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Cleary EM, Kniss DA, Fette LM, Hughes BL, Saade GR, Dinsmoor MJ, Reddy UM, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Varner MW, Goodnight WH, Tita ATN, Swamy GK, Heyborne KD, Chien EK, Chauhan SP, El-Sayed YY, Casey BM, Parry S, Simhan HN, Napolitano PG. The Association between Prenatal Nicotine Exposure and Offspring's Hearing Impairment. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e119-e125. [PMID: 36007918 PMCID: PMC9958273 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate whether there is an association between in-utero exposure to nicotine and subsequent hearing dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among gravidas with primary CMV infection was conducted. Monthly intravenous immunoglobulin hyperimmune globulin therapy did not influence the rate of congenital CMV. Dyads with missing urine, fetal or neonatal demise, infants diagnosed with a major congenital anomaly, congenital CMV infection, or with evidence of middle ear dysfunction were excluded. The primary outcome was neonatal hearing impairment in one or more ears defined as abnormal distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs; 1 to 8 kHz) that were measured within 42 days of birth. DPOAEs were interpreted using optimized frequency-specific level criteria. Cotinine was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in maternal urine collected at enrollment and in the third trimester (mean gestational age 16.0 and 36.7 weeks, respectively). Blinded personnel ran samples in duplicates. Maternal urine cotinine >5 ng/mL at either time point was defined as in-utero exposure to nicotine. Multivariable logistic regression included variables associated with the primary outcome and with the exposure (p < 0.05) in univariate analysis. RESULTS Of 399 enrolled patients in the original trial, 150 were included in this analysis, of whom 46 (31%) were exposed to nicotine. The primary outcome occurred in 18 (12%) newborns and was higher in nicotine-exposed infants compared with those nonexposed (15.2 vs. 10.6%, odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-4.20), but the difference was not significantly different (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.0, 95% CI 0.30-3.31). This association was similar when exposure was stratified as heavy (>100 ng/mL, aOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.15-3.51) or mild (5-100 ng/mL, aOR 1.28, 95% CI 0.33-4.95). There was no association between nicotine exposure and frequency-specific DPOAE amplitude. CONCLUSION In a cohort of parturients with primary CMV infection, nicotine exposure was not associated with offspring hearing dysfunction assessed with DPOAEs. KEY POINTS · Nicotine exposure was quantified from maternal urine.. · Nicotine exposure was identified in 30% of the cohort.. · Exposure was not associated with offspring hearing dysfunction..
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Cleary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Douglas A Kniss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lida M Fette
- George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | | | - Uma M Reddy
- the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Alan T N Tita
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Kent D Heyborne
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Suneet P Chauhan
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Brian M Casey
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Samuel Parry
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hyagriv N Simhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter G Napolitano
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, District of Columbia
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Puga TB, Dai HD, Wang Y, Theye E. Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy and Child Neurocognitive Development. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2355952. [PMID: 38349651 PMCID: PMC10865146 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Maternal tobacco use during pregnancy (MTDP) persists across the globe. Longitudinal assessment of the association of MTDP with neurocognitive development of offspring at late childhood is limited. Objectives To examine whether MTDP is associated with child neurocognitive development at ages 9 to 12 years. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included children aged 9 and 10 years at wave 1 (October 2016 to October 2018) and aged 11 to 12 years at a 2-year follow-up (wave 2, August 2018 to January 2021) across 21 US sites in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Data were analyzed from June 2022 to December 2023. Exposure MTDP. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes of interest were neurocognition, measured by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery, and morphometric brain measures through the region of interest (ROI) analysis from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). Results Among 11 448 children at wave 1 (mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.6] years; 5990 [52.3%] male), 1607 children were identified with MTDP. In the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, children with MTDP (vs no MTDP) exhibited lower scores on the oral reading recognition (mean [SE] B = -1.2 [0.2]; P < .001), picture sequence memory (mean [SE] B = -2.3 [0.6]; P < .001), and picture vocabulary (mean [SE] B = -1.2 [0.3]; P < .001) tests and the crystallized cognition composite score (mean [SE] B = -1.3 [0.3]; P < .001) at wave 1. These differential patterns persisted at wave 2. In sMRI, children with MTDP (vs no MTDP) had smaller cortical areas in precentral (mean [SE] B = -104.2 [30.4] mm2; P = .001), inferior parietal (mean [SE] B = -153.9 [43.4] mm2; P < .001), and entorhinal (mean [SE] B = -25.1 [5.8] mm2; P < .001) regions and lower cortical volumes in precentral (mean [SE] B = -474.4 [98.2] mm3; P < .001), inferior parietal (mean [SE] B = -523.7 [136.7] mm3; P < .001), entorhinal (mean [SE] B = -94.1 [24.5] mm3; P < .001), and parahippocampal (mean [SE] B = -82.6 [18.7] mm3; P < .001) regions at wave 1. Distinct cortical volume patterns continued to be significant at wave 2. Frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes exhibited differential ROI, while there were no notable distinctions in the occipital lobe and insula cortex. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, MTDP was associated with enduring deficits in childhood neurocognition. Continued research on the association of MTDP with cognitive performance and brain structure related to language processing skills and episodic memory is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy B. Puga
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Yingying Wang
- Neuroimaging for Language, Literacy & Learning Laboratory, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln
| | - Elijah Theye
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
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Boerma T, Ter Haar S, Ganga R, Wijnen F, Blom E, Wierenga CJ. What risk factors for Developmental Language Disorder can tell us about the neurobiological mechanisms of language development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105398. [PMID: 37741516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Language is a complex multidimensional cognitive system that is connected to many neurocognitive capacities. The development of language is therefore strongly intertwined with the development of these capacities and their neurobiological substrates. Consequently, language problems, for example those of children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), are explained by a variety of etiological pathways and each of these pathways will be associated with specific risk factors. In this review, we attempt to link previously described factors that may interfere with language development to putative underlying neurobiological mechanisms of language development, hoping to uncover openings for future therapeutical approaches or interventions that can help children to optimally develop their language skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessel Boerma
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sita Ter Haar
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cognitive Neurobiology and Helmholtz Institute, Department of Psychology, Utrecht University/Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachida Ganga
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Wijnen
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elma Blom
- Department of Development and Education of youth in Diverse Societies (DEEDS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Language and Culture, The Arctic University of Norway UiT, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Richard C, Jeanvoine A, Stark AR, Hague K, Kjeldsen C, Maitre NL. Randomized Trial to Increase Speech Sound Differentiation in Infants Born Preterm. J Pediatr 2022; 241:103-108.e3. [PMID: 34710395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether infant-directed foreign language active learning would specifically increase speech sound differentiation to the intervention language while not decreasing differentiation in response to English. STUDY DESIGN Pilot randomized controlled trial of stable infants born preterm in the newborn intensive care unit with normal auditory brainstem responses, whose parents spoke only English and had no musical training or familial hearing abnormality. Assignment was to 1 of 3 groups: passive exposure to English infant-directed lullabies and readings (English-enrichment, control group) and contingent exposure by active sucking on a sensor-equipped pacifier to either infant-directed French lullabies and readings (English environment, French-contingent learning group) or infant-directed Mandarin lullabies and readings (English environment, Chinese-contingent learning group). The main outcome measures were preintervention and postintervention event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to standardized speech syllables in each language. RESULTS Forty-one subjects completed the study, including 15 in the English-enrichment control group and 13 each in the French-contingent and Chinese-contingent groups. The median gestational age at birth was 34 weeks (IQR, 8.75 weeks); postmenstrual age at intervention ranged from 36 to 46 weeks and was similar across the 3 groups. Postintervention mean ERP amplitude to pairs of English speech sounds did not differ across the 3 groups; however, ERP amplitude in French sound differentiation was greater in the French-contingent group than in the Chinese-contingent or English-enrichment groups, and ERP amplitude greater in Chinese sound differentiation was greater in the Chinese-contingent group compared with the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION Contingent infant-directed foreign language exposure increased speech sound differentiation specific to the intervention language and did not decrease differentiation in response to English. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03232931.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Richard
