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Yuvaraj S, Vasudevan V, Puhari SSM, Sasikumar S, Ramprasath T, Selvi MS, Selvam GS. Chrysin reduces heart endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis by inhibiting PERK and Caspase 3-7 in high-fat diet-fed rats. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:678. [PMID: 38796673 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysin (Chy) is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in fruits, vegetables, honey, propolis, and many plant extracts that has shown notable medicinal value. Chy exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-cholesteremic, and cardioprotective. However, the influence of Chy in mitigating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced ER stress of rat myocardium remains unknown. PURPOSE The current work intended to determine the therapeutic potential of Chy against HFD-induced endoplasmic stress-mediated apoptosis. METHODS To evaluate the therapeutic value of Chy in HFD-induced endoplasmic stress-mediated apoptosis in the myocardium; The male wistar rats were divided into different groups; control, HFD control, HFD fed followed by Chy-treated and HFD fed followed by atorvastatin (Atv) treated rats. RESULTS When compared to the control group, the HFD-fed rats had significantly higher levels of marker enzymes such as CK-NAC and ALP, as well as lipid peroxidation and lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL). Chy therapy greatly reversed these marker enzymes and the lipid profile. qRT-PCR Studies showed that Chy supplementation considerably improved Nrf2 and its target genes. In addition, Chy lowered the expression of PERK, CHOP, ATF6, GRP78, and Caspase-3 genes in the heart tissue of HFD-fed rats. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that Chy substantially enhanced the Nrf2 and reduced PERK and Caspase3-7 protein expression in HFD-fed rats. CONCLUSION The current study concluded that Chy may mediate the cardioprotective effect by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting PERK signaling pathway against ER stress-mediated apoptosis induced by HFD. Therefore, supplementation with Chy could serve as a promising therapeutic target against HFD-induced ER stress-mediated cardiac complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Yuvaraj
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Varadaraj Vasudevan
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Shanavas Syed Mohamed Puhari
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Sunderasan Sasikumar
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mariaraj Sivakumar Selvi
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Govindan Sadasivam Selvam
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India.
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Zhang L, Shi Y, Liang B, Li X. An overview of the cholesterol metabolism and its proinflammatory role in the development of MASLD. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0434. [PMID: 38696365 PMCID: PMC11068152 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential lipid molecule in mammalian cells. It is not only involved in the formation of cell membranes but also serves as a raw material for the synthesis of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones. Additionally, it acts as a covalent modifier of proteins and plays a crucial role in numerous life processes. Generally, the metabolic processes of cholesterol absorption, synthesis, conversion, and efflux are strictly regulated. Excessive accumulation of cholesterol in the body is a risk factor for metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In this review, we first provide an overview of the discovery of cholesterol and the fundamental process of cholesterol metabolism. We then summarize the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and the risk of developing MASLD, and also the animal models of MASLD specifically established with a cholesterol-containing diet. In the end, the role of cholesterol-induced inflammation in the initiation and development of MASLD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiong Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Nofal AE, AboShabaan HS, Fadda WA, Ereba RE, Elsharkawy SM, Hathout HM. L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba Supplementation In Vivo Ameliorates HCD-Induced Steatohepatitis and Dyslipidemia by Regulating Hepatic Metabolism. Cells 2024; 13:732. [PMID: 38727268 PMCID: PMC11083725 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment strategies for steatohepatitis are of special interest given the high prevalence of obesity and fatty liver disease worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanism of L-carnitine (LC) and Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GB) supplementation in ameliorating the adverse effects of hyperlipidemia and hepatosteatosis induced by a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) in an animal model. The study involved 50 rats divided into five groups, including a control group, a group receiving only an HCD, and three groups receiving an HCD along with either LC (300 mg LC/kg bw), GB (100 mg GB/kg bw), or both. After eight weeks, various parameters related to lipid and glucose metabolism, antioxidant capacity, histopathology, immune reactivity, and liver ultrastructure were measured. LC + GB supplementation reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with those in the HCD group. Additionally, treatment with both supplements improved antioxidant ability and reduced lipid