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Bottenhorn KL, Sukumaran K, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Habre R, Schwartz J, Chen JC, Herting MM. Air pollution from biomass burning disrupts early adolescent cortical microarchitecture development. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108769. [PMID: 38823157 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to outdoor particulate matter (PM2.5) represents a ubiquitous threat to human health, and particularly the neurotoxic effects of PM2.5 from multiple sources may disrupt neurodevelopment. Studies addressing neurodevelopmental implications of PM exposure have been limited by small, geographically limited samples and largely focus either on macroscale cortical morphology or postmortem histological staining and total PM mass. Here, we leverage residentially assigned exposure to six, data-driven sources of PM2.5 and neuroimaging data from the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study®), collected from 21 different recruitment sites across the United States. To contribute an interpretable and actionable assessment of the role of air pollution in the developing brain, we identified alterations in cortical microstructure development associated with exposure to specific sources of PM2.5 using multivariate, partial least squares analyses. Specifically, average annual exposure (i.e., at ages 8-10 years) to PM2.5 from biomass burning was related to differences in neurite development across the cortex between 9 and 13 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Bottenhorn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Kirthana Sukumaran
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Bottenhorn KL, Sukumaran K, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Habre R, Schwartz J, Chen JC, Herting MM. Air pollution from biomass burning disrupts early adolescent cortical microarchitecture development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.21.563430. [PMID: 38798573 PMCID: PMC11118378 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.21.563430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to outdoor particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) represents a ubiquitous threat to human health, and particularly the neurotoxic effects of PM 2.5 from multiple sources may disrupt neurodevelopment. Studies addressing neurodevelopmental implications of PM exposure have been limited by small, geographically limited samples and largely focus either on macroscale cortical morphology or postmortem histological staining and total PM mass. Here, we leverage residentially assigned exposure to six, data-driven sources of PM 2.5 and neuroimaging data from the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study®), collected from 21 different recruitment sites across the United States. To contribute an interpretable and actionable assessment of the role of air pollution in the developing brain, we identified alterations in cortical microstructure development associated with exposure to specific sources of PM 2.5 using multivariate, partial least squares analyses. Specifically, average annual exposure (i.e., at ages 8-10 years) to PM 2.5 from biomass burning was related to differences in neurite development across the cortex between 9 and 13 years of age.
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Jiang N, Lv Z, Zhang R, Zhu R, Qu G. Characteristics, source analysis, and health risk of PM 2.5 in the urban tunnel environment associated with E10 petrol usage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33194-0. [PMID: 38607489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The increase in the number of motor vehicles has intensified the impact of traffic sources on air quality. Our aim was to illustrate the characteristics of PM2.5 emissions from vehicles fueled with E10 (a blend of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline). A 21-day PM2.5 sampling in a fully enclosed urban tunnel and the component analysis were completed, and the characteristics, sources, and health risks of tunnel PM2.5 were studied. Moreover, the PM2.5 pH and its sensitivity were investigated by the thermodynamic model (ISORROPIA-II). In addition, exposure models were used to assess the health risks of different heavy metals in PM2.5 to humans through respiratory pathways. The two-point Cu/Sb ratio (entrance: 4.0 ± 1.4; exit: 4.4 ± 1.7) was close to the diagnostic criteria indicating a significant impact from brake wear. NO3-, NH4+, and SO42- constituted the main components of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 of the tunnel, accounting for 83.0-84.6% of the total concentration of inorganic ions. The organic carbon/elemental carbon ratio of the tunnel was greater than 2, indicating that the contribution of gasoline vehicle exhaust was significant. The average emission factors of PM2.5 in the fleet was 31.4 ± 16.6 mg/(veh·km). The pH value of PM2.5 in a tunnel environment (4.6 ± 0.3) was more acidic than that in an urban environment (4.9 ± 0.6). The main sensitive factors of PM2.5 pH in the urban atmosphere and tunnel environment were total ammonia (sum of gas and aerosol, NH3) and temperature, respectively. The results of the health risk assessment showed that Pb posed a potential carcinogenic risk, while As and Cd presented unacceptable risks for tunnel workers. The non-carcinogenic risk index of heavy metals of PM2.5 in the tunnel environment exceeded the safety threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Zhongtian High-Tech Smart Technology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhengqing Lv
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Rencheng Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Guanghui Qu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Zhao S, Li H, Yang F, Yang Y, Zeng Y, An Z, Li J, Wu H, Song J, Wu W. Association of short-term PM 2.5 exposure with airway innate immune response, microbiota and metabolism alterations in human airways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123435. [PMID: 38295929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with impaired airway innate immunity, leading to diverse lung disorders. However, the mechanisms of the adverse effects of PM2.5 on the airway innate immune system has not been adequately elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and airway innate immune responses. A panel study of 53 undergraduate students was conducted in November 2020 and April 2021. Levels of airway innate immune biomarkers including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in induced sputum were measured, and airway microbiota and metabolites examined. Linear mixed-effect model was used to evaluate the effects of short-term exposure to PM2.5 on the above-listed airway immune biomarkers. The results indicated that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration (at lag3), was associated with an increase of 21.3 % (5.4 %-37.1 %), 26.2 % (0.30 %-52.1 %), 22.4 % (0.70 %-44.2 %), 27.4 % (6.6 %-48.3 %), 18.3 % (4.6 %-31.9 %), 3.9 % (0.20 %-7.6 %) or 2.4 % (0.10 %-4.7 %) in IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γ, MPO, or MMP-9 levels, respectively. Meanwhile, exposure to higher levels of ambient PM2.5 was found to significantly modulate airway microbiota and metabolite profile. Specifically, Prevotella and Fusobacterium, as well as 96 different metabolites were associated with PM2.5 levels. The metabolic pathways associated with these metabolites mainly included amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Notably, PM2.5 exposure-induced alterations of some airway microbiota were significantly correlated with specific airway metabolic change. Taken together, these results demonstrated that short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with alterations of airway immune response, microbial dysbiosis and changes of metabolites. This study provided insights into the mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced airway innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Zhao
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Fuyun Yang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Yishu Yang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Yuling Zeng
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Zhen An
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Juan Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China.
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Lai Z, Zhang J, Ran S, Zheng D, Feng J, Wu G, Cai M, Lin H. Ambient fine particulate matter chemical composition associated with in-hospital case fatality, hospital expenses, and length of hospital stay among patients with heart failure in China. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04032. [PMID: 38299774 PMCID: PMC10832573 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
*Joint senior authorship. BACKGROUND Previous studies have observed the adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) on heart failure (HF). However, evidence regarding the impacts of specific PM2.5 components remains scarce. METHODS We included 58 129 patients hospitalised for HF between 2013 and 2017 in 11 cities of Shanxi, China from inpatient discharge database. We evaluated exposure to PM2.5 and its components ((sulphate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), organic matter (OM) and black carbon (BC)), along with meteorological factors using bilinear interpolation at each patients' residential address. We used multivariable logistic and linear regression models to assess the associations of these components with in-hospital case fatality, hospital expenses, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS Increase equivalents to the interquartile range (IQR) in OM (odds ratio (OR) = 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02, 1.26) and BC (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.26) were linked to in-hospital case fatality. Per IQR increments in PM2.5, SO42-, NO3-, OM, and BC were associated with cost increases of 420.62 (95% CI = 285.75, 555.49), 221.83 (95% CI = 96.95, 346.71), 214.93 (95% CI = 68.66, 361.21), 300.06 (95% CI = 176.96, 423.16), and 303.09 (95% CI = 180.76, 425.42) CNY. Increases of 1 IQR in PM2.5, SO42-, OM, and BC were associated with increases in length of hospital stay of 0.10 (95% CI = 0.02, 0.19), 0.09 (95% CI = 0.02, 0.17), 0.10 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.17), and 0.16 (95% CI = 0.08, 0.23) days. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ambient SO42-, OM, and BC might be significant risk factors for HF, emphasising the importance of formulating customised guidelines for the chemical constituents of PM and controlling the emissions of the most dangerous components.