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Arnaud Jeanvoine
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Ann R Stark
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Kaleigh Hague
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Caitlin Kjeldsen
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Nathalie L Maitre
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Jackson DB, Testa A. Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Early Language Difficulties among U.S. Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6489. [PMID: 34208503 PMCID: PMC8296409 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) is a serious public health concern with the potential to interfere with various components of healthy child development. Even so, there has been limited nationally representative research investigating these connections. The current study examines the relationship between ETS and language difficulties among toddlers and preschool-aged children in the United States. Method: Data are derived from the 2018 National Survey of Children's Health and facilitate strategic comparisons between different forms of ETS-namely, children who live with family members who smoke vs. children whose family members smoke inside the housing unit. Results: The findings reveal a robust association between family members smoking inside the housing unit and both receptive and expressive language difficulties, but only among male children. After adjusting for covariates, smoking inside the housing unit is associated with a 182% increase in the rate of early composite language difficulties among male children. These associations persist even when compared to male children who live with smoking family members who do not smoke inside the housing unit. Conclusions: The findings suggest a need for interventions designed to reduce ETS in households with young children and increase targeted language skill training for vulnerable children in an effort to enhance child development and well-being. To maximize this effort, we advocate for interdisciplinary teams, including medical and public health practitioners, educators, and researchers, to work together to develop and implement evidence-based strategies to limit ETS in homes and facilitate healthy language development among young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B. Jackson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
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Smith J, Levickis P, Neilson R, Mensah F, Goldfeld S, Bryson H. Prevalence of language and pre-literacy difficulties in an Australian cohort of 5-year-old children experiencing adversity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2021; 56:389-401. [PMID: 33704873 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early reading success is predicated on language and pre-literacy skills. Children who are behind their peers in language and pre-literacy development before formal schooling are less likely to be proficient beginner readers, and difficulties may persist throughout primary school and beyond. We know children experiencing adversity are at greater risk of early language and pre-literacy difficulties; we do not know the prevalence of these difficulties in an Australian adversity context. AIMS To investigate the prevalence and co-occurrence of language and pre-literacy difficulties in a cohort of Australian 5-year-old children experiencing social adversity. METHODS & PROCEDURES Data were drawn from a large Australian community-based trial of nurse home visiting (right@home), which aimed to support women experiencing social adversity from pregnancy until their child turned 2 years of age. Social adversity was determined by two of more risk factors: young pregnancy, not living with another adult, no support, poorer health, current smoker, long-term illness, anxious mood, not finishing high school, no household income and no previous employment. Children whose mothers were enrolled in the control group (receiving usual maternal and child healthcare) were included in the current study (n = 359). Language and pre-literacy skills were measured at age 5 using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamental Preschool-Second Edition (CELF-P2) and the School Entry Alphabetic and Phonological Awareness Readiness Test (SEAPART). Language difficulties were defined as ≥ 1.25 standard deviations (SD) below the Australian normative mean on CELF-P2 Core Language scores. Pre-literacy difficulties were defined as children scoring in the Beginner (versus Developing or Competent) criterion-referenced level on the SEAPART First Sound Identification and/or Alphabet Letter Identification subtests. Co-occurrence of language and pre-literacy difficulties was also determined. OUTCOMES & RESULTS At the 5-year follow-up, 201/359 (56%) children were assessed (mean age = 5.1 years, SD = 0.1). Mean Core Language score for this cohort (91.8, SD = 15.9) was 0.54 SD below the normative mean (100, SD = 15). The proportion of children presenting with language difficulties was 24.9%. Regarding pre-literacy skills, 43.8% of children were 'Beginner' for identifying first sounds and 58.6% for identifying alphabet letters/sounds. There was also considerable overlap whereby 76.7% of children with language difficulties also exhibited pre-literacy difficulties. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS This is the first empirical Australian-based study highlighting the high prevalence and co-occurrence of language and pre-literacy difficulties in preschool children experiencing social adversity. Clinicians should be aware of co-morbid language and pre-literacy difficulties in disadvantaged populations and consider both areas during assessment and intervention planning. What this paper adds What is already known on the subject The prevalence of language and literacy difficulties is substantially higher in cohorts experiencing social adversity when compared with more advantaged families. There is some evidence that adversity also contributes to pre-literacy difficulties, but less is known here. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This study presents new prevalence data showing high rates of language and pre-literacy difficulties for 5-year-old children experiencing adversity within an Australian context. It is the first to explore these skills in a large cohort of pre-schoolers recruited from community settings in Australia. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? In this cohort experiencing adversity, most children who presented with language difficulties likewise exhibited pre-literacy difficulties. This concordance reflects how early oral language and pre-literacy skills develop together. Clinicians should assess both skills in preschool populations-especially those working with children experiencing adversity-to ensure all children have strong foundations to become proficient beginner readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Smith
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Penny Levickis
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roslyn Neilson
- Language, Speech and Literacy Services, Jamberoo, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Mensah
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon Goldfeld
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah Bryson
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Micalizzi L, Marceau K, Evans AS, Brick LA, Palmer RHC, Heath AC, Knopik VS. A sibling-comparison study of smoking during pregnancy and risk for reading-related problems. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 84:106961. [PMID: 33577969 PMCID: PMC7965354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This research examines the relationship between smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and risk for reading related problems in siblings discordant for exposure to SDP. Data (N = 173 families) were drawn from the Missouri Mothers and Their Children study, a sample, identified using birth records (years 1998-2005), in which mothers changed her smoking behavior between two pregnancies (Child 1 [older sibling]: M = 12.99; Child 2 [younger sibling]: M = 10.19). A sibling comparison approach was used, providing a robust test for the association between SDP and reading related outcomes in school-aged children. Results suggested within-family (i.e., potentially causal) associations between SDP and reading and language/comprehension factor scores, as well as between SDP and specific reading-related skills, including reading accuracy and receptive language, with increased exposure to SDP associated with decreased performance. SDP was not associated with spelling, reading rate, or receptive vocabulary. Initial within-family associations between SDP and word-letter identification, phonetic/decoding skills, and reading comprehension were fully attenuated following partial control for genetic and environmental confounding of the associations. These findings indicate that exposure to SDP is associated with poorer performance on some, but not all skills assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Micalizzi
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America.
