cancer, such as painters. CONCLUSIONS Organic solvents do not appear to be substantial contributors to the occupational risk of lung cancer for the occupations known to be at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mattei
- Université Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Silvia Liverani
- Department of Mathematics, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florence Guida
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Mireille Matrat
- Université Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine IFR 10, University Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sylvie Cenée
- Université Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Lamiae Azizi
- University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Screening an Evaluation Test Program, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gwenn Menvielle
- Department of social epidemiology, INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Villejuif, France
- Department of social epidemiology, Sorbonne University, UPMC University of Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Sanchez
- Université Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Corinne Pilorget
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Saint-Maurice, France
- Epidemiological research and surveillance unit in transport, occupation and environment, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Lyon, France
| | | | - Danièle Luce
- INSERM, U 1085_IRSET, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvia Richardson
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabelle Stücker
- Université Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
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Papathomas M, Richardson S. Exploring dependence between categorical variables: Benefits and limitations of using variable selection within Bayesian clustering in relation to log-linear modelling with interaction terms. J Stat Plan Inference 2016; 173:47-63. [PMID: 27330244 PMCID: PMC4896165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspi.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript is concerned with relating two approaches that can be used to explore complex dependence structures between categorical variables, namely Bayesian partitioning of the covariate space incorporating a variable selection procedure that highlights the covariates that drive the clustering, and log-linear modelling with interaction terms. We derive theoretical results on this relation and discuss if they can be employed to assist log-linear model determination, demonstrating advantages and limitations with simulated and real data sets. The main advantage concerns sparse contingency tables. Inferences from clustering can potentially reduce the number of covariates considered and, subsequently, the number of competing log-linear models, making the exploration of the model space feasible. Variable selection within clustering can inform on marginal independence in general, thus allowing for a more efficient exploration of the log-linear model space. However, we show that the clustering structure is not informative on the existence of interactions in a consistent manner. This work is of interest to those who utilize log-linear models, as well as practitioners such as epidemiologists that use clustering models to reduce the dimensionality in the data and to reveal interesting patterns on how covariates combine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Papathomas
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, The Observatory, Buchanan Gardens, St Andrews, KY16 9LZ, UK
| | - Sylvia Richardson
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
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Coker E, Liverani S, Ghosh JK, Jerrett M, Beckerman B, Li A, Ritz B, Molitor J. Multi-pollutant exposure profiles associated with term low birth weight in Los Angeles County. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 91:1-13. [PMID: 26891269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that multiple outdoor air pollutants and adverse neighborhood conditions are spatially correlated. Yet health risks associated with concurrent exposure to air pollution mixtures and clustered neighborhood factors remain underexplored. Statistical models to assess the health effects from pollutant mixtures remain limited, due to problems of collinearity between pollutants and area-level covariates, and increases in covariate dimensionality. Here we identify pollutant exposure profiles and neighborhood contextual profiles within Los Angeles (LA) County. We then relate these profiles with term low birth weight (TLBW). We used land use regression to estimate NO2, NO, and PM2.5 concentrations averaged over census block groups to generate pollutant exposure profile clusters and census block group-level contextual profile clusters, using a Bayesian profile regression method. Pollutant profile cluster risk estimation was implemented using a multilevel hierarchical model, adjusting for individual-level covariates, contextual profile cluster random effects, and modeling of spatially structured and unstructured residual error. Our analysis found 13 clusters of pollutant exposure profiles. Correlations between study pollutants varied widely across the 13 pollutant clusters. Pollutant clusters with elevated NO2, NO, and PM2.5 concentrations exhibited increased log odds of TLBW, and those with low PM2.5, NO2, and NO concentrations showed lower log odds of TLBW. The spatial patterning of pollutant cluster effects on TLBW, combined with between-pollutant correlations within pollutant clusters, imply that traffic-related primary pollutants influence pollutant cluster TLBW risks. Furthermore, contextual clusters with the greatest log odds of TLBW had more adverse neighborhood socioeconomic, demographic, and housing conditions. Our data indicate that, while the spatial patterning of high-risk multiple pollutant clusters largely overlaps with adverse contextual neighborhood cluster, both contribute to TLBW while controlling for the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Coker
