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Kouthouridis S, Robson E, Hartung A, Raha S, Zhang B. Se(XY) matters: the importance of incorporating sex in microphysiological models. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1284-1298. [PMID: 35597689 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of microphysiological models is currently at the forefront of preclinical research. Although these 3D tissue models are being developed to mimic physiological organ function and diseases, which are often sexually dimorphic, sex is usually neglected as a biological variable. For decades, national research agencies have required government-funded clinical trials to include both male and female participants as a means of eliminating male bias. However, this is not the case in preclinical trials, which have been shown to favor male rodents in animal studies and male cell types in in vitro studies. In this Opinion, we highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable and outline five approaches for incorporating sex-specific features into current microphysiological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Kouthouridis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Eleanor Robson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alicia Hartung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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2
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Kawaguchi T, Hasegawa K, Yasuda I, Muraoka H, Umino H, Tokuyama H, Hashiguchi A, Wakino S, Itoh H. Diabetic condition induces hypertrophy and vacuolization in glomerular parietal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1515. [PMID: 33452384 PMCID: PMC7810998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is accompanied by characteristic changes in the glomerulus, but little is known about the effect of diabetes on parietal epithelial cells (PECs). In this study, a descriptive analysis of PECs was undertaken in diabetic db/db mice and in diabetic patients. PEC hypertrophy was significantly more prominent in diabetic mice than in nondiabetic mice, and this was evident even at the early stage. Additionally, the number of vacuoles in PECs was markedly increased in diabetic mice, suggesting the presence of cellular injury in PECs in DN. Although rare, binuclear cells were observed in mice with early diabetes. In cultured PECs, a high glucose condition, compared with normal glucose condition, induced cellular hypertrophy and apoptosis. Flow cytometry showed that some PECs in the G0 phase reentered the cell cycle but got arrested in the S phase. Finally, in human diabetic subjects, hypertrophy and vacuolization were observed in the PECs. Our data showed that PECs undergo substantial changes in DN and may participate in rearrangement for differentiation into podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Kawaguchi
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hasegawa
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Itaru Yasuda
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Muraoka
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Umino
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hirobumi Tokuyama
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Akinori Hashiguchi
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Shu Wakino
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
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3
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Tassinari R, Di Felice G, Butteroni C, Barletta B, Corinti S, Cubadda F, Aureli F, Raggi A, Narciso L, Tait S, Valeri M, Martinelli A, Di Virgilio A, Pacchierotti F, Cordelli E, Eleuteri P, Villani P, Fessard V, Maranghi F. Hazard identification of pyrogenic synthetic amorphous silica (NM-203) after sub-chronic oral exposure in rat: A multitarget approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111168. [PMID: 32007467 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Food additive E551 consists of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), comprising agglomerates and aggregates of primary particles in the nanorange (<100 nm), which potential nanospecific risks for humans associated to dietary exposure are not yet completely assessed. In NANoREG project, aim of the study was to identify potential hazards of pyrogenic SAS nanomaterial NM-203 by a 90-day oral toxicity study (OECD test guideline 408). Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were orally treated with 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg SAS/kg bw per day; dose levels were selected to be as close as possible to E551 dietary exposure. Several endpoints were investigated, the whole integrative study is presented here along with the results of dispersion characterization, tissue distribution, general toxicity, blood/serum biomarkers, histopathological and immunotoxicity endpoints. No mortality, general toxicity and limited deposition in target tissues were observed. NM-203 affected liver and spleen in both sexes. Proposed NOAEL 5 mg/kg bw per day in male rats for enlarged sinusoids in liver. In female rats, TSH and creatinine levels were affected, proposed LOAEL 2 mg/kg bw per day. Overall, these data provide new insight for a comprehensive risk assessment of SAS exposure by the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Felice
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Butteroni
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Barletta
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Corinti
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Aureli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Raggi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Narciso
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Valeri
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Virgilio
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Cordelli
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Eleuteri
