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Jiang B, Pang J, Li J, Mi L, Ru D, Feng J, Li X, Zhao A, Cai L. The effects of organic food on human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1151-1175. [PMID: 37930102 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the nutritional composition of organic food has been thoroughly researched, there is a dearth of published data relating to its impact on human health. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to examine the association between organic food intake and health effects, including changes in in vivo biomarkers, disease prevalence, and functional changes. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception through Nov 13, 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Both observational and interventional studies conducted in human populations were included, and association between level of organic food intake and each outcome was quantified as "no association," "inconsistent," "beneficial correlation/harmful correlation," or "insufficient". For outcomes with sufficient data reported by at least 3 studies, meta-analyses were conducted, using random-effects models to calculate standardized mean differences. DATA ANALYSIS Based on the included 23 observational and 27 interventional studies, the association between levels of organic food intake and (i) pesticide exposure biomarker was assessed as "beneficial correlation," (ii) toxic metals and carotenoids in the plasma was assessed as "no association," (iii) fatty acids in human milk was assessed as "insufficient," (iv) phenolics was assessed as "beneficial", and serum parameters and antioxidant status was assessed as "inconsistent". For diseases and functional changes, there was an overall "beneficial" association with organic food intake, and there were similar findings for obesity and body mass index. However, evidence for association of organic food intake with other single diseases was assessed as "insufficient" due to the limited number and extent of studies. CONCLUSION Organic food intake was found to have a beneficial impact in terms of reducing pesticide exposure, and the general effect on disease and functional changes (body mass index, male sperm quality) was appreciable. More long-term studies are required, especially for single diseases. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022350175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhu Pang
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Bellamy Food Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junan Li
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Bellamy Food Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Mi
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Bellamy Food Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Ru
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxi Feng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Rahman A, Baharlouei P, Koh EHY, Pirvu DG, Rehmani R, Arcos M, Puri S. A Comprehensive Analysis of Organic Food: Evaluating Nutritional Value and Impact on Human Health. Foods 2024; 13:208. [PMID: 38254509 PMCID: PMC10814746 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, organic agriculture has gained more popularity, yet its approach to food production and its potential impact on consumers' health and various environmental aspects remain to be fully discovered. The goal of organic farming practices is to maintain soil health, sustain ecological systems, maintain fairness in its relationship with the environment and protect the environment in its entirety. Various health benefits have been associated with higher consumption of organic foods. This review identified some of these health benefits, including a reduction in obesity and body mass index (BMI), improvements in blood nutrient composition as well as reductions in maternal obesity and pregnancy-associated preeclampsia risks. Furthermore, organic food consumption can reduce the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and colorectal cancers. Upon reviewing the existing literature regarding the nutritional value of organic foods, it was found that organic food contained higher levels of iron, magnesium and vitamin C. However, the evidence available to draw definitive causations remains limited due to study biases, short study durations and confounding variables; thus, it cannot be concluded that the organic diet provides any related health benefits. In this review, we provided essential insights and statistical analysis from the evidence available and consider study limitations to evaluate the potential of organic food consumption in positively impacting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizur Rahman
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Parnian Baharlouei
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- Physiology and Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eleanor Hui Yan Koh
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Diana Gabby Pirvu
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Rameesha Rehmani
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Mateo Arcos
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Simron Puri
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
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Les fruits et légumes « Biologiques » sont-ils de qualité supérieure et meilleurs pour notre santé ? CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Weissert SJ, Mikkelsen EM, Jacobsen BH, Hatch EE, Wesselink AK, Wise LA, Rothman KJ, Sørensen HT, Laursen ASD. Organic food consumption and fecundability in a preconception cohort study of Danish couples trying to conceive. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023; 37:57-68. [PMID: 36071679 PMCID: PMC10087289 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about potential health effects of eating organic food in relation to reproduction. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between organic food consumption and fecundability. METHODS Data were derived from a preconception cohort study of Danish couples trying to conceive (SnartForaeldre.dk, SF). Participants completed a baseline questionnaire on socio-demographics, anthropometrics and lifestyle and a validated food-frequency questionnaire, which included questions on proportions of organic food consumed within six food groups. Participants were followed up with bimonthly questionnaires for up to 12 months or until pregnancy. Analyses were restricted to 2061 participants attempting pregnancy for ≤6 cycles at enrollment and 1303 with <3 cycles. Fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by proportional probabilities regression models adjusted for potential confounders including age, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. Associations were examined for vegetables, fruits, cereals, dairy products, eggs and meat, separately, and for the overall pattern of organic food consumption (organic sum score). RESULTS The final analytic sample comprised 2069 participants. In the full cohort, organic food consumption was not meaningfully associated with fecundability. Among participants <3 cycles of pregnancy attempt at study entry (n = 1303), the FR was 1.11 (95% CI 0.93, 1.33) for the category 'less than half', for 'more than half' the FR was 1.17 (95% CI 0.99, 1.38) and for 'almost everything' the FR was 1.12 (95% CI 0.97, 1.28). CONCLUSION Higher consumption of organic foods was not meaningfully associated with fecundability, although slightly greater fecundability was seen among participants with <3 cycles of pregnancy attempt time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissel Jessen Weissert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen Margrethe Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarke H Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth E Hatch
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Henrik T Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Dam Laursen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Liu B, Curl CL, Brantsæter AL, Torjusen H, Sun Y, Du Y, Lehmler HJ, Balentine A, Snetselaar LG, Bao W. Perspective: Organic food consumption during pregnancy and the potential effects on maternal and offspring health. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:12-21. [PMID: 36811584 PMCID: PMC10102986 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a critical window for both maternal and child health. Previous studies have shown that the consumption of an organic diet during pregnancy can reduce pesticide exposure compared with the consumption of a conventional diet. It is possible that this could, in turn, improve pregnancy outcomes, because maternal pesticide exposure during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications. Organic foods are produced by methods that comply with organic standards, generally restricting the use of agrochemicals, such as synthetic pesticides. In the past few decades, the global demand for organic foods has increased drastically, driven in large part by consumer beliefs that organic foods provide benefits to human health. However, the effects of organic food consumption during pregnancy on maternal and child health have not been established. This narrative review aims to summarize current evidence regarding the consumption of organic foods during pregnancy and the potential effects on short- and long-term health outcomes in mothers and offspring. We performed a comprehensive literature search and identified studies investigating the association between organic food consumption during pregnancy and health outcomes in mothers and their offspring. The outcomes identified from the literature search included pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and otitis media. Although existing studies suggest that consumption of organic foods (overall or a specific kind) during pregnancy may have health benefits, further investigation to replicate the findings in other populations is needed. Moreover, because these previous studies have all been observational and thus may be limited by the potential for residual confounding and reverse causation, causal inference cannot be established. We argue that the next necessary step in this research is a randomized trial to test the efficacy of organic diet intervention in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Cynthia L Curl
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Hanne Torjusen
- Consumption Research Norway SIFO, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yangbo Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Annica Balentine
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Lecorguillé M, Camier A, Kadawathagedara M. Weight Changes, Nutritional Intake, Food Contaminants, and Supplements in Women of Childbearing Age, including Pregnant Women: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives. J Midwifery Womens Health 2022; 67 Suppl 1:S135-S148. [PMID: 36480662 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adequate maternal nutrition is crucial for a healthy pregnancy and optimal fetal growth. Many women in France of childbearing age start their pregnancy in an unfavorable nutritional status. Recent studies highlight the value of paying attention to weight issues from the preconceptional period. It is important to call attention to the need for folate supplementation and to promote a varied and balanced diet throughout pregnancy to cover essential nutritional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurore Camier