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1202 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Allison S Evans
- Concord Comprehensive Neuropsychological Services, 86 Baker Avenue Extension #301, Concord, MA 01742, United States of America
| | - Leslie A Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906, United States of America
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1202 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
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Shah S, Jeong KS, Park H, Hong YC, Kim Y, Kim B, Chang N, Kim S, Kim Y, Kim BN, Kwon H, Bae S, Kim HC, Leem JH, Park EK, Joo H, Park B, Ha M, Ha E. Environmental pollutants affecting children's growth and development: Collective results from the MOCEH study, a multi-centric prospective birth cohort in Korea. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105547. [PMID: 32088541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mothers and Children's Environmental Health study (MOCEH) is a multi-centric prospective birth cohort study investigating effects of various environmental pollutants like heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, air pollutants, nutrition and lifestyle on birth outcomes, growth and development, health and disease of children. In this study, we report all the outcomes from the MOCEH study describing the different environmental pollutants affecting children's health and disease. METHODS In MOCEH study, 1,751 pregnant women in their first trimester were recruited at 3 centers from 2006 to 2010 in South Korea. The children were followed from birth up to 6 years. Information on health outcomes of children including birth parameters, demographic characteristics, medical and child-rearing history, and nutritional status, were repeatedly obtained through the follow-ups by questionnaires administration, clinical evaluation, and biological specimen collection and measurements. Prenatal and postnatal measurement in biospecimen, i.e., lead, mercury, cadmium, manganese, 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, malonadialdehyde, hippuric acid, bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites, and measurement in air samples, i.e., particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and total volatile organic compounds were performed. RESULTS The results show the adverse effect of prenatal exposure to heavy metals like mercury, lead and cadmium on children's physical, cognitive and neurobehavioral development. Exposure to endocrine disruptors, air pollution, second hand smoke, and mother's lifestyle during pregnancy affects children's growth and development. We also identified specific window periods of exposure of pollutants significantly related to children's health outcomes. CONCLUSION The collective results from MOCEH study provide strong scientific evidence that exposures to prenatal and postnatal environmental pollutants have a negative effect on growth and development of children, which will be useful in implementing effective national policy to improve children's environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Shah
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Namsoo Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suejin Kim
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Han Leem
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyo Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Joo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Miller JS, Anderson JG, Erwin PC, Davis SK, Lindley LC. The Effects of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome on Language Delay from Birth to 10 Years. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 51:67-74. [PMID: 31923742 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the longitudinal effects of a history of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) on language development over the first 10 years of life. DESIGN AND METHODS This study used a retrospective, longitudinal design. The data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to examine the effects of NAS on language delay over time while controlling for demographic, prenatal, and household factors. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the pattern of language delays over time between the NAS and non-NAS groups. At the age of 5 (est: -1.788, p < .001), children with a history of NAS had a decreased log odds of developing language delays than those without NAS. Conversely, compared with age 1, at the age of 10 (est: 1.098 p < .001), children with a history of NAS had an increased log odds of developing language delays than those without NAS. CONCLUSIONS Children with a history of NAS had significantly different rates of language delays over time. Children with a history of NAS had significantly higher rates of language delays at 10 years than children without NAS. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS There is a need to increase developmental surveillance, along with referrals for specialized services, for children with a history of NAS through middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Shearer Miller
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
| | - Joel G Anderson
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
| | - Paul Campbell Erwin
- School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
| | - Sharon K Davis
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
| | - Lisa C Lindley
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
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10
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Cortesa CS, Hudac CM, Molfese DL. Dynamic effects of habituation and novelty detection on newborn event-related potentials. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 199:104695. [PMID: 31610478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Newborns habituate to repeated auditory stimuli, and discriminate syllables, generating opportunities for early language learning. This study investigated trial-by-trial changes in newborn electrophysiological responses to auditory speech syllables as an index of habituation and novelty detection. Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 16 term newborn infants, aged 1-3 days, in response to monosyllabic speech syllables presented during habituation and novelty detection tasks. Multilevel models demonstrated that newborns habituated to repeated auditory syllables, as ERP amplitude attenuated for a late-latency component over successive trials. Subsequently, during the novelty detection task, early- and late-latency component amplitudes decreased over successive trials for novel syllables only, indicating encoding of the novel speech syllable. We conclude that newborns dynamically encoded novel syllables over relatively short time periods, as indicated by a systematic change in response patterns with increased exposure. These results have important implications for understanding early precursors of learning and memory in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn S Cortesa
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln NE 68588, USA; University of Nebraska-Lincoln Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, C89 East Stadium, Lincoln NE 68588, USA.
| | - Caitlin M Hudac
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln NE 68588, USA; University of Nebraska-Lincoln Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, C89 East Stadium, Lincoln NE 68588, USA
| | - Dennis L Molfese
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln NE 68588, USA; University of Nebraska-Lincoln Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, C89 East Stadium, Lincoln NE 68588, USA
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11
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D'Souza S, Crawford CN, Buckley J, Underwood L, Peterson ER, Bird A, Morton SMB, Waldie KE. Antenatal determinants of early childhood talking delay and behavioural difficulties. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 57:101388. [PMID: 31634704 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The determinants of talking delay alone or its comorbidity with behavioural difficulties was examined in 5768 two-year-old members of the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal study. Using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development inventories and the total difficulties score from the preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, a composite measure was created so that children were categorised as showing no language or behavioural concerns (72.5%), behavioural only difficulties (6.1%), language only difficulties (18.1%), and comorbid language and behavioural difficulties (3.3%). Analyses revealed that antenatal factors such as maternal perceived stress, inadequate folate intake, vitamin intake, alcohol consumption during the first trimester and maternal smoking all had a significant effect on child outcomes. In particular, low multivitamin intake and perceived stress during pregnancy were associated with coexisting language and behavioural difficulties. These findings support international research in showing that maternal factors during pregnancy are associated with developmental outcomes in the early childhood period, and demonstrate these associations within a NZ context. Interventions which address maternal stress management and health behaviours during pregnancy could be beneficial to offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D'Souza
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jude Buckley
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Underwood
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth R Peterson
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amy Bird
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan M B Morton
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Waldie
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Iyen B, Vaz LR, Taggar J, Cooper S, Lewis S, Coleman T. Is the apparently protective effect of maternal nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) used in pregnancy on infant development explained by smoking cessation?: secondary analyses of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024923. [PMID: 31300493 PMCID: PMC6629395 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate relationships between maternal smoking status in pregnancy and infant development. The largest randomised controlled trial of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation in pregnancy, the smoking, nicotine and pregnancy (SNAP) trial, found that at 1 month after randomisation, smoking cessation rates were doubled in the NRT group compared with the placebo group. At delivery, there was no significant difference in cessation rates between groups. Surprisingly, infants born to women randomised to NRT were more likely to have unimpaired development at 2 years. We hypothesised that this apparently protective effect was due to smoking cessation caused by NRT and so, investigate this relationship using the same cohort. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. SETTING Seven antenatal hospitals in the Midlands and North-West England. PARTICIPANTS Eight hundred and eighty-four pregnant smokers randomised to receive either NRT patches or visually-identical placebo in the SNAP trial. Participants' smoking behaviour were recorded at randomisation, 1 month after their target quit date and at delivery. METHODS Using logistic regression models, we investigated associations between participants' smoking measures and infant development (assessed using the Ages and Stages questionnaire) at 2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 2 year infant development. RESULTS Developmental impairment was reported for 12.7% of study 2 year olds. Maternal heaviness of smoking at randomisation (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.96, p=0.091), validated smoking abstinence recorded at 1 month after a quit date (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.60 to 1.74, p=0.914) and validated smoking abstinence recorded at both 1 month after a quit date and at the end of pregnancy (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.85, p=0.795) were not independently associated with infant developmental impairment at 2 years. CONCLUSION We found no evidence that NRT treatment improved infants' developmental outcomes through smoking cessation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTA03057/0002/001-0001; Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Iyen
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luis R Vaz
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jaspal Taggar
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sue Cooper
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarah Lewis
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tim Coleman
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Early Development of Children in Rural Guizhou Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122866. [PMID: 30558202 PMCID: PMC6313710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a substantial body of evidence supporting the association between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and child development, but the association between prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and early child development has not been well documented. This cross-sectional study examines the association between prenatal exposure to ETS and the development of children in their first two years of life. METHODS We interviewed the primary caregivers of 446 children under two years old in rural Guizhou Province, China. Based on self-reported assessments about whether the mother was exposed to ETS during pregnancy, we divided the children into the ETS-exposed group or the non-exposed group. Sociodemographic information was collected through a questionnaire. The cognitive, language, motor, and socioemotional abilities of children were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III). A multivariate linear regression model adjusting for confounding variables was used to estimate the association of interest. RESULTS About 60% of mothers experienced ETS exposure during pregnancy. Cognitive and language scores were lower among children in the ETS-exposed group. When adjusting for characteristics of the child, the mother, the household, and village fixed effects, prenatal exposure to ETS was associated with lower cognition scores (-3.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): -6.39 to -0.42; p = 0.03) and language scores (-3.01; 95% CI: -5.39 to -0.09; p = 0.04). Frequency of prenatal exposure to ETS was also negatively associated with language development (-0.48; 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.09; p = 0.02) before children reached two years old. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to ETS is negatively associated with the cognitive and language development of rural young children within their first two years of life. The government should take action to raise public awareness about the negative effects of tobacco use, with an emphasis on the protection of pregnant women and their children, in order to carry through comprehensive smoke-free laws in rural areas, while also increasing tobacco taxation.
