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Marin M, Annunziato KM, Tompach MC, Liang W, Zahn SM, Li S, Doherty J, Lee J, Clark JM, Park Y, Timme-Laragy AR. Maternal PFOS exposure affects offspring development in Nrf2-dependent and independent ways in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 271:106923. [PMID: 38669778 PMCID: PMC11177596 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a ubiquitous legacy environmental contaminant detected broadly in human samples and water supplies. PFOS can cross the placenta and has been detected in cord blood and breastmilk samples, underscoring the importance of understanding the impacts of maternal PFOS exposure during early development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a preconception exposure to PFOS on developmental endpoints in offspring, as well as examine the role of the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2a) in mediating these effects. This transcription factor regulates the expression of several genes that protect cells against oxidative stress including during embryonic development. Adult female zebrafish were exposed to 0.02, 0.08 or 0.14 mg/L PFOS for 1 week (duration of one cycle of oocyte maturation) and then paired with unexposed males from Nrf2a mutant or wildtype strains. Embryos were collected for two weeks or until completion of 5 breeding events. PFOS was maternally transferred to offspring independent of genotype throughout all breeding events in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 2.77 to 23.72 ng/embryo in Nrf2a wildtype and 2.40 to 15.80 ng/embryo in Nrf2a mutants. Although embryo viability at collection was not impacted by maternal PFOS exposure, developmental effects related to nutrient uptake, growth and pancreatic β-cell morphology were observed and differed based on genotype. Triglyceride levels were increased in Nrf2a wildtype eggs from the highest PFOS group. In Nrf2a wildtype larvae there was a decrease in yolk sac uptake while in Nrf2a mutants there was an increase. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in pancreatic β-cell (islet) area in wildtype larvae from the 0.14 mg/L PFOS accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of abnormal islet morphologies compared to controls. Abnormal morphology was also observed in the 0.02 and 0.08 mg/L PFOS groups. Interestingly, in Nrf2a mutants there was a significant increase in the pancreatic β-cell area in the 0.02 and 0.08 mg/L PFOS groups and no changes in the prevalence of abnormal islet morphologies. These results suggest that the regulation of processes like nutrient consumption, growth and pancreatic β-cell development are at least partially modulated by the presence of a functional Nrf2a transcriptomic response. Overall, preconception exposure to environmental pollutants, such as PFOS, may impact the maturing oocyte and cause subtle changes that can ultimately impact offspring health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Marin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kate M Annunziato
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Madeline C Tompach
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Wenle Liang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sarah M Zahn
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sida Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jeffery Doherty
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Kikanme KN, Dennis NM, Orikpete OF, Ewim DRE. PFAS in Nigeria: Identifying data gaps that hinder assessments of ecotoxicological and human health impacts. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29922. [PMID: 38694092 PMCID: PMC11061687 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the extensive use and environmental consequences of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) on a global scale, specifically emphasizing their potential impact in Nigeria. Recognized for their resistance to water and oil, PFAS are under increased scrutiny for their persistent nature and possible ecotoxicological risks. Here, we consolidate existing knowledge on the ecological and human health effects of PFAS in Nigeria, focusing on their neurological effects and the risks they pose to immune system health. We seek to balance the advantages of PFAS with their potential ecological and health hazards, thereby enhancing understanding of PFAS management in Nigeria and advocating for more effective policy interventions and the creation of safer alternatives. The review concludes with several recommendations: strengthening regulatory frameworks, intensifying research into the ecological and health impacts of PFAS, developing new methodologies and longitudinal studies, fostering collaborative efforts for PFAS management, and promoting public awareness and education to support sustainable environmental practices and healthier communities in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole M. Dennis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Ochuko Felix Orikpete
- Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and Environment (COHSE), University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Xie LN, Wang XC, Su LQ, Ji SS, Gu W, Barrett H, Dong XJ, Zhu HJ, Hou SS, Li ZH, Liu YL, Zhang L, Zhu Y. The association between per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances in serum and thyroid function parameters: A cross-sectional study on teenagers living near a Chinese fluorochemical industrial plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170985. [PMID: 38367719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in a wide range of crucial biological functions related to growth and development, and thyroid antibodies (TAs) can influence the biosynthesis of THs. Epidemiological studies have indicated that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) could induce thyroid disruption, but studies on teenagers living in areas with high PFAS exposure are limited. This cross-sectional study focused on 836 teenagers (11- 15 years) living near a Chinese fluorochemical industrial plant. Decreased levels of free thyroxine (FT4, ﹤9.6 pmol/L, abnormal rate = 19.0 %) and elevated levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3, ﹥6.15 pmol/L, abnormal rate = 29.8 %) were observed. Correlations of serum PFAS concentrations and TAs/THs were analyzed. Increased PFOA was identified as a risk factor of decreased FT4 by using unadjusted (OR: 11.346; 95 % CI: 6.029, 21.352, p < 0.001) and adjusted (OR: 12.566; 95 % CI: 6.549, 24.115, p < 0.001) logistic regression models. In addition, significantly negative correlations were found between log10 transformed PFOA and FT4 levels using linear (unadjusted: β = -1.543, 95 % CI: -1.937, -1.148, p < 0.001; adjusted: β = -1.534, 95 % CI: -1.930, -1.137, p < 0.001) and BKMR models. For abnormal FT3, a significantly positive association between PFHxS and FT3 levels was observed in a regression model (unadjusted: β = -0.903, 95 % CI: -1.212, -0.595, p < 0.001; adjusted: β = -0.894, 95 % CI: -1.204, -0.583, p < 0.001), and PFHxS was identified as a risk factor (unadjusted: OR: 4.387; 95 % CI: 2.619, 7.346, p < 0.001; adjusted: OR: 4.527; 95 % CI: 2.665, 7.688, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the above results. This study reported the elevated PFAS exposure and thyroid function of teenagers living near a fluorochemical industrial plant from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Na Xie
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Li-Qin Su