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Villani
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Valerie Fessard
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Tabatabai NM, North PE, Regner KR, Kumar SN, Duris CB, Blodgett AB. De novo expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT2 in Bowman's capsule coincides with replacement of parietal epithelial cell layer with proximal tubule-like epithelium. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:675-83. [PMID: 24906870 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In kidney nephron, parietal epithelial cells line the Bowman's capsule and function as a permeability barrier for the glomerular filtrate. Bowman's capsule cells with proximal tubule epithelial morphology have been found. However, the effects of tubular metaplasia in Bowman's capsule on kidney function remain poorly understood. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) plays a major role in reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and is expressed on brush border membrane (BBM) of epithelial cells in the early segment of the proximal tubule. We hypothesized that SGLT2 is expressed in tubularized Bowman's capsule and used our novel antibody to test this hypothesis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with our SGLT2 antibody on C57BL/6 mouse kidney prone to have tubularized Bowman's capsules. Cell membrane was examined with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain. The results showed that SGLT2 was localized on BBM of the proximal tubules in young and adult mice. Bowman's capsules were lined mostly with normal brush border-less parietal epithelial cells in young mice, while they were almost completely covered with proximal tubule-like cells in adult mice. Regardless of age, SGLT2 was expressed on BBM of the tubularized Bowman's capsule but did not co-localize with nephrin in the glomerulus. SGLT2-expressing tubular cells expanded from the urinary pole toward the vascular pole of the Bowman's capsule. This study identified the localization of SGLT2 in the Bowman's capsule. Bowman's capsules with tubular metaplasia may acquire roles in reabsorption of filtered glucose and sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar M Tabatabai
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA,
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5
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Mitani S, Yabuki A, Taniguchi K, Yamato O. Association between the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system and renal injury in chronic kidney disease of dogs and cats. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 75:127-33. [PMID: 22986274 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of renin and angiotensin II, which are potent components of the renin-angiotensin system, with the severity of chronic renal disease was investigated immunohistochemically in dogs and cats. Immunoreactivities of renin and angiotensin II were evaluated quantitatively, and their correlations with the degrees of glomerulosclerosis, glomerular hypertrophy, interstitial cell infiltration and interstitial fibrosis were statistically analyzed. Immunoreactivities for renin were detected in afferent arteries in both dogs and cats. The score of renin-positive signals showed no correlation with plasma creatinine concentration or any of the histopathological parameters, except for the diameter of glomeruli in dogs. Immunoreactivities for angiotensin II were detected in tubules (primarily proximal tubules) and interstitial mononuclear cells in both dogs and cats. The score of tubular angiotensin II correlated with glomerulosclerosis and cell infiltration in cats but not in dogs. The score of interstitial angiotensin II correlated with plasma creatinine concentration, glomerulosclerosis, cell infiltration and fibrosis in dogs and with glomerulosclerosis and cell infiltration in cats. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that intrarenal renin-angiotensin system is correlated with the severity of kidney disease, with the underlying mechanism differing between dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawane Mitani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
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6
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Yabuki A, Mitani S, Sawa M, Mizukami K, Fujiki M, Yamato O. A comparative study of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats: induction of cyclooxygenases. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:892-7. [PMID: 22244709 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether renal cyclooxygenase (COX) induction is associated with the severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs and cats. The collected kidneys were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. The immunoreactivities of COX-1 and COX-2 were evaluated quantitatively, and the correlations to the plasma creatinine concentrations, glomerular size, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and interstitial cell infiltration were evaluated statistically. Immunoreactivities for COX-1 were heterogeneously observed in the medullary distal tubules and collecting ducts; no correlations with the severity of renal damage were detected. Immunoreactivities for COX-2 were heterogeneously observed in the macula densa (MD) regions. In dogs, the percentage of COX-2-positive MD was significantly correlated with the glomerular size. In cats, glomeruli with COX-2-positive MD had significantly higher sclerosis scores than those with COX-2-negative MD. In conclusion, renal COX-2 is induced in canine and feline CKD, especially in relation to the glomerular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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7
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Comparative study of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats: Induction of myofibroblasts. Res Vet Sci 2010; 88:294-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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8