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Camellia sinensis Prevents Perinatal Nicotine-Induced Neurobehavioral Alterations, Tissue Injury, and Oxidative Stress in Male and Female Mice Newborns. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5985219. [PMID: 28588748 PMCID: PMC5447281 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5985219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine exposure during pregnancy induces oxidative stress and leads to behavioral alterations in early childhood and young adulthood. The current study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) against perinatal nicotine-induced behavioral alterations and oxidative stress in mice newborns. Pregnant mice received 50 mg/kg C. sinensis on gestational day 1 (PD1) to postnatal day 15 (D15) and were subcutaneously injected with 0.25 mg/kg nicotine from PD12 to D15. Nicotine-exposed newborns showed significant delay in eye opening and hair appearance and declined body weight at birth and at D21. Nicotine induced neuromotor alterations in both male and female newborns evidenced by the suppressed righting, rotating, and cliff avoidance reflexes. Nicotine-exposed newborns exhibited declined memory, learning, and equilibrium capabilities, as well as marked anxiety behavior. C. sinensis significantly improved the physical development, neuromotor maturation, and behavioral performance in nicotine-exposed male and female newborns. In addition, C. sinensis prevented nicotine-induced tissue injury and lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant defenses in the cerebellum and medulla oblongata of male and female newborns. In conclusion, this study shows that C. sinensis confers protective effects against perinatal nicotine-induced neurobehavioral alterations, tissue injury, and oxidative stress in mice newborns.
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15
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Baumann VJ, Koch U. Perinatal nicotine exposure impairs the maturation of glutamatergic inputs in the auditory brainstem. J Physiol 2017; 595:3573-3590. [PMID: 28190266 DOI: 10.1113/jp274059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Chronic perinatal nicotine exposure causes abnormal auditory brainstem responses and auditory processing deficits in children and animal models. The effect of perinatal nicotine exposure on synaptic maturation in the auditory brainstem was investigated in granule cells in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, which receive a single calyx-like input from the cochlear nucleus. Perinatal nicotine exposure caused a massive reduction in the amplitude of the excitatory input current. This caused a profound decrease in the number and temporal precision of spikes in these neurons. Perinatal nicotine exposure delayed the developmental downregulation of functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on these neurons. ABSTRACT Maternal smoking causes chronic nicotine exposure during early development and results in auditory processing deficits including delayed speech development and learning difficulties. Using a mouse model of chronic, perinatal nicotine exposure we explored to what extent synaptic inputs to granule cells in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus are affected by developmental nicotine treatment. These neurons receive one large calyx-like input from octopus cells in the cochlear nucleus and play a role in sound pattern analysis, including speech sounds. In addition, they exhibit high levels of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially during early development. Our whole-cell patch-clamp experiments show that perinatal nicotine exposure causes a profound reduction in synaptic input amplitude. In contrast, the number of inputs innervating each neuron and synaptic release properties of this calyx-like synapse remained unaltered. Spike number and spiking precision in response to synaptic stimulation were greatly diminished, especially for later stimuli during a stimulus train. Moreover, chronic nicotine exposure delayed the developmental downregulation of functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on these neurons, indicating a direct action of nicotine in this brain area. This presumably direct effect of perinatal nicotine exposure on synaptic maturation in the auditory brainstem might be one of the underlying causes for auditory processing difficulties in children of heavy smoking mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika J Baumann
- Institute of Biology, Neurophysiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Koch
- Institute of Biology, Neurophysiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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England LJ, Aagaard K, Bloch M, Conway K, Cosgrove K, Grana R, Gould TJ, Hatsukami D, Jensen F, Kandel D, Lanphear B, Leslie F, Pauly JR, Neiderhiser J, Rubinstein M, Slotkin TA, Spindel E, Stroud L, Wakschlag L. Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 72:176-189. [PMID: 27890689 PMCID: PMC5965681 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While the health risks associated with adult cigarette smoking have been well described, effects of nicotine exposure during periods of developmental vulnerability are often overlooked. Using MEDLINE and PubMed literature searches, books, reports and expert opinion, a transdisciplinary group of scientists reviewed human and animal research on the health effects of exposure to nicotine during pregnancy and adolescence. A synthesis of this research supports that nicotine contributes critically to adverse effects of gestational tobacco exposure, including reduced pulmonary function, auditory processing defects, impaired infant cardiorespiratory function, and may contribute to cognitive and behavioral deficits in later life. Nicotine exposure during adolescence is associated with deficits in working memory, attention, and auditory processing, as well as increased impulsivity and anxiety. Finally, recent animal studies suggest that nicotine has a priming effect that increases addiction liability for other drugs. The evidence that nicotine adversely affects fetal and adolescent development is sufficient to warrant public health measures to protect pregnant women, children, and adolescents from nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J England
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kjersti Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michele Bloch
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Conway
- Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kelly Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel Grana
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | | | - Frances Jensen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Denise Kandel
- Department of Psychiatry and Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Frances Leslie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - James R Pauly
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jenae Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mark Rubinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodore A Slotkin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eliot Spindel
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Laura Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lauren Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hartkopf J, Schleger F, Weiss M, Hertrich I, Kiefer-Schmidt I, Preissl H, Muenssinger J. Neuromagnetic signatures of syllable processing in fetuses and infants provide no evidence for habituation. Early Hum Dev 2016; 100:61-6. [PMID: 27423115 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habituation, as a basic form of learning, is characterized by decreasing amplitudes of neuronal reaction following repeated stimuli. Recent studies indicate that habituation to pure tones of different frequencies occurs in fetuses and infants. AIMS Neural processing of different syllables in fetuses and infants was investigated. STUDY DESIGN An auditory habituation paradigm including two different sequences of syllables was presented to each subject. Each sequence consisted of eight syllables (sequence /ba/: 5× /ba/, 1× /bi/ (dishabituator), 2× /ba/; sequence /bi/: 5× /bi/, 1× /ba/ (dishabituator), 2× /bi/). Each subject was stimulated with 140 sequences. Neuromagnetic signatures of auditory-evoked responses (AER) were recorded by fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG). SUBJECTS Magnetic brain signals of N=30 fetuses (age: 28-39weeks of gestation) and N=28 infants (age: 0-3months) were recorded. Forty-two of the 60 fetal recordings and 29 of the 58 infant recordings were included in the final analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES AERs were recorded and amplitudes were normalized to the amplitude of the first stimulus. RESULTS In both fetuses and infants, the amplitudes of AERs were found not to decrease with repeated stimulation. In infants, however, amplitude of syllable 6 (dishabituator) was significantly increased compared to syllable 5 (p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS Fetuses and infants showed AERs to syllables. Unlike fetuses, infants showed a discriminative neural response to syllables. Habituation was not observed in either fetuses or infants. These findings could be important for the investigation of early cognitive competencies and may help to gain a better understanding of language acquisition during child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hartkopf
- fMEG Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schleger
- fMEG Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Magdalene Weiss
- fMEG Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Hertrich
- Hertie Center for Neurology, Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kiefer-Schmidt
- fMEG Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jana Muenssinger
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
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Effects of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Infant Language Development: A Cohort Follow Up Study. Matern Child Health J 2016; 21:734-744. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-2158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rzehak P, Saffery R, Reischl E, Covic M, Wahl S, Grote V, Xhonneux A, Langhendries JP, Ferre N, Closa-Monasterolo R, Verduci E, Riva E, Socha P, Gruszfeld D, Koletzko B. Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and DNA-Methylation in Children at Age 5.5 Years: Epigenome-Wide-Analysis in the European Childhood Obesity Project (CHOP)-Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155554. [PMID: 27171005 PMCID: PMC4865176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence links prenatal exposure to maternal tobacco smoking with disruption of DNA methylation (DNAm) profile in the blood of infants. However, data on the postnatal stability of such DNAm signatures in childhood, as assessed by Epigenome Wide Association Studies (EWAS), are scarce. Objectives of this study were to investigate DNAm signatures associated with in utero tobacco smoke exposure beyond the 12th week of gestation in whole blood of children at age 5.5 years, to replicate previous findings in young European and American children and to assess their biological role by exploring databases and enrichment analysis. DNA methylation was measured in blood of 366 children of the multicentre European Childhood Obesity Project Study using the Illumina Infinium HM450 Beadchip (HM450K). An EWAS was conducted using linear regression of methylation values at each CpG site against in utero smoke exposure, adjusted for study characteristics, biological and technical effects. Methylation levels at five HM450K probes in MYO1G (cg12803068, cg22132788, cg19089201), CNTNAP2 (cg25949550), and FRMD4A (cg11813497) showed differential methylation that reached epigenome-wide significance according to the false-discovery-rate (FDR) criteria (q-value<0.05). Whereas cg25949550 showed decreased methylation (-2% DNAm ß-value), increased methylation was observed for the other probes (9%: cg12803068; 5%: cg22132788; 4%: cg19089201 and 4%: cg11813497) in exposed relative to non-exposed subjects. This study thus replicates previous findings in children ages 3 to 5, 7 and 17 and confirms the postnatal stability of MYO1G, CNTNAP2 and FRMD4A differential methylation. The role of this differential methylation in mediating childhood phenotypes, previously associated with maternal smoking, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rzehak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, 3052 Victoria Australia