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRAE, Paris, F-75004, France
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ÖZTÜRK DÖNMEZ R, KURT Ş. İklim Değişikliğinin Anne ve Yenidoğan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkisi. DOKUZ EYLÜL ÜNIVERSITESI HEMŞIRELIK FAKÜLTESI ELEKTRONIK DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.46483/deuhfed.1008043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Özellikle son yıllarda üzerinde durulan iklim değişikliği; on yıllardır süren sıcaklık, yağış, rüzgâr gibi hava olaylarındaki değişiklik olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İklim değişikliği ile birlikte, temiz suya erişim, hava kalitesi, hava sıcaklıklarında değişim, güvenli barınma ve gıda güvenliği gibi sağlığın belirleyicileri olumsuz etkilenerek insan sağlığı etkilenmektedir. Bu durumdan etkilenen risk grubunda bulunan bireyler, özellikle gebeler ve yenidoğanlar, savunmasız ve duyarlı alt grupları oluşturmaktadırlar. İklim değişikliği ve sağlığa etkilerini konu alan çalışmaların özellikle son yıllarda yürütülmüş olduğu dikkati çekmektedir. Bu derlemede iklim değişikliğinin anne ve yenidoğan sağlığı üzerine etkilerinin neler olduğuna dikkat çekilmek istenmiştir. İncelenen araştırmalardan yüksek derece sıcaklığa maruz kalma ve hava kirliliği ile gestasyonel diyabet, hipertansiyon, erken doğum, erken membran rüptürü, düşük doğum ağırlığı, ölü doğum, yenidoğan cinsiyeti ve konjenital anomaliler arasında ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. İklim değişikliğinin sağlık üzerine olumsuz etkilerini azaltmada hemşirelere önemli sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Toplumun ve bireyin dayanıklılık kapasitesini arttırma, başa çıkma stratejilerini ve ileriye dönük davranışlarını geliştirme, sosyal destek ve yeşil çevre için politikalar geliştirmeye yönelik eğitici, savunucu, değişim ajanı, liderlik, bakım verici ve denetleyici gibi var olan rollerini hemşireler etkili bir biçimde kullanmalıdır.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Şeyma KURT
- EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ
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Amato CM, Fricke A, Marella S, Mogus JP, Bereman M, McCoy KA. An experimental evaluation of the efficacy of perinatal sulforaphane supplementation to decrease the incidence and severity of vinclozolin-induced hypospadias in the mouse model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 451:116177. [PMID: 35905821 PMCID: PMC9450412 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Determining the mechanisms of toxicity induced by pollutants has long been a research priority in lieu of considering the mechanisms of resilience that prevent deleterious impacts. Protective mechanisms in many taxa can be therapeutically targeted to enhance resilience to synthetic toxicants. For example, the environmental sensor, Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nfe2l2 or Nrf2), a transcription factor, facilitates transcription of many protective genes. Hypospadias is a common malformation of the penis. The risk of being born with hypospadias increases with pollutant exposure. We use vinclozolin-induced hypospadias in the mouse as a model to test the hypothesis that pollutant-induced birth defects can be prevented and reduced in severity by augmenting natural mechanisms of resilience. Pregnant mice were exposed to the demasculinizing toxicant, vinclozolin, in combination with increasing doses of the NRF2 activator, sulforaphane. The sulforaphane dose that most effectively increased masculinization (anogenital distance) was identified and used to test the hypothesis that sulforaphane reduces the hypospadias-inducing potency of vinclozolin. Finally, a Nrf2 knockout study was conducted to test whether NRF2 was required for the sulforaphane-induced rescue effects. Sulforaphane supplementation to vinclozolin exposed embryos increased anogenital distance in a nonlinear fashion typical of Nrf2 activators. The most effective dose of sulforaphane (45 mg/kg) reduced the occurrence and severity of vinclozolin-induced hypospadias and corrected penis morphogenesis. The sulforaphane-induced rescue effect was dependent on the presence of Nrf2. Nrf2 plays a critical role in protecting the fetus from vinclozolin and reduces the incidence and severity of hypospadias, the most common birth defect in boys in many countries. This work lays a foundation for developing prenatal supplements that will protect the fetus from pollutant-induced hypospadias. Studying the protective mechanisms that drive resilience to toxicants will facilitate innovation of protective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro M Amato
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Ariel Fricke
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Sahiti Marella
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Joshua P Mogus
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Michael Bereman
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Krista A McCoy
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA; Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Center for Coastal and Human Health, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA.
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Rempelos L, Wang J, Barański M, Watson A, Volakakis N, Hadall C, Hasanaliyeva G, Chatzidimitriou E, Magistrali A, Davis H, Vigar V, Średnicka-Tober D, Rushton S, Rosnes KS, Iversen PO, Seal CJ, Leifert C. Diet, but not food type, significantly affects micronutrient and toxic metal profiles in urine and/or plasma; a randomized, controlled intervention trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1278-1290. [PMID: 36041176 PMCID: PMC9630859 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have linked Mediterranean Diets (MedDiet) and organic food consumption with positive health outcomes, which may be explained by higher mineral micronutrient and phenolic intake and lower dietary exposure to toxic compounds. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of diet and food type (organic versus conventional) on urinary excretion (UE) and/or plasma concentrations of mineral micronutrients, phenolics and toxic metals. METHODS Healthy, adult participants were randomly allocated to a conventional (n=14) or an intervention (n=13) group. During a two-week period, the intervention group consumed a MedDiet made entirely from organic foods, while the conventional group consumed a MedDiet made from conventional foods. Before and after the intervention period, both groups consumed their habitual Western diets made from conventional foods. The primary outcome was UE and/or plasma concentrations of selected mineral micronutrients, toxic metals and phenolic markers. In addition, we monitored diets using food diaries. The participants were aware of study group assignment, but the study assessors were not. RESULTS Changing from a Western to a MedDiet for two weeks resulted in significant increases in UE of total phenolics and salicylic acid (by 46 and 45% respectively), the mineral micronutrients Co, I, and Mn (by 211, 70 and 102% respectively) and the toxic metal Ni (by 42%), and plasma Se concentrations (by 14%). However, no significant effects of food type (organic versus conventional) were detected. Redundancy analysis identified vegetables, coffee, wine and fruit as positive drivers for UE of phenolic markers and mineral micronutrients, and fish consumption as a positive driver for UE of Cd and Pb. CONCLUSIONS Although small effects of food type cannot be ruled out, our study suggests that only changing to a MedDiet with higher fruit and vegetable, and lower meat consumption results in a large increase in phenolic and mineral micronutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population and Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marcin Barański
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anthony Watson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population and Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catherine Hadall
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gultakin Hasanaliyeva
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Department of Sustainable Crop and Food Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Eleni Chatzidimitriou
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Amelia Magistrali
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Davis
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Vigar
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Steven Rushton
- Modelling Evidence and Policy Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin S Rosnes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per O Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chris J Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population and Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Huang D, Wu Q, Xu X, Ji C, Xia Y, Zhao Z, Dai H, Li H, Gao S, Chang Q, Zhao Y. Maternal Consumption of Milk or Dairy Products During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:900529. [PMID: 35811961 PMCID: PMC9261982 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.900529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to systematically review current evidence and quantitatively evaluate the associations between milk or dairy consumption during pregnancy and birth outcomes. Methods This systematic review had been reported in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A supplementary literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase was conducted on 30 March 2021. Studies that assessed the association of maternal consumption of milk or dairy with birth-related outcomes were identified. The dose-response meta-analyses of continuous data and categorical data were applied. One-stage approach and two-stage approach were used where appropriate. Results In total, 42 studies were eligible for the present systematic review, and 18 of them were included in the outcome-specific meta-analyses. The dose-response meta-analysis [Number of studies (N) = 9] predicted a maximum mean change in birthweight of 63.38 g [95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.08, 126.67] at 5.00 servings per day. Intake of dairy products had the greatest protective effect on small for gestational age at a maximum of 7.2 servings per day [Relative risk (RR) = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.56, 0.85] (N = 7). The risk of large for gestational age was predicted to be maximum at 7.20 servings per day of dairy consumption, with the RR and 95% CI of 1.30 (1.15, 1.46; N = 4). In addition, the relationship between dairy consumption and low birth weight (RR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.33, 1.50; N = 5) and pre-mature birth (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.87, 1.47; N = 5) was not significant, respectively. Conclusions Maternal consumption of dairy during pregnancy has a potential effect on fetal growth. Further well-designed studies are warranted to clarify the specific roles of individual dairy products. Systematic Review Registration identifier: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020150608
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qijun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huixu Dai
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanyan Gao
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Zhao
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11