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Sai-Sai Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wen Gu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Holly Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Xiao-Jie Dong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Sha-Sha Hou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhen-Huan Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yi-Lin Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province 255000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
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Li L, Guo Y, Ma S, Wen H, Li Y, Qiao J. Association between exposure to per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and reproductive hormones in human: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117553. [PMID: 37931739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals. Previous evidence suggests that exposure to PFAS is associated with reproductive hormone levels, but the results of relevant studies are inconsistent. The objective of our study is to determine the association between exposure to PFAS and reproductive hormone levels in gender-specific general population. METHOD Based on scientific search strategies, we systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and Scopus to obtain the eligible studies published before January 21, 2023. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias tool. We combined the β coefficient and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Stata.17 with random-effect model or fixed-effect model. We also performed subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and Begger's and Egger's tests. RESULTS Eleven studies involving 7714 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that PFHxS exposure was positively associated with estradiol (E2) levels in female [β = 0.030, 95% CI: (0.013, 0.046), P = 0.000]. A negative association was found between PFOA [β = -0.012, 95% CI: (-0.023, -0.002), P = 0.017] and PFOS [β = -0.011; 95% CI: (-0.021, -0.000), P = 0.042] exposure with male testosterone (TT) levels. In the subgroup analysis, there were stronger associations in children than in adults. And the high heterogeneity was mainly due to the cross-sectional studies. Publication bias was not found in most of the analyses. CONCLUSION Our study showed that PFAS exposure was significantly associated with reproductive hormone levels. Further related studies are needed to identify the association and potential mechanism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Yingkun Guo
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Hui Wen
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yupei Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jianhong Qiao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Gonkowski S, Martín J, Kortas A, Aparicio I, Santos JL, Alonso E, Sobiech P, Rytel L. Assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances concentration levels in wild bat guano samples. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22707. [PMID: 38123620 PMCID: PMC10733414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are substances commonly used in the production of various everyday objects, including among others kitchen dishes, cosmetics, or clothes. They penetrate to the environment and living organisms causing disturbances in the functioning of many internal organs and systems. Due to environmental pollution, wildlife is also exposed to PFASs, but the knowledge about this issue is rather limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure of wild greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis), living in Poland, to six selected PFASs: five perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (perfluorobutanoic acid-PFBuA, perfluoropentanoic acid-PFPeA, perfluorohexanoic acid-PFHxA, perfluoroheptanoic acid-PFHpA, perfluorooctanoic acid-PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) through the analysis of guano samples with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method. To our knowledge this is the first study concerning the PFASs levels in bats, as well as using guano samples to evaluate the exposure of wild mammals to these substances. A total of 40 guano samples were collected from 4 bats summer (nursery) colonies located in various parts of Poland. The presence of PFASs mentioned were detected in all colonies studied, and concentration levels of these substances were sampling dependent. The highest concentration levels were observed in the case of PFPeA [1.34 and 3060 ng/g dry weight (dw)] and PFHxA (8.30-314 ng/g dw). This study confirms the exposure of wild bats to PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Street Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Julia Martín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, 41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Annemarie Kortas
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, 41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, 41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, 41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Przemysław Sobiech
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Liliana Rytel
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Zhang M, Gu X, Wu L, Wan N, Liu Y, Xin Z, Chen T, Liu S, Li M, Deng M, Wang Q. A new mechanistic insight into the association between environmental perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behavior. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:254-263. [PMID: 37952603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is one of the main residual environmental pollutants that threaten human health. PFOS exposure is positively correlated with the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Given that dopamine (DA) is a crucial target for PFOS and that its dysfunction is a key role in ADHD development, it is speculated that PFOS exposure contributes to the occurrence of ADHD to some extent by disrupting DA homeostasis. To establish the relationship between PFOS exposure, DA dysfunction, and ADHD-like behavior, adult zebrafish were exposed to PFOS for 21 days using PFOS concentrations in the serum of patients with ADHD as the reference exposure dose. Results showed that PFOS caused ADHD-like behaviors, with the presence of the slightly elevated percentage of time spent in movement and prolonged time spent in reaching the target zone in the T-maze. Hyperactivity and cognitive ability impairment were more severe with increasing PFOS concentrations. Further investigation showed that PFOS exposure resulted in a decrease in the DA content, accompanied by a decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons and a disturbance in the transcription profiles of genes associated with the dopaminergic system. Treatment with Ritalin effectively alleviated PFOS-induced ADHD-like behavior and restored DA levels, number of dopaminergic neurons, and expression of DA metabolism-related genes, suggesting that PFOS exposure induced ADHD-like behavior by triggering DA secretion disorder. This study enriches our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying ADHD development and emphasizes the importance of focusing on the health risks pertaining to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Xueyan Gu
- Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Liu Wu
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Nannan Wan
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Zaijun Xin
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Tianbing Chen
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Mingqi Li
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China.
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China.
