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Borlaza-Lacoste L, Mardoñez V, Marsal A, Hough I, Dinh VNT, Dominutti P, Jaffrezo JL, Alastuey A, Besombes JL, Močnik G, Moreno I, Velarde F, Gardon J, Cornejo A, Andrade M, Laj P, Uzu G. Oxidative potential of particulate matter and its association to respiratory health endpoints in high-altitude cities in Bolivia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119179. [PMID: 38768882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) pollution is a significant health risk, driving the search for innovative metrics that more accurately reflect the potential harm to human health. Among these, oxidative potential (OP) has emerged as a promising health-based metric, yet its application and relevance across different environments remain to be further explored. This study, set in two high-altitude Bolivian cities, aims to identify the most significant sources of PM-induced oxidation in the lungs and assess the utility of OP in assessing PM health impacts. Utilizing two distinct assays, OPDTT and OPDCFH, we measured the OP of PM samples, while also examining the associations between PM mass, OP, and black carbon (BC) concentrations with hospital visits for acute respiratory infections (ARI) and pneumonia over a range of exposure lags (0-2 weeks) using a Poisson regression model adjusted for meteorological conditions. The analysis also leveraged Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to link these health outcomes to specific PM sources, building on a prior source apportionment study utilizing the same dataset. Our findings highlight anthropogenic combustion, particularly from traffic and biomass burning, as the primary contributors to OP in these urban sites. Significant correlations were observed between both OPDTT and PM2.5 concentration exposure and ARI hospital visits, alongside a notable association with pneumonia cases and OPDTT levels. Furthermore, PMF analysis demonstrated a clear link between traffic-related pollution and increased hospital admissions for respiratory issues, affirming the health impact of these sources. These results underscore the potential of OPDTT as a valuable metric for assessing the health risks associated with acute PM exposure, showcasing its broader application in environmental health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Borlaza-Lacoste
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Valeria Mardoñez
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France; Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Anouk Marsal
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Ian Hough
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Vy Ngoc Thuy Dinh
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Pamela Dominutti
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Besombes
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM (UMR 5204), Chambéry, 73000, France
| | - Griša Močnik
- Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, 5270, Ajdovščina, Slovenia; Haze Instruments d.o.o., 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Isabel Moreno
- Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Fernando Velarde
- Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Jacques Gardon
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alex Cornejo
- Viceministerio de Promoción, Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Medicina Tradicional (VPVEyMT), La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Marcos Andrade
- Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Laj
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), and Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France.
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Salana S, Yu H, Dai Z, Subramanian PSG, Puthussery JV, Wang Y, Singh A, Pope FD, Leiva G MA, Rastogi N, Tripathi SN, Weber RJ, Verma V. Inter-continental variability in the relationship of oxidative potential and cytotoxicity with PM 2.5 mass. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5263. [PMID: 38898130 PMCID: PMC11187120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Most fine ambient particulate matter (PM2.5)-based epidemiological models use globalized concentration-response (CR) functions assuming that the toxicity of PM2.5 is solely mass-dependent without considering its chemical composition. Although oxidative potential (OP) has emerged as an alternate metric of PM2.5 toxicity, the association between PM2.5 mass and OP on a large spatial extent has not been investigated. In this study, we evaluate this relationship using 385 PM2.5 samples collected from 14 different sites across 4 different continents and using 5 different OP (and cytotoxicity) endpoints. Our results show that the relationship between PM2.5 mass vs. OP (and cytotoxicity) is largely non-linear due to significant differences in the intrinsic toxicity, resulting from a spatially heterogeneous chemical composition of PM2.5. These results emphasize the need to develop localized CR functions incorporating other measures of PM2.5 properties (e.g., OP) to better predict the PM2.5-attributed health burdens.
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Grants
- CBET-1847237 NSF | ENG/OAD | Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET)
- CBET-2012149 NSF | ENG/OAD | Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET)
- Centre of Excellence Advanced Technologies for Monitoring Air-quality iNdicators (ATMAN) approved by the PSA office, Government of India, and supported by a group of philanthropic funders, including the Bloomberg Philanthropies, the Open Philanthropy, and the Clean Air Fund
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Salana
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Haoran Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zhuying Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - P S Ganesh Subramanian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Joseph V Puthussery
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Energy, Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Ajit Singh
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Manuel A Leiva G
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Neeraj Rastogi
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Rodney J Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Fussell JC, Jauniaux E, Smith RB, Burton GJ. Ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: A review of underlying mechanisms. BJOG 2024; 131:538-550. [PMID: 38037459 PMCID: PMC7615717 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data provide varying degrees of evidence for associations between prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and adverse birth outcomes (suboptimal measures of fetal growth, preterm birth and stillbirth). To assess further certainty of effects, this review examines the experimental literature base to identify mechanisms by which air pollution (particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone) could cause adverse effects on the developing fetus. It likely that this environmental insult impacts multiple biological pathways important for sustaining a healthy pregnancy, depending upon the composition of the pollutant mixture and the exposure window owing to changes in physiologic maturity of the placenta, its circulations and the fetus as pregnancy ensues. The current body of evidence indicates that the placenta is a target tissue, impacted by a variety of critical processes including nitrosative/oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, epigenetic changes, as well as vascular dysregulation of the maternal-fetal unit. All of the above can disturb placental function and, as a consequence, could contribute to compromised fetal growth as well increasing the risk of stillbirth. Furthermore, given that there is often an increased inflammatory response associated with preterm labour, inflammation is a plausible mechanism mediating the effects of air pollution on premature delivery. In the light of increased urbanisation and an ever-changing climate, both of which increase ambient air pollution and negatively affect vulnerable populations such as pregnant individuals, it is hoped that the collective evidence may contribute to decisions taken to strengthen air quality policies, reductions in exposure to air pollution and subsequent improvements in the health of those not yet born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Fussell
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Jauniaux
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mohn Centre for Children’s Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham J. Burton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge
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Tian Y, Wang J, Fang J, Chen C, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Du P, Li Y, Shi W, Liu Y, Ding E, Tang S, Yue X, Shi X. Acute Effects of Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Its Constituents on Sex Hormone Among Postmenopausal Women - Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei PLADs, China, 2018-2019. China CDC Wkly 2024; 6:249-253. [PMID: 38633202 PMCID: PMC11018549 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
What is already known on this topic? Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was linked to endocrine hormone disruption in the reproductive system. Nonetheless, it was unclear which specific components of PM2.5 were primarily responsible for these associations. What is added by this report? The study presented the initial epidemiological evidence that brief exposure to PM2.5 can elevate estradiol levels in postmenopausal women. Various particle components had unique effects, with water-soluble ions and specific inorganic elements like Ag, As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn, and Tl potentially playing significant roles in increasing estradiol levels. What are the implications for public health practice? The study established that the prevalence of air pollution, along with its specific components, has been recognized as a novel risk factor affecting the balance of sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Tian
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaonan Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlong Fang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Du
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Enmin Ding
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Ahmad M, Chen J, Panyametheekul S, Yu Q, Nawab A, Khan MT, Zhang Y, Ali SW, Phairuang W. Fine particulate matter from brick kilns site and roadside in Lahore, Pakistan: Insight into chemical composition, oxidative potential, and health risk assessment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25884. [PMID: 38390149 PMCID: PMC10881335 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human health is seriously threatened by particulate matter (PM) pollution, which is a major environmental problem. A better indicator of biological responses to PM exposure than its mass alone is the PM "oxidative potential (OP)," or ability to oxidize target molecules. When reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in the OP in excess of the antioxidant capacity of body due to PM components such metals and organic species, it causes inflammation, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), proteins, and lipids damage. Method The samples of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are collected from the brick kiln site and the roadside in Lahore, Pakistan. The organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were estimated by carbon analyzer (DRI 2001A) using the thermal/optical transmittance (TOT) protocol. The water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentration was determined using a total organic carbon analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-L CPN). Ion chromatography (Dionex ICS-900) with a conductivity detector was used to analyze the water-soluble anions (Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-) and cations (NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (iCAP TQ ICP-MS, Thermo Scientific) was used to determine the concentrations of metals in the solution. The dithiothreitol (DTT) consumption rate was calculated using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 412 nm. Results The mean concentrations of PM2.5 at the brick kiln site and roadside reported are 509.3 ± 32.3 μg/m3 and 467.5 ± 24.9 μg/m3, and the average OC/EC ratio is 1.9 ± 0.4 and 2.1 ± 0.1. primary organic carbon (POC) contributed more to OC than secondary organic carbon (SOC), which indicated the dominance of primary combustion sources. The anion equivalent (AE) to cation equivalent (CE) ratio indicated that PM2.5 is acidic at both sites due to the dominance of NO3- and SO42-. The DTT consumption rate normalized by PM2.5 mass (DTTm) and DTT consumption rate normalized by air volume (DTTv) of PM2.5 at the roadside samples are higher than at the brick kiln site due to the higher contribution of ionic species to the mass of PM2.5. Carbonaceous species of PM2.5 at both sampling sites are significantly correlated with DTTv of PM2.5, while metallic species behaved differently. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values (lung cancer) of As and Cr at both sampling sites, while the ILCR value of Cd at the roadside samples is exceeding the permissible limits for adults and children. The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) value for adults is higher than that for children, indicating that children are less vulnerable to metals. Conclusion The concentration of PM2.5 at both sampling sites were exceeding the permissible limits of Pakistan' National Environmental Quality Standard (NEQS) and posing risk to the health of the local population. The POC and SOC contribution to OC at the brick kiln site and roadside in Lahore were 84.6%, 15.4% and 84.4%, 15.6%. POC at both sampling sites were the dominant carbon species indicating the dominance of primary combustion sources. The residence of Lahore poses the lung cancer risk due to Cr, As, and Cd at both sampling sites. The results of this study provide important data and evidence for further evaluation of the potential health risks of PM2.5 from brick kiln site and road side in Pakistan and formulation of efficient air-pollution control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sirima Panyametheekul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Thailand network centre on Air Quality Management: TAQM and Research Unit: HAUS IAQ, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Asim Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Syed Weqas Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Worradorn Phairuang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan
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Marsal A, Sauvain JJ, Thomas A, Lyon-Caen S, Borlaza LJS, Philippat C, Jaffrezo JL, Boudier A, Darfeuil S, Elazzouzi R, Lepeule J, Chartier R, Bayat S, Slama R, Siroux V, Uzu G. Effects of personal exposure to the oxidative potential of PM 2.5 on oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnant women. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168475. [PMID: 37951259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a prominent pathway for the health effects associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. Oxidative potential (OP) of PM has been associated to several health endpoints, but studies on its impact on biomarkers of oxidative stress remains insufficient. 300 pregnant women from the SEPAGES cohort (France) carried personal PM2.5 samplers for a week and OP was measured using ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT) assays, and normalized by 1) PM2.5 mass (OPm) and 2) sampled air volume (OPv). A pool of three urine spots collected on the 7th day of PM sampling was analyzed for biomarkers, namely 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostaglandin-F2α (8-isoPGF2α). Associations were investigated using adjusted multiple linear regressions. OP effects were additionally investigated by stratifying by median PM2.5 concentration (14 μg m-3). In the main models, no association was observed with 8-isoPGF2α, nor MDA. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in OPmAA exposure was associated with increased 8-OHdG (percent change: 6.2 %; 95 % CI: 0.2 % to 12.6 %). In the stratified analysis, exposure to OPmAA was associated with 8-OHdG for participants exposed to low levels of PM2.5 (percent change: 11.4 %; 95 % CI: 3.3 % to 20.1 %), but not for those exposed to high levels (percent change: -1.0 %; 95 % CI: -10.6 % to 9.6 %). Associations for OPmDTT also followed a similar pattern (p-values for OPmAA-PM and OPmDTT-PM interaction terms were 0.12 and 0.11, respectively). Overall, our findings suggest that OPmAA may be associated with increased DNA oxidative damage. This association was not observed with PM2.5 mass concentration exposure. The effects of OPmAA in 8-OHdG tended to be stronger at lower (below median) vs. higher concentrations of PM2.5. Further epidemiological, toxicological and aerosol research are needed to further investigate the OPmAA effects on 8-OHdG and the potential modifying effect of PM mass concentration on this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Marsal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France; Agence de l'environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, 20, avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne and Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Boudier
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France; Pediatric Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Darfeuil
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rhabira Elazzouzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sam Bayat