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Hu J, Yu L, Yang Z, Qiu J, Li J, Shen P, Lin H, Shui L, Tang M, Jin M, Chen K, Wang J. Long-Term Exposure to PM 2.5 and Mortality: A Cohort Study in China. TOXICS 2023; 11:727. [PMID: 37755738 PMCID: PMC10534778 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association of long-term exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 with non-accidental and cause-specific mortality in Yinzhou, China. From July 2015 to January 2018, a total of 29,564 individuals aged ≥ 40 years in Yinzhou were recruited for a prospective cohort study. We used the Cox proportional-hazards model to analyze the relationship of the 2-year average concentration of PM2.5 prior to the baseline with non-accidental and cause-specific mortality. The median PM2.5 concentration was 36.51 μg/m3 (range: 25.57-45.40 μg/m3). In model 4, the hazard ratios per 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 were 1.25 (95%CI: 1.04-1.50) for non-accidental mortality and 1.38 (95%CI:1.02-1.86) for cardiovascular disease mortality. We observed no associations between PM2.5 and deaths from respiratory disease or cancer. In the subgroup analysis, interactions were observed between PM2.5 and age, as well as preventive measures on hazy days. The observed association between long-term exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 at a relatively moderate concentration and the risk of non-accidental and cardiovascular disease mortality among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults could provide evidence for government decision-makers to revise environmental policies towards a more stringent standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Hu
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology of the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Luhua Yu
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology of the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zongming Yang
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology of the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology of the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Hongbo Lin
- Department of Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Liming Shui
- Yinzhou District Health Bureau of Ningbo, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- Department of Public Health, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingjuan Jin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology of the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Moradi M, Behnoush AH, Abbasi‐Kangevari M, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Soleimani Z, Esfahani Z, Naderian M, Malekpour M, Rezaei N, Keykhaei M, Khanmohammadi S, Tavolinejad H, Rezaei N, Larijani B, Farzadfar F. Particulate Matter Pollution Remains a Threat for Cardiovascular Health: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2019. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029375. [PMID: 37555373 PMCID: PMC10492946 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, causing substantial disease burden and deaths worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the global burden of cardiovascular diseases attributed to PM from 1990 to 2019. Methods and Results We used the GBD (Global Burden of Disease) study 2019 to investigate disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and deaths attributed to PM as well as its subgroups. It was shown that all burden measures' age-standardized rates for PM were in the same decreasing trend, with the highest decline recorded for deaths (-36.7%). However, the all-age DALYs increased by 31%, reaching 8.9 million in 2019, to which YLLs contributed the most (8.2 million [95% uncertainty interval, 7.3 million-9.2 million]). Men had higher deaths, DALYs, and YLLs despite lower years lived with disability in 2019 compared with women. There was an 8.1% increase in the age-standardized rate of DALYs for ambient PM; however, household air pollution from solid fuels decreased by 65.4% in the assessed period. Although higher in men, the low and high sociodemographic index regions had the highest and lowest attributed YLLs/YLDs ratio for PM pollution in 2019, respectively. Conclusions Although the total age-standardized rate of DALYs for PM-attributed cardiovascular diseases diminished from 1990 to 2019, the global burden of PM on cardiovascular diseases has increased. The differences between men and women and between regions have clinical and policy implications in global health planning toward more exact funding and resource allocation, in addition to addressing inequity in health care access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moradi
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- National Elites FoundationTehranIran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Kiel Institute for the World EconomyKielGermany
| | - Zahra Soleimani
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zahra Esfahani
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammadreza Naderian
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMN
- Tehran Heart CenterCardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad‐Reza Malekpour
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Keykhaei
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamed Tavolinejad
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Swetschinski L, Fong KC, Morello-Frosch R, Marshall JD, Bell ML. Exposures to ambient particulate matter are associated with reduced adult earnings potential. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116391. [PMID: 37308068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The societal costs of air pollution have historically been measured in terms of premature deaths (including the corresponding values of statistical lives lost), disability-adjusted life years, and medical costs. Emerging research, however, demonstrated potential impacts of air pollution on human capital formation. Extended contact with pollutants such as airborne particulate matter among young persons whose biological systems are still developing can result in pulmonary, neurobehavioral, and birth complications, hindering academic performance as well as skills and knowledge acquisition. Using a dataset that tracks 2014-2015 incomes for 96.2% of Americans born between 1979 and 1983, we assessed the association between childhood exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and adult earnings outcomes across U.S. Census tracts. After accounting for pertinent economic covariates and regional random effects, our regression models indicate that early-life exposure to PM2.5 is associated with lower predicted income percentiles by mid-adulthood; all else equal, children raised in high pollution tracts (at the 75th percentile of PM2.5) are estimated to have approximately a 0.51 decrease in income percentile relative to children raised in low pollution tracts (at the 25th percentile of PM2.5). For a person earning the median income, this difference corresponds to a $436 lower annual income (in 2015 USD). We estimate that 2014-2015 earnings for the 1978-1983 birth cohort would have been ∼$7.18 billion higher had their childhood exposure met U.S. air quality standards for PM2.5. Stratified models show that the relationship between PM2.5 and diminished earnings is more pronounced for low-income children and for children living in rural environments. These findings raise concerns about long-term environmental and economic justice for children living in areas with poor air quality where air pollution could act as a barrier to intergenerational class equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Swetschinski
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Kelvin C Fong
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Julian D Marshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michelle L Bell
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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Fu J, Fei F, Wang S, Zhao Q, Yang X, Zhong J, Hu K. Short-term effects of fine particulate matter constituents on mortality considering the mortality displacement in Zhejiang province, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131723. [PMID: 37257377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence linking mortality and short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents was sparse. The mortality displacement was often unconsidered and may induce incorrect risk estimation. OBJECTIVES To assess the short-term effects of PM2.5 constituents on all-cause mortality considering the mortality displacement. METHODS Daily data on all-cause mortality and PM2.5 constituents, including sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), organic matters (OM), and black carbon (BC), were collected from 2009 to 2020. The mortality effect of PM2.5 and its constituents was estimated using a distributed lag non-linear model. Stratified analyses were performed by age, sex, and season. RESULTS Per interquartile range increases in SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, OM, and BC were associated with the 1.42% (95%CI: 0.98, 1.87), 3.76% (3.34, 4.16), 2.26% (1.70, 2.83), 2.36% (2.02, 2.70), and 1.26% (0.91, 1.61) increases in all-cause mortality, respectively. Mortality displacements were observed for PM2.5, SO42-, NH4+, OM, and BC, with their overall effects lasting for 7-15 days. Stratified analyses revealed a higher risk for old adults (>65 years) and females, with stronger effects in the cold season. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposures to PM2.5 constituents were positively associated with increased risks of mortality. The mortality displacement should be considered in future epidemiological studies on PM constituents. DATA AVAILABILITY Data will be made available on request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiao Fu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310015, China; Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangrong Fei
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xuchao Yang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China.
| | - Jieming Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Kejia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310015, China; Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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So R, Chen J, Stafoggia M, de Hoogh K, Katsouyanni K, Vienneau D, Samoli E, Rodopoulou S, Loft S, Lim YH, Westendorp RGJ, Amini H, Cole-Hunter T, Bergmann M, Shahri SMT, Zhang J, Maric M, Mortensen LH, Bauwelinck M, Klompmaker JO, Atkinson RW, Janssen NAH, Oftedal B, Renzi M, Forastiere F, Strak M, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Andersen ZJ. Long-term exposure to elemental components of fine particulate matter and all-natural and cause-specific mortality in a Danish nationwide administrative cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115552. [PMID: 36822536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a well-recognized risk factor for premature death. However, evidence on which PM2.5 components are most relevant is unclear. METHODS We evaluated the associations between mortality and long-term exposure to eight PM2.5 elemental components [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silicon (Si), and potassium (K)]. Studied outcomes included death from diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), dementia, and psychiatric disorders as well as all-natural causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases (RD), and lung cancer. We followed all residents in Denmark (aged ≥30 years) from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2017. We used European-wide land-use regression models at a 100 × 100 m scale to estimate the residential annual mean levels of exposure to PM2.5 components. The models were developed with supervised linear regression (SLR) and random forest (RF). The associations were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for individual- and area-level socioeconomic factors and total PM2.5 mass. RESULTS Of 3,081,244 individuals, we observed 803,373 death from natural causes during follow-up. We found significant positive associations between all-natural mortality with Si and K from both exposure modeling approaches (hazard ratios; 95% confidence intervals per interquartile range increase): SLR-Si (1.04; 1.03-1.05), RF-Si (1.01; 1.00-1.02), SLR-K (1.03; 1.02-1.04), and RF-K (1.06; 1.05-1.07). Strong associations of K and Si were detected with most causes of mortality except CKD and K, and diabetes and Si (the strongest associations for psychiatric disorders mortality). In addition, Fe was relevant for mortality from RD, lung cancer, CKD, and psychiatric disorders; Zn with mortality from CKD, RD, and lung cancer, and; Ni and V with lung cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS We present novel results of the relevance of different PM2.5 components for different causes of death, with K and Si seeming to be most consistently associated with mortality in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heresh Amini
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bergmann
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matija Maric
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Denmark Statistics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariska Bauwelinck
- Interface Demography - Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jochem O Klompmaker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard W Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicole A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bente Oftedal
- Department of air quality and noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Science Policy & Epidemiology Environmental Research Group King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maciek Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Commodore S, Christopher S, Wolf B, Svendsen E. Assessment of trace elements directly from archived total suspended particulate filters by laser ablation ICP-MS: A case study of South Carolina. JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS AND MINERALS 2023; 3:100041. [PMID: 36776477 PMCID: PMC9912379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemin.2022.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to particulate air pollution is one of the greatest environmental risk factors for adverse human health outcomes. However, the constituents that may be responsible for such adverse health effects have not been fully studied. Methods Total suspended particulates filters collected every 6 days in 2011 from three South Carolina locations were used in this case study. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer interfaced with a laser ablation system (LA-ICP-MS) was used to directly analyze 41 inorganic elemental species on air pollution filters. Then, machine learning and multivariate statistical methods was employed to identify combinatorial patterns in the data and classify sites based on their elemental composition. Results Forty-one elements were assessed and 33 were used in subsequent analysis. Correlations between United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)'s chemical analysis dataset and data from the current study revealed significant associations between 7/15 elements with enough variation for comparison (r between 0.28 to 0.66, p<0.05). Subsequent multivariate analyses revealed four distinct patterns in the distribution of elements by sample location throughout the year. Conclusion The different airborne elements may need to be assessed to understand combinations of elements which occur together over space and/or time. Such information can be helpful in planning effective counter measures and strategies to control particulate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Commodore
- Indiana University, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Bloomington, IN, United States,Corresponding author. (S. Commodore)
| | - Steven Christopher
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Bethany Wolf
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Public Health Sciences, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Erik Svendsen
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Public Health Sciences, Charleston, SC, United States
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12
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Motairek I, Ajluni S, Khraishah H, AlAhmad B, Al-Dulaimi S, Abi Khalil C, Rajagopalan S, Al-Kindi S. Burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to particulate matter pollution in the eastern Mediterranean region: analysis of the 1990-2019 global burden of disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:256-263. [PMID: 36321426 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Particulate matter pollution is the most important environmental mediator of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Air pollution evidence from the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is limited, owing to scarce local studies, and the omission from multinational studies. We sought to investigate trends of particulate matter (PM2.5)-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in the EMR from 1990 to 2019. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the 1990-2019 global burden of disease methodology to investigate total PM2.5, ambient PM2.5, and household PM2.5-related CVD deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and cause-specific CVD mortality in the EMR. The average annual population-weighted PM2.5 exposure in EMR region was 50.3 μg/m3 [95% confidence interval (CI):42.7-59.0] in 2019, which was comparable with 199 048.1 μg/m3 (95% CI: 36.5-65.3). This was despite an 80% reduction in household air pollution (HAP) sources since 1990. In 2019, particulate matter pollution contributed to 25.67% (95% CI: 23.55-27.90%) of total CVD deaths and 28.10% (95% CI: 25.75-30.37%) of DALYs in the region, most of which were due to ischaemic heart disease and stroke. We estimated that 353 071 (95% CI: 304 299-404 591) CVD deaths in EMR were attributable to particulate matter in 2019, including 264 877 (95% CI: 218 472-314 057) and 88 194.07 (95% CI: 60 149-119 949) CVD deaths from ambient PM2.5 pollution and HAP from solid fuels, respectively. DALY's in 2019 from CVD attributable to particulate matter was 28.1% when compared with 26.69% in 1990. The age-standardized death and DALY rates attributable to air pollution was 2122 per 100 000 in EMR in 2019 and was higher in males (2340 per 100 000) than in females (1882 per 100 000). CONCLUSION The EMR region experiences high PM2.5 levels with high regional heterogeneity and attributable burden of CVD due to air pollution. Despite significant reductions of overall HAP in the past 3 decades, there is continued HAP exposure in this region with rising trend in CVD mortality and DALYs attributable to ambient sources. Given the substantial contrast in disease burden, exposures, socio-economic and geo-political constraints in the EMR region, our analysis suggests substantial opportunities for PM2.5 attributable CVD burden mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Motairek
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Steven Ajluni
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Haitham Khraishah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Barrak AlAhmad
- Department of Environmental Health Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sarah Al-Dulaimi
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charbel Abi Khalil
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qata, Qatar Foundation - Education City, P.O. Box 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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13
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Weichenthal S, Ripley S, Korsiak J. Fine Particulate Air Pollution and the "No-Multiple-Versions-of-Treatment" Assumption: Does Particle Composition Matter for Causal Inference? Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:147-153. [PMID: 36331277 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we discuss possible violations of the "no-multiple-versions-of-treatment" assumption in studies of outdoor fine particulate air pollution (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5)) owing to differences in particle composition, which in turn influence health. This assumption is part of the potential outcomes framework for causal inference, and it is needed for well-defined potential outcomes, as multiple versions of the same treatment could lead to different health risks for the same level of treatment. Since 2 locations can have the same outdoor PM2.5 mass concentration (i.e., treatment) but different chemical compositions (i.e., versions of treatment), violations of the "no-multiple-versions-of-treatment" assumption seem likely. Importantly, violations of this assumption will not bias health risk estimates for PM2.5 mass concentrations if there are no unmeasured confounders of the "version of treatment"-outcome relationship. However, confounding can occur if these factors are not identified and controlled for in the analysis. We describe situations in which this may occur and provide simulations to estimate the magnitude and direction of this possible bias. In general, violations of the "no-multiple-versions-of-treatment" assumption could be an underappreciated source of bias in studies of outdoor PM2.5. Analysis of the health impacts of outdoor PM2.5 mass concentrations across spatial domains with similar composition could help to address this issue.