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Mie A, Novak V, Franko MA, Bügel SG, Laursen KH. Fertilizer Type Affects Stable Isotope Ratios of Nitrogen in Human Blood Plasma─Results from Two-Year Controlled Agricultural Field Trials and a Randomized Crossover Dietary Intervention Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3391-3399. [PMID: 35263104 PMCID: PMC8949720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The stable nitrogen isotope ratio δ15N is used as a marker of dietary protein sources in blood. Crop fertilization strategies affect δ15N in plant foods. In a double-blinded randomized cross-over dietary intervention trial with 33 participants, we quantified the effect of fertilizer type (conventional: synthetic fertilizer and organic: animal or green manure) on δ15N in blood plasma. At study baseline, plasma δ15N was +9.34 ± 0.29‰ (mean ± standard deviation). After 12 days intervention with a diet based on crops fertilized with animal manure, plasma δ15N was shifted by +0.27 ± 0.04‰ (mean ± standard error) compared to synthetic fertilization and by +0.22 ± 0.04‰ compared to fertilization with green manure (both p < 0.0001). Accordingly, differences in the δ15N values between fertilizers are propagated to the blood plasma of human consumers. The results indicate a need to consider agricultural practices when using δ15N as a dietary biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mie
- Department
of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 11883, Sweden
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Vlastimil Novak
- Plant
Nutrients and Food Quality Research Group, Plant and Soil Science
Section and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and
Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Mikael Andersson Franko
- Department
of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 11883, Sweden
| | - Susanne Gjedsted Bügel
- Preventive
and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Kristian Holst Laursen
- Plant
Nutrients and Food Quality Research Group, Plant and Soil Science
Section and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and
Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
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12
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Rempelos L, Wang J, Barański M, Watson A, Volakakis N, Hoppe HW, Kühn-Velten WN, Hadall C, Hasanaliyeva G, Chatzidimitriou E, Magistrali A, Davis H, Vigar V, Średnicka-Tober D, Rushton S, Iversen PO, Seal CJ, Leifert C. Diet and food type affect urinary pesticide residue excretion profiles in healthy individuals: results of a randomized controlled dietary intervention trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:364-377. [PMID: 34718382 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have linked pesticide exposure to various diseases, whereas organic food consumption has been associated with positive health outcomes. Organic farming standards prohibit the use of most pesticides, and organic food consumption may therefore reduce pesticide exposure. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of diet (Western compared with Mediterranean) and food type (conventional compared with organic) and sex on urinary pesticide residue excretion (UPRE), as well as associations between specific diet components and UPRE. METHODS In this 2-wk, randomized dietary intervention trial, healthy adults were randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 13) or conventional (n = 14) group. Whereas participants in the intervention group consumed a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) made entirely from organic foods, the conventional group consumed a MedDiet made entirely from conventional foods. Both groups consumed habitual Western diets made from conventional foods before and after the 2-wk intervention period. The primary outcome was UPRE. In addition, we assessed diet composition and pesticide residue profiles in foods eaten. Participants were aware of group assignment, but the study assessors were not. RESULTS During the intervention period, total UPRE was 91% lower with organic (mean 17 μg/d; 95% CI: 15, 19) than with conventional (mean 180 μg/d; 95% CI: 153, 208) food consumption (P < 0.0001). In the conventional group, switching from the habitual Western diet to the MedDiet increased insecticide excretion from 7 to 25 μg/d (P < 0.0001), organophosphate excretion from 5 to 19 μg/d (P < 0.0001), and pyrethroid residue excretion from 2.0 to 4.5 μg/d (P < 0.0001). Small but significant effects of sex were detected for chlormequat, herbicide, and total pesticide residue excretion. CONCLUSIONS Changing from a habitual Western diet to a MedDiet was associated with increased insecticide, organophosphate, and pyrethroid exposure, whereas organic food consumption reduced exposure to all groups of synthetic chemical pesticides. This may explain the positive health outcomes linked to organic food consumption in observational studies. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03254537.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Rempelos
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, NEFG, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, NEFG, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population and Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marcin Barański
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, NEFG, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anthony Watson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population and Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Hadall
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Royal Victory Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gultakin Hasanaliyeva
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, NEFG, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Chatzidimitriou
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, NEFG, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, France (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Amelia Magistrali
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, NEFG, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Davis
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, NEFG, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Vigar
- NatMed, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Steven Rushton
- Modelling Evidence and Policy Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Per Ole Iversen
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, IMB, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chris J Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population and Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Leifert
- Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Department of Nutrition, IMB, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Kesse-Guyot E, Lairon D, Allès B, Seconda L, Rebouillat P, Brunin J, Vidal R, Taupier-Letage B, Galan P, Amiot MJ, Péneau S, Touvier M, Boizot-Santai C, Ducros V, Soler LG, Cravedi JP, Debrauwer L, Hercberg S, Langevin B, Pointereau P, Baudry J. Key Findings of the French BioNutriNet Project on Organic Food-Based Diets: Description, Determinants, and Relationships to Health and the Environment. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:208-224. [PMID: 34661620 PMCID: PMC8803492 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the relationships between organic food consumption, dietary patterns, monetary diet cost, health, and the environment. To address these issues, a consortium of French epidemiologists, nutritionists, economists, and toxicologists launched the BioNutriNet project in 2013. In 2014, an FFQ documented the usual organic and nonorganic (conventional) food consumption of approximately 35,000 NutriNet-Santé participants. Then, individual organic and conventional food intakes were merged with price, environmental, and pesticide residue data sets, which distinguished between conventional and organic farming methods. Many studies were conducted to characterize organic consumers and their environmental impacts (i.e., greenhouse gas emissions, energy demand, and land use) and organic food consumption impacts on health. We observed that organic consumers had diets that were healthier and richer in plant-based food than nonorganic consumers. Their diets were associated with higher monetary costs, lower environmental impacts, and reduced exposure to certain pesticide residues. Regular consumption of organic food was associated with reduced risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, postmenopausal breast cancer, and lymphoma. Although several observations have been confirmed by several studies conducted in other countries, our results should be replicated in other cultural settings and coupled with experimental studies to be able to draw causal conclusions. Finally, the main finding of the BioNutriNet project is that while organic food consumption could be associated with positive externalities on human health and the environment, organic-based diets should be accompanied by dietary shifts toward plant-based diets to allow for better planetary and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Denis Lairon
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Allès
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Louise Seconda
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
- Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (ADEME), Angers, France
| | - Pauline Rebouillat
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Joséphine Brunin
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
- Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (ADEME), Angers, France
| | | | | | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Amiot
- MOISA, INRAE, International Cooperation in Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Institut Agro-SupAgro (SUPAGRO), Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Péneau
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | | | - Véronique Ducros
- Biochemistry Department, Grenoble-Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Cravedi
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, National Veterinary School (ENVT), National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, National Veterinary School (ENVT), National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | | | | | - Julia Baudry
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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14