peroxidation. The histological examination confirmed that the combination therapy reduced liver steatosis and fibrosis while also improving the appearance of cell organelles in the ultrastructural hepatocytes. Finally, the immunohistochemical analysis indicated that cotreatment with LC + GB upregulated the immune expression of GLP-1 and β-Cat in liver sections that were similar to those of the control animals. Mono-treatment with LC or GB alone substantially but not completely protected the liver tissue, while the combined use of LC and GB may be more effective in treating liver damage caused by high cholesterol than either supplement alone by regulating hepatic oxidative stress and the protein expression of GLP-1 and β-Cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany E. Nofal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Hind S. AboShabaan
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute Hospital, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Walaa A. Fadda
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Rafik E. Ereba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cario 11511, Egypt;
| | | | - Heba M. Hathout
- Natural Resources Department, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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najafi S, Moshtaghie AA, Hassanzadeh F, Nayeri H, Jafari E. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel atorvastatin derivatives. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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5
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Yuvaraj S, Sasikumar S, Puhari SSM, Ramprasath T, Baskaran N, Vasudevan V, Selvam GS. Chrysin reduces hypercholesterolemia-mediated atherosclerosis through modulating oxidative stress, microflora, and apoptosis in experimental rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14349. [PMID: 35892244 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chrysin (Chy) is known for various biological proprieties such as inhibitory effects on inflammation, cancer, oxidative stress, aging, and atherosclerosis. However, the hypolipidemic activity of Chy and its mechanistic action remains unclear in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this study, we focused on the hypolipidemic proprieties of Chy in hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis. Male Wistar rats (150-220 g) were divided into four groups as follows: Group I control was fed with standard laboratory chow. Rats in Group II were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 60 days. After 60 days of HFD, Group III rats received Chy (100 mg/kg body weight); Group IV rats received Atorvastatin (Atv; 10 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. Biochemical studies showed Chy, Atv treatment decreased the activities of liver marker enzymes and the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and lipid profile. Gene expression analysis on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its regulated genes were significantly reduced in the intestine and increased in the aorta by Chy and Atv. Gut microbial species such as Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium leptum copy numbers were significantly increased by Chy and Atv treatment. In addition, Chy and Atv modulated the expression of inflammatory genes including TLR4, TNFα, NLRP3, and IL-17 in the aorta and intestine compared with hypercholesterolemic control rats. Chy and Atv effectively increased the caspase-3 mRNA expression in the intestine, but these decreased in the aorta. The present study concludes that by reducing oxidative stress and increasing gut microbial colonization, Chy may provide an effective therapeutic approach for the prevention of hypercholesterolemia-mediated atherosclerosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Our study focused on a therapeutic model representing the clinical presentation of atherosclerosis in humans. Statins are commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular complications, patients with hypercholesterolemia face difficulties in the continuation of statin therapy. The reason for statin discontinuation has been associated with toxicological effects. It is necessary to investigate the potentiality of the natural compound as an alternative medicine to statin with fewer side effects. The main theme of our study is to compare the therapeutic potential of Chy and Atv. Chy is a natural bioflavonoid that could be considered as an alternative medicinal compound to statins and to avoid toxicity problems associated with statins. Chy is a bioflavonoid present in Passiflora caerulea (blue passion flower), Oroxylum indicum (Indian trumpet flower), Pelargonium crispum, propolis, and honey. Consuming Chy-rich foods will reduce hypercholesterolemia-mediated cardiovascular complications. Overall, the present studies provided a key to developing bioactive compounds-based foods for CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Yuvaraj
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundrasen Sasikumar
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanavas Syed Mohamed Puhari
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nagarethinam Baskaran
- National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur (NIFTEM-T), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varadaraj Vasudevan
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindan Sadasivam Selvam