| | - Eva Reischl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcela Covic
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Wahl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Piotr Socha
- Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
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Rogha M, Hashemi M, Askari N, Abtahi SH, Sepehrnejad M, Nilforoush MH. Cigarette smoking effect on human cochlea responses. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:148. [PMID: 26380233 PMCID: PMC4550952 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.161575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smoking is one of the most important risk factor in increasing of non-communicable disorders, especially chronic diseases such as cancer, stroke, heart and respiratory diseases. Cigarette smoking could damage the cochlea and causing hearing loss. The otoacoustic emission (OAE) is a source of information for determining cochlear responses to sound stimuli and how to change the response of the auditory system in some diseases. OAE test was sensitive to outer hair cells (OHCs) activity. Materials and Methods: In this study, tried to evaluate a hearing threshold of the smoker group versus non-smoker ones through pure tone audiometery, transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests. Results: The results indicated that significant decrement of 8000 Hz threshold, reduced DPOAE/TEOAE amplitude in the smoker group than non-smoker one (P < 0.05). DPOAE amplitudes decline reflects the cochlear damage caused by smoking. Conclusion: OAEs test was clinically non-invasive, accurate, and objective evaluation of the performance of cochlear OHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Rogha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hashemi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Narges Askari
- Department of Otolaryngology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Abtahi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sepehrnejad
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nilforoush
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Santos NF, Costa RA. Parental tobacco consumption and child development. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2015; 91:366-72. [PMID: 25727026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between parental tobacco consumption and the prevalence of psychomotor development disorders in children between 6 and 22 months of age. METHOD One hundred and nine mothers, fathers, and their babies participated in the study. The sociodemographic and clinical conditions were assessed using questionnaires. Tobacco consumption was assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Child development was evaluated using the Scale of Psychomotor Development in Early Childhood. RESULTS There was a significant negative correlation between the father's morning smoking (FTND) and the child's language development quotient; r=-0.41, p=0.005, r(2)=0.15. The children of mothers without nicotine dependence had a higher mean language development quotient than children of mothers with nicotine dependence; F(1, 107)=5.51, p=0.021, ηp(2)=0.05. CONCLUSION Parental smoking appears to have a detrimental effect on child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine F Santos
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Raquel A Costa
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Universidade Europeia Laureate International Universities, Lisbon, Portugal
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Santos NF, Costa RA. Parental tobacco consumption and child development. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Reissland N, Francis B, Kumarendran K, Mason J. Ultrasound observations of subtle movements: a pilot study comparing foetuses of smoking and nonsmoking mothers. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:596-603. [PMID: 25761436 PMCID: PMC4654233 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM One way to assess foetal health of smokers is to ask mothers to count perceived movements, an unreliable method hiding differences in prenatal development. The aim of this pilot study was to assess subtle foetal movements in ultrasound scans and establish whether they differ in foetuses of mothers who smoked and nonsmoking mothers. METHODS This longitudinal pilot study recruited twenty mothers (16 nonsmoking; 4 smoking) scanned four times from 24 to 36 weeks gestation (80 ultrasound scans). Two types of fine-grained movements were coded offline and analysed using a Poisson log-linear mixed model. RESULTS Foetuses of smoking mothers showed a significantly higher rate of mouth movements compared to foetuses of nonsmoking mothers (p = 0.02), after controlling for maternal stress and depression. As pregnancy progressed, these differences between the smoking and nonsmoking groups widened. Differences between the two groups in the rate of foetal facial self-touch remained constant as pregnancy progressed and were borderline significant (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION Rates of foetal mouth movement and facial self-touch differ significantly between smokers and nonsmokers. A larger study is needed to confirm these results and to investigate specific effects, including the interaction of maternal stress and smoking. Additionally, the feasibility of this technique for clinical practice should be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Francis
- Department of Maths and Statistics Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | | | - James Mason
- School of Medicine Pharmacy and Health Durham University Stockton UK
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Tischler T, Daseking M, Petermann F. Einschätzung von Risikofaktoren bei der Entstehung von Leseschwierigkeiten. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-015-3321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ross EJ, Graham DL, Money KM, Stanwood GD. Developmental consequences of fetal exposure to drugs: what we know and what we still must learn. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:61-87. [PMID: 24938210 PMCID: PMC4262892 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Most drugs of abuse easily cross the placenta and can affect fetal brain development. In utero exposures to drugs thus can have long-lasting implications for brain structure and function. These effects on the developing nervous system, before homeostatic regulatory mechanisms are properly calibrated, often differ from their effects on mature systems. In this review, we describe current knowledge on how alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamine, Ecstasy, and opiates (among other drugs) produce alterations in neurodevelopmental trajectory. We focus both on animal models and available clinical and imaging data from cross-sectional and longitudinal human studies. Early studies of fetal exposures focused on classic teratological methods that are insufficient for revealing more subtle effects that are nevertheless very behaviorally relevant. Modern mechanistic approaches have informed us greatly as to how to potentially ameliorate the induced deficits in brain formation and function, but conclude that better delineation of sensitive periods, dose-response relationships, and long-term longitudinal studies assessing future risk of offspring to exhibit learning disabilities, mental health disorders, and limited neural adaptations are crucial to limit the societal impact of these exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Ross
- Chemical & Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Devon L Graham
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli M Money
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- The Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Rand K, Lahav A. Maternal sounds elicit lower heart rate in preterm newborns in the first month of life. Early Hum Dev 2014; 90:679-83. [PMID: 25194837 PMCID: PMC4312137 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preferential response to mother's voice in the fetus and term newborn is well documented. However, the response of preterm neonates is not well understood and more difficult to interpret due to the intensive clinical care and range of medical complications. AIM This study examined the physiological response to maternal sounds and its sustainability in the first month of life in infants born very pretermaturely. METHODS Heart rate changes were monitored in 20 hospitalized preterm infants born between 25 and 32 weeks of gestation during 30-minute exposure vs. non-exposure periods of recorded maternal sounds played inside the incubator. A total of 13,680 min of HR data was sampled throughout the first month of life during gavage feeds with and without exposure to maternal sounds. RESULTS During exposure periods, infants had significantly lower heart rate compared to matched periods of care without exposure on the same day (p<.0001). This effect was observed in all infants, across the first month of life, irrespective of day of life, gestational age at birth, birth weight, age at testing, Apgar score, caffeine therapy, and requirement for respiratory support. No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION Preterm newborns responded to maternal sounds with decreased heart rate throughout the first month of life. It is possible that maternal sounds improve autonomic stability and provide a more relaxing environment for this population of newborns. Further studies are needed to determine the therapeutic implications of maternal sound exposure for optimizing care practices and developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Rand
- Department of Pediatric & Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir Lahav
- Department of Pediatric & Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
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Taylor AE, Davey Smith G, Bares CB, Edwards AC, Munafò MR. Partner smoking and maternal cotinine during pregnancy: implications for negative control methods. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 139:159-63. [PMID: 24726428 PMCID: PMC4026952 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparison of the associations of maternal and mother's partner smoking with offspring outcomes is, in theory, a useful method for assessing whether there may be an intrauterine effect of tobacco exposure on these outcomes. However, this approach assumes that the effects of passive smoking from exposure to partner smoking during pregnancy are minimal. We evaluated this assumption using a biochemical measure of tobacco exposure in pregnant women. METHODS Cotinine levels taken during the first trimester of pregnancy were measured in a sample of 3928 women from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Median cotinine values were compared across categories of smoking heaviness (cigarettes per day) of the women during the first trimester and in non-smoking women by the smoking heaviness of their partner. RESULTS Cotinine levels were substantially higher in women who smoked compared to non-smokers (range of medians across smoking heaviness categories: 900-5362 ng/ml versus 20 ng/ml, interquartile range (IQR) (0-63) for non-smokers). In contrast, cotinine levels in non-smoking women were only very weakly related to partner smoking status (range of medians in women with smoking partners: 34-69 ng/ml versus 12 ng/ml, IQR (0-48) in women with non-smoking partners). CONCLUSIONS Levels of tobacco exposure from partner smoking, as assessed by cotinine, were low in non-smoking pregnant women. This suggests that using mother's partner's smoking as a negative control for investigating intrauterine effects is valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK,Corresponding author at: School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU UK. Tel.: +44 117 9288547; fax: +44 117 9288588.