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Desalegn AA, Iszatt N, Stigum H, Jensen TK, Eggesbø M. A case-cohort study of perinatal exposure to potential endocrine disrupters and the risk of cryptorchidism in the Norwegian HUMIS study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106815. [PMID: 34388676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during the critical period of testicular descent may increase the risk of cryptorchidism and male fertility. OBJECTIVE To investigate 27 potential EDCs measured in breast milk as a proxy for perinatal exposure and the risk of cryptorchidism in a prospective cohort. METHOD The Norwegian Human Milk Study (2002-2009) enrolled 2606 mother-infant pairs, of which 1326 were mother-son pairs. In a case-cohort design, we studied 641 male infants who had 27 EDCs already quantified in milk samples: 5 organochlorine pesticides, 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 6 brominated flame retardants, and 2 poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances. We defined cases of congenital, recurrent, persistent and ever-reported cryptorchidism based on questionnaires mothers completed when children were 1, 6, 12 and 24 months old. Variable selection via elastic net logistic regression identified the best cryptorchidism predictors while multivariable logistic regression models determined their effect estimates. RESULTS The prevalence of reported congenital cryptorchidism was 6.1%, with half spontaneously descending within six months of birth, after which prevalence stabilized between 2.2 and 2.4%. The ever-reported prevalence of cryptorchidism at 1, 6, 12, or 24 months was 12.2%. Elastic net models identified PCB-74 (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.001-1.703), PCB-114 (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05-1.77), PCB-194 (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.53) and β-HCH (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03-1.53 (per interquartile range increase in concentration of EDCs) as best predictors of congenital cryptorchidism. No EDCs were selected for either recurrent or persistent cryptorchidism, and only PCB-194 was selected by elastic net for ever-reported cryptorchidism (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01-1.51), in contrast to unpenalized multivariable logistic regression, where most of the individual congeners of PCBs showed significant associations. CONCLUSION In the largest multi-pollutant analysis to date considering potential confounding from co-exposure to other chemicals, perinatal exposure to PCB-74, PCB-114, PCB-194 and β-HCH were associated with increased odds of congenital cryptorchidism. Many PCBs may falsely be associated with cryptorchidism when assessed individually, due to confounding by highly correlated chemicals. Experimental studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Assefa Desalegn
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tina K Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Characteristics associated with feeding organic foods during complementary feeding: the nationwide Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) birth cohort. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1215-1224. [PMID: 33331257 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic food consumption and its effects on health remain understudied in adults and in children. The aim of this study was to describe family characteristics associated with feeding infants organic foods during the complementary feeding period. The analysis included 9764 children from the French Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) birth cohort. In addition to telephone interviews conducted at 2, 12 and 24 months, a monthly questionnaire about milk feeding and complementary foods (including organic foods) was completed by parents between 3 and 10 months. Associations between family characteristics and feeding with organic foods during complementary feeding were analysed by multivariable multinomial logistic regression. Overall, 51 % of infants never consumed organic food during the complementary feeding period (up to 10 months), 24 % sometimes, 15 % often and 9 % always or almost always. As compared with infants never fed organic foods, those 'often' or 'always' fed organic foods were born to older mothers, with higher education level or family income, and lower pre-pregnancy BMI. As compared with never-smoking women, women who had stopped smoking before pregnancy were more likely to feed their infant organic foods. Feeding with organic foods was also related to long breast-feeding duration and later introduction to complementary foods. To conclude, associations between feeding with organic foods and family socio-economic position as well as infant feeding practices need to be considered when studying the impact of organic foods on children's health and development.
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16
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Simões-Wüst AP, Moltó-Puigmartí C, van Dongen MCJM, Thijs C. Organic food use, meat intake, and prevalence of gestational diabetes: KOALA birth cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4463-4472. [PMID: 34089368 PMCID: PMC8572217 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate whether consumption of organic food and reduced intake of meat products in pregnancy are associated with lower prevalence of gestational diabetes (GD). Methods Women participating in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study with valid informed consent, a singleton pregnancy and information on their food intake were considered in this cross-sectional analysis. Participants with and without GD were compared with each other in terms of dietary characteristics (n = 37 and n = 2766, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression (LR) was used to adjust for relevant covariates. Results Organic food consumption tended to be lower, although not significantly, in women with GD compared to women without GD, whereas consumption of meat was positively associated with GD prevalence. LR modelling showed that GD was significantly associated with higher consumption of meat and, in addition, also of cheese, after adjustment for other relevant covariates. GD was associated with some indicators of animal product intake, namely dietary animal to plant protein ratio and maternal plasma arachidonic acid (for the latter, data available for n = 16 and n = 1304, respectively). Food patterns of participants with GD were characterised by more meat products and less vegetarian products. Conclusions Due to the low number of participants with GD, results have to be interpreted cautiously. Consumption of organic food during pregnancy does not seem to be markedly associated with a lower GD prevalence; lower intake of meat and cheese, irrespective of its origin (organic or conventional), does. The latter supports previous studies suggesting a causal association between consumption of animal products and GD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02601-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Simões-Wüst
- Research Department, Clinic Arlesheim, Arlesheim, Switzerland. .,Department of Obstetrics, Zurich University Hospital, Schmelzbergstrasse 12/PF 125, Path G51a, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carolina Moltó-Puigmartí
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martien C J M van Dongen
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Meng Q, Qin G, Yao SK, Fan GH, Dong F, Tan C. Differences in dietary habits of people with vs without irritable bowel syndrome and their association with symptom and psychological status: A pilot study. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:2487-2502. [PMID: 33889614 PMCID: PMC8040167 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i11.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that dietary factors are involved in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the role of diet was evaluated mostly based on food frequency questionnaire. Whether food categories, quantity per time, and intake frequency are different between IBS patients and non-IBS individuals has not been clearly clarified. AIM To explore differences in dietary habits of people with vs without IBS and their correlation with symptom and psychological status. METHODS A total of 220 questionnaires were administered in a community population and the Rome IV criteria was applied to diagnose IBS. The dietary questionnaire used in this study was multidimensional from food categories, quantity per time, and intake frequency, in contrast to "yes or no" classification used in previous studies. Questionnaires including IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS), IBS quality of life, visceral sensitivity index, hospital anxiety and depression score (HADS), and gastrointestinal symptom rating scale were used to assess the participants. Rank sum test was used to compare the quantity per time and intake frequency between IBS patients and non-IBS participants. The correlation between psychological factors and diet was evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the possible dietary risk factors for IBS. RESULTS In total, 203 valid questionnaires were collected (response rate 92.3%). Twenty-five participants met the Rome IV criteria for IBS, including 15 (60.0%) women and 10 (40.0%) men. Compared with the non-IBS group, the quantity per time and intake frequency of soybean and its products, spicy food, and dry-fried nuts were statistically significant in IBS participants (P < 0.05). They were positively associated with IBS-SSS and HADS anxiety and depression scores (P < 0.05). Besides, seafood, soft drinks, vegetables, and fruits differed only in quantity per time. The intake frequencies of egg, barbecue, and coarse grain were statistically significant in IBS patients (P < 0.05). We also found that the frequency of soybean and its products (≥ 7 times/week, odds ratio = 11.613, 95% confidence interval: 2.145-62.855, P = 0.004) was an independent risk factor for IBS. CONCLUSION Both quantity per time and intake frequency, especially soybean, differ between IBS patients and non-IBS participants. Dietary habits might play potential roles in the pathophysiology of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Meng
- Graduate School, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Geng Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Graduate School, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guo-Hui Fan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fen Dong
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Tan
- Graduate School, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Ortega-García JA, Aguilar-Ros E, Ares-Segura S, Agüera-Arenas JJ, Pernas-Barahona A, Sáenz de Pipaón M, Campillo i López F, Ferrís i Tortajada J. Occupational exposures, diet and storing: Recommendations to reduce environmental pollutants in breastfeeding. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ortega-García JA, Aguilar-Ros E, Ares-Segura S, Agüera-Arenas JJ, Pernas-Barahona A, Sáenz de Pipaón M, Campillo I López F, Ferrís I Tortajada J. [Occupational exposures, diet and storing: Recommendations to reduce environmental pollutants in breastfeeding]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 94:261.e1-261.e9. [PMID: 33653657 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pollution of the planet also reaches the breastfeeding ecosystem, one of the most intimate and inviolable that links us as an animal species to the rest of mammals. Nursing mothers may be concerned about whether the quality of their milk will be adequate for their baby and whether environmental pollutants through work, diet, and storing may adversely affect their child. Breast milk is a source of exposure to environmental pollutants, and at the same time it counteracts much of the effects of these exposures. An approach based on the principles of reality and precaution of environmental health to avoid, reduce or eliminate the production and use of harmful chemicals during pregnancy and lactation would improve the human and planetary health for the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Ortega-García
- Comité de Salud Medioambiental, Asociación Española de Pediatría, Madrid, España; Unidad de Salud Medioambiental, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Environment and Human Health (EH(2)) Lab, IMIB-Murcia, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España.