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Rahman MM, Carter SA, Lin JC, Chow T, Yu X, Martinez MP, Chen Z, Chen JC, Rud D, Lewinger JP, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Eckel SP, Schwartz J, Lurmann F, Kleeman MJ, McConnell R, Xiang AH. Associations of Autism Spectrum Disorder with PM 2.5 Components: A Comparative Study Using Two Different Exposure Models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:405-414. [PMID: 36548990 PMCID: PMC10898516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study examined associations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with prenatal exposure to major fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components estimated using two independent exposure models. The cohort included 318 750 mother-child pairs with singleton deliveries in Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospitals from 2001 to 2014 and followed until age five. ASD cases during follow-up (N = 4559) were identified by ICD codes. Prenatal exposures to PM2.5, elemental (EC) and black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrate (NO3-), and sulfate (SO42-) were constructed using (i) a source-oriented chemical transport model and (ii) a hybrid model. Exposures were assigned to each maternal address during the entire pregnancy, first, second, and third trimester. In single-pollutant models, ASD was associated with pregnancy-average PM2.5, EC/BC, OM, and SO42- exposures from both exposure models, after adjustment for covariates. The direction of effect estimates was consistent for EC/BC and OM and least consistent for NO3-. EC/BC, OM, and SO42- were generally robust to adjustment for other components and for PM2.5. EC/BC and OM effect estimates were generally larger and more consistent in the first and second trimester and SO42- in the third trimester. Future PM2.5 composition health effect studies might consider using multiple exposure models and a weight of evidence approach when interpreting effect estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Sarah A Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Jane C Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Daniel Rud
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Juan P Lewinger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sandrah Proctor Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California 94954, United States
| | - Michael J Kleeman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
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15
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Raaschou-Nielsen O, Antonsen S, Agerbo E, Hvidtfeldt UA, Geels C, Frohn LM, Christensen JH, Sigsgaard T, Brandt J, Pedersen CB. PM 2.5 air pollution components and mortality in Denmark. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107685. [PMID: 36502699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) causes millions of deaths every year worldwide. Identification of the most harmful types of PM2.5 would facilitate efficient prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate associations between components of PM2.5 and mortality in a nation-wide Danish population. METHODS Our study base was Danes born 1921-1985 and aged 30-85 years, who were followed up for mortality from 1991 to 2015. We included 678,465 natural cause mortality cases and selected five age, sex and calendar time matched controls to each case from the study base. We retrieved the address history of the study population from Danish registries and assessed five-year average concentrations of eight PM2.5 components using deterministic Chemistry-Transport Models air pollution models. We estimated mortality rate ratios (MRRs) by conditional logistic regression and adjusted for socio-demographical factors at individual and neighborhood level. RESULTS Single pollutant models showed the strongest associations between natural cause mortality and an interquartile increase in sulfate particles (SO4--) (MRR: 1.123; 95 % CI: 1.100-1.147 per 1.5 µg/m3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (MRR: 1.054; 95 % CI: 1.048-1.061 per 0.050 µg/m3). Two-pollutant models showed robust associations between SO4-- and SOA and natural cause mortality. Elemental carbon and mineral dust showed robust associations with higher respiratory and lung cancer mortality. CONCLUSION This nation-wide study found robust associations between natural cause mortality and SO4-- particles and SOA, which is in line with the results of previous studies. Elemental carbon and mineral dust showed robust associations with higher respiratory and lung cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Sussie Antonsen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus BSS, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus BSS, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Ulla A Hvidtfeldt
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lise M Frohn
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Christensen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Carsten B Pedersen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus BSS, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
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16
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Zhou P, Hu J, Yu C, Bao J, Luo S, Shi Z, Yuan Y, Mo S, Yin Z, Zhang Y. Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter constituents and mortality: case-crossover evidence from 32 counties in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2527-2538. [PMID: 35713841 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies associated increased mortality with exposures to specific fine particulate (PM2.5) constituents, while great heterogeneity exists between locations. In China, evidence linking PM2.5 constituents and mortality was extensively sparse. This study primarily aimed to quantify short-term associations between PM2.5 constituents and non-accidental mortality among the Chinese population. We collected daily mortality records from 32 counties in China between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013. Daily concentrations of main PM2.5 constituents (organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and ammonium (NH4+)) were estimated using the modified Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression models was adopted to estimate mortality risks associated with short-term exposures to PM2.5 mass and its constituents. Stratification analyses were done by sex, age, and season. A total of 116,959 non-accidental deaths were investigated. PM2.5 concentrations on the day of death were averaged at 75.7 µg m-3 (control day: 75.6 µg m-3), with an interquartile range (IQR) of 65.2 µg m-3. Per IQR rise in PM2.5, EC, OC, NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+ at lag-04 day was associated with an increase in non-accidental mortality of 2.4% (95% confidence interval, (1.0-3.7), 1.7% (0.8-2.7), 2.9% (1.6-4.3), 2.1% (0.4-3.9), 1.0% (0.2-1.9), and 1.6% (0.3-2.9), respectively. Both PM2.5 mass and its constituents were strongly associated with elevated cardiovascular mortality risks, but only PM2.5, EC, and OC were positively associated with respiratory mortality at lag-3 day. PM2.5 mass and its constituents associated effects on mortality varied among sex- and age-specific subpopulations. Differences in the seasonal pattern of associations exist among PM2.5 constituents, with stronger effects related to EC and NO3- in warm months but SO42- and NH4+ in cold months. Short-term exposures to PM2.5 compositions were positively associated with increased risks of mortality, particularly those constituents from combustion-related sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Junzhe Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Siqi Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shaocai Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhouxin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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17
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Jin T, Amini H, Kosheleva A, Danesh Yazdi M, Wei Y, Castro E, Di Q, Shi L, Schwartz J. Associations between long-term exposures to airborne PM 2.5 components and mortality in Massachusetts: mixture analysis exploration. Environ Health 2022; 21:96. [PMID: 36221093 PMCID: PMC9552465 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have documented PM2.5's links with adverse health outcomes. Comparatively fewer studies have evaluated specific PM2.5 components. The lack of exposure measurements and high correlation among different PM2.5 components are two limitations. METHODS We applied a novel exposure prediction model to obtain annual Census tract-level concentrations of 15 PM2.5 components (Zn, V, Si, Pb, Ni, K, Fe, Cu, Ca, Br, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, OC, EC) in Massachusetts from 2000 to 2015, to which we matched geocoded deaths. All non-accidental mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and respiratory mortality were examined for the population aged 18 or over. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were used to examine the cumulative associations between PM2.5 components mixture and outcomes and each component's contributions to the cumulative associations. We have fit WQS models on 15 PM2.5 components and a priori identified source groups (heavy fuel oil combustion, biomass burning, crustal matter, non-tailpipe traffic source, tailpipe traffic source, secondary particles from power plants, secondary particles from agriculture, unclear source) for the 15 PM2.5 components. Total PM2.5 mass analysis and single component associations were also conducted through quasi-Poisson regression models. RESULTS Positive cumulative associations between the components mixture and all three outcomes were observed from the WQS models. Components with large contribution to the cumulative associations included K, OC, and Fe. Biomass burning, traffic emissions, and secondary particles from power plants were identified as important source contributing to the cumulative associations. Mortality rate ratios for cardiovascular mortality were of greater magnitude than all non-accidental mortality and respiratory mortality, which is also observed in cumulative associations estimated from WQS, total PM2.5 mass analysis, and single component associations. CONCLUSION We have found positive associations between the mixture of 15 PM2.5 components and all non-accidental mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and respiratory mortality. Among these components, Fe, K, and OC have been identified as having important contribution to the cumulative associations. The WQS results also suggests potential source effects from biomass burning, traffic emissions, and secondary particles from power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfan Jin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Heresh Amini
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Kosheleva
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi
- Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaguang Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edgar Castro
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Xu X, Tao S, Huang L, Du J, Liu C, Jiang Y, Jiang T, Lv H, Lu Q, Meng Q, Wang X, Qin R, Liu C, Ma H, Jin G, Xia Y, Kan H, Lin Y, Shen R, Hu Z. Maternal PM 2.5 exposure during gestation and offspring neurodevelopment: Findings from a prospective birth cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156778. [PMID: 35724775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data have suggested the potential role of prenatal PM2.5 exposure as a neurotoxin for offspring. However, the existing results are equivocal, and no study has examined the effects of complex chemical constituents of the particular matter on offspring neurodevelopment. Therefore, in a prospective birth cohort study conducted in Jiangsu, China, we aimed to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and the neurodevelopment in infants, and further assess the effects of specific chemical constituents of PM2.5. A total of 1531 children who had available data on daily prenatal PM2.5 exposure and completed assessment on neurodevelopment at 1 year old were enrolled. We used the high-performance machine-learning model to estimate daily PM2.5 exposure concentrations at 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution. The combined geospatial-statistical model was applied to evaluate average concentrations of six chemical constituents [organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), and soil dust (Dust)]. The neurodevelopment of children was assessed using Bayley-III Screening Test. After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of non-optimal gross motor development increased by 31 % for every 10 μg/m3 increase in average PM2.5 exposure during gestation (aRR: 1.31; 95 % CI: 1.04, 1.64). Further analysis of PM2.5 constituents showed that prenatally exposed to high SO42- was associated with the risk of non-optimal gross motor development (aRR: 1.40; 95 % CI: 1.08, 1.81). Null associations were observed for the rest four neurodevelopment domains. Collectively, our study suggested that prenatal exposure to PM2.5, particularly with high SO42- concentration, was associated with children's non-optimal gross motor development at 1 year old. The short- and long-term influences of perinatal PM2.5 exposure on children's neurodevelopment warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shiyao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yangqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Qun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qingxia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China; Reproductive Genetic Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
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19
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Hang Y, Meng X, Li T, Wang T, Cao J, Fu Q, Dey S, Li S, Huang K, Liang F, Kan H, Shi X, Liu Y. Assessment of long-term particulate nitrate air pollution and its health risk in China. iScience 2022; 25:104899. [PMID: 36039292 PMCID: PMC9418855 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a major environmental and public health challenge in China and the Chinese government has implemented a series of strict air quality policies. However, particulate nitrate (NO3−) concentration remains high or even increases at monitoring sites despite the total PM2.5 concentration has decreased. Unfortunately, it has been difficult to estimate NO3− concentration across China due to the lack of a PM2.5 speciation monitoring network. Here, we use a machine learning model incorporating ground measurements and satellite data to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of NO3−, thereby understanding the disease burden associated with long-term NO3− exposure in China. Our results show that existing air pollution control policies are effective, but increased NO3− of traffic emissions offset reduced NO3− of industrial emissions. In 2018, the national mean mortality burden attributable to NO3− was as high as 0.68 million, indicating that targeted regulations are needed to control NO3− pollution in China. We build a NO3− model using machine learning techniques incorporating satellite data We estimate spatiotemporal variations of NO3− concentration in China from 2005–2018 In 2018, the national mean mortality burden attributable to NO3− was about 0.68 million Targeted regulations on vehicle emissions are needed to control NO3− pollution in China
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Tijian Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Sagnik Dey