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Cristina B. Bares
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2027, USA
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, USA
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
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Melo M, Bellver J, Soares SR. The impact of cigarette smoking on the health of descendants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.12.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Talaat HS, Metwaly MA, Khafagy AH, Abdelraouf HR. Dose passive smoking induce sensorineural hearing loss in children? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:46-9. [PMID: 24246243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking plays major role in development of vascular and respiratory serious diseases. It has been reported that negative smoker children are prone for conductive hearing impairment due to repeated attacks of Eustachian tube dysfunction and middle ear effusion. This study aims to identify negative smoking as potential risk factor for development of sensorineural hearing loss. STUDY This study was done between January 2010 and November 2012. 411 children aged 5-11 years (8.2 ± 1.5) participated in this study; they were children attending the Ear, Nose, and Throat clinic of a tertiary care hospital and their siblings. The inclusion criteria were: (i) normal speech and language, (ii) absence of any disease or condition that may cause sensorineural hearing loss, and (iii) normal middle ear function on the day of hearing assessment. They were divided into three groups according to the exposure to second-hand smoke at home; group of "no exposure" whereas no smoker in the family (131 children), group of 'mild exposure" whereas the father was the only smoking parent and smoking was prohibited at home (155 children), and group of "heavy exposure", whereas the mother was smoking, or the father was freely smoking at home and in the presence of his children (125 children). Audiological evaluation in the form of pure tone and speech audiometry and immitancemetry was done for the study group. RESULTS Audiological evaluation revealed that the prevalence of hearing loss was 3.8%, 4.5% and 12% in the "no exposure", "mild exposure", and "heavy exposure" groups, respectively. Significant difference was only detected between the high exposure group and the other two groups. All children had minimal sensorineural hearing loss, i.e. threshold of frequencies showing hearing loss was 20 or 25 dB HL. The risk ratios (95% confidence interval) for hearing loss in the study subgroups were 1.18 (0.38, 3.64) for mild exposure group (p>0.05), 3.14 (1.18, 8.3) for heavy exposure group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Passive smoking in childhood correlates with sensorineural hearing loss, and it is an important risk factor for development of minimal hearing loss. Strict prevention of children exposure to second-hand smoke should be encouraged by every mean.
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Del Ciampo LA, Del Ciampo IRL. Passive Smoking and Children’s Health. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.612172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Durante AS, Pucci B, Gudayol N, Massa B, Gameiro M, Lopes C. Tobacco smoke exposure during childhood: effect on cochlear physiology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:5257-65. [PMID: 24284348 PMCID: PMC3863844 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10115257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The rate of smoking in Brazil is about 18.8%. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is one of the major factors predisposing children to several hazardous health problems. The objective of the present research was to analyze the effect of tobacco smoke exposure during childhood on cochlear physiology by measuring the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) response levels. Cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, was measured in 145 students’ (8–10 years old) urine. Sixty students indicated tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) (cotinine urine levels ≥ 5.0 ng/mL) and 85 did not. The evaluation of TEOAE of TSE students showed lower response levels, mainly on frequencies of 2.8 kHz on the right and left ears and 2.0 kHz on left ear and lower signal noise response levels, mainly on the 1.0 kHz and 1.4 kHz frequencies, when compared to controls that were not exposed to tobacco. The mean hearing loss in tobacco smoke exposure children was 2.1 dB SPL. These results have important implications on the damage to the cochlear structures and indicate a possible loss in hearing and hearing ability development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra S. Durante
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo (FCMSCSP, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of São Paulo), Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Foundation, Street Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 61 São Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; E-Mails: (B.M.); (M.G.); (C.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-11-3367-7785; Fax: +55-11-3367-7787
| | - Beatriz Pucci
- Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP, Santa Casa Sisters of Mercy Hospital of São Paulo), Street Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 112, São Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; E-Mails: (B.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Nicolly Gudayol
- Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP, Santa Casa Sisters of Mercy Hospital of São Paulo), Street Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 112, São Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; E-Mails: (B.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Beatriz Massa
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo (FCMSCSP, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of São Paulo), Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Foundation, Street Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 61 São Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; E-Mails: (B.M.); (M.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Marcella Gameiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo (FCMSCSP, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of São Paulo), Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Foundation, Street Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 61 São Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; E-Mails: (B.M.); (M.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Cristiane Lopes
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo (FCMSCSP, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of São Paulo), Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Foundation, Street Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 61 São Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; E-Mails: (B.M.); (M.G.); (C.L.)
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Key AP, Yoder PJ. Equiprobable and Oddball Paradigms: Two Approaches for Documenting Auditory Discrimination. Dev Neuropsychol 2013; 38:402-17. [DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2012.718819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Perez-Pereira M, Fernandez P, Gómez-Taibo M, Gonzalez L, Trisac JL, Casares J, Dominguez M. Neurobehavioral development of preterm and full term children: biomedical and environmental influences. Early Hum Dev 2013; 89:401-9. [PMID: 23312396 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies indicate that VLBW preterm children obtain significantly lower scores than full-term children in all the NBAS clusters. However the samples studied usually presented additional medical complications. AIMS The present study aims to compare the results obtained by low-risk preterm and full term children in the NBAS, and relate possible differences to biological and contextual factors. METHOD Early neurobehavioral development of 150 preterm (PR) children is compared to that of 49 full term children (FT). The children were assessed at the age of 15 days (corrected age for preterm children) with the NBAS. Biological and environmental variables were collected through an extended interview with the mothers as well as medical data. RESULTS Significant differences were found between preterm and full term children in the following areas: motor, range of state, and regulation of state. Differences were also found in relation to birth weight in these same three areas, following a parallel pattern. These differences between the two groups were not, however, necessarily more favorable for the FT group; the PR group had higher results in the motor and range of state areas, and lower results in the regulation of state area. The mothers' smoking habit had a negative effect on infants' regulation and orientation. CONCLUSIONS No general maturation delay in this particular sample of preterm children was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perez-Pereira
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Katbamna B, Klutz N, Pudrith C, Lavery JP, Ide CF. Prenatal smoke exposure: effects on infant auditory system and placental gene expression. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2013; 38:61-71. [PMID: 23665419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal smoke exposure has been shown to change cochlear echo response amplitudes and auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave latencies in newborns. Since gene expression changes are often synchronized in different tissue types, the goal of the present work was to determine the relationships between prenatal smoke exposure induced changes in hearing responses with changes in placental gene expression. Results showed significant cotinine level elevations in mothers who smoked ≥10cigarettes/day during their pregnancy compared to no detectable cotinine in nonsmoking mothers. Cochlear echo response amplitudes in the 2-8kHz range and ABR wave latencies, specifically wave V and interpeak interval I-V, were also significantly reduced in newborns of smoking mothers. Functional pathway analysis of upregulated placental genes using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online software showed significant enrichment of terms associated with neurodevelopmental processes including glutamatergic and cholinergic systems and a number of wingless type proteins in the top two tiers with corrected enrichment p-values of ≤0.05. Other relevant functional pathways were significant at unadjusted enrichment p-values of 0.001-0.11 and included calcium signaling, neurotransmission/neurological processes and oxidative stress. The neurological process clusters included 7 genes (EML2, OTOR, SLC26A5, TBL1X, TECTA, USH1C and USH1G) known to modulate cochlear outer hair cell motility. We localized proteins encoded by the top two regulated genes, TBL1X and USH1C, using immunohistochemistry to placental stem and anchoring villi associated with active contractile function. These placental genes may mediate active contraction and relaxation in the placental villi, for example, during maternal-fetal perfusion matching, similar to the active lengthening and shortening of the cochlear outer hair cells during sensory transduction. Thus, the functional consequence of their alteration in the cochlea would be reflected as a decline in cochlear echoes as shown in this study. Such parallel changes suggest the potential utility of placental gene expression as a surrogate for evaluating changes in the developing cochlea related to potential aberrant cochlear function in newborns with prenatal smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Katbamna
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5355, United States.