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Yabuki A, Yamato O, Suzuki S. Age-dependent changes in the kidney morphology of female DBA/2 mice. Exp Anim 2009; 58:53-6. [PMID: 19151512 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.58.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A female DBA/2 mouse is characterized by the presence of abundant cytoplasmic granules in the renal tubules. In the present study, the morphometrics of kidneys from female DBA/2 mice at 5, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months of age were investigated to determine the age-dependent renal changes in this mouse strain. Glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease progressed with age, and the semiquantitative scores of these lesions showed significant increases. Granules were observed in the proximal straight tubules and no changes were observed in their localization, fine structure, and quantitative scores. It was concluded that the tubular cytoplasmic granules in the female DBA/2 mouse were not affected by age-dependent functional reduction of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
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9
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Murata N, Yabuki A, Matsumoto M, Nishinakagawa H, Suzuki S. Strain differences in morphometrical characteristics of rat kidneys. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 68:1185-9. [PMID: 17146176 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the strain differences in the morphology of the rat kidneys, we investigated the morphometrical characteristics of the kidneys of Slc:Wistar, Slc:SD, and F344/NSlc rats. The diameter of the renal corpuscles in female F344/N rats is smaller than that in female Wistar rats. Although sex differences (males>females) were shown in SD and F344/N rats, no effects of castration were detected in any of the groups. Strain-dependent differences in the percentage of renal corpuscles with a cuboidal parietal layer were found in both male and female groups. The highest percentage of them was noted in male Wistar rats. Effects of castration were observed in female Wistar and male F344/N rats, and the values after castration were significantly higher than those in the intact animals. As for the number of proximal convoluted tubular nuclei, no strain differences were detected in either the male or female groups. Although a sex difference was found in SD rats (female>male), no effects of castration were detected in any of the groups. In female F344/N rats, numerous numbers of PAS-positive granules, which were observed in the proximal convoluted and straight tubular epithelia, were noted. Orchiectomy induced an increase of these granules in male SD and F344/N rats, but ovariectomy showed no effects on them in any strains. This is the first study to clarify the strain differences in the morphological characteristics of the kidneys in ordinary rat strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Murata
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Yabuki A, Tanaka S, Matsumoto M, Suzuki S. Morphometric study of gender differences with regard to age-related changes in the C57BL/6 mouse kidney. Exp Anim 2006; 55:399-404. [PMID: 16880688 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.55.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate gender differences with regard to age-related changes in the mouse kidney, kidneys from male and female C57BL/6Cr mice were morphometrically examined at 2, 4, 12, 27 and 33 months of age. Gender differences were clearly observed in age-related changes in renal corpuscle diameter, in addition to semiquantitative scores of glomerular damage and interstitial fibrosis. A greater relative increase in renal corpuscle diameter was observed in females compared to males, and scores indicating glomerular damage and interstitial fibrosis were more severe in males than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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11
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Okada A, Yabuki A, Matsumoto M, Suzuki S. Development of gender differences in DBA/2Cr mouse kidney morphology during maturation. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 67:877-82. [PMID: 16210798 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although we recently clarified sex-based differences in mouse kidney morphology, the developmental processes responsible for these gender differences during maturation remain unclear. The present study analyzed the morphometry of kidneys from 20-, 30-, 50-, 60-, 70-, 90-, 120- and 150-day-old DBA/2Cr mice. Total kidney weight and ratio of kidney weight to body weight were larger in males than females beginning at 50 days of age. The percentage of renal corpuscles exhibiting a cuboidal parietal layer was higher in males than in females in the 70-day and older mice. The diameter of cortical renal corpuscles was larger in males than in females beginning on day 90. The number of proximal convoluted tubular cell nuclei was higher in females than in males from day 90 onward. Vacuolar structures in the proximal convoluted tubular epithelium became prominent in 70-day-old males. PAS-positive granules in the proximal straight tubular epithelium became prominent in females on day 50. This paper is the first to describe the development of gender differences in mouse kidney morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan
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12