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kamaruddin NN, Hajri NA, Andriani Y, Abdul Manan AF, Tengku Muhammad TS, Mohamad H. Acanthaster planci Inhibits PCSK9 and Lowers Cholesterol Levels in Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:5094. [PMID: 34443682 PMCID: PMC8398678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases which in turn, lead to the highest number of mortalities globally. This pathophysiological condition is developed due to a constant elevated level of plasma cholesterols. Statin is currently the widely used treatment in reducing the level of cholesterols, however, it may cause adverse side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for new alternative treatment. PCSK9 is an enzyme responsible in directing LDL-receptor (LDL-R)/LDL-cholesterols (LDL-C) complex to lysosomal degradation, preventing the receptor from recycling back to the surface of liver cells. Therefore, PCSK9 offers a potential target to search for small molecule inhibitors which inhibit the function of this enzyme. In this study, a marine invertebrate Acanthaster planci, was used to investigate its potential in inhibiting PCSK9 and lowering the levels of cholesterols. Cytotoxicity activity of A. planci on human liver HepG2 cells was carried out using the MTS assay. It was found that methanolic extract and fractions did not exhibit cytotoxicity effect on HepG2 cell line with IC50 values of more than 30 µg/mL. A compound deoxythymidine also did not exert any cytotoxicity activity with IC50 value of more than 4 µg/mL. Transient transfection and luciferase assay were conducted to determine the effects of A. planci on the transcriptional activity of PCSK9 promoter. Methanolic extract and Fraction 2 (EF2) produced the lowest reduction in PCSK9 promoter activity to 70 and 20% of control at 12.5 and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, deoxythymidine also decreased PCSK9 promoter activity to the lowest level of 60% control at 3.13 μM. An in vivo study using Sprague Dawley rats demonstrated that 50 and 100 mg/kg of A. planci methanolic extract reduced the total cholesterols and LDL-C levels to almost similar levels of untreated controls. The level of serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) showed that the administration of the extract did not produce any toxicity effect and cause any damage to rat liver. The results strongly indicate that A. planci produced a significant inhibitory activity on PCSK9 gene expression in HepG2 cells which may be responsible for inducing the uptake of cholesterols by liver, thus, reducing the circulating levels of total cholesterols and LDL-C. Interestingly, A. planci also did show any adverse hepato-cytotoxicity and toxic effects on liver. Thus, this study strongly suggests that A. planci has a vast potential to be further developed as a new class of therapeutic agent in lowering the blood cholesterols and reducing the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (N.N.K.); (N.A.H.); (Y.A.); (A.F.A.M.)
| | - Habsah Mohamad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (N.N.K.); (N.A.H.); (Y.A.); (A.F.A.M.)
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Yuvaraj S, Ramprasath T, Saravanan B, Vasudevan V, Sasikumar S, Selvam GS. Chrysin attenuates high-fat-diet-induced myocardial oxidative stress via upregulating eNOS and Nrf2 target genes in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2719-2727. [PMID: 33677805 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disorders. Chrysin (Chy) is reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-oxidative, anti-aging, and anti-atherogenic properties. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether Chy would mediate the cardioprotective effect against hypercholesterolemia-triggered myocardial oxidative stress. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into different groups as control and fed with high-fat diet (HFD) followed by oral administration of Chy (100 mg/kg b.wt), atorvastatin (Atv) (10 mg/kg b.wt), and L-NAME (10 mg/kg b.wt) for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed and tissues were harvested. Biochemical results showed a significant increase of cardiac disease marker enzymes (ALT, AST, and CKMB), lipid peroxidation, and lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL) in HFD-fed rat tissues when compared to control, whereas oral administration of Chy significantly reduced the activities of these marker enzymes and controlled the lipid profile. qRT-PCR studies revealed that Chy administration significantly increased the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and Nrf2 target genes such as SOD, catalase, and GCL3 in left ventricular heart tissue of HFD-challenged rats. Immunohistochemistry results also showed that Chy treatment increased myocardial protein expression of eNOS and Nrf2 in HFD-challenged rats. Concluding the results of the present study, the Chy could mediate the cardioprotective effect through the activation of eNOS and Nrf2 signaling against hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative stress. Thus, the administration of Chy would provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention of HFD-induced oxidative stress-mediated myocardial complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Yuvaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Balakrishnan Saravanan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT) - ICMR Chetpet, Chennai, 600 031, India
| | - Varadaraj Vasudevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India
| | - Sundaresan Sasikumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India
| | - Govindan Sadasivam Selvam
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India.