- Department of Pulmonology and Physiology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm UA07 STROBE Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Johnson M, Mazur L, Fisher M, Fraser WD, Sun L, Hystad P, Gandhi CK. Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution and Respiratory Distress in Term Newborns: Results from the MIREC Prospective Pregnancy Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:17007. [PMID: 38271058 PMCID: PMC10810300 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory distress is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, and prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse long-term respiratory outcomes; however, the impact of prenatal air pollution exposure on neonatal respiratory distress has not been well studied. OBJECTIVES We examined associations between prenatal exposures to fine particular matter (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) with respiratory distress and related neonatal outcomes. METHODS We used data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort (n = 2,001 ) recruited in the first trimester from 10 Canadian cities. Prenatal exposures to PM 2.5 (n = 1,321 ) and NO 2 (n = 1,064 ) were estimated using land-use regression and satellite-derived models coupled with ground-level monitoring and linked to participants based on residential location at birth. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between air pollution and physician-diagnosed respiratory distress in term neonates in hierarchical logistic regression models adjusting for detailed maternal and infant covariates. RESULTS Approximately 7 % of newborns experienced respiratory distress. Neonates received clinical interventions including oxygen therapy (6%), assisted ventilation (2%), and systemic antibiotics (3%). Two percent received multiple interventions and 4% were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Median PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentrations during pregnancy were 8.81 μ g / m 3 and 18.02 ppb , respectively. Prenatal exposures to air pollution were not associated with physician-diagnosed respiratory distress, oxygen therapy, or NICU admissions. However, PM 2.5 exposures were strongly associated with assisted ventilation (OR per 1 - μ g / m 3 increase in PM 2.5 = 1.17 ; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.35), multiple clinical interventions (OR per 1 - μ g / m 3 increase in PM 2.5 = 1.16 ; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.26), and systemic antibiotics, (OR per 1 - μ g / m 3 increase in PM 2.5 = 1.12 ; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.21). These associations were consistent across exposure periods-that is, during prepregnancy, individual trimesters, and total pregnancy-and robust to model specification. NO 2 exposure was associated with administration of systemic antibiotics (OR per 1-ppb increase in NO 2 = 1.03 ; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.06). DISCUSSION Prenatal exposures to PM 2.5 increased the risk of severe respiratory distress among term newborns. These findings support the development and prioritization of public health and prenatal care strategies to increase awareness and minimize prenatal exposures to air pollution. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12880.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markey Johnson
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D. Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Liu Sun
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Perry Hystad
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Chintan K. Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang W, Mu S, Yan W, Ke N, Cheng H, Ding R. Prenatal PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: evidence from meta-analysis of cohort studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106145-106197. [PMID: 37723397 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are a significant cause of fetal death. A wide range of maternal psychological, social, and environmental factors may contribute to these outcomes. Mounting epidemiological studies have indicated that PM2.5 may result in these unfavorable consequences. Previously published meta-analyses have been updated and extended. Cohort studies were searched from three databases (up to July 24, 2023), and their quality was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Publication bias was examined by Egger's test and funnel plot. Despite a large number of studies showing similar results, the inconsistencies between these findings require careful generalization before concluding. This meta-analysis included 67 cohort studies from 20 countries, and the findings revealed that maternal PM2.5 exposure and five APOs were correlated significantly throughout pregnancy: preterm birth (PTB) (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.07); low birth weight (LBW) (RR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04); small for gestational age (SGA) (RR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04); stillbirth (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.45); and change in birthweight (weight change = -6.82 g; 95% CI: -11.39, -2.25). A positive association was found between APOs and PM2.5 exposure in this meta-analysis, and the degree of increased risk of APOs varied due to different gestation periods. Therefore, it is necessary to protect pregnant women at specific times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Mu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weizhen Yan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Naiyu Ke
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Han Cheng
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Lin W, Lai Y, Zhuang S, Wei Q, Zhang H, Hu Q, Cheng P, Zhang M, Zhai Y, Wang Q, Han Z, Hou H. The effects of prenatal PM 2.5 oxidative potential exposure on feto-placental vascular resistance and fetal weight: A repeated-measures study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116543. [PMID: 37406720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feto-placental hemodynamic deterioration is a critical contributing factor to fetal growth restriction. Whether PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP) affects feto-placental hemodynamics and what impact is on estimated fetal weight (EFW) have not been fully elucidated. We sought to evaluate the association of PM2.5 OP with EFW and to explore whether feto-placental vascular impedance hemodynamic change is a possible mediator in this association. METHODS A repeated-measures study was conducted involving sixty pregnant women with at least 26 weeks of follow-up during pregnancy in Guangzhou, China, from September 2017 to October 2018. Daily filter-based PM2.5 samples were prospectively collected from ground monitors, and estimates of OP for PM2.5 and its metallic (OPv-metal) and non-metallic constituents (OPv-nonmental) were determined by dithiothreitol assay. Ultrasound data of fetal growth and umbilical arterial resistance, including estimated fetal weight (EFW), pulsatility index, resistance index, and systolic-to-diastolic ratio, were also obtained during gestation. Generalized estimating equations and polynomial distribution lag models were applied to analyze the associations of maternal exposure to PM2.5 OP with EFW and umbilical artery indices. Causal mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediating role of umbilical arterial resistance. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to ambient PM2.5 OP was significantly inversely associated with EFW. The magnitudes of effects of OPv-nonmetal on EFW were larger than those of OPv-metal. Significant mediation for the relationship between PM2.5-related OP and EFW by increased impedance in the umbilical artery was observed, with the estimated percent mediated ranging from 31% to 61%. The estimated percent mediated for OPv-nonmetal was higher than those for OPv-metal. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that increased impedance in the umbilical artery may be one of the potential mediators of the relationship between PM2.5 oxidative potential exposure and low fetal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yuming Lai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuling Zhuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiannan Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hedi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiansheng Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering, Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Manman Zhang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering, Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuhong Zhai
- Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhenyan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hongying Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Leirião LFL, Gabriel AFB, Alencar AP, Miraglia SGEK. Is the expansion of the subway network alone capable of improving local air quality? A study case in São Paulo, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1104. [PMID: 37642730 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the policies adopted to reduce vehicular emissions is subway network expansion. This work fitted interrupted regression models to investigate the effects of the inauguration of subway stations on the mean, trend, and seasonality of the NO, NO2, NOx, and PM10 local concentrations. The regions investigated in the city of São Paulo (Brazil) were Pinheiros, Butantã, and St. Amaro. In Pinheiros, after the inauguration of the subway station, there were downward trends for all pollutants. However, these trends were not significantly different from the trends observed before. In Butantã, only regarding NO, there was a significant reduction and seasonal change after the subway station's inauguration. In St. Amaro, no trend in the PM10 concentration was noted. The absence of other transportation and land use policies in an integrative way to the subway network expansion may be responsible for the low air quality improvement. This study highlights that the expansion of the subway network must be integrated with other policies to improve local air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Ferreira Leite Leirião
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), R São Nicolau, 210 - Cep, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flávia Barbosa Gabriel
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), R São Nicolau, 210 - Cep, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Airlane Pereira Alencar
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua Do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 1010 - Cep 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), R São Nicolau, 210 - Cep, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
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11
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Hu B, Tang J, Xu G, Shao D, Huang H, Li J, Chen H, Chen J, Zhu L, Chen S, Shen B, Jin L, Xu L. Combined exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 in reductions of physiological development among preterm birth: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017 in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1146283. [PMID: 37564430 PMCID: PMC10410271 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth (PTB) has been linked with ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure. However, data are limited between physiological development of PTB and PM exposure. Methods Trimester and season-specific PM exposure including PM2.5 and PM10 was collected from Jiaxing between January 2014 and December 2017. Information about parents and 3,054 PTB (gestational age < 37 weeks) outcomes such as weight (g), head circumference (cm), chest circumference (cm), height (cm) and Apgar 5 score were obtained from birth records. We used generalized linear models to assess the relationship between PTB physiological developmental indices and PM2.5, PM10 and their combined exposures. A binary logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between exposures and low birth weight (LBW, < 2,500 g). Results Results showed that there were 75.5% of low birth weight (LBW) infants in PTB. Decreased PM2.5 and PM10 levels were found in Jiaxing from 2014 to 2017, with a higher PM10 level than PM2.5 each year. During the entire pregnancy, the highest median concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 was in winter (61.65 ± 0.24 vs. 91.65 ± 0.29 μg/m3) followed by autumn, spring and summer, with statistical differences in trimester-specific stages. After adjusting for several potential factors, we found a 10 μg/m3 increase in joint exposure of PM2.5 and PM10 during the entire pregnancy associated with reduced 0.02 week (95%CI: -0.05, -0.01) in gestational age, 7.9 g (95%CI: -13.71, -2.28) in birth weight, 0.8 cm in height (95%CI: -0.16, -0.02), 0.05 cm (95%CI: -0.08, - 0.01) in head circumference, and 0.3 (95%CI: -0.04, -0.02) in Apgar 5 score, except for the chest circumference. Trimester-specific exposure of PM2.5 and PM10 sometimes showed an opposite effect on Additionally, PM2.5 (OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.68) was correlated with LBW. Conclusion Findings in this study suggest a combined impact of fine particulate matter exposure on neonatal development, which adds to the current understanding of PTB risk and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology and Key-Innovative Discipline Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology and Key-Innovative Discipline Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongliang Shao
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafei Huang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jintong Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangjin Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shipiao Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limin Jin
- Department of Pathology and Key-Innovative Discipline Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
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Liu J, Chen Y, Liu D, Ye F, Sun Q, Huang Q, Dong J, Pei T, He Y, Zhang Q. Prenatal exposure to particulate matter and term low birth weight: systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63335-63346. [PMID: 37059952 PMCID: PMC10172254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the relationships between maternal particulate matter exposure and offspring birth weight. Studies were categorized into three subgroups: term low birth weight (TLBW) among full-term births and all births (regardless of gestational age) and low birth weight (LBW) among all births, based on the search results of MEDLINE and the Web of Science from the inception of the database to April 2022. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the economic status, region, exposure assessment, risk of bias, and adjustment. Sixty-one studies involving 34,506,975 singleton live births in 15 countries were analyzed. Overall, the risk of bias for most studies (75%) was low. In 39 of 47 term birth studies, the pooled odds ratio of TLBW among term births for per interquartile range (IQR) increases throughout the entire pregnancy was 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03) for PM2.5 and 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) for PM10 after adjustment for covariates. No significant relevance was detected across each trimester period for PM2.5. A stronger effect was observed during the second trimester (1.03, 1.01 to 1.06) for PM10. There was no increased risk of TLBW in all births associated with IQR increases in PM2.5 and PM10. LBW was associated with PM2.5 exposure in 4 of 7 studies, but statistical heterogeneity was considerable. In the TLBW subgroup analysis, the effects of PM2.5 and PM10 were both greater in studies conducted in advanced countries, studies with low bias, and studies that adjusted for maternal age, infant sex, and parity. Stronger effects were present for PM2.5 exposure collected from monitoring stations and PM10 exposure interpolated from the inverse distance weighting model. TLBW may be associated with prenatal exposure to particulate matter, but no critical windows were identified. Stronger associations were observed in advanced countries. Future original study designs need to consider the impact of different exposure assessment modalities and all possible confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Die Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan He
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Borlaza LJS, Uzu G, Ouidir M, Lyon-Caen S, Marsal A, Weber S, Siroux V, Lepeule J, Boudier A, Jaffrezo JL, Slama R. Personal exposure to PM 2.5 oxidative potential and its association to birth outcomes. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:416-426. [PMID: 36369373 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) assessed through its mass concentration has been associated with foetal growth restriction in studies based on outdoor levels. Oxidative potential of PM2.5 (OP) is an emerging metric a priori relevant to mechanisms of action of PM on health, with very limited evidence to indicate its role on birth outcomes. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of OP with birth outcomes and compared it with that of PM2.5 mass concentration. METHODS 405 pregnant women from SEPAGES cohort (Grenoble area) carried PM2.5 personal dosimeters for one or two one-week periods. OP was measured using dithiothreitol (DTT) and ascorbic acid (AA) assays from the collected filters. Associations of each exposure metric with offspring weight, height, and head circumference at birth were estimated adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The correlation between PM2.5 mass concentration and [Formula: see text] was 0.7. An interquartile range increase in .. was associated with reduced weight (adjusted change, -64 g, -166 to -11, p = 0.02) and height (-4 mm, -6 to -1, p = 0.01) at birth. PM2.5 mass concentration showed similar associations with weight (-53 g, -99 to -8, p = 0.02) and height (-2 mm, -5 to 0, p = 0.05). In birth height models mutually adjusted for the two exposure metrics, the association with [Formula: see text] was less attenuated than that with mass concentration, while for weight both effect sizes attenuated similarly. There was no clear evidence of associations with head circumference for any metric, nor for [Formula: see text] with any growth parameter. IMPACT PM2.5 pregnancy exposure assessed from personal dosimeters was associated with altered foetal growth. Personal OP exposure was associated with foetal growth restrictions, specifically decreased weight and height at birth, possibly to a larger extent than PM2.5 mass concentration alone. These results support OP assessed from DTT as being a health-relevant metric. Larger scale cohort studies are recommended to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Marion Ouidir
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Anouk Marsal
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuël Weber
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Boudier
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
- Pediatrics, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France.