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Determinants of early language and communication in preterm and full term infants: a comparative study. ENFANCE 2013. [DOI: 10.4074/s0013754513001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Reidy RE, Ross RG, Hunter SK. Theory of Mind Development is Impaired in 4-year-old Children with Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Tobacco Smoking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1:24-34. [PMID: 25558458 DOI: 10.9734/indj/2013/3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Theory of Mind (ToM) is an important component of social cognition. Deficits in ToM are found in various neurodevelopmental disorders and social and environmental factors have been found to influence ToM development. Little previous research has focused on effects of exposure to toxins; this report examines the impact of tobacco. PLACE OF STUDY Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, between April 2006 - August 2012. METHODOLOGY 101 children, 18 with prenatal exposure to tobacco, underwent ToM testing at 40 (n=89) and 48 (n=77) months of age. Test questions received dichotomous pass/fail scores and percentage of correct responses was utilized as the primary dependent variable. RESULTS At 40 months of age children were rarely able to correctly answer false belief questions and there were no significant differences according to prenatal tobacco exposure. At 48 months of age, there was a significant effect of prenatal tobacco exposure with non-exposed 48-month-olds correctly answering 45±40.6% of content false belief questions correctly, compared to 13.9±25.3% for 48-month-olds with prenatal tobacco exposure (F=4.79, df= 1,73, p=.032). CONCLUSION ToM abilities are rapidly developing between 40 and 48 months of age. Prenatal exposure to tobacco is associated with impairment at 48 but not 40 months of age. This finding supports consideration of nicotinic mechanisms as contributors to early development of social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E Reidy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17 Place, Campus Box F546, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Randal G Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17 Place, Campus Box F546, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Sharon K Hunter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17 Place, Campus Box F546, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
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Liao CY, Chen YJ, Lee JF, Lu CL, Chen CH. Cigarettes and the developing brain: Picturing nicotine as a neuroteratogen using clinical and preclinical studies. Tzu Chi Med J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Smoking and Childhood Behavioural Problems: A Quasi-experimental Approach. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 40:1277-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-012-9640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Horst NK, Heath CJ, Neugebauer NM, Kimchi EY, Laubach M, Picciotto MR. Impaired auditory discrimination learning following perinatal nicotine exposure or β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit deletion. Behav Brain Res 2012; 231:170-80. [PMID: 22433585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy can impair performance of the exposed offspring in tasks that require auditory stimulus processing and perception; however, the tobacco component(s) responsible for these effects and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain uncertain. In this study, we show that administration of nicotine during mouse perinatal development can impair performance in an auditory discrimination paradigm when the exposed animals are mature. This suggests that nicotine disrupts auditory pathways via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that are expressed at an early stage of development. We have also determined that mice which lack nAChRs containing the β2 subunit (β2* nAChRs) exhibit similarly compromised performance in this task, suggesting that β2* nAChRs are necessary for normal auditory discrimination or that β2* nAChRs play a critical role in development of the circuitry required for task performance. In contrast, no effect of perinatal nicotine exposure or β2 subunit knockout was found on the acquisition and performance of a differential reinforcement of low rate task. This suggests that the auditory discrimination impairments are not a consequence of a general deficit in learning and memory, but may be the result of compromised auditory stimulus processing in the nicotine-exposed and knockout animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Horst
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Key APF, Lambert EW, Aschner JL, Maitre NL. Influence of gestational age and postnatal age on speech sound processing in NICU infants. Psychophysiology 2012; 49:720-31. [PMID: 22332725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the effect of gestational (GA) and postnatal (PNA) age on speech sound perception in infants. Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in response to speech sounds (syllables) in 50 infant NICU patients (born at 24-40 weeks gestation) prior to discharge. Efficiency of speech perception was quantified as absolute difference in mean amplitudes of ERPs in response to vowel (/a/-/u/) and consonant (/b/-/g/, /d/-/g/) contrasts within 150-250, 250-400, 400-700 ms after stimulus onset. Results indicated that both GA and PNA affected speech sound processing. These effects were more pronounced for consonant than vowel contrasts. Increasing PNA was associated with greater sound discrimination in infants born at or after 30 weeks GA, while minimal PNA-related changes were observed for infants with GA less than 30 weeks. Our findings suggest that a certain level of brain maturity at birth is necessary to benefit from postnatal experience in the first 4 months of life, and both gestational and postnatal ages need to be considered when evaluating infant brain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P F Key
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA.
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Hsieh CJ, Jeng SF, Wu KY, Su YN, Liao HF, Hsieh WS, Chen PC. GSTM1 modifies the effect of maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on neonatal primitive reflexes. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 13:1114-22. [PMID: 21849416 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether infant metabolic gene polymorphisms modify the effect of maternal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on neonatal neurobehavior. METHODS We conducted a birth cohort study of 87 nonsmoking women who delivered single births of normal birth weight. We enrolled the women before delivery, interviewed them using a structured questionnaire, and collected umbilical cord blood. Umbilical cord cotinine, a blood indicator of prenatal ETS exposure, was analyzed. The Neonatal Neurobehavioral Examination-Chinese Version (NNE-C) was administrated within 5 days after delivery to examine neonatal neurobehavior. Four infant metabolic genes, CYP1A1 MspI, CYP1A1 Ile462Val, GSTT1, and GSTM1, were identified. RESULTS Maternal ETS exposure during pregnancy was not related to neonatal neurobehavior when infant genetic polymorphisms were not considered. However, maternal ETS exposure did cause adverse effects in neonates with the absent type of GSTM1. Adverse effects were seen on the total NNE-C (β = -2.55; p = .02) and on primitive reflexes (β = -1.70; p = .004), especially in grasp reflexes (β = -.36; p = .011) and tonic neck reflexes (β = -.36; p = .049). In addition, there was a significant interaction between maternal ETS exposure and infant GSTM1 genotype on neonate grasp reflexes (p for interaction = .019). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that weaker responses in neonatal primitive reflexes in infants with the absent type GSTM1 were related to maternal ETS exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lee BE, Hong YC, Park H, Ha M, Kim JH, Chang N, Roh YM, Kim BN, Kim Y, Oh SY, Kim YJ, Ha EH. Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy and infantile neurodevelopment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:539-44. [PMID: 21397902 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During prenatal development, the nervous system may be more susceptible to environmental toxicants, such as secondhand smoke. The authors assessed the effects of prenatal and postnatal secondhand smoke exposure on the neurodevelopment of 6-month infants. The subjects were 414 mother and infant pairs with no medical problems, taken from the Mothers' and Children's Environmental Health study. Prenatal and postnatal exposures to secondhand smoke were determined using maternal self-reports. Examiners, unaware of exposure history, assessed the infants at 6 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Bayley scores were compared for secondhand smoke exposed and unexposed groups after adjusting for potential confounders. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate the risk of developmental delay posed by SHS exposure. The multivariate model included residential area, maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, education, income, infant sex, parity, birth weight, and type of feeding. After adjusting for covariates, secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy was found to be related to a decrease in mental developmental index score, but not to a decrease in psychomotor developmental index score. In addition, secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy was found to increase the risk of developmental delay (mental developmental index score ≤85) at 6 months. This study suggests that the infants of non-smoking women exposed to secondhand smoke are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Eun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 911-1 Mok-6-Dong, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wehby GL, Prater K, McCarthy AM, Castilla EE, Murray JC. The Impact of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy on Early Child Neurodevelopment. JOURNAL OF HUMAN CAPITAL 2011; 5:207-254. [PMID: 22272363 PMCID: PMC3262676 DOI: 10.1086/660885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Early child neurodevelopment has major impacts on future human capital and health. However, not much is known about the impacts of prenatal risk factors on child neurodevelopment. This study evaluates the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment between 3 and 24 months of age and interactions with socioeconomic status (SES). Data from a unique sample of children from South America are employed. Smoking has large adverse effects on neurodevelopment, with larger effects in the low SES sample. The study results highlight the importance of early interventions beginning before and during pregnancy for enhancing child development and future human capital attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L. Wehby
- Dept. of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, E205 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242, Phone: 319- 384-5133, Fax: 319-384-5125
| | - Kaitlin Prater
- Dept. of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 200 Newton Road, 5231, WL, Iowa City, IA 52246
| | - Ann Marie McCarthy
- Parent, Child & Family Nursing, College of Nursing, NB 344, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245
| | - Eduardo E. Castilla
- INAGEMP (Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional) and ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas), at Laboratório de Epidemiologia de Malformações Congênitas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and CEMIC: Centro de Educación Médica e Investigación Clinica, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Av. Brazil 4365, Pav. 26, sala 617. 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro. Brazil
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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Abstract
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is effective for smoking cessation, but much controversy surrounds its use during pregnancy. The importance of finding ways to help pregnant smokers quit is undisputed, since smoking during pregnancy causes harm to the mother and the fetus, with effects of smoke exposure extending into childhood. Researchers and providers are divided, however, with respect to opinions of safety and efficacy of NRT use in pregnant smokers. The research-based evidence on the topic is limited, but there are studies examining the efficacy of NRT in pregnancy. This article presents the evidence for this smoking cessation methodology in pregnancy.