| | - Estefanía Aguilar-Ros
- Comité de Salud Medioambiental, Asociación Española de Pediatría, Madrid, España; Unidad de Salud Medioambiental, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Environment and Human Health (EH(2)) Lab, IMIB-Murcia, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | - Susana Ares-Segura
- Comité de Nutrición y Lactancia Materna, Asociación Española de Pediatría, Madrid, España; Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - Juan José Agüera-Arenas
- Sección de Neonatología, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Almudena Pernas-Barahona
- Unidad de Salud Medioambiental, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Environment and Human Health (EH(2)) Lab, IMIB-Murcia, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | | | - Ferran Campillo I López
- Comité de Salud Medioambiental, Asociación Española de Pediatría, Madrid, España; Equip Pediàtric Territorial de la Garrotxa i el Ripollès, Unitat de Salut Mediambiental Pediàtrica, Fundació Hospital d'Olot i Comarcal de la Garrotxa, Olot, Girona, España
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Barański M, Średnicka-Tober D, Rempelos L, Hasanaliyeva G, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Skwarło-Sońta K, Królikowski T, Rembiałkowska E, Hajslova J, Schulzova V, Cakmak I, Ozturk L, Hallmann E, Seal C, Iversen PO, Vigar V, Leifert C. Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats-Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:377. [PMID: 33530419 PMCID: PMC7911726 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent human cohort studies reported positive associations between organic food consumption and a lower incidence of obesity, cancer, and several other diseases. However, there are very few animal and human dietary intervention studies that provide supporting evidence or a mechanistic understanding of these associations. Here we report results from a two-generation, dietary intervention study with male Wistar rats to identify the effects of feeds made from organic and conventional crops on growth, hormonal, and immune system parameters that are known to affect the risk of a number of chronic, non-communicable diseases in animals and humans. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to separate the effects of contrasting crop protection methods (use or non-use of synthetic chemical pesticides) and fertilizers (mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers vs. manure use) applied in conventional and organic crop production. Conventional, pesticide-based crop protection resulted in significantly lower fiber, polyphenol, flavonoid, and lutein, but higher lipid, aldicarb, and diquat concentrations in animal feeds. Conventional, mineral NPK-based fertilization resulted in significantly lower polyphenol, but higher cadmium and protein concentrations in feeds. Feed composition differences resulting from the use of pesticides and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer had a significant effect on feed intake, weight gain, plasma hormone, and immunoglobulin concentrations, and lymphocyte proliferation in both generations of rats and in the second generation also on the body weight at weaning. Results suggest that relatively small changes in dietary intakes of (a) protein, lipids, and fiber, (b) toxic and/or endocrine-disrupting pesticides and metals, and (c) polyphenols and other antioxidants (resulting from pesticide and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer use) had complex and often interactive effects on endocrine, immune systems and growth parameters in rats. However, the physiological responses to contrasting feed composition/intake profiles differed substantially between the first and second generations of rats. This may indicate epigenetic programming and/or the generation of "adaptive" phenotypes and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Barański
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Food and Rural Development, School of Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dominika Średnicka-Tober
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Food and Rural Development, School of Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Leonidas Rempelos
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Food and Rural Development, School of Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Gultakin Hasanaliyeva
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Food and Rural Development, School of Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, UK
- Department of Sustainable Crop and Food Protection, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Universita Catollica del Sacro Cuore, I-29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Skwarło-Sońta
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Królikowski
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Rembiałkowska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Institute of Chemical Technology, UCT Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Schulzova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Institute of Chemical Technology, UCT Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Ozturk
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ewelina Hallmann
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chris Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Per Ole Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa Vigar
- NatMed, Southern Cross University, Military Rd., Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Carlo Leifert
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Food and Rural Development, School of Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- SCU Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Military Rd., Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
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21
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Organic food consumption is associated with inflammatory biomarkers among older adults. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:4603-4613. [PMID: 33353578 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020005236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between organic food consumption and biomarkers of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and cystatin C (CysC) was explored in this cross-sectional analysis of older adults. DESIGN Dietary data and organic food consumption was collected in 2013 from a FFQ. Alternative Mediterranean diet score (A-MedDiet) was calculated as a measure of healthy eating. Biomarkers CRP and CysC were collected in serum or plasma in 2016. We used linear regression models to assess the associations between organic food consumption and CRP and CysC. SETTING This cross-sectional analysis uses data from the nationally representative, longitudinal panel study of Americans over 50, the Health and Retirement Study. PARTICIPANTS The mean age of the analytic sample (n 3815) was 64·3 (se 0·3) years with 54·4 % being female. RESULTS Log CRP and log CysC were inversely associated with consuming organic food after adjusting for potential confounders (CRP: β = -0·096, 95 % CI 0·159, -0·033; CysC: β = -0·033, 95 % CI -0·051, -0·015). Log CRP maintained statistical significance (β = -0·080; 95 % CI -0·144, -0·016) after additional adjustments for the A-MedDiet, while log CysC lost statistical significance (β = -0·019; 95 % CI -0·039, 0·000). The association between organic food consumption and log CRP was driven primarily by milk, fruit, vegetables and cereals, while log CysC was primarily driven by milk, eggs and meat after adjustments for A-MedDiet. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that organic food consumption is inversely associated with biomarkers of inflammation CRP and CysC, although residual confounding by healthy eating and socioeconomic status cannot be ruled out.
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Vigar V, Myers S, Oliver C, Arellano J, Robinson S, Leifert C. A Systematic Review of Organic Versus Conventional Food Consumption: Is There a Measurable Benefit on Human Health? Nutrients 2019; 12:E7. [PMID: 31861431 PMCID: PMC7019963 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review aims to systematically assess the evidence related to human health outcomes when an organic diet is consumed in comparison to its conventional counterpart. Relevant databases were searched for articles published to January 2019. Clinical trials and observational research studies were included where they provided comparative results on direct or indirect health outcomes. Thirty-five papers met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Few clinical trials assessed direct improvements in health outcomes associated with organic food consumption; most assessed either differences in pesticide exposure or other indirect measures. Significant positive outcomes were seen in longitudinal studies where increased organic intake was associated with reduced incidence of infertility, birth defects, allergic sensitisation, otitis media, pre-eclampsia, metabolic syndrome, high BMI, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The current evidence base does not allow a definitive statement on the health benefits of organic dietary intake. However, a growing number of important findings are being reported from observational research linking demonstrable health benefits with organic food consumption. Future clinical research should focus on using long-term whole-diet substitution with certified organic interventions as this approach is more likely to determine whether or not true measurable health benefits exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vigar
- NatMed Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia; (V.V.); (C.O.); (S.R.)
- Integria Healthcare, Eight Mile Plains QLD 4113, Australia
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia;
- Centre for Organics Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Stephen Myers
- NatMed Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia; (V.V.); (C.O.); (S.R.)
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia;
- Centre for Organics Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Christopher Oliver
- NatMed Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia; (V.V.); (C.O.); (S.R.)
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia;
- Centre for Organics Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia
- Oliver Nutrition Pty Ltd, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Jacinta Arellano
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Shelley Robinson
- NatMed Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia; (V.V.); (C.O.); (S.R.)