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Ju L, Hua L, Xu H, Li C, Sun S, Zhang Q, Cao J, Ding R. Maternal atmospheric particulate matter exposure and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120704. [PMID: 36436666 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air particulate exposure not only capable of elevating the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but also has profound implications for human health, but the results are discrepant. This meta-analysis aimed to provide higher grade evidence on the impacts of air particulate on specific pregnancy outcomes. A total of 81 eligible cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis, of which the outcomes included preterm birth (PTB), moderate PTB, very PTB, extreme PTB, term low birth weight (TLBW), term birth weight (TBW), stillbirth (SB) and small for gestational age (SGA). The results showed that every 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 exposure associated with 2.7%-9.3% increase of PTB risk in entire pregnancy, 2nd and 3rd trimesters; 10.5%-19.3% increase of very PTB risk in entire pregnancy, 1st and 2nd trimesters; 8.3% and 10.1% increase of TLBW and SGA risk in entire pregnancy; 25.6% and 10.1% increase of SB in entire pregnancy and 3rd trimester; and -13.274 g and -4.916 g reduce of TBW during entire pregnancy and 2nd trimester, respectively. Every 10 μg/m3 increase of PM10 exposure associated with 12.1% and 2.6% increase of PTB risk in entire pregnancy and 3rd trimester; 48.9% and 5.0% increase of moderate PTB risk in entire pregnancy and 2nd trimester; 14.4% and 10.3% increase of very PTB risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters; 2.9% increase of extremely PTB risk in 2nd trimester; 1.5%-3.8% and 2.9%-3.7% increase of TLBW and SGA risk in entire pregnancy, 1st and 2nd trimesters; 7.0% increase of SB risk in 3rd trimesters; and -4.537 g and -5.263 g reduce of TBW in 1st and 2nd trimesters, respectively. High mean annual PM concentrations were associated with more extreme adverse pregnancy outcomes (PTBs, SGA and SB), while low mean annual PM concentrations were associated with decreased TBW and increased risk of TLBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Ju
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Hanbing Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Changlian Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Shu Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Department of Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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15
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Marsal A, Slama R, Lyon-Caen S, Borlaza LJS, Jaffrezo JL, Boudier A, Darfeuil S, Elazzouzi R, Gioria Y, Lepeule J, Chartier R, Pin I, Quentin J, Bayat S, Uzu G, Siroux V. Prenatal Exposure to PM2.5 Oxidative Potential and Lung Function in Infants and Preschool- Age Children: A Prospective Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:17004. [PMID: 36695591 PMCID: PMC9875724 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) has been found to be detrimental to respiratory health of children, but few studies have examined the effects of prenatal PM 2.5 oxidative potential (OP) on lung function in infants and preschool children. OBJECTIVES We estimated the associations of personal exposure to PM 2.5 and OP during pregnancy on offspring objective lung function parameters and compared the strengths of associations between both exposure metrics. METHODS We used data from 356 mother-child pairs from the SEPAGES cohort. PM filters collected twice during a week were analyzed for OP, using the dithiothreitol (DTT) and the ascorbic acid (AA) assays, quantifying the exposure of each pregnant woman. Lung function was assessed with tidal breathing analysis (TBFVL) and nitrogen multiple-breath washout (N 2 MBW ) test, performed at 6 wk, and airwave oscillometry (AOS) performed at 3 y. Associations of prenatal PM 2.5 mass and OP with lung function parameters were estimated using multiple linear regressions. RESULTS In neonates, an interquartile (IQR) increase in OP v DTT (0.89 nmol / min / m 3 ) was associated with a decrease in functional residual capacity (FRC) measured by N 2 MBW [β = - 2.26 mL ; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 4.68 , 0.15]. Associations with PM 2.5 showed similar patterns in comparison with OP v DTT but of smaller magnitude. Lung clearance index (LCI) and TBFVL parameters did not show any clear association with the exposures considered. At 3 y, increased frequency-dependent resistance of the lungs (Rrs 7 - 19 ) from AOS tended to be associated with higher OP v DTT (β = 0.09 hPa × s / L ; 95% CI: - 0.06 , 0.24) and OP v AA (IQR = 1.14 nmol / min / m 3 ; β = 0.12 hPa × s / L ; 95% CI: - 0.04 , 0.27) but not with PM 2.5 (IQR = 6.9 μ g / m 3 ; β = 0.02 hPa × s / L ; 95% CI: - 0.13 , 0.16). Results for FRC and Rrs 7 - 19 remained similar in OP models adjusted on PM 2.5 . DISCUSSION Prenatal exposure to OP v DTT was associated with several offspring lung function parameters over time, all related to lung volumes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Marsal
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), INRAE, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
- Agence de l’environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie, Angers, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), INRAE, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), INRAE, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Boudier
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Pediatric Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Darfeuil
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), INRAE, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
| | - Rhabira Elazzouzi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), INRAE, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
| | - Yoann Gioria
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ryan Chartier
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Pediatric Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Joane Quentin
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Department of Pulmonology and Physiology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sam Bayat
- Department of Pulmonology and Physiology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm UA07 STOBE Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), INRAE, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - the SEPAGES cohort study group
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), INRAE, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Pediatric Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Department of Pulmonology and Physiology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm UA07 STOBE Laboratory, Grenoble, France
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Agence de l’environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie, Angers, France
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16
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Zhou W, Ming X, Yang Y, Hu Y, He Z, Chen H, Li Y, Cheng J, Zhou X. Associations between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and very low birth weight: A birth cohort study in Chongqing, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1123594. [PMID: 36960371 PMCID: PMC10028238 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1123594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There have been many researches done on the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes, but few studies related to very low birth weight (VLBW). This study thus explores the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of VLBW, and estimates the sensitive exposure time window. Methods A retrospective cohort study analyzed in Chongqing, China, during 2015-2020. The Generalized Additive Model were applied to estimate exposures for each participant during each trimester and the entire pregnancy period. Results For each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 during pregnancy, the relative risk of VLBW increased on the first trimester, with RR = 1.100 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.195) in the single-pollutant model. Similarly, for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10, there was a 12.9% (RR = 1.129, 95% CI: 1.055, 1.209) increase for VLBW on the first trimester in the single-pollutant model, and an 11.5% (RR = 1.115, 95% CI: 1.024, 1.213) increase in the multi-pollutant model, respectively. The first and second trimester exposures of NO2 were found to have statistically significant RR values for VLBW. The RR values on the first trimester were 1.131 (95% CI: 1.037, 1.233) and 1.112 (95% CI: 1.015, 1.218) in the single-pollutant model and multi-pollutant model, respectively; The RR values on the second trimester were 1.129 (95% CI: 1.027, 1.241) and 1.146 (95% CI: 1.038, 1.265) in the single-pollutant model and multi-pollutant model, respectively. The RR of O3 exposure for VLBW on the entire trimester was 1.076 (95% CI: 1.010-1.146), and on the second trimester was 1.078 (95% CI: 1:016, 1.144) in the single-pollutant model. Conclusion This study indicates that maternal exposure to high levels of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 during pregnancy may increase the risk of very low birth weight, especially for exposure on the first and second trimester. Reducing the risk of early maternal exposure to ambient air pollution is thus necessary for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Zhou
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Ming
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunping Yang
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqiong Hu
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyi He
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yannan Li
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Jin Cheng
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojun Zhou
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17
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Ji X, Qin R, Shi C, Yang L, Yao L, Deng S, Qu G, Yin Y, Hu L, Shi J, Jiang G. Dynamic landscape of multi-elements in PM 2.5 revealed by real-time analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107607. [PMID: 36332492 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal components in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are closely associated with many adverse health outcomes. Dynamic changes of metals in PM2.5 are critical for risk assessment due to their temporal variations. Herein, an online method for real-time determination of multi-elements (As, Cd, Cs, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sn, Tl, and V) in PM2.5 was established by directly introducing air samples into inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Meanwhile, a quantified method using metal standard aerosols (Cr, Mo, and W) and high time resolution for 3.3 min online measurement was developed and validated. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.001-6.30 ng/m3 for different metals. Subsequently, the real-time contents of multi-elements in PM2.5 for 12 h over 33 days were measured at different air qualities. Temporal variations of crustal elements like Fe, Mg are similar to PM2.5, whereas toxic elements (Pb, As and Cd) have upward trends at dusk. This denoted the association with various emission sources and different exposure concentrations of metals. In addition to the acquisition of real-time information, online analysis of multi-elements in PM2.5 is beneficial for atmospheric monitoring and provides critical insights into the different exposure risks of metals in PM2.5 at varying times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ruiliang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shenxi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
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18
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Korsiak J, Lavigne E, You H, Pollitt K, Kulka R, Hatzopoulou M, Evans G, Burnett RT, Weichenthal S. Air Pollution and Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations: Effect Modification by Particle Constituents and Oxidative Potential. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1370-1378. [PMID: 35802828 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202205-0896oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Outdoor particulate and gaseous air pollutants impair respiratory health in children, and these associations may be influenced by particle composition. Objectives: To examine whether associations between short-term variations in fine particulate air pollution, oxidant gases, and respiratory hospitalizations in children are modified by particle constituents (metals and sulfur) or oxidative potential. Methods: We conducted a case-crossover study of 10,500 children (0-17 years of age) across Canada. Daily fine particle mass concentrations and oxidant gases (nitrogen dioxide and ozone) were collected from ground monitors. Monthly estimates of fine particle constituents (metals and sulfur) and oxidative potential were also measured. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between air pollutants and respiratory hospitalizations, above and below median values for particle constituents and oxidative potential. Measurements and Main Results: Lag-1 fine particulate matter mass concentrations were not associated with respiratory hospitalizations (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval per 10 μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter: 1.004 [0.955-1.056]) in analyses ignoring particle constituents and oxidative potential. However, when models were examined above or below median metals, sulfur, and oxidative potential, positive associations were observed above the median. For example, the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval per 10 μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter were 1.084 (1.007-1.167) when copper was above the median and 0.970 (0.929-1.014) when copper was below the median. Similar trends were observed for oxidant gases. Conclusions: Stronger associations were observed between outdoor fine particles, oxidant gases, and respiratory hospitalizations in children when metals, sulfur, and particle oxidative potential were elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Korsiak
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongyu You
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krystal Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Ryan Kulka
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Greg Evans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, and
| | | | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Toyib O, Lavigne E, Traub A, Umbrio D, You H, Ripley S, Pollitt K, Shin T, Kulka R, Jessiman B, Tjepkema M, Martin R, Stieb DM, Hatzopoulou M, Evans G, Burnett RT, Weichenthal S. Long-term Exposure to Oxidant Gases and Mortality: Effect Modification by PM 2.5 Transition Metals and Oxidative Potential. Epidemiology 2022; 33:767-776. [PMID: 36165987 PMCID: PMC9531968 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populations are simultaneously exposed to outdoor concentrations of oxidant gases (i.e., O 3 and NO 2 ) and fine particulate air pollution (PM 2.5 ). Since oxidative stress is thought to be an important mechanism explaining air pollution health effects, the adverse health impacts of oxidant gases may be greater in locations where PM 2.5 is more capable of causing oxidative stress. METHODS We conducted a cohort study of 2 million adults in Canada between 2001 and 2016 living within 10 km of ground-level monitoring sites for outdoor PM 2.5 components and oxidative potential. O x exposures (i.e., the redox-weighted average of O 3 and NO 2 ) were estimated using a combination of chemical transport models, land use regression models, and ground-level data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between 3-year moving average O x and mortality outcomes across strata of transition metals and sulfur in PM 2.5 and three measures of PM 2.5 oxidative potential adjusting for possible confounding factors. RESULTS Associations between O x and mortality were consistently stronger in regions with elevated PM 2.5 transition metal/sulfur content and oxidative potential. For example, each interquartile increase (6.27 ppb) in O x was associated with a 14.9% (95% CI = 13.0, 16.9) increased risk of nonaccidental mortality in locations with glutathione-related oxidative potential (OP GSH ) above the median whereas a 2.50% (95% CI = 0.600, 4.40) increase was observed in regions with OP GSH levels below the median (interaction P value <0.001). CONCLUSION Spatial variations in PM 2.5 composition and oxidative potential may contribute to heterogeneity in the observed health impacts of long-term exposures to oxidant gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaniyan Toyib
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Traub
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dana Umbrio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongyu You
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susannah Ripley
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Krystal Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale, New Haven, CT
| | - Tim Shin
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Kulka
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Randall Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Washington University, St Louis, MI
| | - Dave M. Stieb
- Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Greg Evans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Scott Weichenthal
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Yu Z, Zhang X, Zhang J, Feng Y, Zhang H, Wan Z, Xiao C, Zhang H, Wang Q, Huang C. Gestational exposure to ambient particulate matter and preterm birth: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113381. [PMID: 35523275 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on gestational particulate matter (PM) exposure and preterm birth (PTB) showed inconsistent results, and no study systematically examined the short-term effect of PM exposure on PTB subtypes. To investigate both long- and short-term effects of the evidence to date in general population, we searched for epidemiological studies on PM exposure and PTB that published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library up to March 31, 2022. The protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021265202). Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's tests. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were performed. Of 16,801 records, 84 eligible studies were finally included. The meta-analysis of long-term effect showed that per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 during entire pregnancy were associated with PTB, the pooled odds ratios (ORs) were 1.084 (95% CI: 1.055-1.113) and 1.034 (95% CI: 1.018-1.049). Positive associations were found between PM2.5 in second trimester and PTB subtypes. For the short-term exposure, we observed that PTB was positively associated with a 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 on lag day 2 and 3, the pooled ORs and 95% CIs were 1.003 (1.001-1.004) and 1.003 (1.001-1.005), with I2 of 65.30% and 76.60%. PM10 exposure on ave day 1 increased the risk of PTB, the pooled OR was 1.001 (95% CI: 1.000, 1.001). We also found that PM10 exposure in 2 weeks prior to birth increased PTB risk. Our results support the hypothesis of both long- and short-term PM2.5 exposure increase the risk of PTB. Further well-designed longitudinal studies and investigations into potential biological mechanisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junxi Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention; Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Feng
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Xiao
- School of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention; Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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21
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Ripley S, Minet L, Zalzal J, Godri Pollitt K, Gao D, Lakey PSJ, Shiraiwa M, Maher BA, Hatzopoulou M, Weichenthal S. Predicting Spatial Variations in Multiple Measures of PM 2.5 Oxidative Potential and Magnetite Nanoparticles in Toronto and Montreal, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7256-7265. [PMID: 34965092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest to move beyond fine particle mass concentrations (PM2.5) when evaluating the population health impacts of outdoor air pollution. However, few exposure models are currently available to support such analyses. In this study, we conducted large-scale monitoring campaigns across Montreal and Toronto, Canada during summer 2018 and winter 2019 and developed models to predict spatial variations in (1) the ability of PM2.5 to generate reactive oxygen species in the lung fluid (ROS), (2) PM2.5 oxidative potential based on the depletion of ascorbate (OPAA) and glutathione (OPGSH) in a cell-free assay, and (3) anhysteretic magnetic remanence (XARM) as an indicator of magnetite nanoparticles. We also examined how exposure to PM oxidative capacity metrics (ROS/OP) varied by socioeconomic status within each city. In Montreal, areas with higher material deprivation, indicating lower area-level average household income and employment, were exposed to PM2.5 characterized by higher ROS and OP. This relationship was not observed in Toronto. The developed models will be used in epidemiologic studies to assess the health effects of exposure to PM2.5 and iron-rich magnetic nanoparticles in Toronto and Montreal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Ripley
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3A 1G1
| | - Laura Minet
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 1A4
| | - Jad Zalzal
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 1A4
| | - Krystal Godri Pollitt
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Dong Gao
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Barbara A Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K., LA1 4YW
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 1A4
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3A 1G1
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22
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Larsen K, Black P, Palmer AL, Sheppard AJ, Jamal S, Plain S, Peters C. Screening-level assessment of cancer risk associated with ambient air exposure in Aamjiwnaang First Nation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1055-1066. [PMID: 33026840 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1827226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The manuscript reports findings from a screening-level assessment of cancer risk from outdoor air in Aamjiwnaang First Nation. Ambient air pollution can contribute to cardiovascular/respiratory diseases, and certain types of cancer. Certain communities may be at higher risk to the negative health impacts due to their geographical proximity to pollution sources. Outdoor air concentrations were mapped and the Lifetime Excess Cancer Risks (LECR) associated with long-term exposure to known carcinogens were estimated. LECR results for both benzene and 1,3-butadiene were above one per million. The LECR for benzene was 6.4 per million when the Health Canada slope factor was applied and 12.0 when using the US EPA. For 1,3-butadiene the LECR estimate was 8.8 per million. This work provides a better understanding of environmental exposures and potential associated cancer risks for residents in the Aamjiwnaang community and highlights the need for further air monitoring and a more detailed risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Larsen
- CAREX Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paleah Black
- CAREX Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alison L Palmer
- CAREX Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanda J Sheppard
- Ontario Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sara Plain
- Health Services, Aamjiwnaang First Nation, Sarnia, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryl Peters
- CAREX Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Preventive Oncology & Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
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23
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Zhou W, Ming X, Yang Y, Hu Y, He Z, Chen H, Li Y, Zhou X, Yin P. Association between Maternal Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Preterm Birth: A Birth Cohort Study in Chongqing, China, 2015-2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042211. [PMID: 35206398 PMCID: PMC8871940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent study results on the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution with preterm birth have been inconsistent. The sensitive window of exposure and influence level of air pollutants varied greatly. We aimed to explore the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of preterm birth, and to estimate the sensitive exposure time window. A total of 572,116 mother–newborn pairs, daily concentrations of air pollutants from nearest monitoring stations were used to estimate exposures for each participant during 2015–2020 in Chongqing, China. We applied a generalized additive model and estimated RRs and 95% CIs for preterm birth in each trimester and the entire pregnancy period. In the single-pollutant model, we observed that each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 had a statistically significant effect on the third trimester and entire pregnancy, with RR = 1.036 (95% CI: 1.021, 1.051) and RR = 1.101 (95% CI: 1.075, 1.128), respectively. Similarly, for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10, there were 2.7% (RR = 1.027, 95% CI: 1.016, 1.038) increase for PTB on the third trimester, and 3.8% (RR = 1.038, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.057) increase during the whole pregnancy. We found that for each 10 mg/m3 CO increases, the relative risk of PTB increased on the first trimester (RR = 1.081, 95% CI: 1.007, 1.162), second trimester (RR = 1.116, 95% CI: 1.035, 1.204), third trimester (RR = 1.167, 95% CI: 1.090, 1.250) and whole pregnancy (RR = 1.098, 95% CI: 1.011, 1.192). No statistically significant RR was found for SO2 and NO2 on each trimester of pregnancy. Our study indicates that maternal exposure to high levels of PM2.5 and PM10 during pregnancy may increase the risk for preterm birth, especially for women at the late stage of pregnancy. Statistically increased risks of preterm birth were associated with CO exposure during each trimester and entire pregnancy. Reducing exposure to ambient air pollutants for pregnant women is clearly necessary to improve the health of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China; (X.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xin Ming
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China; (X.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunping Yang
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China; (X.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaqiong Hu
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China; (X.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ziyi He
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China; (X.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China; (X.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yannan Li
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China; (X.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China; (X.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.C.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (P.Y.)
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24
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A Simple Method to Establish Sufficiency and Stability in Meta-Analyses: With Application to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Preterm Birth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042036. [PMID: 35206221 PMCID: PMC8871712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) is a potential cause of preterm birth. Inconsistent findings from observational studies have motivated researchers to conduct more studies, but some degree of study heterogeneity is inevitable. The consequence of this feedback is a burgeoning research effort that results in marginal gains. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a method to establish the sufficiency and stability of estimates of associations as they have been published over time. Cohort studies identified in a recent systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between preterm birth and whole-pregnancy exposure to PM2.5 were selected. The estimates of the cohort studies were pooled with cumulative meta-analysis, whereby a new meta-analysis was run for each new study published over time. The relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) limits needed for a new study to move the cumulative RR to 1.00 were calculated. Findings indicate that the cumulative relative risks (cRR) for PM2.5 (cRR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03, 1.12) converged in 2015 (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.14). To change conclusions to a null association, a new study would need to observe a protective RR of 0.93 (95% CI limit 1.02) with precision equivalent to that achieved by all past 24 cohort studies combined. Preterm birth is associated with elevated PM2.5, and it is highly unlikely that any new observational study will alter this conclusion. Consequently, establishing whether an observational association exists is now less relevant an objective for future studies than characterising risk (magnitude, impact, pathways, populations and potential bias) and interventions. Sufficiency and stability can be effectively applied in meta-analyses and have the potential to reduce research waste.