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Kořínková L, Pražienková V, Černá L, Karnošová A, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Pathophysiology of NAFLD and NASH in Experimental Models: The Role of Food Intake Regulating Peptides. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:597583. [PMID: 33324348 PMCID: PMC7726422 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.597583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, sedentary lifestyle, and Western diet are the key factors underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most common liver diseases in developed countries. In many cases, NAFLD further progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and to hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatic lipotoxicity and non-liver factors, such as adipose tissue inflammation and gastrointestinal imbalances were linked to evolution of NAFLD. Nowadays, the degree of adipose tissue inflammation was shown to directly correlate with the severity of NAFLD. Consumption of higher caloric intake is increasingly emerging as a fuel of metabolic inflammation not only in obesity-related disorders but also NAFLD. However, multiple causes of NAFLD are the reason why the mechanisms of NAFLD progression to NASH are still not well understood. In this review, we explore the role of food intake regulating peptides in NAFLD and NASH mouse models. Leptin, an anorexigenic peptide, is involved in hepatic metabolism, and has an effect on NAFLD experimental models. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), another anorexigenic peptide, and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1R), represent potential therapeutic agents to prevent NAFLD progression to NASH. On the other hand, the deletion of ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, prevents age-associated hepatic steatosis in mice. Because of the increasing incidence of NAFLD and NASH worldwide, the selection of appropriate animal models is important to clarify aspects of pathogenesis and progression in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Kořínková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - V. Pražienková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - L. Černá
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - A. Karnošová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - B. Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - J. Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Pangestika I, Oksal E, Tengku Muhammad TS, Amir H, Syamsumir DF, Wahid MEA, Andriani Y. Inhibitory effects of tangeretin and trans-ethyl caffeate on the HMG-CoA reductase activity: Potential agents for reducing cholesterol levels. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1947-1960. [PMID: 32714018 PMCID: PMC7376234 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the pathways to reduce cholesterol production in the liver is through the inhibition of HMG-Coa reductase (HMGCR) by current drugs, statins. However, these have side effects if consumed in prolonged periods. Tangeretin and trans-ethyl caffeate as alternative drugs in reducing hypercholesterolemia and preventing atherosclerosis have never been reported. Their effects on inhibiting HMGCR activity were investigated through enzymatic method (in vitro and in vivo). The toxicity property was analyzed on the Serum Glutamate Oxalate Transaminase (SGOT)/Serum Glutamate Piruvate Transaminase (SGPT) levels and rat liver histology. The results showed that both compounds inhibited HMGCR activity significantly compare to the control simvastatin (p < 0.05). Tangeretin which showed very good activity in inhibiting HMGCR (83.8 of % inhibition, equal to simvastatin) was selected and used for anti-hypercholesterolemia in vivo assessment. Furthermore, tangeretin was shown to effectively reduced Total Cholesterol (TC) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and increased High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels significantly compared to the simvastatin group (p < 0.05). Tangeretin group was also proven to inhibit HMGCR rat liver activity significantly compare to the control simvastatin (p < 0.05). The toxicity study on the SGOT/SGPT levels and liver histology revealed that there were no side effects after administration by tangeretin. Results found that both tangeretin and trans-ethyl caffeate are potent candidates as anti-hypercholesterolemia agent in vitro. In addition, tangeretin was also shown to be safe and suitable as an alternative treatment for controlling hypercholesterolemia in vivo as well as have potency for preventing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inten Pangestika
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Efriyana Oksal
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Research Management Center, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hermansyah Amir
- Educational Chemistry Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia
| | - Desy Fitrya Syamsumir
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Effendy Abdul Wahid
- School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yosie Andriani