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shenshen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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20
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Hu X, Han W, Wang Y, Aunan K, Pan X, Huang J, Li G. Does air pollution modify temperature-related mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112898. [PMID: 35181304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an increasing interest in understanding whether air pollutants modify the quantitative relationships between temperature and health outcomes. The results of available studies were, however, inconsistent. This study aims to sum up the current evidence and provide a comprehensive understanding of this topic. METHODS We conducted an electronic search in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The modified Navigation Guide was applied to evaluate the quality and strength of evidence. We calculated pooled temperature-related mortality at low and high pollutant levels respectively, using the random-effects model. RESULTS We identified 22 eligible studies, eleven of which were included in the meta-analysis. Significant effect modification was observed on heat effects for all-cause and non-accidental mortality by particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm (PM10) and ozone (O3) (p < 0.05). The excess risks (ERs) for all-cause and non-accidental mortality were 5.4% (4.4%, 6.4%) and 6.3% (4.8%, 7.8%) at the low PM10 level, 8.8% (7.5%, 10.1%) and 11.4% (8.7%, 14.2%) at the high PM10 level, respectively. As for O3, the ERs for all-cause and non-accidental mortality were 5.1% (3.9%, 6.3%) and 3.6% (0.1%, 7.2%) at the low O3 level, 7.6% (6.3%, 9.0%) and 12.5% (4.7%, 20.9%) at the high O3 level, respectively. Surprisingly, the heat effects on cardiovascular mortality were found to be lower at high carbon monoxide (CO) levels [ERs = 5.4% (3.9%, 6.9%)] than that at low levels [ERs = 9.4% (7.0%, 11.9%)]. The heterogeneity varied, but the results of sensitivity analyses were generally robust. Significant effect modification by air pollutants was not observed for heatwave or cold effects. CONCLUSIONS PM10 and O3 modify the heat-related all-cause and non-accidental mortality, indicating that policymakers should consider air pollutants when establishing heat-health warning systems. Future studies with comparable designs and settings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenxing Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kristin Aunan
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, N-0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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21
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Sang S, Chu C, Zhang T, Chen H, Yang X. The global burden of disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113588. [PMID: 35525115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of the disease burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 across the world is essential for the prevention of related diseases, as well as ambient PM2.5 control. Following the framework and methodology of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) in 2019, the global, regional, and national data on ambient PM2.5-attributable death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and the age-standardized rates of mortality (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) were summarized based on age, gender, year, location and specific diseases. We calculated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to depict the secular trends of ASMR and ASDR from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the global ambient PM2.5-related deaths and DALYs were 4,140,970 and 118.2 million, respectively, with 1,702,150 deaths and 47.5 million DALYs for females and 2,438,820 deaths and 70.7 million DALYs for male. In the 13 level-three causes, ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive and pulmonary disease (COPD) were the leading three causes of deaths and DALYs attributable to ambient PM2.5. The number of global deaths and DALYs attributable to ambient PM2.5 has increased by 102.3% and 67.7% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. However, ASMR and ASDR showed little change. In the 13 level-three diseases, ischemic heart disease, stroke, COPD, diabetes mellitus, and lung cancer were the top five contributors to the increase of global deaths or DALYs, among which diabetes mellitus had the fastest increase of ASMR and ASDR, with AAPC of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.43, 1.58) and 2.21 (95% CI: 2.15, 2.27), respectively. The population attributable fractions (PAF) of causes in ASMR or ASDR varied significantly across regions, of which PAF of COPD, stroke and lung cancer were the top three. Regarding the GBD region, high PAF mainly occurred in North Africa and Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia. The age-specific PAFs of ischemic heart disease and stroke deaths and DALYs due to ambient PM2.5 were negatively correlated with age. ASMR and ASDR of overall PM2.5 related-burden showed an inverted "V/U" relationship with the socio-demographic index (SDI). The AAPC of ASMR and ASDR of the overall causes showed a strong negative correlation with SDI in 2019, especially at the SDI larger than 0.5. The deaths and DALYs attributable to ambient PM2.5 continued to increase under the context of population growth and aging. Decision-makers should consider controlling the PM2.5 emission when developing the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Sang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Chu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Liu L, Luo S, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhou P, Mo S, Zhang Y. Longitudinal Impacts of PM 2.5 Constituents on Adult Mortality in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7224-7233. [PMID: 35089703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Limited evidence exists for long-term effects of PM2.5 constituents on mortality. Hence, we aimed to assess associations between all-cause mortality and long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents in China. We designed a nationwide cohort study of 30524 adults from 162 prefectural areas across mainland China with follow-ups through years 2010-2017. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying exposures were employed to quantify associations between all-cause mortality and long-term exposure to PM2.5 and constituents. A total of 1210 deaths occurred during 172297.7 person-years. A multiadjusted Cox model estimated an hazard ratio (HR) of 1.125 (95% confidence interval: 1.058-1.197) for all-cause mortality, associated with an interquartile range (IQR = 26.7 μg/m3) rise in exposure to PM2.5. Comparable or stronger associations were found among PM2.5 constituents with the mortality risk increased by 11.3-14.1% per IQR increase in exposure concentrations. After adjustment for the collinearity between total PM2.5 and constituents, effect estimates for nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate remained significant and became larger. Urban residents, alcohol drinkers, smokers, and men were more susceptible to chronic impacts from ambient PM2.5 constituents. This cohort study added the novel longitudinal evidence for elevated mortality linked with long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents among Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixuan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaocai Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
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23
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Niu X, Wang Y, Chuang HC, Shen Z, Sun J, Cao J, Ho KF. Real-time chemical composition of ambient fine aerosols and related cytotoxic effects in human lung epithelial cells in an urban area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112792. [PMID: 35093308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤1 μm (PM1) in the atmosphere, especially that which is emitted from anthropogenic sources, can induce considerable negative effects on the cardiopulmonary system. To investigate the chemical emission characteristics and organic sources in Yuen Long (Hong Kong), both offline and online approaches for PM1 samples were applied by filter-based samplers and a Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (Q-ACSM), respectively. The toxicological effects on human A549 lung alveolar epithelial cells were investigated, and associations between cytotoxicity and organic sources and compositions were evaluated. The organics from the Q-ACSM measurement were the largest contributor to submicron aerosols in both seasons of our study, and the mass fraction was higher in winter (60%) than it was in autumn (46%). Regarding organic sources, the mass fraction of hydrocarbon-like organics (HOA) increased from 7% in autumn to 38% in winter, whereas cooking organics (COA) decreased from 30% in autumn to 18% in winter, and oxygenated organics (OOA) decreased from 63% to 45%. Organic compounds contributed more during pollution episodes, and more secondary ions were formed by means of the oxidation process. Oxidative and inflammatory responses in A549 cells were found with PM1 exposures; the differences in chemical compositions resulted in the higher cytotoxicity in winter than autumn. The cooking organic aerosol in residential area was significantly correlated with cell inflammation. Both elemental carbon and specific inorganic ions (SO42- and Mg2+) contributed to the intracellular cytotoxicity. This study demonstrated that specific atmospheric particulate matter chemical properties and sources can trigger distinct cell reactions; the inorganic ions from cooking emissions cannot be disregarded in terms of their pulmonary health risks in residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Study on Lung Injury Caused by Fine Particulate Matter and Intervention Effect of Rhodiola wallichiana. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3693231. [PMID: 35432571 PMCID: PMC9007651 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3693231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to observe the protective effect of Rhodiola wallichiana drops in a rat model of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lung injury. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control (NC), normal saline (NS), PM2.5-infected (PM), and Rhodiola wallichiana (RW) groups. Rats in the NC group were not provided any interventions, whereas those in the NS and PM groups were administered normal saline and PM2.5 suspension by trachea drip once a week for four weeks. Rats in the RW group were intraperitoneally administered Rhodiola wallichiana for 14 days and then administered PM2.5 suspension by trachea drip 7 days after drug delivery. The levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and oxidative stress biomarkers such as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, and protein carbonyl content were determined in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by ELISA. The level of 4-hydroxynonenal in the lung was also determined using Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results Levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress biomarkers were all increased in the PM group but decreased in the RW group. Western blotting revealed increased 4-hydroxynonenal levels in the PM group but decreased levels in the RW group. Immunohistochemical staining also provided similar results. Conclusion Rhodiola wallichiana could protect rats from inflammation and oxidative stress injury caused by PM2.5.
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Liang R, Chen R, Yin P, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Burnett R, Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Liu C, Wang W, Lei J, Wang L, Wang L, Zhang M, Kan H, Zhou M. Associations of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and its constituents with cardiovascular mortality: A prospective cohort study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107156. [PMID: 35248978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated long-term cardiovascular effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents in countries with high air pollution levels. We aimed to investigate the associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and constituents with cardiovascular mortality in China. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 90,672 adults ≥ 18 years from 2010 to 2017 in 161 districts/counties across China. The residential annual-average exposure to PM2.5 and 6 main components from 2011 to 2017 were estimated by satellite-based and chemical transport models. Associations of PM2.5 and constituents with cardiovascular mortality were analyzed by competing-risk Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS The average PM2.5 exposure throughout the whole period was 46 ± 22 μg/m3. The hazard ratios of mortality (95% confidence intervals) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations were 1.02 (1.00, 1.05) for overall cardiovascular disease, 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) for ischemic heart disease, 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) for overall stroke, 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) for hemorrhagic stroke, and 1.11 (1.04, 1.19) for ischemic stroke. PM2.5 constituents from fossil fuel combustion (i.e., black carbon, organic matter, nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate) showed larger hazard ratios than PM2.5 total mass, while soil dust showed no risks. CONCLUSIONS This nationwide cohort study demonstrated associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with increased risks of cardiovascular mortality in the general population of China. Our study highlighted the importance of PM2.5 constituents from fossil fuel combustion in the long-term cardiovascular effects of PM2.5 in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Liang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard Burnett
- Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Aaron J Cohen
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA 02110-1817, USA
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Lei
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
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Evaluation of PM2.5 Retention Capacity and Structural Optimization of Urban Park Green Spaces in Beijing. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Green space can effectively retain particles and improve air quality. However, most studies have focused on leaf-scale measurements or regional-scale model simulations, and few focus on individual trees. In this study, 176 urban park green spaces were selected within the 5th Ring Road in Beijing, and the i-Tree Eco model was used to estimate the PM2.5 retention levels of individual trees and sample plots. The results show that the retention capacity varied according to tree species. The PM2.5 retention of each sample plot was significantly affected by the tree coverage, species richness, mean tree height, mean crown width, and number of trees. The PM2.5 retention of urban park green spaces in the study area was estimated to be about 6380 t·year−1, and the air quality improvement rate was 1.62%. After structural optimizing, PM2.5 retention of the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved green space was as high as 80,000 g·year−1. This study studied the effects of trees on PM2.5 retention at multiple scales to fill the gaps in existing research at the scales of individual trees and communities, and it can serve as a reliable reference for the design and construction of green spaces aimed at improving air quality.