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25
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Gong C, Wang J, Bai Z, Rich DQ, Zhang Y. Maternal exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and term birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect estimates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150744. [PMID: 34619220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effect estimates of prenatal exposure to ambient PM2.5 on change in grams (β) of birth weight among term births (≥37 weeks of gestation; term birth weight, TBW) vary widely across studies. We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence regarding these associations. Sixty-two studies met the eligibility criteria for this review, and 31 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to assess the quantitative relationships. Subgroup analyses were performed to gain insight into heterogeneity derived from exposure assessment methods (grouped by land use regression [LUR]-models, aerosol optical depth [AOD]-based models, interpolation/dispersion/Bayesian models, and data from monitoring stations), study regions, and concentrations of PM2.5 exposure. The overall pooled estimate involving 23,925,941 newborns showed that TBW was negatively associated with PM2.5 exposure (per 10 μg/m3 increment) during the entire pregnancy (β = -16.54 g), but with high heterogeneity (I2 = 95.6%). The effect estimate in the LUR-models subgroup (β = -16.77 g) was the closest to the overall estimate and with less heterogeneity (I2 = 18.3%) than in the other subgroups of AOD-based models (β = -41.58 g; I2 = 95.6%), interpolation/dispersion models (β = -10.78 g; I2 = 86.6%), and data from monitoring stations (β = -11.53 g; I2 = 97.3%). Even PM2.5 exposure levels of lower than 10 μg/m3 (the WHO air quality guideline value) had adverse effects on TBW. The LUR-models subgroup was the only subgroup that obtained similar significant of negative associations during the three trimesters as the overall trimester-specific analyses. In conclusion, TBW was negatively associated with maternal PM2.5 exposures during the entire pregnancy and each trimester. More studies based on relatively standardized exposure assessment methods need to be conducted to further understand the precise susceptible exposure time windows and potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gong
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
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26
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Johnson M, Shin HH, Roberts E, Sun L, Fisher M, Hystad P, Van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Fraser WD, Lavigne E, Clark N, Beaulac V, Arbuckle TE. Critical Time Windows for Air Pollution Exposure and Birth Weight in a Multicity Canadian Pregnancy Cohort. Epidemiology 2022; 33:7-16. [PMID: 34669628 PMCID: PMC8614564 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal prenatal exposure to air pollution has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, previous studies focused on a priori time intervals such as trimesters reported inconsistent associations. OBJECTIVES We investigated time-varying vulnerability of birth weight to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using flexible time intervals. METHODS We analyzed 1,300 live, full-term births from Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals, a Canadian prospective pregnancy cohort spanning 10 cities (2008-2011). Daily PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were estimated from ground-level monitoring, satellite models, and land-use regression, and assigned to participants from pre-pregnancy through delivery. We developed a flexible two-stage modeling method-using a Bayesian Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and empirical density threshold-to identify time-dependent vulnerability to air pollution without specifying exposure periods a priori. This approach identified critical windows with varying lengths (2-363 days) and critical windows that fell within, or straddled, predetermined time periods (i.e., trimesters). We adjusted the models for detailed infant and maternal covariates. RESULTS Critical windows associated with reduced birth weight were identified during mid- to late-pregnancy for both PM2.5 and NO2: -6 g (95% credible interval: -11, -1 g) and -5 g (-10, -0.1 g) per µg/m3 PM2.5 during gestational days 91-139 and 249-272, respectively; and -3 g (-5, -1 g) per ppb NO2 during days 55-145. DISCUSSION We used a novel, flexible selection method to identify critical windows when maternal exposures to air pollution were associated with decrements in birth weight. Our results suggest that air pollution impacts on fetal development may not be adequately captured by trimester-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markey Johnson
- From the Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hwashin Hyun Shin
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Liu Sun
- From the Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Perry Hystad
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Aaron Van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Randall V. Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Eric Lavigne
- From the Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nina Clark
- From the Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Beaulac
- From the Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tye E. Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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27
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Ritz B, Yan Q, He D, Wu J, Walker DI, Uppal K, Jones DP, Heck JE. Child serum metabolome and traffic-related air pollution exposure in pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111907. [PMID: 34419469 PMCID: PMC8926017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollution during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes and childhood disorders. High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) has previously been employed to identify metabolic responses to traffic-related air pollution in adults, including pregnant women. Thus far, no studies have examined metabolic effects of air pollution exposure in utero on neonates. METHODS We retrieved stored neonatal blood spots for 241 children born in California between 1998 and 2007. These children were randomly selected from all California birth rolls to serve as birth-year matched controls for children with retinoblastoma identified from the California cancer registry for a case control study of childhood cancer. We estimated prenatal traffic-related air pollution exposure (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5)) during the third-trimester using the California Line Source Dispersion Model, version 4 (CALINE4) based on residential addresses recorded at birth. We employed untargeted HRM to obtain metabolic profiles, and metabolites associated with air pollution exposure were identified using partial least squares (PLS) regression and linear regressions. Biological effects were characterized using pathway enrichment analyses adjusting for potential confounders including maternal age, race/ethnicity, and education. RESULTS In total we extracted 4038 and 4957 metabolite features from neonatal blood spots in hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) chromatography (positive ion mode) and C18 reverse phase columns (negative ion mode), respectively. After controlling for confounding factors, partial least square regression (Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) ≥ 2) selected 402 HILIC positive and 182 C18 negative features as statistically significantly associated with increasing third trimester PM2.5 exposure. Using pathway enrichment analysis, we identified metabolites in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways as being altered, primarily involving lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION The metabolite features and pathways associated with air pollution exposure in neonates suggest that maternal exposure during late pregnancy contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation in newborn children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, CA, USA.
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Di He
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Program in Public Health, UCI Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julia E Heck
- College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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28
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Ambient air pollution and inflammatory effects in a Canadian pregnancy cohort. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e168. [PMID: 34934889 PMCID: PMC8683146 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Epidemiologic studies have consistently reported associations between air pollution and pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, the biologic mechanisms underlying these relationships remain unclear as few studies have collected relevant biomarker data. We examined relationships between ambient PM2.5 and NO2 with markers of inflammation during pregnancy in a prospective cohort of Canadian women. Methods: We analyzed data from 1170 women enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals study. Daily residential PM2.5 and NO2 exposures during pregnancy were estimated using satellite-based and land-use regression models and used to create 14-day and 30-day exposure windows before blood-draw. Inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in third trimester plasma samples. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 and NO2 and markers of inflammation, while adjusting for individual-level confounders. Results: Fourteen-day (IQR: 6.85 µg/m3) and 30-day (IQR: 6.15 µg/m3) average PM2.5 exposures before blood-draw were positively associated with C-reactive protein after adjustment for covariates (24.6% [95% CI = 9.4, 41.9] and 17.4% [95% CI = 1.0, 35.0] increases, respectively). This association was found to be robust in several sensitivity analyses. Neither PM2.5 nor NO2 exposures were associated with interleukin-6, interleukin-8, or tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusion: Exposure to ambient PM2.5 is positively associated with maternal inflammatory pathways in late pregnancy. This may contribute to positive associations between ambient PM2.5 and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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29
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Ju L, Li C, Yang M, Sun S, Zhang Q, Cao J, Ding R. Maternal air pollution exposure increases the risk of preterm birth: Evidence from the meta-analysis of cohort studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111654. [PMID: 34252430 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB), a major public health impact, has been shown to be associated with prenatal air pollution exposure, but the results are still inconsistent. This meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively evaluate the correlation between maternal air pollutant exposure and PTB, and provide evidence of higher grade to help improving the pregnancy outcomes. Databases including Web of Science and PubMed were searched to retrieve eligible studies published up to October 2020. The quality of the articles was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Score (NOS), after which the pooled estimate of the effect was calculated. The robustness of the joint estimates was confirmed by sensitivity analysis of excluded studies one by one, and the sources of heterogeneity were discussed by stratification analysis. Egger's and Begg's tests were performed to examine publication bias. Sixty studies that met the eligible criteria were finally included in this study. The findings showed combined relative risks of 1.032-1.070 for PTB, 0.859-1.081 for moderate PTB, 1.119-1.194 for very PTB and 1.128-1.259 for extremely PTB when mothers were exposed to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3, SO2, CO and NOx during pregnancy, while the sensitive windows varied for different air pollutants. Notably, PM2.5 exposure in only the 2nd trimester, NO2 exposure in only the 3rd trimester, and O3 exposure in all three trimesters were positively associated with PTB, while NO2 exposure in the 1st trimester was negatively associated with PTB. In addition, exposure of PM2.5 and PM10 in the 2nd trimester was positively associated with moderate PTB, and in the 1st and 2nd trimesters were positively associated with very PTB. These findings demonstrated that PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2 were associated with PTB (including moderate PTB, very PTB, and/or extremely PTB), while NOx was not, and the relationship between CO and SO2 and PTB was not stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Ju
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Changlian Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Shu Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Department of Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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30
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Chu C, Zhu Y, Liu C, Chen R, Yan Y, Ren Y, Li X, Wang J, Ge W, Kan H, Gui Y. Ambient fine particulate matter air pollution and the risk of preterm birth: A multicenter birth cohort study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117629. [PMID: 34182393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB), defined as live birth before the 37th week of gestation, is believed to have profound impacts on the infant's health in later life. Air pollution has been suggested to be a potential risk factor of PTB, but the evidence was inconsistent. In this multicenter birth cohort study, we aimed to examine the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure during pregnancy and PTB in China. A total of 5976 live births were identified between Jan. 2009 and Feb. 2011 from 8 provinces in China. Residential exposures to PM2.5 were assigned based on satellite remote sensing estimates. Cox proportional hazards regressions were employed to explore the correlation for each trimester as well as the entire pregnancy. A total of 443 (7.4%) preterm births were observed. The average PM2.5 during pregnancy was 57.2 ± 8.8 μg/m3. We found exposure to PM2.5 during the whole pregnancy (hazard ratio, HR = 1.262; 95% CI: 1.087-1.465) and in the first trimester (HR = 1.114; 95% CI: 1.007-1.232) was associated with higher risk of PTB. The associations of PM2.5 were stronger for subjects with older maternal or paternal age, lower maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, and lower family income. This study adds supports to the cumulating evidence linking PM2.5 exposure and elevated PTB risk. Measures of air pollution reduction are needed during pregnancy, especially at early stage of pregnancy to prevent adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chu
- Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiang Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingliu Yan
- Ultrasound Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyun Ren
- Ultrasound Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimei Wang
- Neonatology Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhen Ge
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10605, United States
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yonghao Gui
- Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China.