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Abu-Serie MM, Habashy NH. Vitis vinifera polyphenols from seedless black fruit act synergistically to suppress hepatotoxicity by targeting necroptosis and pro-fibrotic mediators. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2452. [PMID: 32051531 PMCID: PMC7016101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human is subjected from his surrounding to various hepatotoxins, which aggravates his liver. Nowadays, natural polyphenols have attracted great interest in health improvement, especially liver health. The present research, therefore, assessed the hepatotherapeutic potency of the isolated polyphenols (VVF1) from seedless (pulp and skin) black Vitis vinifera (VV) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Further, VVF1 was fractionated into resveratrol-enriched (VVF2) and phenolics-enriched (VVF3) fractions to study (in vitro) the possible synergism of their coexistence. The highest content of phenolics in VVF1 displayed in vitro synergistic antioxidant and anti-hepatotoxic activities comparing to VVF2, VVF3, and silymarin (SM, reference drug). More importantly, it exhibited multiple in vivo regulatory functions via diminishing oxidative stress and inflammation, which in turn decreased necroptosis and pro-fibrotic mediators (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1). In addition to these novel findings, VVF1 had higher anti-hepatotoxic potency than that of SM in most of the studied parameters. The histopathological analysis confirmed the improving role of VVF1 in the serious hepatic damage induced by CCl4. Thus, the synergistic functions of VVF1 polyphenols could be a promising new anti-hepatotoxic agent for targeting both necroptotic and profibrotic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Noha H Habashy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
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Andriani Y, Chaudhry GES, Oksal E, Pangestika I, Ramli NM, Mohamad H, Elvia R, Amir H, AWM E, Sung YY, Muhammad TST. Antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic potencies of Pandanus tectorius fruits via increasing scavenger receptor-B1 genes expression and inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2020; 11:30-35. [PMID: 32154156 PMCID: PMC7034180 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_164_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide. The adverse side effects of currently available drugs urge to find more effective and safe remedial agents. Alternative candidates from natural resources are of great consequence in the emerging of new drugs. Pandanus tectorius (Pandanaceae) was traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine to cure certain diseases. Thus, the current study conducted to elucidate the potency of P. tectorius fruit as antiatherosclerosis and antihypercholesterolemia agents through the regulation of high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor (scavenger receptor [SR]-B1) gene expression and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase reductase (HMGCR) in vitro, respectively. The P. tectorius fruit was noncytotoxic against the HepG2 cell line confirmed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The P. tectorius fruit successfully upregulates the SR-B1 gene expression and downregulate the HMGCR. Moreover, an in vivo study showed that P. tectorius has good activity on the upregulation of HDL and subsequently downregulation of total cholesterol level. Moreover, P. tectorius fruit did not show any increase in toxicity biomarkers serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase in vivo. These results found that P. tectorius fruits have potency as the preventive agent for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis via SR-B1 and HMGCR mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosie Andriani
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Gul-e-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Efriyana Oksal
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Inten Pangestika
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nadia Madiha Ramli
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Mohamad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rina Elvia
- Educational Chemistry Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu, Indonesia
| | - Hermansyah Amir
- Educational Chemistry Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu, Indonesia
| | - Effendy AWM
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Research Management Center, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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12
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Heck SO, Zborowski VA, Chagas PM, da Luz SCA, Bortolatto CF. p-Chloro-diphenyl diselenide attenuates plasma lipid profile changes and hepatotoxicity induced by nonionic surfactant tyloxapol in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 30:73-80. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1669240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Osório Heck
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria – RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Angonesi Zborowski
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria – RS, Brazil
| | - Pietro Maria Chagas
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria – RS, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão Campus, Pelotas – RS, Brazil
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13
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Ruiz-Canizales J, Domínguez-Avila JA, Wall-Medrano A, Ayala-Zavala JF, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Córdoba B, Salazar-López NJ, González-Aguilar GA. Fiber and phenolic compounds contribution to the hepatoprotective effects of mango diets in rats fed high cholesterol/sodium cholate. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2996-3007. [PMID: 31418509 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the contribution of mango fiber (MF) and mango phenolic compounds (MP) to the hepatoprotective effect of freeze-dried mango pulp (FDM) cultivar (cv.) "Ataulfo" diets in high cholesterol/sodium cholate (HCC)-fed rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with a HCC diet for 12 weeks, either untreated, or supplemented with MF, MP, FDM, or a control diet (no HCC; n = 6/group). All mango treatments significantly decreased hepatic cholesterol deposition and altered its fatty acid profile, whereas MF and MP mitigated adipose tissue hypertrophy. MF caused a lower level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α/β, IFN-γ, TNF-α) whereas FDM increased the anti-inflammatory ones (IL-4, 6, 10). Mango treatments increased catalase (CAT) activity and its mRNA expression; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was normalized by MF and FDM, but its activity was unrelated to its hepatic mRNA expression. Changes in CAT and SOD mRNA expression were unrelated to altered Nrf2 mRNA expression. Higher hepatic PPARα and LXRα mRNA levels were found in MP and MF. We concluded that MF and MP are highly bioactive, according to the documented hepatoprotection in HCC-fed rats; their mechanism of action appears to be related to modulating cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism as well as to stimulating the endogenous antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ruiz-Canizales