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | | | - Jo Kay Ghosh
- School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael Jerrett
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Bernardo Beckerman
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Arthur Li
- Department of Information Science, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Beate Ritz
- School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John Molitor
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Liverani S, Lavigne A, Blangiardo M. Modelling collinear and spatially correlated data. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2016; 18:63-73. [PMID: 27494961 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present a statistical approach to distinguish and interpret the complex relationship between several predictors and a response variable at the small area level, in the presence of (i) high correlation between the predictors and (ii) spatial correlation for the response. Covariates which are highly correlated create collinearity problems when used in a standard multiple regression model. Many methods have been proposed in the literature to address this issue. A very common approach is to create an index which aggregates all the highly correlated variables of interest. For example, it is well known that there is a relationship between social deprivation measured through the Multiple Deprivation Index (IMD) and air pollution; this index is then used as a confounder in assessing the effect of air pollution on health outcomes (e.g. respiratory hospital admissions or mortality). However it would be more informative to look specifically at each domain of the IMD and at its relationship with air pollution to better understand its role as a confounder in the epidemiological analyses. In this paper we illustrate how the complex relationships between the domains of IMD and air pollution can be deconstructed and analysed using profile regression, a Bayesian non-parametric model for clustering responses and covariates simultaneously. Moreover, we include an intrinsic spatial conditional autoregressive (ICAR) term to account for the spatial correlation of the response variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Liverani
- Department of Mathematics, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; Medical Research Centre Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, 2 Norfolk Place, London W2 8PG, UK.
| | - Aurore Lavigne
- Université Lille 3, UFR MIME, Domaine universitaire du Pont de Bois, BP 60149 59653 Villeneuve d'ascq Cedex, France.
| | - Marta Blangiardo
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, 2 Norfolk Place, London W2 8PG, UK.
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Pirani M, Best N, Blangiardo M, Liverani S, Atkinson RW, Fuller GW. Analysing the health effects of simultaneous exposure to physical and chemical properties of airborne particles. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 79:56-64. [PMID: 25795926 PMCID: PMC4396698 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airborne particles are a complex mix of organic and inorganic compounds, with a range of physical and chemical properties. Estimation of how simultaneous exposure to air particles affects the risk of adverse health response represents a challenge for scientific research and air quality management. In this paper, we present a Bayesian approach that can tackle this problem within the framework of time series analysis. METHODS We used Dirichlet process mixture models to cluster time points with similar multipollutant and response profiles, while adjusting for seasonal cycles, trends and temporal components. Inference was carried out via Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We illustrated our approach using daily data of a range of particle metrics and respiratory mortality for London (UK) 2002-2005. To better quantify the average health impact of these particles, we measured the same set of metrics in 2012, and we computed and compared the posterior predictive distributions of mortality under the exposure scenario in 2012 vs 2005. RESULTS The model resulted in a partition of the days into three clusters. We found a relative risk of 1.02 (95% credible intervals (CI): 1.00, 1.04) for respiratory mortality associated with days characterised by high posterior estimates of non-primary particles, especially nitrate and sulphate. We found a consistent reduction in the airborne particles in 2012 vs 2005 and the analysis of the posterior predictive distributions of respiratory mortality suggested an average annual decrease of -3.5% (95% CI: -0.12%, -5.74%). CONCLUSIONS We proposed an effective approach that enabled the better understanding of hidden structures in multipollutant health effects within time series analysis. It allowed the identification of exposure metrics associated with respiratory mortality and provided a tool to assess the changes in health effects from various policies to control the ambient particle matter mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pirani
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Division of Analytical and Environmental Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Nicky Best
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 526 Norfolk Place, W2 1PG London, UK.
| | - Marta Blangiardo
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 526 Norfolk Place, W2 1PG London, UK.
| | - Silvia Liverani
- Brunel University, Department of Mathematics, UB8 3PH Uxbridge, London, UK; MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Forvie site, Robinson Way, CB2 0SR Cambridge, UK; Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 526 Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG London, UK.
| | - Richard W Atkinson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, St. George's University of London, Population Health Research Institute, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE London, UK.