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Liu J, Zhao M, Zhang H, Zhao J, Kong H, Zhou M, Guan Y, Li TC, Wang X, Chan DYL. Associations between ambient air pollution and IVF outcomes in a heavily polluted city in China. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 44:49-62. [PMID: 34836814 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Is air pollution related to IVF outcomes in a heavily polluted city in China? DESIGN A retrospective cohort study of 8628 fresh, autologous IVF cycles was conducted for the first time at the Reproductive Medicine Center of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between May 2014 and December 2018 (oocyte retrieval date). The exposure was divided into four periods (gonadotrophin injection to oocyte retrieval [P1], oocyte retrieval to embryo transfer [P2], 1 day after embryo transfer to embryo transfer +14 days [P3] and gonadotrophin injection to embryo transfer +14 days [P4]) and four levels (Q1-Q4 according to their 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles). RESULTS An interquartile range increase (Q2 versus Q1) in particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) during P3 and P4 and sulphur dioxide (SO2) during P3 significantly decreased the clinical pregnancy rate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-0.92 for PM10 of P3; aOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-1.00 for PM10 of P4; aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.93 for SO2 of P3). In addition, PM10 was associated with an increased biochemical pregnancy rate (Q3 versus Q1: aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.09-2.19 for PM10 of P1) and decreased live birth rate (Q2 versus Q1: aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77-0.99 for PM10 of P3). The multivariate regression results were consistent with that of multiple treatments propensity score method (PSM) for SO2 pollutants in P3 and PM10 pollutants in P4. CONCLUSION From the early follicular stage to the pregnancy test period, high concentrations of PM10 and SO2 may have a negative impact on IVF treatment outcomes in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingpeng Zhao
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjiao Kong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengge Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yichun Guan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tin Chiu Li
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingling Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - David Yiu Leung Chan
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Weichenthal S, Lavigne E, Traub A, Umbrio D, You H, Pollitt K, Shin T, Kulka R, Stieb DM, Korsiak J, Jessiman B, Brook JR, Hatzopoulou M, Evans G, Burnett RT. Association of Sulfur, Transition Metals, and the Oxidative Potential of Outdoor PM2.5 with Acute Cardiovascular Events: A Case-Crossover Study of Canadian Adults. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:107005. [PMID: 34644144 PMCID: PMC8513754 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We do not currently understand how spatiotemporal variations in the composition of fine particulate air pollution [fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5)] affects population health risks. However, recent evidence suggests that joint concentrations of transition metals and sulfate may influence the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 and associated health impacts. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to evaluate how combinations of transition metals/OP and sulfur content in outdoor PM2.5 influence associations with acute cardiovascular events. METHODS We conducted a national case-crossover study of outdoor PM2.5 and acute cardiovascular events in Canada between 2016 and 2017 (93,344 adult cases). Monthly mean transition metal and sulfur (S) concentrations in PM2.5 were determined prospectively along with estimates of OP using acellular assays for glutathione (OPGSH), ascorbate (OPAA), and dithiothreitol depletion (OPDTT). Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for PM2.5 across strata of transition metals/OP and sulfur. RESULTS Among men, the magnitudes of observed associations were strongest when both transition metal and sulfur content were elevated. For example, an OR of 1.078 (95% CI: 1.049, 1.108) (per 10μg/m3) was observed for cardiovascular events in men when both copper and S were above the median, whereas a weaker association was observed when both elements were below median values (OR=1.019, 95% CI: 1.007, 1.031). A similar pattern was observed for OP metrics. PM2.5 was not associated with acute cardiovascular events in women. DISCUSSION The combined transition metal and sulfur content of outdoor PM2.5 influences the strength of association with acute cardiovascular events in men. Regions with elevated concentrations of both sulfur and transition metals in PM2.5 should be examined as priority areas for regulatory interventions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alison Traub
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dana Umbrio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hongyu You
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Krystal Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tim Shin
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ryan Kulka
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dave M. Stieb
- Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jill Korsiak
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Barry Jessiman
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jeff R. Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Greg Evans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zhang J, Chen G, Liang S, Liu J, Zhang J, Shen H, Chen Y, Duan J, Sun Z. PM 2.5 exposure exaggerates the risk of adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women with pre-existing hyperlipidemia: Modulation role of adipokines and lipidome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147604. [PMID: 33992945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The in-utero environmental exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) might lead to adverse birth outcomes, such as low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB), thereby increasing susceptibility to diseases in later life. However, no studies have examined the underlying mechanism through cross-omics of lipidome and adipokines profiling, as well as the possible effect modification by maternal hyperlipidemia. In total, 203 mother-newborn pairs were recruited in the birth cohort study ongoing since February 2017 in Beijing, China. Individual-level of PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a satellite data based random forest model. Cord blood lipidome and adipokines were assessed through the lipidomic approaches and antibody-based array. Multivariable logistic/linear regression models and moderation analysis were employed in this study. We observed a significantly increased risk of PTB associated with PM2.5 exposure during the second trimester, especially in pregnant women with pre-existing hyperlipidemia. 9 lipid classes and 21 adipokines were associated with PM2.5 exposure independently or significantly influenced by the interaction of maternal PM2.5 exposure and hyperlipidemia. In addition, 4 adipokines (ANGPTL4, IGFBP-2, IL-12p40, and TNF-RII) and 3 lipid classes [phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylinositols (PIs), and triglycerides (TGs)] were related to the increased risk of PTB, indicating that inflammation, IGF/IGFBP axis, and lipolysis induced lipid homeostasis disorder of PCs, TGs, and PIs might be the possible mediators for the PM2.5-induced adverse birth outcomes. Our results substantiated the need for reducing exposure in susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.
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Wang F, Chen Q, Zhan Y, Yang H, Zhang A, Ling X, Zhang H, Zhou W, Zou P, Sun L, Huang L, Chen H, Ao L, Liu J, Cao J, Zhou N. Acute effects of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution on reproductive hormones in young males of the MARHCS study in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145691. [PMID: 33611002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, which is associated with male reproductive health. However, it is unknown the acute effects of ambient air pollutants exposure on male reproductive hormones. The current study, we measured serum levels of reproductive hormone in 2030 blood samples gathered from The Male Reproductive Health in Chongqing College Students (MARHCS) cohort study. We derived a full coverage of ambient air pollutant (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO and O3) concentrations by employing machine learning algorithms, and used a mixed-effect model to estimate single-day and cumulative effects of air pollutants exposure on serum reproductive hormones. Our results showed that (1) PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were positively associated with estradiol (E2) in both single and cumulative lag days, but were negatively associated with the ratio of Testosterone/E2 (the T/E2 ratio). NO2 was positively associated with estradiol at lag day 2 (95% CI: 0.290, 0.881; corrected P = 0.048) and lag 0-2 days (95% CI: 0.523, 1.337; corrected P = 0.003), with progesterone (P) at lag day 2 and lag day 3 (corrected P < 0.05). There was also a positive association between CO exposure and progesterone at lag day 2. (2) SO2 was inversely associated with E2 at lag day 3, 4 and lag 0-4 days, and progesterone at lag day 0, 1, 2 and lag 0-1, 0-2, 0-4 days, but positively associated with the T/E2 ratio at lag day 3, 4 and lag 0-4 days (corrected P < 0.05). O3 exposure was negatively associated with E2 at lag day 3 (95% CI: -0.216, -0.074, corrected P = 0.03). (3) No significant associations were found between the cumulative daily average air pollutant exposure of CO, O3 and hormone outcomes. This study suggests that short-term exposure to air pollutants may thus alter reproductive hormone levels, especially on serum estradiol, progesterone levels and the T/E2 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xi Ling
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenzheng Zhou
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Linping Huang
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongqiang Chen
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Ao
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Niya Zhou
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Coker ES, Martin J, Bradley LD, Sem K, Clarke K, Sabo-Attwood T. A time series analysis of the ecologic relationship between acute and intermediate PM2.5 exposure duration on neonatal intensive care unit admissions in Florida. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110374. [PMID: 33131682 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Admissions of newborn infants into Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) has increased in the US over the last decade yet the role of environmental exposures as a risk factor for NICU admissions is under studied. Our study aims to determine the ecologic association between acute and intermediate ambient PM2.5 exposure durations and rates of NICU admissions, and to explore whether this association differs by area-level social stressors and meteorological factors. We conducted an ecologic time-series analysis of singleton neonates (N = 1,027,797) born in Florida hospitals between December 26, 2011 to April 30, 2019. We used electronic medical records (EMRs) in the OneFlorida Data Trust and included infants with a ZIP code in a Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) and excluded extreme preterm births (<24wks gestation). The study outcome is the number of daily NICU admission at 28 days old or younger for each ZIP code in the study area. The exposures of interest are average same day, 1- and 2-day lags, and 1-3 weeks ambient PM2.5 concentration at the ZIP code-level estimated using inverse distance weighting (IDW) for each day of the study period. We used a zero-inflated Poisson regression mixed effects models to estimate adjusted associations between acute and intermediate PM2.5 exposure durations and NICU admissions rates. NICU admissions rates increased over time during the study period. Ambient 7-day average PM2.5 concentrations was significantly associated with incidence of NICU admissions, with an interquartile range (IQR = 2.37 μg/m3) increase associated with a 1.4% (95% CI: 0.4%, 2.4%) higher adjusted incidence of daily NICU admissions. No other exposure duration metrics showed a significant association with daily NICU admission rates. The magnitude of the association between PM2.5 7-day average concentrations with NICU admissions was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among ZIP codes with higher proportions of non-Hispanic Blacks, ZIP codes with household incomes in the lowest quartile, and on days with higher relative humidity. Our data shows a positive relationship between acute (7-day average) PM2.5 concentrations and daily NICU admissions in Metropolitan Statistical Areas of Florida. The observed associations were stronger in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, areas with higher proportions with non-Hispanic Blacks, and on days with higher relative humidity. Further research is warranted to study other air pollutants and multipollutant effects and identify health conditions that are driving these associations with NICU admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Coker
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - James Martin
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren D Bradley
- University of Florida, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karen Sem
- University of Florida, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kayan Clarke
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Uwak I, Olson N, Fuentes A, Moriarty M, Pulczinski J, Lam J, Xu X, Taylor BD, Taiwo S, Koehler K, Foster M, Chiu WA, Johnson NM. Application of the navigation guide systematic review methodology to evaluate prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution and infant birth weight. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 148:106378. [PMID: 33508708 PMCID: PMC7879710 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Low birth weight is an important risk factor for many co-morbidities both in early life as well as in adulthood. Numerous studies report associations between prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and low birth weight. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses report varying effect sizes and significant heterogeneity between studies, but did not systematically evaluate the quality of individual studies or the overall body of evidence. We conducted a new systematic review to determine how prenatal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and coarse PM (PM2.5-10) by trimester and across pregnancy affects infant birth weight. Using the Navigation Guide methodology, we developed and applied a systematic review protocol [CRD42017058805] that included a comprehensive search of the epidemiological literature, risk of bias (ROB) determination, meta-analysis, and evidence evaluation, all using pre-established criteria. In total, 53 studies met our inclusion criteria, which included evaluation of birth weight as a continuous variable. For PM2.5 and PM10, we restricted meta-analyses to studies determined overall as "low" or "probably low" ROB; none of the studies evaluating coarse PM were rated as "low" or "probably low" risk of bias, so all studies were used. For PM2.5, we observed that for every 10 µg/m3 increase in exposure to PM2.5 in the 2nd or 3rd trimester, respectively, there was an associated 5.69 g decrease (I2: 68%, 95% CI: -10.58, -0.79) or 10.67 g decrease in birth weight (I2: 84%, 95% CI: -20.91, -0.43). Over the entire pregnancy, for every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure, there was an associated 27.55 g decrease in birth weight (I2: 94%, 95% CI: -48.45, -6.65). However, the quality of evidence for PM2.5 was rated as "low" due to imprecision and/or unexplained heterogeneity among different studies. For PM10, we observed that for every 10 µg/m3 increase in exposure in the 3rd trimester or the entire pregnancy, there was a 6.57 g decrease (I2: 0%, 95% CI: -10.66, -2.48) or 8.65 g decrease in birth weight (I2: 84%, 95% CI: -16.83, -0.48), respectively. The quality of evidence for PM10 was rated as "moderate," as heterogeneity was either absent or could be explained. The quality of evidence for coarse PM was rated as very low/low (for risk of bias and imprecision). Overall, while evidence for PM2.5 and course PM was inadequate primarily due to heterogeneity and risk of bias, respectively, our results support the existence of an inverse association between prenatal PM10 exposure and low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyang Uwak
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Natalie Olson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Angelica Fuentes
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Megan Moriarty
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jairus Pulczinski
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juleen Lam
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA USA
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brandie D Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Taiwo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Foster
- Medical Sciences Library. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Natalie M Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Air Pollution and Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: Mediation Analysis Using Metabolomic Profiles. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 7:231-242. [PMID: 32770318 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review how to use metabolomic profiling in causal mediation analysis to assess epidemiological evidence for air pollution impacts on birth outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Maternal exposures to air pollutants have been associated with pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Causal mediation analysis enables us to estimate direct and indirect effects on outcomes (i.e., effect decomposition), elucidating causal mechanisms or effect pathways. Maternal metabolites and metabolic pathways are perturbed by air pollution exposures may lead to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, thus they can be considered mediators in the causal pathways. Metabolomic markers have been used to explain the biological mechanisms linking air pollution and respiratory function, and of arsenic exposure and birth weight. However, mediation analysis of metabolomic markers has not been used to assess air pollution effects on adverse birth outcomes. In this article, we describe the assumptions and applications of mediation analysis using metabolomic markers that elucidate the potential mechanisms of the effects of air pollution on adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. The hypothesis of mediation along specified pathways can be assessed within the structural causal modeling framework. For causal inferences, several assumptions that go beyond the data-including no uncontrolled confounding-need to be made to justify the effect decomposition. Nevertheless, studies that integrate metabolomic information in causal mediation analysis may greatly improve our understanding of the effects of ambient air pollution on adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes as they allow us to suggest and test hypotheses about underlying biological mechanisms in studies of pregnant women.