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | | | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - J Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Coordinación de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Córdoba
- Coordinación de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | | | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
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14
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Domínguez-Avila JA, Astiazaran-Garcia H, Wall-Medrano A, de la Rosa LA, Alvarez-Parrilla E, González-Aguilar GA. Mango phenolics increase the serum apolipoprotein A1/B ratio in rats fed high cholesterol and sodium cholate diets. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1604-1612. [PMID: 30187493 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum lipoproteins are in dynamic equilibrium, partially controlled by the apolipoprotein A1 to apolipoprotein B ratio (APOA1/APOB). Freeze-dried mango pulp (FDM) is a rich source of phenolic compounds (MP) and dietary fiber (MF), although their effects on lipoprotein metabolism have not yet been studied. RESULTS Thirty male Wistar rats were fed with four different isocaloric diets (3.4 kcal g-1 ) for 12 weeks: control diet, high cholesterol (8 g kg-1 ) + sodium cholate (2 g kg-1 ) diet either alone or supplemented with MF (60 g kg-1 ), MP (1 g kg-1 ) or FDM (50 g kg-1 ). MP and FDM reduced food intake, whereas MF and MP tended to increase serum APOA1/APOB ratio, independently of their hepatic gene expression. This suggests that lipoprotein metabolism was favorably altered by mango bioactives, MP also mitigated the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis that resulted from the intake of this diet. CONCLUSION We propose that phenolics are the most bioactive components of mango pulp, acting as anti-atherogenic and hepatoprotective agents, with a mechanism of action tentatively based on changes to the main protein components of lipoproteins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo AC, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Humberto Astiazaran-Garcia
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Laura A de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo AC, Hermosillo, Mexico
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15
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Meena S, Rajput YS, Sharma R, Singh R. Effect of goat and camel milk vis a vis cow milk on cholesterol homeostasis in hypercholesterolemic rats. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Abd Eldaim MA, Ibrahim FM, Orabi SH, Hassan A, El Sabagh HS. l-Carnitine-induced amelioration of HFD-induced hepatic dysfunction is accompanied by a reduction in hepatic TNF-α and TGF-β1. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:713-725. [PMID: 29677453 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the possible mechanisms through which l-carnitine ameliorates the adverse effects from obesity in rats, induced with a high-fat diet (HFD). For this, 56 albino Wister rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups. The control group was fed a basal diet and injected with saline. The second group was fed the basal diet and injected with l-carnitine (200 mg/kg body mass, by intraperitoneal injection; i.p.). The third group were fed the HFD. The fourth group was fed the HFD and injected with l-carnitine (200 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) for 8 weeks. The fifth group was fed the HFD for 10 weeks. The sixth group were fed the HFD for 10 weeks and were also injected with l-carnitine (200 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) during the final 2 weeks. The seventh group was fed the HFD diet for 8 weeks then the basal diet for 2 weeks. The HFD induced significantly increased levels of hyperglycemia, lipid peroxidation, pathological changes, TNF-α and TGF-β1 protein expression in hepatic tissue, food intake, body weight gain, serum levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ketone bodies, triacylglycerol, urea, creatinine, AST, and ALT. However, the HFD diet significantly decreased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and hepatic levels of reduced glutathione. l-Carnitine ameliorated the effects of the HFD on the above-mentioned parameters. This study indicated that l-carnitine had protective and curative effects against HFD-induced hepatosteatosis by reducing hepatic oxidative stress and protein expression of TNF-α and TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Sheben Elkom, Egypt
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fatma Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Saher Hassan Orabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Saad El Sabagh
- Department of Toxicology and Fronsic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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17