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Lung FW, Chiang TL, Lin SJ, Lee MC, Shu BC. Child developmental screening instrument from six to thirty-six months in Taiwan birth cohort study. Early Hum Dev 2010; 86:17-21. [PMID: 20053510 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A reliable and valid assessing tool to detect the problem before the child becomes deviant is very important. AIM This study aimed to further test the reliability and validity of developmental screening instrument for follow-up of thirty-six months children in Taiwan. Also, the stability and changes in the development of children from six to thirty-six months were investigated. METHODS A total of 1751 infants were administered the six-month scale, which included levels of Gross and Fine Motor, Language/Communication, and Social ability. At eighteen months, 1267 infants were followed up, and at thirty-six months, 1630 infants were followed up. RESULTS Item analysis showed the thirty-six months scale had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.793. By confirmatory factor analysis, the correlations of the four dimensions in this scale were within the range of 0.38 to 0.61. Structural equation modeling showed that the six month scale could directly predict the eighteen months scale, and the gross motor, language, and social dimensions in the thirty-six months scale. The eighteen-month scale was also predictive of the thirty-six months scale. The six, eighteen and thirty-six-month scales all had acceptable reliability and validity, including content, construct and predictive validity. Additionally, the language development at six months was predictive of the language and social development at thirty-six months. The predictive model showed there were correlations between each dimensions at different ages. CONCLUSIONS This study is the pilot of a large and scientifically robust longitudinal first national birth cohort study in Taiwan, and the findings should provide useful reference for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- For-Wey Lung
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital
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Stein CR, Ellis JA, Savitz DA, Vichinsky L, Perl SB. Decline in smoking during pregnancy in New York City, 1995-2005. Public Health Rep 2009; 124:841-9. [PMID: 19894427 DOI: 10.1177/003335490912400612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 1998 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) between 46 states and four major tobacco companies increased tobacco control funding and restricted tobacco marketing. In 2002, New York City (NYC) began a comprehensive tobacco control program that raised the price of cigarettes, banned indoor workplace smoking, and increased access to cessation treatment. We examined the temporal pattern of smoking during pregnancy, including ethnic variation in smoking prevalence, relative to the implementation of the MSA and NYC's comprehensive tobacco control program using birth certificate data. METHODS Using multiple logistic regression, we analyzed NYC birth certificate data to examine prenatal smoking during three time periods: 1995-1998 (pre-MSA), 1999-2002 (post-MSA, pre-NYC tobacco control), and 2003-2005 (post-MSA, post-tobacco control). RESULTS Overall, 3.0% of 1,136,437 births included were to smoking mothers. The proportion of smoking mothers declined from 4.5% in 1995-1998 to 1.7% in 2003-2005. Compared with non-Hispanic white women, African American women had 2.46 increased odds (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.36, 2.55) of smoking during 1995-1998, and 3.63 increased odds (95% CI 3.39, 3.88) of smoking during 2003-2005, despite an absolute reduction in smoking from 10.4% to 5.0%. Puerto Rican women also smoked considerably more than non-Hispanic white women. CONCLUSIONS These findings document a striking temporal decline in prenatal smoking in NYC concurrent with changing tobacco control policies. Targeted efforts may be required to address the increasing disparity in prenatal smoking between non-Hispanic white and African American and Puerto Rican women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl R Stein
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
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Best D. From the American Academy of Pediatrics: Technical report--Secondhand and prenatal tobacco smoke exposure. Pediatrics 2009; 124:e1017-44. [PMID: 19841110 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure of children and their families causes significant morbidity and mortality. In their personal and professional roles, pediatricians have many opportunities to advocate for elimination of SHS exposure of children, to counsel tobacco users to quit, and to counsel children never to start. This report discusses the harms of tobacco use and SHS exposure, the extent and costs of tobacco use and SHS exposure, and the evidence that supports counseling and other clinical interventions in the cycle of tobacco use. Recommendations for future research, policy, and clinical practice change are discussed. To improve understanding and provide support for these activities, the harms of SHS exposure are discussed, effective ways to eliminate or reduce SHS exposure are presented, and policies that support a smoke-free environment are outlined.
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DeCasper AJ, Prescott P. Lateralized processes constrain auditory reinforcement in human newborns. Hear Res 2009; 255:135-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke have harmful and sometimes devastating effects on the health of the newborn. Although interventions for smoking cessation during pregnancy demonstrate effectiveness for increasing smoking abstinence, the majority of women relapse in the postpartum period. However, modifying contributing factors for relapse may improve the success of sustained abstinence. Many parents are eager to quit smoking and willing to participate in smoking cessation interventions. Through a population-based approach to healthcare, neonatal nurses are in an ideal position to prevent relapse and to promote smoking abstinence; they can coordinate and lead efforts for establishing smoking cessation strategies that integrate obstetric, newborn, and pediatric services.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper reviews results from published, in press, and conference proceedings from 2007 and 2008 that link in-utero tobacco exposure to neurodevelopmental outcomes in exposed offspring. RECENT FINDINGS Prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) affected speech processing, levels of irritability and hypertonicity, attention levels, ability to self-regulate, need to be handled, and response to novelty preference in infants. In early childhood, PTE effects were mostly behavioral outcomes including activity and inattention and externalizing behaviors, including conduct disorder and antisocial behavior. In adolescents, PTE predicted increased attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, modulation of the cerebral cortex and white matter structure, and nicotine addiction. Several studies found moderating effects with PTE and genetic susceptibilities including dopamine transporter, serotonergic synaptic function, and monomine oxidase pathways. Other studies suggested that environmental and genetic factors might be more important than the direct teratological effects of PTE. SUMMARY The majority of studies reviewed were prospective and tobacco exposure was quantified biologically. Most demonstrated a direct association between PTE and neurodevelopmental outcomes. More work is needed to examine multifactorial influences. Effects of PTE on the offspring appear to be moderated by genetic variability, neurobehavioral disinhibition, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie D Cornelius
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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