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Meng Y, Lu Y, Xiang H, Liu S. Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on the incidence of influenza in Wuhan, China: A time-series analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110327. [PMID: 33075359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that air pollution is associated with many adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases, cancer, and birth defects. Yet few studies dig into the relationship between air pollution and airborne infectious diseases. METHODS Daily data on influenza incidence were obtained from Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hubei CDC). Data on air pollutants including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ground-level ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) were retrieved from ten national air sampling stations located at Wuhan. We applied generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the associations between air pollution and the risk of influenza in Wuhan, China during 2015-2017. RESULTS In the single-day lag model, the largest effect estimates were observed at lag 0. An increased relative risk (RR) of influenza was significantly associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 (RR: 1.099; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011-1.195), NO2 (RR: 1.039; 95% CI: 1.013-1.065), and O3 (RR: 1.005; 95% CI: 0.994-1.016), respectively. In the multi-day lag model, concentrations of SO2, NO2, and O3 were statistically significantly associated with the risk of influenza at lag 0-1. The seasonal analysis suggests that the influence of air pollution on influenza is greater in the cold season as compared in the warm season in the early lag days. The multi-pollutant model indicates that NO2 may be a potential confounder for co-pollutants. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that air pollution may be associated with the risk of influenza in a broad sense. Therefore, when formulating policies to deal with influenza outbreaks in the future, factors regarding air pollution should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongna Meng
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health Sciences, University Hawaii at Manoa, 1960 East West Rd, Biomed Bldg, D105, Honolulu, USA
| | - Hao Xiang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, 430071, Wuhan, China.
| | - Suyang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, 430071, Wuhan, China.
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Han Y, Wang W, Wang X, Dong T, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Chen Y, Kan H, Xia Y. Prenatal exposure to fine particles, premature rupture of membranes and gestational age: A prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106146. [PMID: 32987218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between maternal exposure to fine particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and gestational age as well as premature rupture of membranes (PROM) remain unclear. Few studies have focused on preconception exposure and components of fine particles in China. METHODS A total of 1715 pregnant women were enrolled at hospitals affiliated with Nanjing Medical University from 2014 to 2015. Personal exposure to PM2.5 was estimated from preconception to the first trimester. Gestational age and PROM were investigated to explore their associations with PM2.5 and its components. RESULTS From 12 weeks before conception to the end of the first trimester, the gestational age was reduced by 0.89 days (95% CI: -1.37, -0.40) per 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 exposure. After the exposure period was separated into two groups, PM2.5 exposure reduced the gestational age by 0.35 days (95% CI: -0.59, -0.11) in the 12 weeks before pregnancy. With maternal exposure to PM2.5 early in the first trimester, gestational age was reduced by 0.62 days (95% CI: -1.09, -0.14). After mediation analysis, we found that PROM mediated the association between PM2.5 and gestational age from preconception to the first trimester. Components analysis indicated that exposure to black carbon, organic matter, and nitrate increased the risk of PROM and decreased gestational age. CONCLUSION Exposure to PM2.5 as well as some components of PM2.5 before and during early pregnancy was associated with PROM and gestational age. PROM might be a potential mediator in associations between PM2.5 as well as various components and gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Han
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
| | - Randall V Martin
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Central Lab, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 48 Huaishu Lane, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Laine JE, Bodinier B, Robinson O, Plusquin M, Scalbert A, Keski-Rahkonen P, Robinot N, Vermeulen R, Pizzi C, Asta F, Nawrot T, Gulliver J, Chatzi L, Kogevinas M, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Sunyer J, Vrijheid M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Vineis P. Prenatal Exposure to Multiple Air Pollutants, Mediating Molecular Mechanisms, and Shifts in Birthweight. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14502-14513. [PMID: 33124810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying adverse birth and later in life health effects from exposure to air pollution during the prenatal period have not been not fully elucidated, especially in the context of mixtures. We assessed the effects of prenatal exposure to mixtures of air pollutants of particulate matter (PM), PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen oxides, NO2, NOx, ultrafine particles (UFP), and oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 on infant birthweight in four European birth cohorts and the mechanistic underpinnings through cross-omics of metabolites and inflammatory proteins. The association between mixtures of air pollutants and birthweight z-scores (standardized for gestational age) was assessed for three different mixture models, using Bayesian machine kernel regression (BKMR). We determined the direct effect for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and mediation by cross-omic signatures (identified using sparse partial least-squares regression) using causal mediation BKMR models. There was a negative association with birthweight z-scores and exposure to mixtures of air pollutants, where up to -0.21 or approximately a 96 g decrease in birthweight, comparing the 75th percentile to the median level of exposure to the air pollutant mixture could occur. Shifts in birthweight z-scores from prenatal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were mediated by molecular mechanisms, represented by cross-omics scores. Interleukin-17 and epidermal growth factor were identified as important inflammatory responses underlyingair pollution-associated shifts in birthweight. Our results signify that by identifying mechanisms through which mixtures of air pollutants operate, the causality of air pollution-associated shifts in birthweight is better supported, substantiating the need for reducing exposure in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Laine
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Bodinier
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon 69372, France
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon 69372, France
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon 69372, France
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, Netherlands
| | - Costanza Pizzi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Federica Asta
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome 00147, Italy
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
- Department of Public Health, Environment and Health Unit, Leuven University (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 700 13, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
- Italian Institute of Technology, Genova 16163, Italy
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Qiu X, Fong KC, Shi L, Papatheodorou S, Di Q, Just A, Kosheleva A, Messerlian C, Schwartz JD. Prenatal exposure to particulate air pollution and gestational age at delivery in Massachusetts neonates 2001-2015: A perspective of causal modeling and health disparities. Environ Epidemiol 2020; 4:e113. [PMID: 33154990 PMCID: PMC7595249 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of evidence on causal effects of air pollution on gestational age (GA) at delivery. METHODS Inverse probability weighting (IPW) quantile regression was applied to derive causal marginal population-level GA reduction for GA percentiles associated with increased ambient particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) levels at maternal residential address for each trimester and the month preceding delivery using Massachusetts birth registry 2001 to 2015. Stratified analyses were conducted for neonatal sex, maternal age/race/education, and extreme ambient temperature conditions. RESULTS For neonates at 2.5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 97.5th percentiles of GA at delivery, we estimated an adjusted GA reduction of 4.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.4, 5.0), 1.9 days (1.6, 2.1), 1.2 days (1.0, 1.4), 0.82 days (0.72, 0.92), 0.74 days (0.54, 0.94), and 0.54 days (0.15, 0.93) for each 5 μg/m3 increment in third trimester average PM2.5 levels. Final gestational month average exposure yielded a similar effect with greater magnitude. Male neonates and neonates of younger (younger than 35 years) and African American mothers as well as with high/low extreme temperature exposure in third trimester were more affected. Estimates were consistently higher at lower GA percentiles, indicating preterm/early-term births being more affected. Low-exposure analyses yielded similar results, restricting to areas with PM2.5 levels under US ambient annual standard of 12 μg/m3. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 in late pregnancy reduced GA at delivery among Massachusetts neonates, especially among preterm/early-term births, male neonates, and neonates of younger and African American mothers. Exposure to extremely high/low temperature amplifies the effect of PM2.5 on GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Qiu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelvin C Fong
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stefania Papatheodorou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qian Di
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Allan Just
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Anna Kosheleva
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wang B, Xu S, Lu X, Ma L, Gao L, Zhang SY, Li R, Fu L, Wang H, Sun GP, Xu DX. Reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular genotoxic stress is involved in 1-nitropyrene-induced trophoblast cycle arrest and fetal growth restriction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113984. [PMID: 32041019 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1-nitropyrene (1-NP) is a key component of diesel exhaust-sourced fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Our recent study demonstrated that gestational 1-NP exposure caused placental proliferation inhibition and fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study aimed to investigate the role of genotoxic stress on 1-NP-induced placental proliferation inhibition and fetal IUGR. Human trophoblasts were exposed to 1-NP (10 μM). Growth index was reduced and PCNA was downregulated in 1-NP-exposed placental trophoblasts. More than 90% of 1-NP-exposed trophoblasts were arrested in either G0/G1 or G2/M phases. CDK1 and cyclin B, two G2/M cycle-related proteins, and CDK2, a G0/G1 cycle-related protein, were reduced in 1-NP-exposed trophoblasts. Phosphorylated Rb, a downstream molecule of CDK2, was inhibited in 1-NP-exposed trophoblasts. Moreover, DNA double-strand break was observed and γ-H2AX, another indicator of DNA double-strand break, was upregulated in 1-NP-exposed trophoblasts. Phosphorylated ATM, a key molecule of genotoxic stress, and its downstream molecule Chk2 were elevated. By contrast, Cdc25A, a downstream target of Chk2, was reduced in 1-NP-exposed trophoblasts. Phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN), a free radical scavenger, inhibited 1-NP-induced genotoxic stress and trophoblast cycle arrest. Animal experiment showed that N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, rescued 1-NP-induced placental proliferation inhibition and fetal IUGR in mice. These results provide evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cellular genotoxic stress partially contributes to 1-NP-induced placental proliferation inhibition and fetal IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shen Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shan-Yu Zhang
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Gao D, Ripley S, Weichenthal S, Godri Pollitt KJ. Ambient particulate matter oxidative potential: Chemical determinants, associated health effects, and strategies for risk management. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:7-25. [PMID: 32430137 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution has an adverse influence on human health. There is increasing evidence that oxidative potential (OP), the capacity of airborne pollutants to oxidize target molecules by generating redox oxidizing species, is a plausible metric for particulate matter (PM) toxicity. Here we describe the commonly used acellular techniques for measuring OP (respiratory tract lining fluid, dithiothreitol, ascorbic acid, and electron paramagnetic resonance assays) and review the PM chemical constituents that have been identified to drive the OP response. We further perform a review of the epidemiologic literature to identify studies that reported an association between exposure to ambient PM and a health outcome in a human population, and in which exposure was measured by both PM mass concentration and OP. Laboratory studies have shown that specific redox-active metals and quinones are able to contribute OP directly. However, interactions among PM species may alter the redox properties of PM components. In ambient PM measurements, all OP assays were found to be correlated with metals (Fe, Cu) and organic species (photochemically aged organics). Across the epidemiological studies reviewed, associations between fine PM (PM2.5) mass and cardio-respiratory outcomes were found to be stronger at elevated OP levels but findings varied across the different OP measurement techniques. Future work should aim to identify specific situations in which PM OP can improve air pollution exposure assessment and/or risk management. This may be particularly useful in countries with low PM2.5 mass concentrations over broad spatial scales where such information may greatly improve the efficiency of risk management activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Susannah Ripley
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.