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Sun SM, Wang YY, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Yao ZX, Wu HM, Xia Y, Bao X, Gu YQ, Wang HL, Shi HB, Xu HY, Wang X, Zhou M, Jiao HL, Jia QY, Wang BM, Niu KJ. Serum levels of immunoglobulins in an adult population and their relationship with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Dig Dis 2018; 19:498-507. [PMID: 29989347 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have reported the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and immunoglobulins. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum immunoglobulin levels and NAFLD in a Chinese adult population. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study including 11 261 Chinese adults. NAFLD was diagnosed based on the Chinese Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of fatty liver diseases and an alcohol intake of <70 g/week in women and <140 g/week in men, and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were determined using immune nephelometry. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to assess relationships between concentrations of serum immunoglobulins and NAFLD. RESULTS Of the 11 261 adults recruited from January 2010 to December 2015, the prevalence of NAFLD was 40.8% (n = 4598). The geometric mean levels of IgG, IgM, IgE and IgA were 1177.49 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI] 1173.07-1181.93), 93.56 mg/dL (95% CI 92.70-94.42), 30.70 IU/mL (95% CI 29.92-31.49) and 216.64 mg/dL (95% CI 214.95-218.34), respectively. Compared with the lowest quintile, the multivariable adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of NAFLD for the highest quintile of IgG, IgM, IgE, and IgA were 0.78 (0.66-0.92), 0.71 (0.60-0.84), 0.98 (0.84-1.15) and 1.41 (1.21-1.66), respectively. CONCLUSION Increased IgA and decreased IgG and IgM levels are independently associated with NAFLD prevalence. Further research is needed to explore the causal association between serum immunoglobulins and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Mei Sun
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Yan Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhan Xin Yao
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Mei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Qing Gu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Lei Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Bin Shi
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai Yan Xu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Li Jiao
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Yu Jia
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bang Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Jun Niu
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Elmowafy M, Ibrahim HM, Ahmed MA, Shalaby K, Salama A, Hefesha H. Atorvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs): strategy to overcome oral delivery drawbacks. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:932-941. [PMID: 28617150 PMCID: PMC8241136 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1337823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin (AT) is a widely used lipid-regulating drug to reduce cholesterol and triglycerides. Its poor aqueous solubility and hepatic metabolism require development of drug delivery systems able to improve its solubility and bypass hepatic effect. For this purpose, atorvastatin nanostructured lipid carriers (AT-NLCs) were prepared and characterized. AT-NLCs were prepared by emulsification using high-speed homogenization followed by ultrasonication. The prepared NLCs showed particle size between 162.5 ± 12 and 865.55 ± 28 nm while zeta potential values varied between −34 ± 0.29 and −23 ± 0.36 mV. They also showed high encapsulation efficiency (>87%) and amorphous state of the drug in lipid matrix. Pharmacokinetic parameters of optimized formulation (NLC-1; composed of 2% Gelucire® 43/01, 8% Capryol® PGMC, 2% Pluronic®F68 and 0.5% lecithin) revealed 3.6- and 2.1-fold increase in bioavailability as compared to atorvastatin suspension and commercial product (Lipitor®), respectively. Administration of NLC-1 led to significant reduction (p < .05) in the rats’ serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This improvement was confirmed histologically by minimizing the associated hepatic steatosis. These investigations demonstrated the superiority of NLCs for improvement of oral bioavailability and in vivo performance of AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elmowafy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hany M Ibrahim
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Ahmed
- b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Khaled Shalaby
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ayman Salama
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hossam Hefesha
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
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19
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Basha M, Salama AH, El Awdan S. Reconstitutable spray dried ultra-fine dispersion as a robust platform for effective oral delivery of an antihyperlipidemic drug. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:478-490. [PMID: 28923769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current article highlights the application of spray drying technique to produce an ultra-fine powder encapsulating the antihyperlipidemic drug, atorvastatin calcium (ATV). First, ATV was dissolved in an emulsion formulation, and different carriers (pectin, alginate, chitosan HCl and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose) in two concentrations (1.5 and 3%) were added. Then, these carrier-containing formulations were subjected to spray drying, whereby ultra-fine ATV-loaded spray dried emulsions were produced (ATV-SDE). The optimum formulation; ATV-SDE7 containing 3% w/w pectin was selected showing an obviously enhanced dissolution profile compared to the other used polymers which could be attributed to its lower ability to swell in acidic medium, resulting in faster drug diffusion into release medium. Thus, ATV-SDE7 was subjected to further characterization including; DSC, XRPD, SEM and flowability