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Hu Y, Han F, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Zhan J, Liu J. Trimester-specific hemodynamics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and its relation to lipid profile in pregnant women. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132339. [PMID: 37660622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants widely detected in blood from pregnant women, yet limited study evaluated the trimester-specific variance of serum PFAS, and even less is known for the window of vulnerability to lipids metabolism interrupting effects of PFAS during pregnancy. We quantified 16 legacy, 3 emerging PFAS, and lipid biomarkers in 286 serum samples from 118 pregnant women. All target PFAS, except perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA), in maternal serum showed moderate to low temporal irregular variability across gestation (average intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.57), while the generalized estimating equations showed a significant declining trend in the serum levels during pregnancy (p for trend < 0.05). The decline of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate in maternal serum was the greatest with a change of - 21.63% from 1st to 2nd trimester, which indicated a possible higher accumulation of this emerging PFAS in fetal compartment. Multiple linear regression, multiple informant model and Bayesian kernel machine regression showed a higher vulnerability in the 1st trimester to effects of PFAS exposure on serum lipids of pregnant women. The results highlighted the importance of the study timing of PFAS exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China; National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuxin Zhong
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Jing Zhan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Gaggi G, Di Credico A, Barbagallo F, Ghinassi B, Di Baldassarre A. Bisphenols and perfluoroalkyls alter human stem cells integrity: A possible link with infertility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116487. [PMID: 37419196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols and Perfluoroalkyls are chemical compounds widely used in industry known to be endocrine disruptors (EDs). Once ingested through contaminated aliments, they mimic the activity of endogenous hormones leading to a broad spectrum of diseases. Due to the extensive use of plastic in human life, particular attention should be paid to antenatal exposure to Bisphenols and Perfluoroalkyls since they cross the placental barrier and accumulates in developing embryo. Here we investigated the effects of Bisphenol-A (BPA), Bisphenol-S (BPS), perfluorooctane-sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic-acid (PFOA), alone or combined, on human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that share several biological features with the stem cells of blastocysts. Our data show that these EDs affect hiPSC inducing a great mitotoxicity and dramatic changes in genes involved in the maintenance of pluripotency, germline specification, and epigenetic regulation. We also evidenced that these chemicals, when combined, may have additive, synergistic but also negative effects. All these data suggest that antenatal exposure to these EDs may affect the integrity of stem cells in the developing embryos, interfering with critical stages of early human development that might be determinant for fertility. The observation that the effects of exposure to a combination of these chemicals are not easily foreseeable further highlights the need for wider awareness of the complexity of the EDs effects on human health and of the social and economic burden attributable to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gaggi
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" , University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy; UdA -TechLab, "G. D'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Credico
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" , University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy; UdA -TechLab, "G. D'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" , University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy; UdA -TechLab, "G. D'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" , University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy; UdA -TechLab, "G. D'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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9
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Tewfik EL, Noisel N, Verner MA. Biomonitoring equivalents for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) for the interpretation of biomonitoring data. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108170. [PMID: 37657409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is detected in the blood of virtually all biomonitoring study participants. Assessing health risks associated with blood PFOA levels is challenging because exposure guidance values (EGVs) are typically expressed in terms of external dose. Biomonitoring equivalents (BEs) consistent with EGVs could facilitate health-based interpretations. OBJECTIVE To i) derive BEs for serum/plasma PFOA corresponding to non-cancer EGVs of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and Health Canada, and ii) compare with PFOA concentrations from national biomonitoring surveys. METHODS Starting from EGV points of departure, we employed pharmacokinetic data/models and uncertainty factors. Points of departure in pregnant rodents (U.S. EPA 2016, ATSDR) were converted into fetus and pup serum concentrations using an animal gestation/lactation pharmacokinetic model, and equivalent human fetus and child concentrations were converted into BEs in maternal serum using a human gestation/lactation model. The point of departure in adult rodents (Health Canada) was converted into a BE using experimental data. For epidemiology-based EGVs (U.S. EPA 2023, draft), BEs were directly based on epidemiological data or derived using a human gestation/lactation pharmacokinetic model. BEs were compared with Canadian/U.S. biomonitoring data. RESULTS Non-cancer BEs (ng/mL) were 684 (Health Canada, 2018) or ranged from 15 to 29 (U.S. EPA, 2016), 6-10 (ATSDR, 2021) and 0.2-0.8 (U.S. EPA, 2023, draft). Ninety-fifth percentiles of serum levels from the 2018-2019 Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were slightly below the BE for ATSDR, and geometric means were above the non-cancer BEs for the U.S. EPA (2023, draft). CONCLUSION Non-cancer BEs spanned three orders of magnitude. The lowest BEs were for EGVs based on developmental endpoints in epidemiological studies. Concentrations in Canadian/U.S. national surveys were higher than or close to BEs for the most recent non-cancer EGVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest-Louli Tewfik
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal and CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada
| | - Nolwenn Noisel
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal and CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada
| | - Marc-André Verner
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal and CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada.
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10
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India-Aldana S, Yao M, Midya V, Colicino E, Chatzi L, Chu J, Gennings C, Jones DP, Loos RJF, Setiawan VW, Smith MR, Walker RW, Barupal D, Walker DI, Valvi D. PFAS Exposures and the Human Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies. CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS 2023; 9:510-568. [PMID: 37753190 PMCID: PMC10520990 DOI: 10.1007/s40726-023-00269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review There is a growing interest in understanding the health effects of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through the study of the human metabolome. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify consistent findings between PFAS and metabolomic signatures. We conducted a search matching specific keywords that was independently reviewed by two authors on two databases (EMBASE and PubMed) from their inception through July 19, 2022 following PRISMA guidelines. Recent Findings We identified a total of 28 eligible observational studies that evaluated the associations between 31 different PFAS exposures and metabolomics in humans. The most common exposure evaluated was legacy long-chain PFAS. Population sample sizes ranged from 40 to 1,105 participants at different stages across the lifespan. A total of 19 studies used a non-targeted metabolomics approach, 7 used targeted approaches, and 2 included both. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (n = 25), including four with prospective analyses of PFAS measured prior to metabolomics. Summary Most frequently reported associations across studies were observed between PFAS and amino acids, fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, phosphosphingolipids, bile acids, ceramides, purines, and acylcarnitines. Corresponding metabolic pathways were also altered, including lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate, nucleotide, energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. We found consistent evidence across studies indicating PFAS-induced alterations in lipid and amino acid metabolites, which may be involved in energy and cell membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra India-Aldana