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia;
- Centre for Organics Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Carlo Leifert
- Centre for Organics Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia
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Tan C, Zhao Y, Wang S. Is a vegetarian diet safe to follow during pregnancy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:2586-2596. [PMID: 29621406 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1461062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Whether a vegetarian diet is appropriate for pregnancy remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between vegetarian diet during pregnancy and various maternal-fetal outcomes. Method: PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles published by August 30, 2017. Quantitative data were analyzed by a random-effects model with pooled odds ratios or weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval as aggregate estimations. Results: A total of 19 observational studies were identified for each of meta-analysis and narrative review. The overall estimated relation between vegetarian pregnancy and low birth weight (LBW) was marginally significant (1.27 (0.98, 1.65), P = 0.07, I2=0%). Asian (India/Nepal) vegetarian mothers exhibited increased risks to deliver a baby with LBW (1.33 (1.01, 1.76), P = 0.04, I2=0%). However, the WMD of neonatal birth weight in five studies suggested no difference between vegetarians and omnivores. Given the high heterogeneity of the included studies, lack of high-quality evidence, and limited studies included for each category, we failed to reach conclusive results regarding the risks of hypospadias, intrauterine growth retardation, maternal anemia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Asian vegetarian mothers presented increased risks to deliver babies with LBW than those of omnivores. Large-scale prospective studies focusing on pre- and/or early gestational nutrition will help clarify the correlation between vegetarian diet and various pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Health Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yudi Zhao
- Department of Computer Science, Volgenau School of Engineering , George Mason University , Fairfax , Virginia , USA
| | - Suqing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Health Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Academy for Preventive Medicine , Wuhan , 430060 , China
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Sunyach C, Antonelli B, Tardieu S, Marcot M, Perrin J, Bretelle F. Environmental Health in Perinatal and Early Childhood: Awareness, Representation, Knowledge and Practice of Southern France Perinatal Health Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102259. [PMID: 30326668 PMCID: PMC6211056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of adults of reproductive age as well as pregnant women and children to environmental contaminants is of particular concern, as it can impact fertility, in utero development, pregnancy outcomes and child health. Consequently, the World Health Organisation (WHO) and international societies advocate including Environmental Health (EH) in perinatal care, yet perinatal health professionals (HPs) hardly put these recommendations into practice. In 2017, a cross-sectional study was performed in a large panel of perinatal HPs in south-eastern France with the aim of painting a picture of their current attitudes, representation, knowledge, and training expectations. Quantitative and qualitative information was collected via auto-questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed by 962 participants, mainly midwives (41.1%), physicians (25.6%) and nursery nurses (11%). Indoor/outdoor air quality and endocrine disruptors were the best-mastered topics, whereas electromagnetic fields and diet gave rise to unsure responses. Overall, perinatal HPs were ill-trained and -informed about the reproductive risks linked to daily environmental exposure. HPs reported scarce knowledge, fear of patient reaction and lack of solutions as the main barriers to providing information regarding EH to the public. Our findings highlight the need to set up EH training programmes focused on scientific knowledge and to provide simple messages and tips to help perinatal HPs deliver advice to populations to mitigate exposure to environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Sunyach
- Aix Marseille, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, 13284 Marseille, France.
- Pôle Femmes-Parents-Enfants, Centre Pluridisciplinaire de Diagnostic Prénatal, AP-HM, 13915 Marseille, France.
- Réseau Méditerranée, Réseau de Périnatalité PACA, Corse, Monaco, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - Barbara Antonelli
- Réseau Méditerranée, Réseau de Périnatalité PACA, Corse, Monaco, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - Sophie Tardieu
- Santé Publique, Évaluation Médicale, AP-HM, Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France.
| | - Michele Marcot
- Réseau Méditerranée, Réseau de Périnatalité PACA, Corse, Monaco, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - Jeanne Perrin
- Aix Marseille, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, 13284 Marseille, France.
- Pôle Femmes-Parents-Enfants, Centre Clinico-Biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, AP-HM, 13915 Marseille, France.
| | - Florence Bretelle
- Pôle Femmes-Parents-Enfants, Centre Pluridisciplinaire de Diagnostic Prénatal, AP-HM, 13915 Marseille, France.
- Réseau Méditerranée, Réseau de Périnatalité PACA, Corse, Monaco, 13015 Marseille, France.
- Pôle Femmes-Parents-Enfants, Service Gynécologie-Obstétrique, AP-HM, Hôpital Nord, 13915 Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille-Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille Infection, 13284 Marseille, France.
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Chiu YH, Williams PL, Gillman MW, Hauser R, Rifas-Shiman SL, Bellavia A, Fleisch AF, Oken E, Chavarro JE. Maternal intake of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables in relation to fetal growth. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:421-428. [PMID: 30029096 PMCID: PMC6169789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of maternal intake of fruits and vegetables (FVs), considering pesticide residue levels, with fetal growth. METHODS We studied 1777 mothers (1275 white, 502 non-white) and their infants from Project Viva, a prospective pre-birth cohort (1999-2002). We categorized FVs as containing high or low pesticide residues using data from the US Department of Agriculture. We then used a food frequency questionnaire to estimate each participant's intake of high and low pesticide residue FVs in the first and second trimester. The primary outcomes were small-for-gestational-age (SGA; <10th percentile in birth-weight-for-gestational-age), large-for-gestational-age (LGA; ≥10th percentile in birth-weight-for-gestational-age) and preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks). We also evaluated whether the associations between high pesticide residue FV intake and birth outcomes were modified by race/ethnicity. RESULTS 5.5% of newborns were SGA, 13.7% were LGA, and 7.3% were preterm. Intakes of high or low pesticide residue FVs, regardless of pregnancy trimester, were not associated with risks of SGA, LGA, or preterm birth. In addition, the associations of high pesticide FV intake with SGA and LGA were not modified by race/ethnicity. However, we observed heterogeneity in the relationship between first trimester high pesticide FV intake and risk of preterm birth by race/ethnicity (P value for interaction = 0.01), although this relationship did not persist after correction for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni corrected level of significance: P < 2.8 × 10-3). CONCLUSIONS There were no clear associations between high or low pesticide FV intake during pregnancy with SGA, LGA or preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrea Bellavia
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abby F Fleisch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME 04101, USA; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME 04101, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Pestizidrückstände in Gemüse und Obst und Outcome bei Frauen unter ART. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-018-0176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Chiu YH, Williams PL, Gillman MW, Gaskins AJ, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Souter I, Toth TL, Ford JB, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Association Between Pesticide Residue Intake From Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment With Assisted Reproductive Technology. JAMA Intern Med 2018; 178:17-26. [PMID: 29084307 PMCID: PMC5814112 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Importance Animal experiments suggest that ingestion of pesticide mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations decreases the number of live-born offspring. Whether the same is true in humans is unknown. Objective To examine the association of preconception intake of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables (FVs) with outcomes of infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Design, Setting, and Participants This analysis included 325 women who completed a diet assessment and subsequently underwent 541 ART cycles in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) prospective cohort study (2007-2016) at a fertility center at a teaching hospital. We categorized FVs as having high or low pesticide residues using a validated method based on surveillance data from the US Department of Agriculture. Cluster-weighted generalized estimating equations were used to analyze associations of high- and low-pesticide residue FV intake with ART outcomes. Main Outcomes and Measures Adjusted probabilities of clinical pregnancy and live birth per treatment cycle. Results In the 325 participants (mean [SD] age, 35.1 [4.0] y; body mass index, 24.1 [4.3]), mean (SD) intakes of high- and low-pesticide residue FVs were 1.7 (1.0) and 2.8 (1.6) servings/d, respectively. Greater intake of high-pesticide residue FVs was associated with a lower probability of clinical pregnancy and live birth. Compared with women in the lowest quartile of high-pesticide FV intake (<1.0 servings/d), women in the highest quartile (≥2.3 servings/d) had 18% (95% CI, 5%-30%) lower probability of clinical pregnancy and 26% (95% CI, 13%-37%) lower probability of live birth. Intake of low-pesticide residue FVs was not significantly related to ART outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance Higher consumption of high-pesticide residue FVs was associated with lower probabilities of pregnancy and live birth following infertility treatment with ART. These data suggest that dietary pesticide exposure within the range of typical human exposure may be associated with adverse reproductive consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paige L. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew W. Gillman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- now with Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Audrey J. Gaskins
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Souter
- Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas L. Toth
- Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer B. Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Hurtado-Barroso S, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Organic food and the impact on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:704-714. [PMID: 29190113 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1394815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the production and consumption of organic food have increased steadily worldwide, despite the lower productivity of organic crops. Indeed, the population attributes healthier properties to organic food. Although scientific evidence is still scarce, organic agriculture seems to contribute to maintaining an optimal health status and decreases the risk of developing chronic diseases. This may be due to the higher content of bioactive compounds and lower content of unhealthy substances such as cadmium and synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in organic foods of plant origin compared to conventional agricultural products. Thus, large long-term intervention studies are needed to determine whether an organic diet is healthier than a diet including conventionally grown food products. This review provides an update of the present knowledge of the impact of an organic versus a conventional food diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain.,c INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain.,c INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain
| | - Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain.,c INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Abstract
Undescended testis - known as cryptorchidism - is one of the most common congenital abnormalities observed in boys, and is one of the few known risk factors for testicular cancer. The key factors that contribute to the occurrence of cryptorchidism remain elusive. Testicular descent is thought to occur during two hormonally-controlled phases in fetal development - between 8-15 weeks (the first phase of decent) and 25-35 weeks gestation (the second phase of descent); the failure of a testis to descend permanently is probably caused by disruptions to one or both of these phases, but the causes and mechanisms of such disruptions are still unclear. A broad range of putative risk factors have been evaluated in relation to the development of cryptorchidism but their plausibility is still in question. Consistent evidence of an association with cryptorchidism exists for only a few factors, and in those cases in which evidence seems unequivocal the factor is likely to be a surrogate for the true causal exposure. The relative importance of each risk factor could vary considerably between mother-son pairs depending on an array of genetic, maternal, placental and fetal factors - all of which could vary between regions. Thus, the role of causative factors in aetiology of cryptorchidism requires further research.
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Organic food consumption during pregnancy and its association with health-related characteristics: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. Public Health Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28625206 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of organic food consumption with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy, and several blood biomarkers of pregnant women. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Pregnant women were recruited at midwives' practices and through channels related to consumption of food from organic origin. SUBJECTS Pregnant women who filled in FFQ and donated a blood sample (n 1339). Participant groups were defined based on the share of consumed organic products; to discriminate between effects of food origin and food patterns, healthy diet indicators were considered in some statistical models. RESULTS Consumption of organic food was associated with a more favourable pre-pregnancy BMI and lower prevalence of gestational diabetes. Compared with participants consuming no organic food (reference group), a marker of dairy products intake (pentadecanoic acid) and trans-fatty acids from natural origin (vaccenic and rumenic acids) were higher among participants consuming organic food (organic groups), whereas elaidic acid, a marker of the intake of trans-fatty acids found in industrially hydrogenated fats, was lower. Plasma levels of homocysteine and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were lower in the organic groups than in the reference group. Differences in pentadecanoic acid, vaccenic acid and vitamin D retained statistical significance when correcting for indicators of the healthy diet pattern associated with the consumption of organic food. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of organic food during pregnancy is associated with several health-related characteristics and blood biomarkers. Part of the observed associations is explained by food patterns accompanying the consumption of organic food.
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Organic food consumption during pregnancy is associated with different consumer profiles, food patterns and intake: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:2134-2144. [PMID: 28560934 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out how the consumption of organic food during pregnancy is associated with consumer characteristics, dietary patterns and macro- and micronutrient intakes. DESIGN Cross-sectional description of consumer characteristics, dietary patterns and macro- and micronutrient intakes associated with consumption of organic food during pregnancy. SETTING Healthy, pregnant women recruited to a prospective cohort study at midwives' practices in the southern part of the Netherlands; to enrich the study with participants adhering to alternative lifestyles, pregnant women were recruited through various specific channels. SUBJECTS Participants who filled in questionnaires on food frequency in gestational week 34 (n 2786). Participant groups were defined based on the share of organic products within various food types. RESULTS Consumers of organic food more often adhere to specific lifestyle rules, such as vegetarianism or anthroposophy, than do participants who consume conventional food only (reference group). Consumption of organic food is associated with food patterns comprising more products of vegetable origin (soya/vegetarian products, vegetables, cereal products, bread, fruits, and legumes) and fewer animal products (milk and meat), sugar and potatoes than consumed in conventional diets. These differences translate into distinct intakes of macro- and micronutrients, including higher retinol, carotene, tocopherol and folate intakes, lower intakes of vitamin D and B12 and specific types of trans-fatty acids in the organic groups. These differences are seen even in groups with low consumption of organic food. CONCLUSIONS Various consumer characteristics, specific dietary patterns and types of food intake are associated with the consumption of organic food during pregnancy.
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Brantsæter AL, Ydersbond TA, Hoppin JA, Haugen M, Meltzer HM. Organic Food in the Diet: Exposure and Health Implications. Annu Rev Public Health 2017; 38:295-313. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The market for organic food products is growing rapidly worldwide. Such foods meet certified organic standards for production, handling, processing, and marketing. Most notably, the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and genetic modification is not allowed. One major reason for the increased demand is the perception that organic food is more environmentally friendly and healthier than conventionally produced food. This review provides an update on market data and consumer preferences for organic food and summarizes the scientific evidence for compositional differences and health benefits of organic compared with conventionally produced food. Studies indicate some differences in favor of organic food, including indications of beneficial health effects. Organic foods convey lower pesticide residue exposure than do conventionally produced foods, but the impact of this on human health is not clear. Comparisons are complicated by organic food consumption being strongly correlated with several indicators of a healthy lifestyle and by conventional agriculture “best practices” often being quite close to those of organic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, 0403 Norway;, ,
| | | | - Jane A. Hoppin
- Center for Human Health and Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, 0403 Norway;, ,
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, 0403 Norway;, ,
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Barański M, Rempelos L, Iversen PO, Leifert C. Effects of organic food consumption on human health; the jury is still out! Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1287333. [PMID: 28326003 PMCID: PMC5345585 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1287333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The most recent systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses have indicated significant and nutritionally-relevant composition differences between organic and conventional foods. This included higher antioxidant, but lower cadmium and pesticide levels in organic crops, and higher omega-3 fatty acids concentrations in organic meat and dairy products. Also, results from a small number of human cohort studies indicate that there are positive associations between organic food consumption and reduced risk/incidence of certain acute diseases (e.g. pre-eclampsia, hypospadias) and obesity. Concerns about potential negative health impacts of organic food consumption (e.g. risks linked to lower iodine levels in organic milk) have also been raised, but are not currently supported by evidence from human cohort studies. However, there is virtually no published data from (1) long-term cohort studies focusing on chronic diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions) and (2) controlled human dietary intervention studies comparing effects of organic and conventional diets. It is therefore currently not possible to quantify to what extent organic food consumption may affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Barański
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Leonidas Rempelos
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Per Ole Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Carlo Leifert
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