| | - Gary W Fuller
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Division of Analytical and Environmental Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
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29
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Liverani S, Hastie DI, Azizi L, Papathomas M, Richardson S. PReMiuM: An R Package for Profile Regression Mixture Models Using Dirichlet Processes. J Stat Softw 2015; 64:1-30. [PMID: 27307779 PMCID: PMC4905523 DOI: 10.18637/jss.v064.i07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PReMiuM is a recently developed R package for Bayesian clustering using a Dirichlet process mixture model. This model is an alternative to regression models, non-parametrically linking a response vector to covariate data through cluster membership (Molitor, Papathomas, Jerrett, and Richardson 2010). The package allows binary, categorical, count and continuous response, as well as continuous and discrete covariates. Additionally, predictions may be made for the response, and missing values for the covariates are handled. Several samplers and label switching moves are implemented along with diagnostic tools to assess convergence. A number of R functions for post-processing of the output are also provided. In addition to fitting mixtures, it may additionally be of interest to determine which covariates actively drive the mixture components. This is implemented in the package as variable selection.
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30
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Slama R, Vrijheid M. Some challenges of studies aiming to relate the Exposome to human health. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:383-4. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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31
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Molitor J, Brown IJ, Chan Q, Papathomas M, Liverani S, Molitor N, Richardson S, Van Horn L, Daviglus ML, Dyer A, Stamler J, Elliott P. Blood pressure differences associated with Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial for Heart Health (OMNIHEART)-like diet compared with a typical American Diet. Hypertension 2014; 64:1198-204. [PMID: 25201893 PMCID: PMC4230995 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-Sodium (DASH-Sodium) trial demonstrated beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP) of the DASH diet with lower sodium intake when compared with typical American diet. The subsequent Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial for Heart Health (OMNIHEART) trial reported additional BP benefits from replacing carbohydrate in the DASH diet with either protein or monounsaturated fats. The primary aim of this study is to assess possible BP benefits of an OMNIHEART-like diet in free-living Americans using cross-sectional US population data of the International Study of Macronutrients, Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) study. The INTERMAP data include four 24-hour dietary recalls, 2 timed 24-hour urine collections, 8 BP readings for 2195 individuals aged 40 to 59 years from 8 US INTERMAP population samples. Analyses are conducted using 2 approaches: (1) regression of BP on a linear OMNIHEART nutrient score calculated for each individual and (2) a Bayesian approach comparing estimated BP levels of an OMNIHEART-like nutrient profile with a typical American nutrient profile. After adjustment for potential confounders, an OMNIHEART score higher by 1 point was associated with systolic/diastolic BP differences of -1.0/-0.5 mm Hg (both P<0.001). Mean systolic/diastolic BPs were 111.3/68.4 and 115.2/70.6 mm Hg for Bayesian OMNIHEART and Control profiles, respectively, after controlling for possible confounders, with BP differences of -3.9/-2.2 mm Hg, P(difference≤0)=0.98/0.96. Findings were comparable for men and women, for nonhypertensive participants, and with adjustment for antihypertensive treatment. Our findings from data on US population samples indicate broad generalizability of OMNIHEART results beyond the trial setting and support recommendations for an OMNIHEART-style diet for prevention/control of population-wide adverse BP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molitor
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.).
| | - Ian J Brown
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.)
| | - Queenie Chan
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.)
| | - Michail Papathomas
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.)
| | - Silvia Liverani
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.)
| | - NuooTing Molitor
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.)
| | - Sylvia Richardson
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.)
| | - Linda Van Horn
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.)
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.)
| | - Alan Dyer
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.)
| | - Jeremiah Stamler
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.)
| | - Paul Elliott
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J.M., I.J.B., Q.C., S.L., N.M., P.E.), MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health (Q.C., P.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis (J.M.); School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom (M.P.); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.L., S.R.); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (L.V.H., M.L.D., A.D., J.S.).