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Meizhen Yao
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vishal Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaime Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary,
Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk
Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronica W. Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mathew Ryan Smith
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary,
Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Ryan W. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dinesh Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
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11
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Friedman C, Dabelea D, Keil AP, Adgate JL, Glueck DH, Calafat AM, Starling AP. Maternal serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and breastfeeding duration. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e260. [PMID: 37545807 PMCID: PMC10402953 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that may affect breastfeeding duration. We examined associations between maternal PFAS concentrations during pregnancy and breastfeeding cessation. We investigated potential effect modification by parity status. Methods Among 555 women enrolled in the Healthy Start study (2009-2014), we quantified maternal serum concentrations of 5 PFAS during mid- to late-pregnancy (mean 27 weeks of gestation). Participants self-reported their breastfeeding practices through 18-24 months postnatally. Among all participants and stratified by parity, we estimated associations between maternal PFAS concentrations and breastfeeding discontinuation by 3 and 6 months, using Poisson regression, and breastfeeding duration, using Cox regression. Results Median PFAS concentrations were similar to those in the general US population. Associations between PFAS and breastfeeding duration differed by parity status. After adjusting for covariates, among primiparous women, associations between PFAS and breastfeeding cessation by 3 and 6 months were generally null, with some inverse associations. Among multiparous women, there were positive associations between perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorononanoate and breastfeeding cessation by 3 and 6 months. For example, per ln-ng/mL increase in PFOA, the risk ratio for breastfeeding discontinuation by 6 months was 1.45 (95% confidence interval, 1.18, 1.78). Hazard ratios reflected similar patterns between PFAS and breastfeeding duration. Conclusions Among primiparous women, we did not find evidence for associations between PFAS concentrations and breastfeeding duration. In contrast, among multiparous women, PFAS serum concentrations were generally inversely associated with breastfeeding duration, though estimates may be biased due to confounding by unmeasured previous breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Friedman
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alexander P. Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John L. Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Deborah H. Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne P. Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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12
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Hoadley L, Watters M, Rogers R, Werner LS, Markiewicz KV, Forrester T, McLanahan ED. Public health evaluation of PFAS exposures and breastfeeding: a systematic literature review. Toxicol Sci 2023; 194:121-137. [PMID: 37228093 PMCID: PMC10527886 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of man-made chemicals that are persistent in the environment. They can be transferred across the placenta to fetuses and through human milk to infants. The American Academy of Pediatrics advises that the benefits of breastfeeding infants almost always outweigh the potential risks of harm from environmental chemicals. However, there are few chemical-specific summaries of the potential harms of exposure to PFAS during the neonatal period through breastfeeding. This systematic review explores whether exposure to PFAS through breastfeeding is associated with adverse health outcomes among infants and children using evidence from human and animal studies. Systematic searches identified 4297 unique records from 7 databases. The review included 37 total articles, including 9 animal studies and 1 human study measuring the direct contribution of exposure of the infant or pup through milk for any health outcome. Animal studies provided evidence of associations between exposure to PFOA through breastfeeding and reduced early life body weight gain, mammary gland development, and thyroid hormone levels. They also provided limited evidence of associations between PFOS exposure through breastfeeding with reduced early life body weight gain and cellular changes in the hippocampus. The direct relevance of any of these outcomes to human health is uncertain, and it is possible that many adverse health effects of exposure through breastfeeding have not yet been studied. This review documents the current state of science and highlights the need for future research to guide clinicians making recommendations on infant feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hoadley
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Michelle Watters
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
| | - Rachel Rogers
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
| | - Lora Siegmann Werner
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
| | - Karl V. Markiewicz
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
| | - Tina Forrester
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
| | - Eva D. McLanahan
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
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13
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Liu Y, Yu G, Zhang R, Feng L, Zhang J. Early life exposure to low-dose perfluorooctane sulfonate disturbs gut barrier homeostasis and increases the risk of intestinal inflammation in offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121708. [PMID: 37100370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), one of the legacy per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), is associated with multiple adverse health effects on children. However, much remains to be known about its potential impacts on intestinal immune homeostasis during early life. Our study found that PFOS exposure during pregnancy in rats significantly increased the maternal serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and zonulin, a gut permeability biomarker, and decreased gene expressions of Tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) and Claudin-4 (Cldn4), the tight junction proteins, in maternal colons on gestation day 20 (GD20). Being exposed to PFOS during pregnancy and lactation in rats significantly decreased the body weight of pups and increased the offspring's serum levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on postnatal day 14 (PND14), and induced a disrupted gut tight junction, manifested by decreased expressions of Tjp1 in pup's colons on PND14 and increased pup's serum concentrations of zonulin on PND28. By integrating high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics, we demonstrated that early-life PFOS exposure altered the diversity and composition of gut microbiota that were correlated with the changed metabolites in serum. The altered blood metabolome was associated with increased proinflammatory cytokines in offspring. These changes and correlations were divergent at each developmental stage, and pathways underlying immune homeostasis imbalance were significantly enriched in the PFOS-exposed gut. Our findings provide new evidence for the developmental toxicity of PFOS and its underlying mechanism and explain in part the epidemiological observation of its immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Guoqi Yu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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14
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Beccacece L, Costa F, Pascali JP, Giorgi FM. Cross-Species Transcriptomics Analysis Highlights Conserved Molecular Responses to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. TOXICS 2023; 11:567. [PMID: 37505532 PMCID: PMC10385990 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have garnered widespread public attention due to their persistence in the environment and detrimental effects on the health of living organisms, spurring the generation of several transcriptome-centered investigations to understand the biological basis of their mechanism. In this study, we collected 2144 publicly available samples from seven distinct animal species to examine the molecular responses to PFAS exposure and to determine if there are conserved responses. Our comparative transcriptional analysis revealed that exposure to PFAS is conserved across different tissues, molecules and species. We identified and reported several genes exhibiting consistent and evolutionarily conserved transcriptional response to PFASs, such as ESR1, HADHA and ID1, as well as several pathways including lipid metabolism, immune response and hormone pathways. This study provides the first evidence that distinct PFAS molecules induce comparable transcriptional changes and affect the same metabolic processes across inter-species borders. Our findings have significant implications for understanding the impact of PFAS exposure on living organisms and the environment. We believe that this study offers a novel perspective on the molecular responses to PFAS exposure and provides a foundation for future research into developing strategies for mitigating the detrimental effects of these substances in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jennifer Paola Pascali