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Kilinc MF, Cakmak S, Demir DO, Doluoglu OG, Yildiz Y, Horasanli K, Dalkilic A. Does maternal exposure during pregnancy to higher ambient temperature increase the risk of hypospadias? J Pediatr Urol 2016; 12:407.e1-407.e6. [PMID: 27567375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between ambient temperature that the mother is exposed to during pregnancy and hypospadias has not been investigated by the studies, although the recent studies showed the correlation between some congenital malformations (congenital heart disease, neural tube defect, etc.) and ambient temperature. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the relation between hypospadias and the ambient temperatures that the mother is exposed to during her pregnancy. METHODS The data of patients with hypospadias that had their gestational periods in Ankara and Istanbul regions, and had other urological treatments (circumcision, urinary tract infection, pyeloplasty, nephrolithotomy, etc.) between January 2000 and November 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The ambient temperature at 8-14 weeks of gestation was investigated for each patient by reviewing the data of the General Directorate of Meteorology, since this period was risky for development of hypospadias. The data including ambient temperature that the pregnant mother was exposed to, maternal age, parity, economical status, gestational age at birth, and birth weight were compared between two groups. The retrospective nature of the study may be a potential source for selection bias. RESULTS The data of 1,709 children that had hypospadias repair and 4,946 children that had other urological treatments between 2000 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were no differences between the groups for maternal age, parity, economical status, gestational age at birth, and birth weight (Table). Analysis of exposed maximum and average ambient temperatures at 8-14 weeks of gestation revealed that July and August, hot periods in summer time, were more prevalent in the hypospadias group (p = 0.01). The average and maximum monthly ambient temperatures during summer increased the risk for hypospadias (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08-1.52; and OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.99-1.54, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we evaluated the relation between hypospadias and the ambient temperatures that the mother is exposed during her pregnancy. The results of this study indicated that the high ambient temperatures the mother and fetus are exposed to at 8-14 weeks of gestation increased the risk of hypospadias in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedat Cakmak
- Department of Urology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Yildiray Yildiz
- Department of Urology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaya Horasanli
- Department of Urology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Dalkilic
- Department of Urology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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35
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The effectiveness of the Danish Organic Action Plan 2020 to increase the level of organic public procurement in Danish public kitchens. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:3428-3435. [PMID: 27373981 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the effect of organic food conversion projects on the percentage of organic food used in Danish public kitchens participating in the Danish Organic Action Plan 2020. DESIGN The current longitudinal study was based on measurements of organic food percentages in Danish public kitchens before and after kitchen employees participated in conversion projects. SETTING Public kitchens participating in the nine organic food conversion projects under the Danish Organic Action Plan 2020, initiated during autumn 2012 and spring 2013 and completed in summer 2015. SUBJECTS A total of 622 public kitchens. RESULTS The average (median) increase in organic food percentage from baseline to follow-up was 24 percentage points (P<0·001) during an overall median follow-up period of 1·5 years. When analysing data according to public kitchen type, the increase remained significant for seven out of eight kitchens. Furthermore, the proportion of public kitchens eligible for the Organic Cuisine Label in either silver (60-90 % organic food procurement) or gold (90-100 % organic food procurement) level doubled from 31 % to 62 %, respectively, during the conversion period. Conversion project curriculum mostly included elements of 'theory', 'menu planning', 'network' and 'Organic Cuisine Label method' to ensure successful implementation. CONCLUSIONS The study reports significant increases in the level of organic food procurement among public kitchens participating in the Danish Organic Action Plan 2020. Recommendations for future organic conversion projects include adding key curriculum components to the project's educational content and measuring changes in organic food percentage to increase the chances of successful implementation.
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36
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Średnicka-Tober D, Barański M, Seal CJ, Sanderson R, Benbrook C, Steinshamn H, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Rembiałkowska E, Skwarło-Sońta K, Eyre M, Cozzi G, Larsen MK, Jordon T, Niggli U, Sakowski T, Calder PC, Burdge GC, Sotiraki S, Stefanakis A, Stergiadis S, Yolcu H, Chatzidimitriou E, Butler G, Stewart G, Leifert C. Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, α-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1043-60. [PMID: 26878105 PMCID: PMC4838834 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Demand for organic milk is partially driven by consumer perceptions that it is more nutritious. However, there is still considerable uncertainty over whether the use of organic production standards affects milk quality. Here we report results of meta-analyses based on 170 published studies comparing the nutrient content of organic and conventional bovine milk. There were no significant differences in total SFA and MUFA concentrations between organic and conventional milk. However, concentrations of total PUFA and n-3 PUFA were significantly higher in organic milk, by an estimated 7 (95 % CI -1, 15) % and 56 (95 % CI 38, 74) %, respectively. Concentrations of α-linolenic acid (ALA), very long-chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA+DPA+DHA) and conjugated linoleic acid were also significantly higher in organic milk, by an 69 (95 % CI 53, 84) %, 57 (95 % CI 27, 87) % and 41 (95 % CI 14, 68) %, respectively. As there were no significant differences in total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) concentrations, the n-6:n-3 and LA:ALA ratios were lower in organic milk, by an estimated 71 (95 % CI -122, -20) % and 93 (95 % CI -116, -70) %. It is concluded that organic bovine milk has a more desirable fatty acid composition than conventional milk. Meta-analyses also showed that organic milk has significantly higher α-tocopherol and Fe, but lower I and Se concentrations. Redundancy analysis of data from a large cross-European milk quality survey indicates that the higher grazing/conserved forage intakes in organic systems were the main reason for milk composition differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Średnicka-Tober
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm,
Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7XD,
UK
- Department of Functional and Organic Food and Commodities, Faculty of
Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life
Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw
02-776, Poland
| | - Marcin Barański
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm,
Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7XD,
UK
| | - Chris J. Seal
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Human
Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University,
Agriculture Building, Kings Road,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Roy Sanderson
- School of Biology, Newcastle University,
Ridley Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, UK
| | - Charles Benbrook
- Benbrook Consulting Services, 90063 Troy Road,
Enterprise, OR 97828, USA
| | - Håvard Steinshamn
- Food and Agriculture Division-Grassland and Forage,
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO),
Gunnars veg 6, N-6630 Tingvoll,
Norway
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer
Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences,
Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776,
Poland
| | - Ewa Rembiałkowska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food and Commodities, Faculty of
Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life
Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw
02-776, Poland
| | - Krystyna Skwarło-Sońta
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology,
University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1,
Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Mick Eyre
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm,
Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7XD,
UK
| | - Giulio Cozzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health,
University of Padua, Viale dell’ Università
19, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mette Krogh Larsen
- Department of Food Science-Food Chemistry & Technology,
Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20,
Building F20/8845, 8830 Tjele,
Denmark
| | - Teresa Jordon
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm,
Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7XD,
UK
| | - Urs Niggli
- Research Institute for Organic Agriculture (FiBL),
Ackerstrasse 113, CH-5070 Frick,
Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Sakowski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish
Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Postępu 36,
Magdalenka 05-552, Poland
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Southampton, Southampton SO16
6YD, UK
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Southampton, Southampton SO16
6YD, UK
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF),
Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki,
Thermi 57001, Thessaloniki,
Greece
| | - Alexandros Stefanakis
- National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF),
Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki,
Thermi 57001, Thessaloniki,
Greece
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm,
Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7XD,
UK
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Centre for
Dairy Research, Food Production and Quality Division,
University of Reading, PO Box 237,
Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR,
UK
| | - Halil Yolcu
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm,
Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7XD,
UK
- Kelkit Aydin Vocational Training School, Gumushane
University, 29600 Kelkit, Gumushane,
Turkey
| | - Eleni Chatzidimitriou
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm,
Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7XD,
UK
| | - Gillian Butler
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm,
Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7XD,
UK
| | - Gavin Stewart
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm,
Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7XD,
UK
| | - Carlo Leifert
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm,
Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7XD,
UK
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Potera C. Eating for Two: Does an Organic Diet Make a Difference? ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:A55. [PMID: 26930698 PMCID: PMC4786971 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.124-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Potera
- Carol Potera, based in Montana, also writes for Microbe, Genetic Engineering News, and the American Journal of Nursing
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