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Li Z, Ho KF, Dong G, Lee HF, Yim SHL. A novel approach for assessing the spatiotemporal trend of health risk from ambient particulate matter components: Case of Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111866. [PMID: 34390721 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal assessment of health risk due to exposure to particulate matter (PM) components should be well studied because of the different toxicity among PM components. However, this research topic has long been overlooked. This study aimed to examine the spatiotemporal variability in ambient respirable PM (PM10) components associated inhalation carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk (ICR and INCR) in Hong Kong over 2015-2019. The land-use regression (LUR) approach was adopted to predict the spatial distribution of PM10 component concentrations for the period of 2015-2019, whereas the ICR and INCR values of PM10 components were also estimated using the classic health risk assessment method. Both concentration of PM10 and INCR of PM10 components showed a general decreasing trend, while ICR of PM10 components increased slightly over the study period. LUR-model-based spatial maps at 500 m × 500 m resolution revealed the important spatial variability in PM10 and its eleven components, and their associated ICR and INCR values. High pollution levels and high ICR and INCR of studied PM10 components were generally found in developed urban areas and along the road network. Despite the fact that the PM10 concentrations met the Hong Kong annual PM10 air quality objective of 50 μg/m3, there was still significant potential health risk from the studied PM10 components. This study highlights the importance of taking PM component concentrations and associated inhalation health risk as well as PM mass concentrations into account for the perspective of air quality management and protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Li
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Harry Fung Lee
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Steve Hung Lam Yim
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China; Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
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Chowdhury S, Pozzer A, Haines A, Klingmüller K, Münzel T, Paasonen P, Sharma A, Venkataraman C, Lelieveld J. Global health burden of ambient PM 2.5 and the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon and organic aerosols. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107020. [PMID: 34894485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses a major global health risk, commonly assessed by assuming equivalent toxicity for different PM2.5 constituents. We used a data-informed global atmospheric model and recent exposure-response functions to calculate the health burden of ambient PM2.5 from ten source categories. We estimate 4.23 (95% confidence interval 3.0-6.14) million excess deaths annually from the exposure to ambient PM2.5. We distinguished contributions and major sources of black carbon (BC), primary organic aerosols (POA) and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (aSOA). These components make up to ∼20% of the total PM2.5 in South and East Asia and East Africa. We find that domestic energy use by the burning of solid biofuels is the largest contributor to ambient BC, POA and aSOA globally. Epidemiological and toxicological studies indicate that these compounds may be relatively more hazardous than other PM2.5 compounds such as soluble salts, related to their high potential to inflict oxidative stress. We performed sensitivity analyses by considering these species to be more harmful compared to other compounds in PM2.5, as suggested by their oxidative potential using a range of potential relative risks. These analyses show that domestic energy use emerges as the leading cause of excess mortality attributable to ambient PM2.5, notably in Asia and Africa. We acknowledge the uncertainties inherent in our assumed enhanced toxicity of the anthropogenic organic and BC aerosol components, which suggest the need to better understand the mechanisms and magnitude of the associated health risks and the consequences for regulatory policies. However our assessment of the importance of emissions from domestic energy use as a cause of premature mortality is robust to a range of assumptions about the magnitude of the excess risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourangsu Chowdhury
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andrea Pozzer
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andy Haines
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society and Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Klingmüller
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pauli Paasonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arushi Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Programme in Climate Studies, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Chandra Venkataraman
- Interdisciplinary Programme in Climate Studies, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 1645 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Shen D, Guo Z, Huang K, Dai P, Jin X, Li Y, Li C. Inflammation-associated pulmonary microbiome and metabolome changes in broilers exposed to particulate matter in broiler houses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126710. [PMID: 34332479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The particulate matter (PM) in livestock houses, one of the primary sources of atmospheric PM, is not only detrimental to the respiratory health of animals and farmworkers but also poses a threat to the public environment and public health and warrants increased attention. In this study, we investigated the variation in the pulmonary microbiome and metabolome in broiler chickens exposed to PM collected from a broiler house. We examined the pulmonary microbiome and metabolome in broilers, observing that PM induced a visible change in α and β diversity. A total of 66 differential genera, including unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae and Campylobacter, were associated with pulmonary inflammation. Untargeted metabolomics was utilised to identify 63 differential metabolites induced by PM and correlated with differential bacteria. We observed that PM resulted in injury of the broiler lung and disruption of the microbial community, as well as causing changes in the observed metabolites. These results imply that perturbations to the microbiome and metabolome may play pivotal roles in the mechanism underlying PM-induced broiler lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shen
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pengyuan Dai
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yansen Li
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Fang J, Tang S, Deng F, Gao X, Wuchang C, Liu Y, Dong H, Du Y, Li T, Shi X. Associations of Carbonaceous Compounds and Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Ambient PM 2.5 with Renal Function in Older Individuals: The China BAPE Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:433-439. [PMID: 34913675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is proven to be associated with a decline in renal function. However, few studies have explored the acute renal damage from carbonaceous compounds and water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), which constitute the bulk of total PM2.5 mass. We examined the acute effect of these constituents of ambient PM2.5 on renal function in older Chinese individuals. Seventy-one healthy people aged 60-69 years from Jinan, China, were enrolled and visited monthly and asked to complete survey questionnaires, undergo physical exams, and provide blood samples. The hourly concentrations of organic carbon, elemental carbon (EC), and WSIIs in ambient PM2.5 were collected from a fixed-site monitoring station. The association between PM2.5 constituents and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated using linear mixed-effects models after controlling for a series of covariates. We observed that ambient carbonaceous compounds and WSIIs were associated with a significant decline in renal function. The interquartile range increased in the 24 h moving average of carbonaceous compounds, and WSIIs in ambient PM2.5 were associated with -13.11% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): -19.49, -6.21%] to -0.81% (95% CI: -4.17, 2.67%) changes in eGFR. We found significant associations between EC, chlorine (Cl-), sodium (Na+), and magnesium (Mg2+) and eGFR in single-pollutant, constituent-PM2.5, and residual-constituent models with a lag period of 0-24 h. This study demonstrated that carbonaceous compounds and WSIIs in PM2.5 were inversely associated with renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Fang
- China CDC Key Lab oratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Lab oratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Fuchang Deng
- China CDC Key Lab oratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xu Gao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Wuchang
- China CDC Key Lab oratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- China CDC Key Lab oratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- China CDC Key Lab oratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yanjun Du
- China CDC Key Lab oratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Lab oratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Lab oratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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Wang Y, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Chang H, Martin RV, Van Donkelaar A, Gaskins A, Liu Y, Liu P, Shi L. Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106969. [PMID: 34741960 PMCID: PMC9190768 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass has been associated with adverse health effects. However, the health effects of PM2.5 components have been less studied. There is a pressing need to better understand the relative contribution of components of PM2.5, which can lay the scientific basis for designing effective policies and targeted interventions. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study, comprising all Medicare enrollees aged 65 or older in the southeastern United States from 2000 to 2016, to explore the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and all-cause mortality among the elderly. Based on well-validated prediction models, we estimated ZIP code-level annual mean concentrations for five major PM2.5 components, including black carbon (BC), nitrate (NIT), organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO4), and soil particles. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The cohort comprised 13,590,387 Medicare enrollees and a total of 107,191,652 person-years. In single-component models, all five major PM2.5 components were significantly associated with elevated all-cause mortality. The hazard ratios (HR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure were 1.027 (95% CI: 1.025-1.030), 1.012 (95% CI: 1.010-1.013), 1.018 (95% CI: 1.017-1.020), 1.021 (95% CI: 1.017-1.024), and 1.004 (95% CI: 1.003-1.006) for BC, NIT, OM, SO4, and soil particles, respectively. While the effect estimate of soil component was statistically significant, it is much smaller than those of combustion-related components. CONCLUSION Our study provides epidemiological evidence that long-term exposure to major PM2.5 components is significantly associated with elevated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Siyao Xiao
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Howard Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron Van Donkelaar
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halix, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Audrey Gaskins
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Cao L, Ping F, Zhang F, Gao H, Li P, Ning X, Cui G, Ma Z, Jiang X, Li S, Han S. Tissue-Protective Effect of Erdosteine on Multiple-Organ Injuries Induced by Fine Particulate Matter. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930909. [PMID: 34873140 PMCID: PMC8665604 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the air pollutant that most threatens global public health. The purpose of this study was to observe the inflammatory and oxidative stress injury of multiple organs induced by PM2.5 in rats and to explore the tissue-protective effect of erdosteine. Material/Methods We randomly divided 40 male Wistar rats into a blank control group, a saline group, a PM2.5 exposure group, and an erdosteine intervention group. We assessed changes in organs tissue homogenate and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Results (1) The expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, 8-OHdG, 4-HNE, and PCC in serum and BALF of the PM2.5 exposure group increased, but decreased after treatment with erdosteine, suggesting that erdosteine treatment attenuates inflammatory and oxidative stress injury. (2) The expression of γ-GCS in serum and lungs in the PM2.5 exposure group increased, but did not change significantly after treatment with erdosteine. This suggests that PM2.5 upregulates the level of γ-GCS, while erdosteine does not affect this protective response. (3) The expression of T-AOC in serum, lungs, spleens, and kidneys of the PM2.5 exposure group decreased, but increased after treatment with erdosteine. Our results suggest that PM2.5 can cause imbalance of oxidation/anti-oxidation in multiple organs, and erdosteine can alleviate this imbalance. Conclusions PM2.5 exposure can lead to inflammatory and oxidative stress damage in serum and organ tissues of rats. Erdosteine may be an effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant that can reduce this injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Third Department of Geriatrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Fen Ping