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
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15
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Davidson LM, Boland MR. Investigating Three Classification Methods for Per/Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Exposure from Electronic Health Records And Potential for Bias. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 2023:52-61. [PMID: 37350909 PMCID: PMC10283112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of manmade compounds with known human toxicity and evidence of contamination in drinking water throughout the US. We augmented our electronic health record data with geospatial information to classify PFAS exposure for our patients living in New Jersey. We explored the utility of three different methods for classifying PFAS exposure that are popularly used in the literature, resulting in different boundary types: public water supplier service area boundary, municipality, and ZIP code. We also explored the intersection of the three boundaries. To study the potential for bias, we investigated known PFAS exposure-disease associations, specifically hypertension, thyroid disease and parathyroid disease. We found that both the significance of the associations and the effect size varied by the method for classifying PFAS exposure. This has important implications in knowledge discovery and also environmental justice as across cohorts, we found a larger proportion of Black/African-American patients PFAS-exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena M Davidson
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Regina Boland
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
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16
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Dangudubiyyam SV, Mishra JS, Kumar S. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid modulates expression of placental steroidogenesis-associated genes and hormone levels in pregnant rats. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 118:108390. [PMID: 37148813 PMCID: PMC10198953 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread and persistent chemical in the environment. Reports show that PFOS is a potential endocrine disruptor; however, the possible effects of PFOS on placental endocrine function are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the endocrine-disrupting effects of PFOS on the placenta in pregnant rats and its potential mechanism. Pregnant rats from gestational days 4-20 were exposed to 0, 10, and 50 μg/mL PFOS through drinking water followed by analysis of various biochemical parameters. PFOS dose-dependently decreased fetal and placental weight in both sexes, with a specific decrease in weight of labyrinth but not junctional layer. Plasma progesterone (↑166%), aldosterone (↑201%), corticosterone (↑205%), testosterone (↑45%), luteinizing hormone (↑49%) levels were significantly increased, while estradiol (↓27%), prolactin (↓28%) and hCG (↓62%) levels were reduced in groups exposed to higher doses of PFOS. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a significant increase in mRNA levels of placental steroid biosynthesis enzymes, including Cyp11A1 and 3β-HSD1 in male placenta and StAR, Cyp11A1, 17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD3 in female placenta of PFOS dams. Cyp19A1 expression in ovaries was significantly decreased in PFOS dams. mRNA levels for placental steroid metabolism enzyme UGT1A1 increased in male but not in female placenta of PFOS dams. These results suggest that the placenta is a target tissue of PFOS and PFOS-induced dysregulation in steroid hormone production might be related to the altered expression of hormone biosynthesis and metabolism enzyme genes in the placenta. This hormone disruption might affect maternal health and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Vidya Dangudubiyyam
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jay S Mishra
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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17
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McAdam J, Bell EM. Determinants of maternal and neonatal PFAS concentrations: a review. Environ Health 2023; 22:41. [PMID: 37161484 PMCID: PMC10170754 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are used for their properties such as stain and water resistance. The substances have been associated with adverse health outcomes in both pregnant mothers and infants, including pre-eclampsia and low birthweight. A growing body of research suggests that PFAS are transferred from mother to fetus through the placenta, leading to in utero exposure. A systematic review was performed using the PubMed database to search for studies evaluating determinants of PFAS concentrations in blood matrices of pregnant mothers and neonates shortly after birth. Studies were included in this review if an observational study design was utilized, exposure to at least one PFAS analyte was measured, PFAS were measured in maternal or neonatal matrices, at least one determinant of PFAS concentrations was assessed, and results such as beta estimates were provided. We identified 35 studies for inclusion in the review and evaluated the PFAS and determinant relationships among the factors collected in these studies. Parity, breastfeeding history, maternal race and country of origin, and household income had the strongest and most consistent evidence to support their roles as determinants of certain PFAS concentrations in pregnant mothers. Reported study findings on smoking status, alcohol consumption, and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) suggest that these factors are not important determinants of PFAS concentrations in pregnant mothers or neonates. Further study into informative factors such as consumer product use, detailed dietary information, and consumed water sources as potential determinants of maternal or neonatal PFAS concentrations is needed. Research on determinants of maternal or neonatal PFAS concentrations is critical to estimate past PFAS exposure, build improved exposure models, and further our understanding on dose-response relationships, which can influence epidemiological studies and risk assessment evaluations. Given the potential for adverse outcomes in pregnant mothers and neonates exposed to PFAS, it is important to identify and understand determinants of maternal and neonatal PFAS concentrations to better implement public health interventions in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan McAdam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Erin M Bell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
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18
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Stoker TE, Wang J, Murr AS, Bailey JR, Buckalew AR. High-Throughput Screening of ToxCast PFAS Chemical Library for Potential Inhibitors of the Human Sodium Iodide Symporter. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:380-389. [PMID: 36821091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been increased concern for environmental chemicals that can target various sites within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis to potentially disrupt thyroid synthesis, transport, metabolism, and/or function. One well-known thyroid target in both humans and wildlife is the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) that regulates iodide uptake into the thyroid gland, the first step of thyroid hormone synthesis. Our laboratory previously developed and validated a radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) high-throughput assay in a stably transduced human NIS cell line (hNIS-HEK293T-EPA) to identify chemicals with potential for NIS inhibition. So far, we have tested over 2000 chemicals (US EPA's ToxCast chemical libraries PI_v2, PII, and e1K) and discovered a subset of chemicals that significantly inhibit iodide uptake in the hNIS assay. Here, we utilized this screening assay to test a set of 149 unique per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (ToxCast PFAS library) for potential NIS inhibition. For this evaluation, the 149 blinded samples were screened in a tiered approach, first in an initial single-concentration (≤100 μM) RAIU assay and subsequent evaluation of the chemicals that produced ≥20% inhibition using multiconcentration (MC) response (0.001-100 μM) testing in parallel RAIU and cell viability assays. Of this set, 38 of the PFAS chemicals inhibited iodide uptake ≥20% in the MC testing with 25 displaying inhibition ≥50%. To prioritize the most potent PFAS NIS inhibitors in this set, chemicals were ranked based on outcomes of both iodide uptake and cytotoxicity and normalized to perchlorate, a known positive control. Consistent with previous findings, PFOS and PFHxS were again found to be potent NIS inhibitors, yet significant inhibition was also observed for several other screened PFAS chemicals. Although further studies are clearly warranted, this initial screening effort identifies NIS as a molecular target for potential thyroid disruption by this persistent and structurally diverse class of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy E Stoker