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Ichii O, Yabuki A, Ojima T, Matsumoto M, Suzuki S. Rodent Renal Structure Differs among Species. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:439-45. [PMID: 16757886 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we histologically and morphometrically investigated species differences in renal structure using laboratory rodents (mice, gerbils, hamsters, rats, and guinea pigs). Morphometric parameters were as follows, 1) diameter of the cortical renal corpuscles, 2) diameter of the juxtamedullary renal corpuscles, 3) percentage of the renal corpuscles with a cuboidal parietal layer, 4) number of nuclei in proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) per unit area of cortex, 5) semi-quantitative score of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) -positive granules in PCTs, and 6) semi-quantitative score of the PAS-positive granules in proximal straight tubules (PSTs). Significant species differences were detected for each parameter, and particularly severe differences were observed in the PAS-positive granules of PCTs and PSTs. Granular scores varied among species and sexes. Vacuolar structures that did not stain with PAS or hematoxylin-eosin were observed in the renal proximal tubules. The appearance and localization of these vacuolar structures differed remarkably between species and sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan
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13
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Maeda M, Yabuki A, Matsumoto M, Taniguchi K, Suzuki S. Morphometrical analysis of the kidney from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice in the non-diabetic stage. J Vet Med Sci 2004; 66:1259-62. [PMID: 15528860 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.66.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys of non-diabetic NOD and wild type ICR mice were examined morphometrically at 3 and 6 months of age. Kidney weights and diameter of renal corpuscles of non-diabetic NOD mice were less than those of ICR mice. No lesions were observed in glomeruli or uriniferous tubules. Renin-positive areas were more common in NOD mice than in ICR mice, but no differences were detected in the Western blot analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michie Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan
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14
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Yabuki A, Matsumoto M, Nishinakagawa H, Suzuki S. Age-related morphological changes in kidneys of SPF C57BL/6Cr mice maintained under controlled conditions. J Vet Med Sci 2003; 65:845-51. [PMID: 12951415 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related morphological changes were examined in the kidneys of inbred C57BL/6Cr mice maintained in a controlled environment. The specific pathogen free status of animals used in the present study was confirmed by microbiological monitoring. Kidneys were histologically and histometrically investigated at 3, 5, 12, 15, 24 and 27-months-old. Kidney weights did not change with age. Renal corpuscles increased in number at 24- and 27-months-old, but diameter remained constant. The percentage of renal corpuscles with a cuboidal glomerular capsule decreased at 24- and 27-months-old. Score indicating glomerular damage increased from 5- to 27-months-old. Changes to the proximal convoluted tubules were severe. Vacuolar degeneration was observed from 12-months-old. Tubular atrophy was observed at 24- and 27-months-old, with number of nuclei per unit area increasing at the same ages. Amyloidosis and scar lesions were observed at 27-months-old. Focal cell infiltration around vessels was found at 24- and 27-months-old. Electron microscopy at 27-months-old revealed expansion of the mesangial matrices and fusion of foot processes in the glomeruli. Enlarged lysosomes with lipid content were observed in the proximal convoluted tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yabuki
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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15
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Yabuki A, Matsumoto M, Nishinakagawa H, Suzuki S. Giant lysosomes in the renal proximal tubules--a morphological characteristic of DBA/2 and DBA/1 mouse kidneys. Exp Anim 2003; 52:159-63. [PMID: 12806891 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.52.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The DBA/2Cr mouse is characterized by the presence of giant lysosomes located in the proximal convoluted tubules of males and proximal straight tubules of females. However, it remains unclear whether these giant lysosomes in the proximal tubules are characteristic of DBA/2Cr specifically, or are common to other DBA/2 substrains and DBA/1. The present study investigated the morphology of kidneys from DBA/2CrSlc, DBA/2JJcl, DBA/2NCrj and DBA/1JNCrj mice of both sexes. Giant lysosomes in the renal proximal tubules were found to represent common morphological characteristic of both DBA/2 and DBA/1JN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yabuki
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 21-24 Korimoto 1, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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16
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Maeda M, Yabuki A, Suzuki S, Matsumoto M, Taniguchi K, Nishinakagawa H. Renal lesions in spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the nonobese diabetic mouse: acute phase of diabetes. Vet Pathol 2003; 40:187-95. [PMID: 12637759 DOI: 10.1354/vp.40-2-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The nonobese diabetic mouse is a model of spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The present study made longitudinal observations of renal lesions in the acute-progressive phase of diabetic mice 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after onset of diabetes without insulin therapy. Plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations gradually increased after onset of diabetes. Kidney weight increased and plateaued at day 20. Under electron microscopy the glomeruli demonstrated only mild changes on day 40. In the proximal tubules proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei and nuclear divisions were increased on days 10 and 20. On day 40 of diabetes, increased periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules, confirmed as lysosomal dense bodies, increased neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) positive reaction, and decreased periodic acid-Schiff staining in the brush border were observed in the proximal straight tubules. In the juxtaglomerular apparatus stratified macula densa were decreased with time in diabetes compared with the findings on day 0, and this macula densa positively reacted with nNOS. No changes in renin levels were observed. In addition, apoptotic cells were not detected. In conclusion, this research represents the first thorough characterization of acute changes in nonobese diabetic mouse kidneys. The results demonstrated renal hypertrophy and slight glomerular injury in early stages and structural alteration of the proximal straight tubules at later stages during the acute phase of diabetes. Furthermore, increased nNOS may represent one of the pathogenic factors of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
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17
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Yabuki A, Suzuki S, Matsumoto M, Nishinakagawa H. Life span and renal morphological characterization of the SAMP1//Ka mouse. Exp Anim 2002; 51:75-81. [PMID: 11871156 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.51.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated-mouse prone 1 (SAMP1) is considered to be a model of accelerated senility and it also develops severe kidney damage. The SAMP1//Ka mouse is a specific pathogen free (SPF) subline of SAMP1. The present study examined the life span of the SAMP1//Ka mouse and morphologically investigated the kidneys of this animal at 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 24 months of age. Males survived for an average of 25 months and females for 28 months. The median lifespan was 18 months for males and 20 for females. Focal cell infiltration and thickening of the basement membrane in the glomerular capsules or tubules appeared from 4 months of age. At 12 months old, glomerular lesions with expansion of the mesangial matrix and thickening of the basement membrane as well as scar lesions in the outer cortex appeared, and amyloid was deposited in the interstitium or glomeruli from 18 months of age. Morphometrically, although the area of the kidney sections was increased at 24 months of age, the diameter of the renal corpuscles, the number of nuclei of the proximal convoluted tubules and the percentage of renal corpuscles with a cuboidal glomerular capsule did not change with age. The results of the present study indicate that the life span of the SAMP1//Ka is increased and that their age-related renal changes differ from those of the original SAMP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yabuki
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 21-24 Korimoto 1, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Yabuki A, Maeda M, Suzuki S, Matsumoto M, Kurohmaru M, Hayashi Y, Taniguchi K, Nishinakagawa H. Effects of estrous cycle on the mouse kidney morphology. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:461-5. [PMID: 11346185 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.63.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mice kidney morphology shows various sexual dimorphisms, the effect of the estrous cycle has not previously been discussed. In this study, we investigated the effects of the estrous cycle on kidney morphology, including renin-positive areas, of female DBA/2 mice. No effects were confirmed in most of the histometrical parameters, however, the percentage of the renal corpuscles in which cuboidal epithelium covered under 50% of the parietal layer was significantly higher during estrus compared to that during anestrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yabuki
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan
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Yabuki A, Suzuki S, Matsumoto M, Nishinakagawa H. Sex and strain differences in the brush border and PAS-positive granules and giant bodies of the mouse renal S3 segment cells. Exp Anim 2001; 50:59-66. [PMID: 11326424 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.50.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated sexual dimorphism in the S3 segment of the ICR mouse kidney, as differences in periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining on the brush border and the number and size of PAS-positive granules. However, whether these sex dependent features in the S3 segment of the mouse kidney occur only in the ICR strain or are a general feature also observed in other strains is unclear. In the present study, we examined the renal S3 segment of the ICR, BALB/c, C57BL/6, C3H/He and DBA/2 mice strains, which are commonly used in laboratory experiments. PAS staining of the brush border in females of all strains was more intense than that of males, and PAS-positive granules were detected in all females. In male groups, PAS-positive granules were detected in the DBA/2 strain only, but their number was very few. In addition, PAS-positive giant bodies, larger than the nuclear size, were detected in females except those of the C57BL/6 strain. Histometrical investigation demonstrated apparent strain differences in a number of PAS-positive granules and PAS-positive giant bodies. The ultrastructural and cytochemical investigations suggest that the PAS-positive granules and PAS-positive giant bodies were multilamellar lysosomes. We propose that the present findings are significant for comparative morphology in laboratory animal science.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yabuki
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 21-24 Korimoto 1, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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