- Third Department of Geriatrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Third Department of Geriatrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Li
- Third Department of Geriatrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaohui Ning
- Third Department of Geriatrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Guohuan Cui
- Third Department of Geriatrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Zheng Ma
- International Department, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Jiang
- Third Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Suyan Li
- Department of General Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Shuzhi Han
- Third Department of Geriatrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Yang J, Sakhvidi MJZ, de Hoogh K, Vienneau D, Siemiatyck J, Zins M, Goldberg M, Chen J, Lequy E, Jacquemin B. Long-term exposure to black carbon and mortality: A 28-year follow-up of the GAZEL cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106805. [PMID: 34375941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current evidence on health effects of long-term exposure to outdoor airborne black carbon (BC) exposure remains scarce. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between long-term exposure to BC and mortality in a large population-based French cohort, with 28 years of follow-up. METHODS Data from the GAZEL cohort were collected between 1989 and 2017. Land use regression model with temporal extrapolation wa used to estimate yearly BC and PM2.5 exposure at the residential addresses from 1989 until censoring for 19,906 participants. Time-varying Cox models with attained age as time-scale was used to estimate the associations between BC and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, after adjusting for individual and area-level covariates. To handle confounding by PM2.5, we used the residual of BC regressed on PM2.5 as an alternate exposure variable. For all-cause mortality, we also examined effect modification by sex, smoking status, BMI and fruit/vegetable intake. RESULTS The median of 20-year moving average of BC exposure was 2.02 10-5/m in study population. We found significant associations between BC exposure and all-cause mortality (n = 2357) using both 20-year moving average of BC and residual of BC, with corresponding hazard ratios (HR) of 1.14 (95 %CI: 1.07-1.22) and 1.17 (95 %CI: 1.10-1.24) for an inter-quartile range (IQR) increase (0.86 10-5/m for BC and 0.57 10-5/m for residual of BC). We found a similar association between BC and cardiovascular mortality (n = 277) with a HR of 1.15 (95 %CI: 0.95-1.38). The dose-response relationship between BC and all-cause mortality was monotonic but nonlinear with a steeper slope at high BC levels. In addition, the effect of BC was higher among never-smokers and among those having fruit/vegetables less than twice a week. CONCLUSIONS There was a positive association between long-term exposure to BC and increased mortality risk, reinforcing the emerging evidence that BC is a harmful component of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Univ. Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi
- Univ. Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jack Siemiatyck
- CRCHUM (Centre de recherche du CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Zins
- Université de Paris, Unité "Cohortes en Population" INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, UMS 011 Paris, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Université de Paris, Unité "Cohortes en Population" INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, UMS 011 Paris, France
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Emeline Lequy
- CRCHUM (Centre de recherche du CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Université de Paris, Unité "Cohortes en Population" INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, UMS 011 Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Jacquemin
- Univ. Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Yang X, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Chen H, Sang S. Global burden of COPD attributable to ambient PM2.5 in 204 countries and territories, 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148819. [PMID: 34265615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The global spatiotemporal pattern of the COPD burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 is unknown in the context of the continuing increase in exposure to ambient PM2.5. Data on COPD burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 from 1990 to 2019 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Cases and age-standardized rates of COPD mortality (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) were estimated by age, sex, region, and country. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify the secular trends of ASMR and ASDR from 1990 to 2019. Globally, the number of COPD deaths and DALYs attributable to ambient PM2.5 both increased by over 90% from 1990 to 2019, but ASMR and ASDR both slightly decreased, with EAPC of -0.58 (95% CI: -0.72, -0.44) and -0.40 (95% CI: -0.51, -0.29), respectively. Most COPD deaths and DALYs attributable to PM2.5 occurred in the middle sociodemographic index (SDI) region, but the fastest growth of ASMR and ASDR occurred in the low SDI region, with EAPCs of 2.41 (95% CI: 2.23, 2.59) and 2.34 (95% CI: 2.16, 2.52), respectively. East Asia and South Asia were the high-risk areas of COPD deaths and DALYs attributable to PM2.5, among which China and India were the countries with the heaviest burden. COPD deaths and DALYs attributable to PM2.5 mainly occurred in individuals 70-89 years old and 60-84 years old, respectively. The age-specific rates of mortality and DALYs had a rapid increase in low and low-middle SDI regions from 1990 to 2019. The ASMR or ASDR had a reverse V-shaped relationship with SDI. In summary, the ambient PM2.5-attributable COPD burden is socioeconomic- and age-dependent, and it mediates the heterogeneity of spatial and temporal distribution. Low- and middle-income countries endure the highest ambient PM2.5-attributable COPD burden due to the high exposure to PM2.5 and poor availability and affordability of medicines and diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Sang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Kim Y, Park EH, Ng CFS, Chung Y, Hashimoto K, Tashiro K, Hasunuma H, Doi M, Tamura K, Moriuchi H, Nishiwaki Y, Kim H, Yi SM, Kim H, Hashizume M. Respiratory function declines in children with asthma associated with chemical species of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in Nagasaki, Japan. Environ Health 2021; 20:110. [PMID: 34670555 PMCID: PMC8529805 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential effects of PM2.5 fractions on children's lung function remain inconclusive. This study aimed to examine whether lung function in asthmatic children was associated with increased PM2.5 fractions in urban areas in Nagasaki prefecture, Japan, where the air pollution level is relatively low but influenced by transboundary air pollution. METHODS We conducted a multiyear panel study of 73 asthmatic children (boys, 60.3%; mean age, 8.2 years) spanning spring 2014-2016 in two cities. We collected self-measured peak expiratory flow (PEF) twice a day and daily time-series data for PM2.5 total mass and its chemical species. We fitted a linear mixed effects model to examine short-term associations between PEF and PM2.5, adjusting for individual and time-varying confounders. A generalized linear mixed effects model was also used to estimate the association for worsening asthma defined by severe PEF decline. Back-trajectory and cluster analyses were used to investigate the long-range transboundary PM2.5 in the study areas. RESULTS We found that morning PEFs were adversely associated with higher levels of sulfate (- 1.61 L/min; 95% CI: - 3.07, - 0.15) in Nagasaki city and organic carbon (OC) (- 1.02 L/min; 95% CI: - 1.94, - 0.09) in Isahaya city, per interquartile range (IQR) increase at lag1. In addition, we observed consistent findings for worsening asthma, with higher odds of severe PEF decline in the morning for sulfate (odds ratio (OR) = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.12, 4.77) and ammonium (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.84) in Nagasaki city and OC (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.15) in Isahaya city, per IQR increase at lag1. The significant chemical species were higher on days that could be largely attributed to the path of Northeast China origin (for sulfate and ammonium) or both the same path and local sources (for OC) than by other clusters. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of the differential effects of PM2.5 fractions on lung function among asthmatic children in urban areas, where the Japanese national standards of air quality have been nearly met. Continuous efforts to promote mitigation actions and public awareness of hazardous transboundary air pollution are needed to protect susceptible children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eun Ha Park
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yeonseung Chung
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kunio Hashimoto
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kasumi Tashiro
- Department of Paediatrics, Isahaya General Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasunuma
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masataka Doi
- Kenhoku Healthcare Office, Nagasaki Prefectural Government, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kei Tamura
- Pharmaceutical Administration Office, Nagasaki Prefectural Government, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiwaki
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Muk Yi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Chen Y, Chen R, Chen Y, Dong X, Zhu J, Liu C, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Li H, Kan H, Jiang Q, Fu C. The prospective effects of long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and constituents on mortality in rural East China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130740. [PMID: 34162086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Few cohort studies explored the associations of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and its chemical constituents with mortality risk in rural China. We conducted a 12-year prospective study of 28,793 adults in rural Deqing, China from 2006 to 2018. Annual mean PM2.5 and its constituents, including black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and soil dust were measured at participants' addresses at enrollment from a satellite-based exposure predicting model. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of long-term exposure to PM2.5 for mortality. A total of 1960 deaths were identified during the follow-up. We found PM2.5, BC, OC, NH4+, NO3-, and SO42- were significantly associated with an increased risk of non-accidental mortality. The HR for non-accidental mortality was 1.17 (95%CI: 1.07, 1.28) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. As for constituents, the strongest association was found for BC (HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.33), followed by NO3-, NH4+, SO42-, and OC (HR = 1.14-1.17 per interquartile range). A non-linear relationship was found between PM2.5 and non-accidental mortality. Similar associations were found for cardio-cerebrovascular and cancer mortality. Associations were stronger among men and ever smokers. Conclusively, we found long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and its chemical constituents (especially BC and NO3-) increased mortality risk. Our results suggested the importance of adopting effective targeted emission control to improve air quality for health protection in rural East China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Xiaolian Dong
- Deqing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Deqing, 313299, China
| | - Jianfu Zhu
- Deqing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Deqing, 313299, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Huichu Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chaowei Fu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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The Role of Fossil Fuel Combustion Metals in PM2.5 Air Pollution Health Associations. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we elucidate the central role played by fossil fuel combustion in the health-related effects that have been associated with inhalation of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We especially focus on individual properties and concentrations of metals commonly found in PM air pollution, as well as their sources and their adverse health effects, based on both epidemiologic and toxicological evidence. It is known that transition metals, such as Ni, V, Fe, and Cu, are highly capable of participating in redox reactions that produce oxidative stress. Therefore, particles that are enriched, per unit mass, in these metals, such as those from fossil fuel combustion, can have greater potential to produce health effects than other ambient particulate matter. Moreover, fossil fuel combustion particles also contain varying amounts of sulfur, and the acidic nature of the resulting sulfur compounds in particulate matter (e.g., as ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, or sulfuric acid) makes transition metals in particles more bioavailable, greatly enhancing the potential of fossil fuel combustion PM2.5 to cause oxidative stress and systemic health effects in the human body. In general, there is a need to further recognize particulate matter air pollution mass as a complex source-driven mixture, in order to more effectively quantify and regulate particle air pollution exposure health risks.