- Neurotoxicology and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Neurotoxicology and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ashley S Murr
- Neurotoxicology and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Jarod R Bailey
- Neurotoxicology and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Angela R Buckalew
- Neurotoxicology and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
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19
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LaKind JS. Invited Perspective: PFAS in Breast Milk and Infant Formula-It's Time to Start Monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:31301. [PMID: 36862173 PMCID: PMC9980311 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judy S. LaKind
- LaKind Associates, LLC, Catonsville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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20
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Blomberg AJ, Haug LS, Lindh C, Sabaredzovic A, Pineda D, Jakobsson K, Nielsen C. Changes in perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations in human milk over the course of lactation: A study in Ronneby mother-child cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115096. [PMID: 36529327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how PFAS concentrations in human milk change over the course of lactation, although this is an important determinant of cumulative infant exposure from breastfeeding. OBJECTIVE To estimate changes in PFAS concentrations in human milk over the course of lactation in a population with a wide range of exposure from background-to high-exposed. METHODS We measured PFAS concentrations in colostrum and mature milk samples from women in the Ronneby Mother-Child Cohort. For each PFAS, we estimated the change in concentration from colostrum collected 3-4 days postpartum to mature milk collected 4-12 weeks postpartum using linear mixed-effects models. We evaluated whether this estimated change varied by quartiles of colostrum concentrations. In a subset of mothers with at least three mature milk samples, we estimated the change in concentration per month over the first eight months of lactation. RESULTS Our study included 77 mother-child pairs, of whom 74 had colostrum and initial mature milk samples and 11 had three or more repeated samples. The concentration change from colostrum to mature milk varied by PFAS. While PFOS increased by 21% (95% CI: 8.9, 35), PFOA decreased by 17% (95% CI: -28, -3.5) and PFHxS decreased by 12% (95% CI: -24, 3.3). In addition, PFAS concentrations tended to increase in women with lower colostrum levels, but decreased or remained the same in women with high colostrum concentrations. When we estimated changes over the course of lactation, we found that PFOA concentrations decreased the most (-12% per month; 95% CI: -22, -1.5), whereas PFHxS and PFOS showed small nonsignificant decreases. CONCLUSIONS Models for cumulative infancy exposure from breastfeeding need to account for differences in concentration trajectories by PFAS and possibly by maternal exposure level. Additional research is needed to evaluate the relative exposure from breastfeeding vs prenatal exposure, especially in highly exposed communities where breastfeeding guidance is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise J Blomberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Line S Haug
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Daniela Pineda
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Jakobsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christel Nielsen
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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21
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LaKind JS, Naiman J, Verner MA, Lévêque L, Fenton S. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in breast milk and infant formula: A global issue. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115042. [PMID: 36529330 PMCID: PMC9872587 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are transferred from mother to infants through breastfeeding, a time when children may be particularly vulnerable to PFAS-mediated adverse health effects. Infants can also be exposed to PFAS from infant formula consumption. Our recent literature-based scoping of breast milk levels reported that four PFAS often exceeded the United States Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) children's drinking water screening levels in both the general population and highly impacted communities in the U.S. and Canada. This work presents a comparison of global breast milk and infant formula PFAS measurements with the only reported health-based drinking water screening values specific to children. METHODS We focused on four PFAS for which ATSDR has developed children's drinking water screening values: PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid), PFHxS (perfluorohexanesulfonic acid), and PFNA (perfluorononanoic acid). Published literature on PFAS levels in breast milk and infant formula were identified via PubMed searches. Data were compared to children's drinking water screening values. DISCUSSION Breast milk concentrations of PFOA and PFOS often exceed children's drinking water screening values, regardless of geographic location. The limited information on infant formula suggests its use does not necessarily result in lower PFAS exposures, especially for formulas reconstituted with drinking water containing PFAS. Unfortunately, individuals generally cannot know whether their infant's exposures exceed children's drinking water screening values. Thus, it is essential that pregnant and lactating women and others, especially those having lived in PFAS-contaminated communities, have data required to make informed decisions on infant nutrition. An international monitoring effort and access to affordable testing are needed for breast milk, drinking water and infant formula to fully understand infant PFAS exposures. Currently, our understanding of demonstrable methods for reducing exposures to emerging PFAS is limited, making this research and the communications surrounding it even more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy S LaKind
- LaKind Associates, LLC, 106 Oakdale Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Josh Naiman
- Naiman Associates, LLC, 504 S 44th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Marc-Andre Verner
- Departement of Occuptional and Environmental Health, Université de Montréal School of Public Health, 2375 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Office 4105, Montreal (Québec) H3T 1A8 Canada; Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Université de Montréal and CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal (Québec) H3C 3J7 Canada.
| | - Laura Lévêque
- Departement of Occuptional and Environmental Health, Université de Montréal School of Public Health, 2375 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Office 4105, Montreal (Québec) H3T 1A8 Canada; Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Université de Montréal and CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal (Québec) H3C 3J7 Canada.
| | - Suzanne Fenton
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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22
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Han F, Wang Y, Li J, Lyu B, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Occurrences of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in human milk in China: Results of the third National Human Milk Survey (2017-2020). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130163. [PMID: 36272370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants widely contaminated and exposed in humans. China is a major manufacturer and consumer of these chemicals. To characterize the occurrences, geographical variations, temporal trends, and exposure risks of legacy and emerging PFAS in perinatal women and their children in China, 30 PFAS were measured in 100 pooled human milk samples consisting of 3531 individual samples collected from 100 sites in 24 provinces during the 2017-2020 National Human Milk Survey. Linear-perfluorooctanoic acid (L-PFOA, 151 pg/mL) and linear-perfluorooctane sulfonate (L-PFOS, 57.0 pg/mL) were the predominant PFAS in human milk, followed by 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA, 25.9 pg/mL). The geographic variation trend of PFOA was different from PFOS and Cl-PFESA, and a special geographic trend of perfluoropentanesulfonate (PFPeS) was observed. Comparison of National Human Milk surveys from different periods showed a sharp decrease of PFAS exposure in old industrial areas including Shanghai and Liaoning, but higher PFAS exposure observed in Shandong and Hubei indicated a possible domestic shift of PFAS manufacture to these areas. Worldwide comparison of PFAS in human milk indicated high PFOA exposure in China. Risk assessments for mothers and breastfeeding infants showed that PFAS exposure is of concern in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bing Lyu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