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Vrijheid M, Slama R, Robinson O, Chatzi L, Coen M, van den Hazel P, Thomsen C, Wright J, Athersuch TJ, Avellana N, Basagaña X, Brochot C, Bucchini L, Bustamante M, Carracedo A, Casas M, Estivill X, Fairley L, van Gent D, Gonzalez JR, Granum B, Gražulevičienė R, Gutzkow KB, Julvez J, Keun HC, Kogevinas M, McEachan RRC, Meltzer HM, Sabidó E, Schwarze PE, Siroux V, Sunyer J, Want EJ, Zeman F, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. The human early-life exposome (HELIX): project rationale and design. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:535-44. [PMID: 24610234 PMCID: PMC4048258 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental periods in early life may be particularly vulnerable to impacts of environmental exposures. Human research on this topic has generally focused on single exposure-health effect relationships. The "exposome" concept encompasses the totality of exposures from conception onward, complementing the genome. OBJECTIVES The Human Early-Life Exposome (HELIX) project is a new collaborative research project that aims to implement novel exposure assessment and biomarker methods to characterize early-life exposure to multiple environmental factors and associate these with omics biomarkers and child health outcomes, thus characterizing the "early-life exposome." Here we describe the general design of the project. METHODS In six existing birth cohort studies in Europe, HELIX will estimate prenatal and postnatal exposure to a broad range of chemical and physical exposures. Exposure models will be developed for the full cohorts totaling 32,000 mother-child pairs, and biomarkers will be measured in a subset of 1,200 mother-child pairs. Nested repeat-sampling panel studies (n = 150) will collect data on biomarker variability, use smartphones to assess mobility and physical activity, and perform personal exposure monitoring. Omics techniques will determine molecular profiles (metabolome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome) associated with exposures. Statistical methods for multiple exposures will provide exposure-response estimates for fetal and child growth, obesity, neurodevelopment, and respiratory outcomes. A health impact assessment exercise will evaluate risks and benefits of combined exposures. CONCLUSIONS HELIX is one of the first attempts to describe the early-life exposome of European populations and unravel its relation to omics markers and health in childhood. As proof of concept, it will form an important first step toward the life-course exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Vrijheid
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
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Hastie DI, Liverani S, Richardson S. Sampling from Dirichlet process mixture models with unknown concentration parameter: mixing issues in large data implementations. STATISTICS AND COMPUTING 2014; 25:1023-1037. [PMID: 26321800 PMCID: PMC4550296 DOI: 10.1007/s11222-014-9471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We consider the question of Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling from a general stick-breaking Dirichlet process mixture model, with concentration parameter [Formula: see text]. This paper introduces a Gibbs sampling algorithm that combines the slice sampling approach of Walker (Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 36:45-54, 2007) and the retrospective sampling approach of Papaspiliopoulos and Roberts (Biometrika 95(1):169-186, 2008). Our general algorithm is implemented as efficient open source C++ software, available as an R package, and is based on a blocking strategy similar to that suggested by Papaspiliopoulos (A note on posterior sampling from Dirichlet mixture models, 2008) and implemented by Yau et al. (Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Statistical Methodology) 73:37-57, 2011). We discuss the difficulties of achieving good mixing in MCMC samplers of this nature in large data sets and investigate sensitivity to initialisation. We additionally consider the challenges when an additional layer of hierarchy is added such that joint inference is to be made on [Formula: see text]. We introduce a new label-switching move and compute the marginal partition posterior to help to surmount these difficulties. Our work is illustrated using a profile regression (Molitor et al. Biostatistics 11(3):484-498, 2010) application, where we demonstrate good mixing behaviour for both synthetic and real examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Liverani
- Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK
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Navarro Silvera SA, Mayne ST, Gammon MD, Vaughan TL, Chow WH, Dubin JA, Dubrow R, Stanford JL, West AB, Rotterdam H, Blot WJ, Risch HA. Diet and lifestyle factors and risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancers: classification tree analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24:50-7. [PMID: 24239095 PMCID: PMC4006990 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus (EA), gastric cardia (GC), and other (noncardia) gastric (OG) sites have been identified, little is known about interactions among risk factors. We sought to examine interactions of diet, other lifestyle, and medical factors with risks of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancers. METHODS We used classification tree analysis to analyze data from a population-based case-control study (1095 cases, 687 controls) conducted in Connecticut, New Jersey, and western Washington State. RESULTS Frequency of reported gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms was the most important risk stratification factor for EA, GC, and OG, with dietary factors (EA, OG), smoking (EA, GC), wine intake (GC, OG), age (OG), and income (OG) appearing to modify the risk of these cancer sites. For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, smoking was the most important risk stratification factor, with gastroesophageal reflux disease, income, race, noncitrus fruit, and energy intakes further modifying risk. CONCLUSION Various combinations of risk factors appear to interact to affect risk of each cancer subtype. Replication of these data mining analyses are required before suggesting causal pathways; however, the classification tree results are useful in partitioning risk and mapping multilevel interactions among risk variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan T Mayne