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Kim JB, Prunicki M, Haddad F, Dant C, Sampath V, Patel R, Smith E, Akdis C, Balmes J, Snyder MP, Wu JC, Nadeau KC. Cumulative Lifetime Burden of Cardiovascular Disease From Early Exposure to Air Pollution. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014944. [PMID: 32174249 PMCID: PMC7335506 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The disease burden associated with air pollution continues to grow. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates ≈7 million people worldwide die yearly from exposure to polluted air, half of which-3.3 million-are attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD), greater than from major modifiable CVD risks including smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. This serious and growing health threat is attributed to increasing urbanization of the world's populations with consequent exposure to polluted air. Especially vulnerable are the elderly, patients with pre-existing CVD, and children. The cumulative lifetime burden in children is particularly of concern because their rapidly developing cardiopulmonary systems are more susceptible to damage and they spend more time outdoors and therefore inhale more pollutants. World Health Organization estimates that 93% of the world's children aged <15 years-1.8 billion children-breathe air that puts their health and development at risk. Here, we present growing scientific evidence, including from our own group, that chronic exposure to air pollution early in life is directly linked to development of major CVD risks, including obesity, hypertension, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we surveyed the literature for current knowledge of how pollution exposure early in life adversely impacts cardiovascular phenotypes, and lay the foundation for early intervention and other strategies that can help prevent this damage. We also discuss the need for better guidelines and additional research to validate exposure metrics and interventions that will ultimately help healthcare providers reduce the growing burden of CVD from pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCA
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Mary Prunicki
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma ResearchStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Francois Haddad
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCA
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Christopher Dant
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma ResearchStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma ResearchStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Rushali Patel
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma ResearchStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Eric Smith
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma ResearchStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - John Balmes
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San Francisco and Division of Environmental Health SciencesSchool of Public HealthUniversity of California BerkeleyCA
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genomics and Personalized MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma ResearchStanford UniversityStanfordCA
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, de Foy B, Cai T, Zhang Y. Impacts of Sources on PM 2.5 Oxidation Potential during and after the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference in Huairou, Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2585-2594. [PMID: 31951123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To illustrate the major sources responsible for the redox activity of ambient fine particles during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference in Beijing, 3 months of daytime (8:00-19:30 LST) and nighttime (20:00-7:30 LST) particulate kmatter (PM2.5) was collected in Huairou, Beijing from November 3, 2014 through January 31, 2015. PM2.5 compositions were analyzed, including elements, organic carbon, elemental carbon, water-soluble ions, organics, and redox activities measured by both the dithiothreitol and the macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. The mass-normalized redox activity was approximately constant during the noncontrol period (NCP) and control period (CP). The absolute value of the volume-normalized redox activity was about 4 times higher during NCP than that during CP, indicating the effectiveness of the control measures. The statistical analysis results showed that an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 mass, chemicals, and sources (μg/m3) was associated with the 1-3% increase in redox activity, indicating that the successful control did make a significant reduction in redox activity but did not elucidate that some source controls (i.e., vehicle emissions) could be more effective at reducing redox activity than other control programs (i.e., dust source). This study demonstrated that combustion particles from both solid fuels and liquid fuels could contribute to ROS generation. Furthermore, ROS could be formed in the atmosphere via photochemical reactions, which highlights the need to further research on their formation pathways. A better understanding of the relevant mechanistic pathways and different source contributors to ROS will help to guide strategies for targeted mitigation of the atmospheric oxidation potential and will also help to reduce the great disease stress caused by exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Institute of Bishan Eco-Environment, Bishan, Chongqing 402760, China
| | - James J Schauer
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Benjamin de Foy
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Tianqi Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering, Beijing 100854, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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47
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Liu Q, Lu Z, Xiong Y, Huang F, Zhou J, Schauer JJ. Oxidative potential of ambient PM 2.5 in Wuhan and its comparisons with eight areas of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134844. [PMID: 31704396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative potential (OP) is a good indicator for assessing health risk associated with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5, <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter). In this study, 24-h ambient PM2.5 samples were collected at three sampling sites throughout selected months of 2012 in Wuhan, Central China. Water soluble ions, metals, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), levoglucosan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and dicarboxylic acids were determined. The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay was used to characterize the oxidative potential of PM2.5. Linear regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to link OP to the individual redox-active components originating from diverse emission sources. The OP results from the three sites in Wuhan, combined with the findings from eight other field studies of OP conducted in China, were compiled in order to compare the OP data in developed countries. The average, normalized OP levels for volume and mass at the three sampling sites in Wuhan were in the range of 1.8-8.2 nmol min-1 m-3 and 18.2-52.8 nmol min-1 mg-1, respectively. The differences in OP levels across sampling sites depended on the temporal and spatial differences in redox-active components of PM2.5. Results from linear regression and PCA showed that the redox-active components emitted from secondary inorganic aerosols as well as secondary organic aerosols were associated with the volume normalized OP in Wuhan. Two notable findings are illustrated by synthesizing the OP results observed at multi-sites across China. Of the nine field studies conducted in China, the lowest measured mass-normalized OP levels are significantly higher than the highest OP levels from field studies conducted in developed continents. China shares the same sources responsible for OP (e.g., secondary sources, fuel combustion, biomass burning, and dust emissions) with several other countries in developed continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Zhaojie Lu
- College of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Fan Huang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiabin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - James J Schauer
- College of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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48
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Barn P, Gombojav E, Ochir C, Boldbaatar B, Beejin B, Naidan G, Galsuren J, Legtseg B, Byambaa T, Hutcheon JA, Janes C, Janssen PA, Lanphear BP, McCandless LC, Takaro TK, Venners SA, Webster GM, Palmer CD, Parsons PJ, Allen RW. Coal smoke, gestational cadmium exposure, and fetal growth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108830. [PMID: 31678728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational cadmium exposure may impair fetal growth. Coal smoke has largely been unexplored as a source of cadmium exposure. We investigated the relationship between gestational cadmium exposure and fetal growth, and assessed coal smoke as a potential source of airborne cadmium, among non-smoking pregnant women in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, where coal combustion in home heating stoves is a major source of outdoor and indoor air pollution. METHODS This observational study was nested within the Ulaanbaatar Gestation and Air Pollution Research (UGAAR) study, a randomized controlled trial of portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter air cleaner use during pregnancy, fetal growth, and early childhood development. We measured third trimester blood cadmium concentrations in 374 out of 465 participants who had a live birth. We used multiple linear and logistic regression to assess the relationships between log2-transformed maternal blood cadmium concentrations and birth weight, length, head circumference, ponderal index, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth in crude and adjusted models. We also evaluated the relationships between log2-transformed blood cadmium concentrations and the density of coal-burning stoves within 5000 m of each participant's apartment as a proxy of coal smoke emissions from home heating stoves. RESULTS The median (25th,75th percentile) blood cadmium concentration was 0.20 (0.15, 0.29) μg/L. A doubling of blood cadmium was associated with a 95 g (95% CI: 34, 155 g) reduction in birth weight in adjusted models. An interquartile range increase in coal stove density (from 3.4 to 4.9 gers/hectare) surrounding participants' apartments was associated with a 12.2% (95% CI: 0.3, 25.6%) increase in blood cadmium concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Gestational cadmium exposure was associated with reduced birth weight. In settings where coal is a widely used fuel, cadmium may play a role in the putative association between air pollution and impaired fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabjit Barn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Enkhjargal Gombojav
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Chimedsuren Ochir
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Buyantushig Boldbaatar
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Bolor Beejin
- Ministry of Health of Mongolia, Olympic Street-2, Government Building VIII, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gerel Naidan
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Jargalsaikhan Galsuren
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Bayarkhuu Legtseg
- Sukhbaatar District Health Center, 11 Horoo, Tsagdaagiin Gudamj, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tsogtbaatar Byambaa
- Ministry of Health of Mongolia, Olympic Street-2, Government Building VIII, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Jennifer A Hutcheon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, V6H 2N1, Canada
| | - Craig Janes
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Patricia A Janssen
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lawrence C McCandless
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Scott A Venners
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Glenys M Webster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, PO Box 509, 12201, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, PO Box 509, 12201, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Ryan W Allen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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49
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Zhu Q, Xia B, Zhao Y, Dai H, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Yang Q, Zhao Y, Wang P, La X, Shi H, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Predicting gestational personal exposure to PM 2.5 from satellite-driven ambient concentrations in Shanghai. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:452-461. [PMID: 31176908 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been widely reported that gestational exposure to fine particulate matters (PM2.5) is associated with a series of adverse birth outcomes. However, the discrepancy between ambient PM2.5 concentrations and personal PM2.5 exposure would significantly affect the estimation of exposure-response relationship. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to predict gestational personal exposure to PM2.5 from the satellite-driven ambient concentrations and analyze the influence of other potential determinants. METHOD We collected 762 72-h personal exposure samples from a panel of 329 pregnant women in Shanghai, China as well as their time-activity patterns from Feb 2017 to Jun 2018. We established an ambient PM2.5 model based on MAIAC AOD at 1 km resolution, then used its output as a major predictor to develop a personal exposure model. RESULTS Our ambient PM2.5 model yielded a cross-validation R2 of 0.96. Personal PM2.5 exposure levels were almost identical to the corresponding ambient concentrations. After adjusting for time-activity patterns and meteorological factors, our personal exposure has a CV R2 of 0.76. CONCLUSION We established a prediction model for gestational personal exposure to PM2.5 from satellite-based ambient concentrations and provided a methodological reference for further epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Zhu
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingya Zhao
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haixia Dai
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Songjiang Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Songjiang Maternity & Child Health Institute, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200126, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuena La
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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50
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Oxidative Potential Versus Biological Effects: A Review on the Relevance of Cell-Free/Abiotic Assays as Predictors of Toxicity from Airborne Particulate Matter. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194772. [PMID: 31561428 PMCID: PMC6801578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) in cell-free/abiotic systems have been suggested as a possible measure of their biological reactivity and a relevant exposure metric for ambient air PM in epidemiological studies. The present review examined whether the OP of particles correlate with their biological effects, to determine the relevance of these cell-free assays as predictors of particle toxicity. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant studies published up to May 2019. The main inclusion criteria used for the selection of studies were that they should contain (1) multiple PM types or samples, (2) assessment of oxidative potential in cell-free systems and (3) assessment of biological effects in cells, animals or humans. Results: In total, 50 independent studies were identified assessing both OP and biological effects of ambient air PM or combustion particles such as diesel exhaust and wood smoke particles: 32 in vitro or in vivo studies exploring effects in cells or animals, and 18 clinical or epidemiological studies exploring effects in humans. Of these, 29 studies assessed the association between OP and biological effects by statistical analysis: 10 studies reported that at least one OP measure was statistically significantly associated with all endpoints examined, 12 studies reported that at least one OP measure was significantly associated with at least one effect outcome, while seven studies reported no significant correlation/association between any OP measures and any biological effects. The overall assessment revealed considerable variability in reported association between individual OP assays and specific outcomes, but evidence of positive association between intracellular ROS, oxidative damage and antioxidant response in vitro, and between OP assessed by the dithiothreitol (DDT) assay and asthma/wheeze in humans. There was little support for consistent association between OP and any other outcome assessed, either due to repeated lack of statistical association, variability in reported findings or limited numbers of available studies. Conclusions: Current assays for OP in cell-free/abiotic systems appear to have limited value in predicting PM toxicity. Clarifying the underlying causes may be important for further advancement in the field.
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