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23
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Criswell RL, Wang Y, Christensen B, Botelho JC, Calafat AM, Peterson LA, Huset CA, Karagas MR, Romano ME. Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Paired Maternal Plasma and Human Milk in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:463-472. [PMID: 36574487 PMCID: PMC9837617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals associated with long-term health outcomes. PFAS are transferred from maternal blood to human milk, an important exposure source for infants, and understanding of this transfer is evolving. We characterized concentrations of 10 PFAS in human milk (n = 426) and compared milk-to-plasma concentrations of 9 PFAS among a subset of women with paired samples (n = 294) from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study using liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. We examined the relationship between perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in plasma versus milk and fit linear regression models to assess relationships between milk PFOA and PFOS and participant characteristics. The median plasma PFOA concentration was 0.94 ng/mL (interquartile range, IQR, 0.59-1.34) and that of PFOS was 2.60 ng/mL (IQR 1.80-3.90); the median milk PFOA concentration was 0.017 ng/mL (IQR 0.012-0.027) and that of PFOS was 0.024 ng/mL (IQR 0.016-0.036). PFOA and PFOS plasma and milk concentrations showed correlations of ρ = 0.83 and 0.77, respectively (p < 0.001). Parity, previous lactation, week of milk collection, and body mass index were inversely associated with milk PFAS. We estimate that even among our general population cohort, some infants (∼6.5%) are exposed to amounts of PFAS via milk that may have long-term health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel
School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755,
United States
| | - Brock Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel
School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755,
United States
| | - Julianne C. Botelho
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333,
United States
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333,
United States
| | - Lisa A. Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United
States
| | - Carin A. Huset
- Minnesota Department of Health,
St. Paul, Minnesota 55101, United States
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel
School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755,
United States
| | - Megan E. Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel
School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755,
United States
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24
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Blomberg AJ, Norén E, Haug LS, Lindh C, Sabaredzovic A, Pineda D, Jakobsson K, Nielsen C. Estimated Transfer of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Maternal Serum to Breast Milk in Women Highly Exposed from Contaminated Drinking Water: A Study in the Ronneby Mother-Child Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:17005. [PMID: 36688826 PMCID: PMC9869870 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infancy perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure from breastfeeding is partially determined by the transfer efficiencies (TEs) of PFAS from maternal serum into breast milk. However, to our knowledge there are no studies of such TEs in highly exposed populations. OBJECTIVES We estimated the TEs of PFAS from maternal serum into colostrum and breast milk in a cohort of women with a wide range of PFAS exposures. METHODS The Ronneby Mother-Child Cohort was established in 2015 after PFAS contamination was discovered in the public drinking water of Ronneby, Sweden. We measured seven PFAS in matched samples of maternal serum at delivery and colostrum and breast milk. We calculated the TE (in percentage) as the ratio of PFAS in colostrum or breast milk to serum multiplied by 100 and evaluated whether TEs varied by PFAS, lactation stage, or exposure level using a series of linear mixed-effects models with a random intercept for each woman. RESULTS This study included 126 mothers. PFAS associated with firefighting foams [i.e., perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)] were substantially elevated in the serum, colostrum, and breast milk samples of highly exposed women in the cohort and showed strong correlation. PFHxS and PFOS also contributed the largest fraction of total PFAS on average in colostrum and breast milk. Median TEs varied from 0.9% to 4.3% and were higher for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, including perfluorooctanoic acid, than perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids, including PFHxS and PFOS. TEs varied by exposure level, but there was not a consistent pattern in this variation. DISCUSSION PFAS concentrations in the colostrum and breast milk of highly exposed women were higher than the concentrations in low-exposed women, and TEs were of a similar magnitude across exposure categories. This implies that breastfeeding may be an important route of PFAS exposure for breastfeeding infants with highly exposed mothers, although the relative contribution of breastfeeding vs. prenatal transplacental transfer remains to be clarified. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise J. Blomberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erika Norén
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Line S. Haug
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Daniela Pineda
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Jakobsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christel Nielsen
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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25
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Hassan HF, Bou Ghanem H, Abi Kharma J, Abiad MG, Elaridi J, Bassil M. Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Human Milk: First Survey from Lebanon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20010821. [PMID: 36613141 PMCID: PMC9819430 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is the primary source of nutrition for infants in their first year of life. Its potential contamination with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a group of toxic man-made chemicals, is a health concern that may threatens infants' health. Our study aims to assess the levels of PFOA and PFOS in the breast milk of Lebanese lactating mothers and the maternal factors associated with their presence. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a Micromass Quattro micro API triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to detect the level of contamination in 57 collected human milk samples. PFOA and PFOS were present in 82.5% and 85.7% of the samples, respectively, while PFOA levels ranged between 120 and 247 pg/mL with a median of 147 pg/mL, and those of PFOS ranged between 12 and 86 pg/mL with a median of 27.5 pg/mL. The median contamination for PFOA exceeded the threshold set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (60 pg/mL); however, that of PFOS was below the threshold (73 pg/mL). The consumption of bread, pasta, meat, and chicken more than twice per week and that of white tubers and roots at least once per week was significantly associated with higher levels of PFOA (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between maternal age, BMI, parity, level of education, place of residence, source of water used, and smoking with the levels of PFOA and PFOS in the human milk. Additionally, the consumption of cereals at least twice per week was significantly associated with higher levels of PFOS. These findings call for actions to improve the local environmental and agricultural practices, and the regulations and standards for inspecting imported food. It is important to highlight that the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh the reported contamination with PFOS and PFOA in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein F. Hassan
- Nutrition Program, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Haneen Bou Ghanem
- Nutrition Program, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Abi Kharma
- Nutrition Program, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad G. Abiad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- LEAF—The Laboratories for the Environment, Agriculture and Food, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jomana Elaridi
- Chemistry Program, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Maya Bassil
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence:
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26