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 WA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98109 WA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Joel A Dubin
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Dubrow
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 WA
| | - A Brian West
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | | | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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Hastie DI, Liverani S, Azizi L, Richardson S, Stücker I. A semi-parametric approach to estimate risk functions associated with multi-dimensional exposure profiles: application to smoking and lung cancer. BMC Med Res Methodol 2013; 13:129. [PMID: 24152389 PMCID: PMC3827926 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-13-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common characteristic of environmental epidemiology is the multi-dimensional aspect of exposure patterns, frequently reduced to a cumulative exposure for simplicity of analysis. By adopting a flexible Bayesian clustering approach, we explore the risk function linking exposure history to disease. This approach is applied here to study the relationship between different smoking characteristics and lung cancer in the framework of a population based case control study. METHODS Our study includes 4658 males (1995 cases, 2663 controls) with full smoking history (intensity, duration, time since cessation, pack-years) from the ICARE multi-centre study conducted from 2001-2007. We extend Bayesian clustering techniques to explore predictive risk surfaces for covariate profiles of interest. RESULTS We were able to partition the population into 12 clusters with different smoking profiles and lung cancer risk. Our results confirm that when compared to intensity, duration is the predominant driver of risk. On the other hand, using pack-years of cigarette smoking as a single summary leads to a considerable loss of information. CONCLUSIONS Our method estimates a disease risk associated to a specific exposure profile by robustly accounting for the different dimensions of exposure and will be helpful in general to give further insight into the effect of exposures that are accumulated through different time patterns.
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Papathomas M, Molitor J, Hoggart C, Hastie D, Richardson S. Exploring data from genetic association studies using Bayesian variable selection and the Dirichlet process: application to searching for gene × gene patterns. Genet Epidemiol 2012; 36:663-74. [PMID: 22851500 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We construct data exploration tools for recognizing important covariate patterns associated with a phenotype, with particular focus on searching for association with gene-gene patterns. To this end, we propose a new variable selection procedure that employs latent selection weights and compare it to an alternative formulation. The selection procedures are implemented in tandem with a Dirichlet process mixture model for the flexible clustering of genetic and epidemiological profiles. We illustrate our approach with the aid of simulated data and the analysis of a real data set from a genome-wide association study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Papathomas
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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de Vocht F, Cherry N, Wakefield J. A Bayesian mixture modeling approach for assessing the effects of correlated exposures in case-control studies. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2012; 22:352-60. [PMID: 22588215 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Predisposition to a disease is usually caused by cumulative effects of a multitude of exposures and lifestyle factors in combination with individual susceptibility. Failure to include all relevant variables may result in biased risk estimates and decreased power, whereas inclusion of all variables may lead to computational difficulties, especially when variables are correlated. We describe a Bayesian Mixture Model (BMM) incorporating a variable-selection prior and compared its performance with logistic multiple regression model (LM) in simulated case-control data with up to twenty exposures with varying prevalences and correlations. In addition, as a practical example we re analyzed data on male infertility and occupational exposures (Chaps-UK). BMM mean-squared errors (MSE) were smaller than of the LM, and were independent of the number of model parameters. BMM type I errors were minimal (≤1), whereas for the LM this increased with the number of parameters and correlation between exposures. The numbers of type II errors were comparable. Re analysis of Chaps-UK data demonstrated more convincingly than by using a LM that occupational exposure to glycol ethers and VOCs are likely risk factors for male infertility. This BMM proves an appealing alternative to standard logistic regression when dealing with the analysis of (correlated) exposures in case-control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank de Vocht
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Community Based Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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