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Luo S, Zhang Y. Long-term exposure to fine particulate constituents and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126051. [PMID: 34492892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to various cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints. However, little is known regarding the health effects of PM2.5 constituents. This study aimed to assess the associations of CVD incidence with long-term exposures to PM2.5 constituents in China, including black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+). METHODS A nationwide cohort of 14,331 adults were drawn from the China Family Panel Study, a high-quality longitudinal survey initiated from 2010 over 25 provincial regions in China. We used the baseline survey and the ensuing three waves of follow-up data during 2010-2017 to conceive our study cohort. Annual county-level exposures of PM2.5 and its constituents for each participant were assessed by aggregating satellite-derived estimates at a monthly time-scale and 1 km-resolution. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was developed to identify confounding variables. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying exposures and province-level random intercepts were employed to quantify associations of CVD incidence with long-term exposures to PM2.5 and its constituents. RESULTS During 84,162.4 person-years' follow-up, a total of 1575 CVD, 953 hypertension and 342 stroke incidents occurred. DAG-based Cox model estimated an hazard ratio (HR) of 1.291 (95% confidence interval: 1.147-1.454) for total CVD and 1.326 (1.151-1.528) for hypertension, associated with per interquartile range (IQR=27.9 μg/m3) increase in exposure to PM2.5 mass. Elevated CVD risks were also significantly related to several PM2.5 constituents, with the largest HRs observed in SO42- (1.721 [1.517-1.951], IQR = 5.67 μg/m3), followed by NH4+ (1.537 [1.341-1.762], IQR = 4.44 μg/m3), NO3- (1.311 [1.128-1.523], IQR = 8.92 μg/m3) and BC (1.294 [1.158-1.446], IQR = 2.28 μg/m3). No associations were identified between long-term exposures to particulate constituents and incidence of stroke. Associations with PM2.5 and constituents (BC, NO3-, NH4+ and SO42-) were more pronounced among adults aged over 50 years, and residents in southern region. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposures to PM2.5 mass and specific constituents (i.e., BC, NO3-, NH4+ and SO42-) were associated with increased risks of total CVD and hypertension incidence in Chinese adults. Findings may have implications for in-depth understandings of biological mechanisms in chronic impacts of ambient PM2.5 on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siqi Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Sommar JN, Hvidtfeldt UA, Geels C, Frohn LM, Brandt J, Christensen JH, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Forsberg B. Long-Term Residential Exposure to Particulate Matter and Its Components, Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone-A Northern Sweden Cohort Study on Mortality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168476. [PMID: 34444225 PMCID: PMC8393394 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the mortality risk associated with air pollution in a Swedish cohort with relatively low exposure. Air pollution models were used to estimate annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), primary emitted carbonaceous particles (BC/pOC), sea salt, chemically formed particles grouped as secondary inorganic and organic aerosols (SIA and SOA) as well as ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The exposure, as a moving average was calculated based on home address for the time windows 1 year (lag 1), 1-5 years (lag 1-5) and 1-10 years (lag 1-10) preceding the death. During the study period, 1151 cases of natural mortality, 253 cases of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and 113 cases of respiratory and lung cancer mortality were observed during 369,394 person-years of follow-up. Increased natural mortality was observed in association with NO2 (3% [95% CI -8-14%] per IQR) and PM2.5 (2% [95% CI -5-9%] for an IQR increase) and its components, except for SOA where a decreased risk was observed. Higher risk increases were observed for CVD mortality (e.g., 18% [95% CI 1-39%] per IQR for NO2). These findings at low exposure levels are relevant for future decisions concerning air quality policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan N. Sommar
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-9-0785-3453
| | - Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (U.A.H.); (O.R.-N.)
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (C.G.); (L.M.F.); (J.B.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Lise M. Frohn
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (C.G.); (L.M.F.); (J.B.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (C.G.); (L.M.F.); (J.B.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jesper H. Christensen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (C.G.); (L.M.F.); (J.B.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (U.A.H.); (O.R.-N.)
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (C.G.); (L.M.F.); (J.B.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
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Oh SH, Song M, Schauer JJ, Shon ZH, Bae MS. Assessment of long-range oriented source and oxidative potential on the South-west shoreline, Korea: Molecular marker receptor models during shipborne measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 281:116979. [PMID: 33813190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the quantitative contributions of PM2.5 on the South-west shoreline of Korea, filter based samplings were conducted in the summertime of 2017 and 2018 (total 32 days) via shipborne measurements using both a high volume and middle volume air sampler. Water-soluble organic carbon, water-soluble ions, organic carbon and elemental carbon, elemental species, and organic molecular markers by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry were utilized to characterize the collected substrates. The current study investigates the (1) chemical characteristics of PM2.5, (2) source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF), and (3) relationship between sources and the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay during the two sampling periods. A mean PM2.5 concentration of 19.3 μg/m3 was observed along the entire sampling route. The ratio of water-soluble to organic carbon implies that secondary aerosol formation is dominant. The result of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) suggests the contribution of a marine-oriented biogenic source of PM2.5. The PMF source apportionment model showed six source categories with reasonably stable profiles: 1) sulfate-rich, 2) MSA-rich, 3) nitrate-rich, 4) secondary organic, 5) continental, and 6) biomass burning sources. The PMF showed three strong events (i.e., long-range transport, mixed (ocean and long-range stay), and domestic origin events) in the contributions of sources, as well as a dependence on wind transport. Higher associations with DTT oxidative potential normalized to PM2.5 mass concentration (DTT-OPm) related to long-range transport, hence, confirming the impacts of the highest intrinsic oxidative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sea-Ho Oh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungki Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53705, USA
| | - Zang-Ho Shon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao C, Deng M, Cao X. Does haze pollution damage urban innovation? Empirical evidence from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16334-16349. [PMID: 33387318 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The continuous outbreak of haze pollution attracted full attention and became one of the most severe environmental problems in China. Based on the panel data of 266 prefecture-level cities from 2000 to 2016, this paper investigates the effects of haze pollution on China's urban innovation. Results show that (1) haze pollution does not damage urban innovation but forms a crisis-driven effect to stimulate it. (2) Haze pollution enhances the public's environmental awareness, which induces the government to invest more in science and technology, and finally forces the improvement of urban innovation. (3) Haze pollution causes the loss of human capital and leading to a decrease in the number of people who engaged in scientific research, which weakens the city's technological innovation ability. (4) The crisis-driven effect caused by haze pollution boosts the improvement of technological innovation in eastern cities, large cities, and northern cities. This study enriches the evidence on the relationship between haze pollution and urban innovation, which is significant for local governments to formulate green development and innovation-driven strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkai Zhao
- School of Urban and Regional Science, Institute of Finance and Economics Research, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, No. 777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Deng
- School of Urban and Regional Science, Institute of Finance and Economics Research, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, No. 777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiguang Cao
- School of Urban and Regional Science, Institute of Finance and Economics Research, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, No. 777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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Xue T, Zheng Y, Li X, Liu J, Zhang Q, Zhu T. A component-specific exposure-mortality model for ambient PM 2.5 in China: findings from nationwide epidemiology based on outputs from a chemical transport model. Faraday Discuss 2021; 226:551-568. [PMID: 33237089 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) has been evidenced to be a leading contributor to premature mortality in China and many other countries. Previous studies assess the health risk using an exposure-response function, such as an exposure-mortality model (EMM) based on total concentration of PM2.5. However, the risk assessment method can be problematic as it ignores the unequal toxicity between the different chemical components of PM2.5. To derive a components-specific EMM (CS-EMM), we conducted a whole-population-based epidemiology study in China, using the Chinese Population Census data in 2000 and 2010. Concentrations of ambient PM2.5 and its components were assessed by satellite-based concentrations of PM2.5 and composition fractions simulated by a chemical transport model. We used a difference-in-difference approach to associate county-level changes of census-based total mortality with changes of PM2.5 and its components between 2010 and 2000. The chemical components of PM2.5 simulated by the model included sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), organic carbon (OC), and black carbon (BC). We further compared CS-EMM with EMM based on a single pollutant of PM2.5 (PM2.5-EMM) or black carbon (BC-EMM), by evaluating their performance in a risk assessment. Using census-based total mortality and cross validation we evaluated the performance of the mortality prediction of an EMM, and found that the CS-EMM outperformed PM2.5-EMM or BC-EMM. For instance, CS-EMM, PM2.5-EMM, and BC-EMM all overestimated the average number of county-level deaths by 117, 142, and 149, respectively; hence CS-EMM overestimated by the lowest amount. Moreover, CS-EMM had the advantage of interpreting the toxicity of PM2.5 mixture in its entirety. From 2000 to 2010, CS-EMM attributed a 205 496 increase in PM2.5-associated mortality across China to the joint contribution of the growth of total concentration and the reduction of PM2.5 toxicity. Among the components, BC contributed 6.4% of PM2.5 concentration growth, but corresponded to a 46.7% increment in PM2.5-associated deaths. This study developed a framework to establish and validate an exposure-response function based on PM2.5 components, and illustrated its advantages in terms of risk prediction and result interpretation in China. Our approach can be utilized to evaluate how chemical composition modified the health impact of PM2.5, and should help policy-makers target the toxic sources of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Beristain-Montiel E, Villalobos-Pietrini R, Nuñez-Vilchis A, Arias-Loaiza GE, Hernández-Paniagua IY, Amador-Muñoz O. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochloride pesticides in the organic matter of air suspended particles in Mexico valley: A diagnostic to evaluate public policies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115637. [PMID: 33254712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was analysed in air particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10) collected in the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico Valley (MZMV), during 2013 and 2014, respectively. Spatial and seasonal distributions of PM and their organic content named solvent extracted organic matter (SEOM) were determined. PM mass concentration and SEOM/PM ratios were compared with previous studies in 2006 in Mexico City. PM2.5 concentration was like found in 2006, however, PM10 decreased ∼43%. The SEOM/PM10 ratio was kept constant, suggesting a decrease in SEOM as well as PM10 emitted from natural sources, probably as a result of changes in the land use due to urban growth. A decrease ∼50% SEOM/PM2.5 ratio was observed in the same period, linked to adequate strategies and public policies applied by the local and federal governments to control the organic matter emitted from anthropogenic sources. Seven out of sixteen OCPs and five out of six PBDEs were found. The most common POPs were endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, BDE-47 and BDE-99, present on >90% of the sampling days. OCPs in PM2.5 and PBDEs in PM10 showed seasonal variability. Higher PBDEs concentration in both particle sizes were observed at east and southeast of the MZMV, where one of the biggest landfills and wastewater treatment plants are located. OCPs in PM10 were mainly emitted from agricultural areas located to the southwest, southeast and east of the MZMV. OCPs in PM2.5 showed a regional contribution from the north and introduced into the valley. OCP degradation products were dominant over native OCPs, indicating no fresh OCP use. POPs comparison with other cities was made. Agreements and commissions created by the Mexican government reduced OCPs emissions, however, more effort must be made to control PBDE emission sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Beristain-Montiel
- Atmospheric Organic Aerosols Chemical Speciation Group. Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - R Villalobos-Pietrini
- Atmospheric Organic Aerosols Chemical Speciation Group. Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - A Nuñez-Vilchis
- Atmospheric Organic Aerosols Chemical Speciation Group. Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - G E Arias-Loaiza
- Atmospheric Organic Aerosols Chemical Speciation Group. Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - I Y Hernández-Paniagua
- Physicochemical of the Atmosphere Research Group. Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - O Amador-Muñoz
- Atmospheric Organic Aerosols Chemical Speciation Group. Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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Saini A, Harner T, Chinnadhurai S, Schuster JK, Yates A, Sweetman A, Aristizabal-Zuluaga BH, Jiménez B, Manzano CA, Gaga EO, Stevenson G, Falandysz J, Ma J, Miglioranza KSB, Kannan K, Tominaga M, Jariyasopit N, Rojas NY, Amador-Muñoz O, Sinha R, Alani R, Suresh R, Nishino T, Shoeib T. GAPS-megacities: A new global platform for investigating persistent organic pollutants and chemicals of emerging concern in urban air. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115416. [PMID: 32854027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A pilot study was initiated in 2018 under the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network named GAPS-Megacities. This study included 20 megacities/major cities across the globe with the goal of better understanding and comparing ambient air levels of persistent organic pollutants and other chemicals of emerging concern, to which humans residing in large cities are exposed. The first results from the initial period of sampling are reported for 19 cities for several classes of flame retardants (FRs) including organophosphate esters (OPEs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) including new flame retardants (NFRs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD). The two cities, New York (USA) and London (UK) stood out with ∼3.5 to 30 times higher total FR concentrations as compared to other major cities, with total concentrations of OPEs of 15,100 and 14,100 pg/m3, respectively. Atmospheric concentrations of OPEs significantly dominated the FR profile at all sites, with total concentrations in air that were 2-5 orders of magnitude higher compared to other targeted chemical classes. A moderately strong and significant correlation (r = 0.625, p < 0.001) was observed for Gross Domestic Product index of the cities with total OPEs levels. Although large differences in FR levels were observed between some cities, when averaged across the five United Nations regions, the FR classes were more evenly distributed and varied by less than a factor of five. Results for Toronto, which is a 'reference city' for this study, agreed well with a more in-depth investigation of the level of FRs over different seasons and across eight sites representing different urban source sectors (e.g. traffic, industrial, residential and background). Future sampling periods under this project will investigate trace metals and other contaminant classes, linkages to toxicology, non-targeted analysis, and eventually temporal trends. The study provides a unique urban platform for evaluating global exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Saini
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, M3H5T4, Canada.
| | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Sita Chinnadhurai
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Jasmin K Schuster
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Alan Yates
- Australian Ultra-Trace Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Andrew Sweetman
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, K LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos A Manzano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Las Palmeras, 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eftade O Gaga
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gavin Stevenson
- Australian Ultra-Trace Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | | | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Maria Tominaga
- Sao Paulo State Environmental Company, Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr, 345, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Narumol Jariyasopit
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Omar Amador-Muñoz
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ravindra Sinha
- IJRC-PTS, Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, 800 005, Bihar, India
| | - Rose Alani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - R Suresh
- Centre for Environmental Studies, The Energy and Resources Institute, Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Takahiro Nishino
- Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection 1-7-5, Sinsuna Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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Huang W, Pang Y, Luo XS, Chen Q, Wu L, Tang M, Hong Y, Chen J, Jin L. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PM 2.5 during a snowfall event in different functional areas of a megacity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140267. [PMID: 32610230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can harm human health, but the chemical composition and toxicity of PM2.5 pollution might vary with weather conditions. In order to investigate the impacts of snowfall weather on aerosol characteristics and toxicity by changing particle sources and components, the daily PM2.5 samples were collected before, during, and after a snowfall event in urban, industrial, suburban, and rural areas of Nanjing city in eastern China, for both chemical composition analysis and cytotoxicity tests. After 24 h exposure to these PM2.5, the cell activity, oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factor expression levels of human lung epithelial cells A549 were measured by ELISA, and DNA damage was determined by comet assay. Although the concentrations of PM2.5 in the air were reduced during snowfall, they posed stronger cytotoxicity, genetic toxicity and inflammatory responses to A549 cells. Related to the elevated mass concentrations of some components accumulated in PM2.5 during snowfall, As, Co, Cr, Sr, V, water-soluble Na+ and Ca2+ showed positive correlations with toxicity indicators. Therefore, snowfall will clean air by deposition, but also make the PM2.5 components remaining in air mostly anthropogenic by covering ground soil/dust, thus increase the particle's mass-based cytotoxicity and their health risks still cannot be ignored, such as the heavy metals and water-soluble ions from automobile exhaust and coal combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Huang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yuting Pang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao-San Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lichun Wu
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mingwei Tang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Youwei Hong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Li J, Hu Y, Liu L, Wang Q, Zeng J, Chen C. PM2.5 exposure perturbs lung microbiome and its metabolic profile in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137432. [PMID: 32169651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have become a major public health concern because of their adverse effects on health. Lungs are considered the primary organ affected by PM2.5. In order to understand the mechanism underlying PM2.5-induced lung injury, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analysis were conducted to investigate the impact of PM2.5 exposure on lung microbiome and its metabolic profile. Mice were exposed to PM2.5 through intratracheal instillation and a lung injury model was established. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that PM2.5 exposure significantly altered the richness, evenness, and composition of the lung microbiome. Metabolomics profiling showed that the levels of lung metabolites were perturbed after PM2.5 exposure. The altered metabolites mainly belonged to metabolic pathways, such as the citrate cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism. The altered lung microbiota showed significant correlations with lung metabolites. The levels of fumaric acid negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae. These results revealed that PM2.5 exposure not only significantly altered the lung microbiome composition but also perturbed a number of metabolites involved in diverse metabolic pathways. This study improves our understanding of the mechanism of lung injury after PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiran Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingjing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahao Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China; The Interventional Pulmonary Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Ran J, Sun S, Han L, Zhao S, Chen D, Guo F, Li J, Qiu H, Lei Y, Tian L. Fine particulate matter and cause-specific mortality in the Hong Kong elder patients with chronic kidney disease. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125913. [PMID: 31962222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging epidemiologic studies suggested that particulate matter (PM) was a risk factor for the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, few studies were conducted to examine whether PM was associated with cause-specific deaths in the CKD progression. This study aimed to estimate the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and a spectrum of deaths among CKD patients. We took leverage of the Elderly Health Service cohort (n = 66,820), a large Hong Kong elderly cohort followed up till 2010. A total of 902 CKD incident patients in the cohort were identified during the follow-up period. We estimated yearly PM2.5 at the residential address for each CKD patient based on a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. We used Cox proportional hazards models with attained age as the underlying timescale to assess the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and cause-specific mortality among CKD patients. A total of 496 patients died during the follow-up, where 147 died from cardiovascular disease, 61 from respiratory disease and 154 from renal failure. The mortality hazard ratio (HR) per interquartile-range increase in PM2.5 (4.0 μg/m3) was 1.97 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34 to 2.91) for ischemic heart disease (IHD) among CKD patients, and was 1.42 (95%CI: 1.05 to 1.93) for CKD among those patients concomitantly with hypertension. Associations were not of statistical significance between PM2.5 and mortality hazard ratios of all-cause, stroke, and pneumonia among CKD patients. Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to PM2.5 may contribute to the CKD progression into ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Ran
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Lefei Han
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
| | - Shi Zhao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
| | - Dieyi Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Guo
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Yujie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China.
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China.
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Hvidtfeldt UA, Geels C, Sørensen M, Ketzel M, Khan J, Tjønneland A, Christensen JH, Brandt J, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Long-term residential exposure to PM 2.5 constituents and mortality in a Danish cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105268. [PMID: 31675564 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies on health effects of long-term exposure to specific PM2.5 constituents are few. Previous studies have reported an association between black carbon (BC) exposure and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and a few studies have found an association between sulfate exposure and mortality. These studies, however, relied mainly on exposure data from centrally located air-monitoring stations, which is a crude approximation of personal exposure. We focused on specific chemical constituents of PM2.5, i.e. elemental and primary organic carbonaceous particles (BC/OC), sea salt, secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA, i.e. NO3-, NH4+, and SO42-), and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), in relation to all-cause, CVD and respiratory disease mortality. We followed a Danish cohort of 49,564 individuals from enrollment in 1993-1997 through 2015. We combined residential address history from 1979 onwards with mean annual air pollution concentrations obtained by the AirGIS air pollution modelling system, lifestyle information from baseline questionnaires and socio-demography obtained by register linkage. During 895,897 person-years of follow-up, 10,193 deaths from all causes occurred - of which 2319 were CVD-related and 870 were related to respiratory disease. The 15-year time-weighted average concentrations of PM2.5, BC/OC, sea salt, SIA and SOA were 13.8, 2.8, 3.4, 4.9, and 0.3 µg/m3, respectively. For all-cause mortality, a higher risk was observed with higher exposure to PM2.5, BC/OC and SOA with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.03 (95% confidence intervals: 1.01, 1.05), 1.06 (1.03, 1.09), and 1.08 (1.03, 1.13) per interquartile range, respectively. The associations for BC/OC and SOA remained after adjustment for PM2.5 in two-pollutant models. For CVD mortality, we observed elevated risks with higher exposure to PM2.5, BC/OC and SIA. The results showed no clear relationship between sea salt and mortality. In this study, we observed a relationship between long-term exposure to PM2.5, BC/OC, and SOA and all-cause mortality and between PM2.5, BC/OC, and SIA and CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, P.O. Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Jibran Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Heile Christensen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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49
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Estimating Spatio-Temporal Variations of PM2.5 Concentrations Using VIIRS-Derived AOD in the Guanzhong Basin, China. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11222679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from satellite remote sensing is widely used to estimate surface PM2.5 (dry mass concentration of particles with an in situ aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 µm) concentrations. In this research, a two-stage spatio-temporal statistical model for estimating daily surface PM2.5 concentrations in the Guanzhong Basin of China is proposed, using 6 km × 6 km AOD data available from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument as the main variable and meteorological factors, land-cover, and population data as auxiliary variables. The model is validated using a cross-validation method. The linear mixed effects (LME) model used in the first stage could be improved by using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model or the generalized additive model (GAM) in the second stage, and the predictive capability of the GWR model is better than that of GAM. The two-stage spatio-temporal statistical model of LME and GWR successfully captures the temporal and spatial variations. The coefficient of determination (R2), the bias and the root-mean-squared prediction errors (RMSEs) of the model fitting to the two-stage spatio-temporal models of LME and GWR were 0.802, −0.378 µg/m3, and 12.746 µg/m3, respectively, and the model cross-validation results were 0.703, 1.451 µg/m3, and 15.731 µg/m3, respectively. The model prediction maps show that the topography has a strong influence on the spatial distribution of the PM2.5 concentrations in the Guanzhong Basin, and PM2.5 concentrations vary with the seasons. This method can provide reliable PM2.5 predictions to reduce the bias of exposure assessment in air pollution and health research.
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Lee W, Choi HM, Kim D, Honda Y, Leon Guo YL, Kim H. Synergic effect between high temperature and air pollution on mortality in Northeast Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108735. [PMID: 31539825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High temperature and air pollutants have been reported as potential risk factors of mortality. Previous studies investigated interaction between the two variables; however, the excess death risk due to the synergic effect (i.e. interaction on the additive scale) between the two variables has not been investigated adequately on a multi-country scale. This study aimed to assess the excess death risk due to the synergism between high temperature and air pollution on mortality using a multicity time-series analysis. We collected time-series data on mortality, weather variables, and four air pollutants (PM10, O3, NO2, and CO) for 16 metropolitan cities of three countries (Japan, Korea, and Taiwan) in Northeast Asia (1979-2015). Quasi-Poisson time-series regression and meta-analysis were used to estimate the additive interaction between high temperature and air pollution. The additive interaction was measured by relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) index. We calculated RERI with relative risks (RR) of the 99th/10th, 90th/90th, and 99th/90th percentiles of temperature/air pollution metrics, where risk at the 90th/10th percentiles of temperature/air pollution metrics was the reference category. This study showed that there may exist positive and significant excess death risks due to the synergism between high temperature and air pollution in the total population for all pollutants (95% lower confidence intervals of all RERIs>0 or near 0). In final, we measured quantitatively the excess death risks due to synergic effect between high temperature and air pollution, and the synergism should be considered in public health interventions and a composite warning system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whanhee Lee
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayon Michelle Choi
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yue-Liang Leon Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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