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Xu P, Zheng Y, Wang X, Shen H, Wu L, Chen Y, Xu D, Xiang J, Cheng P, Chen Z, Lou X. Breastfed infants' exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A cross-sectional study of a municipal waste incinerator in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136639. [PMID: 36183877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A municipal waste incinerator (MWI) in Zhejiang, China, operating since 2008 was completely reconstructed from 2016 to 2019. In 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional study of breastfeeding mothers living near the MWI. We evaluated the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the mothers' breast milk and their infants' estimated daily intake (EDI). To investigate the temporal variations of these pollutants, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 29 mothers in 2019. We assessed the levels of 18 PCB congeners, 17 PCDD/F congeners, and 21 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) congeners in breast milk and estimated the EDI. The mean total concentrations of PCDD/Fs (ΣPCDD/Fs) and PCBs (ΣPCBs) were 81.2 and 4.90 ng/g lipid, respectively, while the toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) levels of ΣPCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs (ΣDL-PCBs) were 2.7 and 1.4 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid, respectively. Compared to our 2013 measurements, the mass concentrations of ΣPCDD/Fs and ΣPCBs decreased by 13% and 35%, respectively (3.361 vs. 2.915 pg/g wet weight [ww] and 269.1 vs. 175.0 pg/g ww, respectively). The TEQ-ΣPCDD/F levels decreased by 67% (0.241 vs. 0.080 pg/g ww), but the TEQ-ΣDL-PCB levels increased by 11% (0.046 vs. 0.051 pg WHO-TEQ/g ww). The median concentration of PFASs was 0.250 ng/mL, ranging from 0.151 to 0.833 ng/mL. The infants' mean EDI of total PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs was 17.7 pg TEQ/kg body weight [bw], representing a 20% decline compared to 2013. The average EDI levels of PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA were 5.8, 17.9, and 1.7 ng/kg bw, respectively. A comprehensive comparison of the results with studies from around the world showed that the potential health risks posed by legacy PCDD/F and PCB pollutants were not as grave for mothers and infants living near this MWI, but the emerging PFAS pollutants represented a new cause for concern. MAIN FINDINGS: The potential health risks posed by legacy PCDD/F and PCB pollutants were not particularly serious for mothers and infants living near the MWI, but the emerging PFAS pollutants raised new concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yibin Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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27
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Borghese MM, Liang CL, Owen J, Fisher M. Individual and mixture associations of perfluoroalkyl substances on liver function biomarkers in the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Environ Health 2022; 21:85. [PMID: 36104725 PMCID: PMC9472375 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances can disrupt hepatic metabolism and may be associated with liver function biomarkers. We examined individual and mixture associations of PFAS on liver function biomarkers in a representative sample of Canadian adults. We explored the potential for effect modification by sex and body mass index, as well as by physical activity level which may attenuate the deleterious effect of PFAS on metabolic disorders. METHODS We analyzed data from participants aged 20-74 from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. We used linear regression to examine associations between plasma concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUDA on serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin. We used quantile g-computation to estimate associations with a PFAS mixture for each simultaneous, one-quartile change in PFAS concentrations. RESULTS Each doubling of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, or PFNA concentrations was associated with higher AST, GGT, and ALP concentrations. Each doubling of PFOA concentrations was associated with 16.5% (95%CI: 10.4, 23.0) higher GGT concentrations among adults not meeting Canada's physical activity guidelines vs. 6.6% (95%CI: -1.6, 15.5) among those meeting these guidelines. Sex and BMI also modified some associations, though to a lesser extent. We did not observe associations between ALT and PFOA (1.2% change; 95%CI: -2.5, 4.9), PFOS (2.2% change; 95%CI: -0.8, 5.3), or PFHxS (1.5% change; 95%CI: -0.4, 3.4). We also did not observe consistent associations for PFDA and PFUDA or with total bilirubin. In quantile g-computation models, each simultaneous one-quartile increase in the PFAS mixture was positively associated with AST (7.5% higher; 95%CI: 4.0, 10.4), GGT (9.7% higher; 95%CI: 1.7, 17.0), and ALP (2.8% higher; 95%CI: 0.5, 5.4). CONCLUSION Higher plasma concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA - both individually and as a mixture - were associated with higher serum concentrations of liver function biomarkers. These results contribute to emerging evidence suggesting that higher levels of physical activity appear to be protective against the hepatotoxic effects of PFOA. This work contributes to a growing body of evidence supporting the hepatotoxic effects of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Borghese
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada.
| | - Chun Lei Liang
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada
| | - James Owen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada
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Predicting Exposure to Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) among US Infants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148402. [PMID: 35886252 PMCID: PMC9318798 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PFASs have been detected in nearly every serum sample collected over the last two decades from US adults as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and are commonly found in other data sets from around the world. However, less is known about infant PFAS exposures, primarily because the collection of infant serum samples is less common and frequently avoided. Cord blood samples are often preferred for chemical exposure assessments because this is thought to provide a good representation of infant serum concentrations, at least at the time of birth. In this paper, we will provide a statistical and probabilistic analysis of what can be expected for infants living in the US using NHANES from 2007 to 2008, which contains a rare subset of infant data. Regulatory efforts that require estimation of exposures among the very youth can be challenging, both because of a lack of data in general and because variability among this most vulnerable population can be uncertain. We report that US infant exposures are extremely common and that serum concentrations remain fairly constant, despite infant growth rates and relatively high caloric and fluid intake, with the possible exception of PFOS. Infant serum PFOS concentrations between months 1 and 3 are consistently higher than at less than one month, even though healthy infants at 1 and 2 months weigh more than they did at birth. This suggests that the babies are exposed to greater concentrations of PFOS after birth or that excretion kinetics differ for this PFAS.
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Raman Microspectroscopy Detection and Characterisation of Microplastics in Human Breastmilk. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132700. [PMID: 35808745 PMCID: PMC9269371 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of plastics determines the inevitable human exposure to its by-products, including microplastics (MPs), which enter the human organism mainly by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Once internalised, MPs may pass across cell membranes and translocate to different body sites, triggering specific cellular mechanisms. Hence, the potential health impairment caused by the internalisation and accumulation of MPs is of prime concern, as confirmed by numerous studies reporting evident toxic effects in various animal models, marine organisms, and human cell lines. In this pilot single-centre observational prospective study, human breastmilk samples collected from N. 34 women were analysed by Raman Microspectroscopy, and, for the first time, MP contamination was found in 26 out of 34 samples. The detected microparticles were classified according to their shape, colour, dimensions, and chemical composition. The most abundant MPs were composed of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polypropylene, with sizes ranging from 2 to 12 µm. MP data were statistically analysed in relation to specific patients’ data (age, use of personal care products containing plastic compounds, and consumption of fish/shellfish, beverages, and food in plastic packaging), but no significant relationship was found, suggesting that the ubiquitous MP presence makes human exposure inevitable.
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Post GB. Invited Perspective: Current Breast Milk PFAS Levels in the United States and Canada Indicate Need for Additional Monitoring and Actions to Reduce Maternal Exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:21301. [PMID: 35196133 PMCID: PMC8865622 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria B. Post
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton, New Jersey, USA
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