properties. In-vivo studies were conducted using high-fat induced hyperlipidemic rats. The optimum formulation depicted normal lipid profile showing significant reduction in the measured parameters at the end of daily oral treatment, compared to ATV marketed tablets and control hyperlipidemic rats confirmed by normal liver sections upon histopathological examination. The superior lipid-lowering activity of ATV-SDE7 was not only due to the enhanced dissolution of ATV but also due to the presence of pectin which is capable of lowering both cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels. Hence, the present study suggests that the formulation strategy employing ultrafine redispersible spray dried emulsion with pectin as a carrier holds a promising approach for the development of a novel dosage form of enhanced antihyperlipidemic effect for ATV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Basha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sally El Awdan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Csonka C, Baranyai T, Tiszlavicz L, Fébel H, Szűcs G, Varga ZV, Sárközy M, Puskás LG, Antal O, Siska A, Földesi I, Ferdinandy P, Czakó L, Csont T. Isolated hypercholesterolemia leads to steatosis in the liver without affecting the pancreas. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:144. [PMID: 28750643 PMCID: PMC5532767 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid accumulation in the liver and pancreas is primarily caused by combined hyperlipidemia. However, the effect of isolated hypercholesterolemia without hypertriglyceridemia is not fully described. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether hypercholesterolemia alone leads to alterations both in hepatic and pancreatic lipid panel and histology in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed with 2% cholesterol +0.25% cholate-supplemented diet or standard chow for 12 weeks. Blood was collected at weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12 to measure serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. At week 12, both the pancreas and the liver were isolated for further histological and biochemical analysis. Hepatic and plasma fatty acid composition was assessed by gas chromatography. Expression of mRNA of major enzymes involved in saturated/unsaturated fatty acid synthesis was analyzed by qPCR. In separate experiments serum enzyme activities and insulin levels were measured at week 9. Results At week 12, rats fed with 2% cholesterol +0.25% cholate-supplemented diet were characterized by elevated serum cholesterol (4.09 ± 0.20 vs. 2.89 ± 0.22 mmol/L, *p < 0.05) while triglyceride (2.27 ± 0.05 vs. 2.03 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and glucose levels (5.32 ± 0.14 vs. 5.23 ± 0.10 mmol/L) remained unchanged. Isolated hypercholesterolemia increased hepatic lipid accumulation, hepatic cholesterol (5.86 ± 0.22 vs. 1.60 ± 0.15 ng/g tissue, *p < 0.05) and triglyceride contents (19.28 ± 1.42 vs. 6.78 ± 0.71 ng/g tissue, *p < 0.05), and hepatic nitrotyrosine level (4.07 ± 0.52 vs. 2.59 ± 0.31 ng/mg protein, *p < 0.05). The histology and tissue lipid content of the pancreas was not affected. Serum total protein level, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities remained unchanged in response to isolated hypercholesterolemia while serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) significantly increased. Plasma insulin levels did not change in response to isolated hypercholesterolemia suggesting an intact endocrine function of the pancreas. Isolated hypercholesterolemia caused a significantly increased hepatic and serum fatty acid level associated with a marked alteration of fatty acid composition. Hepatic expression of Δ9-desaturase (SCD1) was increased 4.92×, while expression of Δ5-desaturase and Δ6-desaturase were decreased (0.447× and 0.577×, respectively) due to isolated hypercholesterolemia. Conclusions Isolated hypercholesterolemia leads to hepatic steatosis and marked alterations in the hepatic lipid profile without affecting the pancreas. Altered fatty acid profile might mediate harmful effects of cholesterol in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Csonka
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Tamás Baranyai
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.,1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Hedvig Fébel
- Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Meat Science, Herceghalom, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Sárközy
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Otilia Antal
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Siska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Földesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Czakó
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
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21
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Tu LN, Showalter MR, Cajka T, Fan S, Pillai VV, Fiehn O, Selvaraj V. Metabolomic characteristics of cholesterol-induced non-obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6120. [PMID: 28733574 PMCID: PMC5522413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-obese patients remains a clinical condition with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Using a metabolomics approach in a mouse model that recapitulates almost all the characteristic features of non-obese NAFLD, we aimed to advance mechanistic understanding of this disorder. Mice fed high fat, high cholesterol, cholate (HFHCC) diet for three weeks consistently developed hepatic pathology similar to NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) without changes to body weight or fat pad weights. Gas- and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based profiling of lipidomic and primary metabolism changes in the liver and plasma revealed that systemic mechanisms leading to steatosis and hepatitis in this non-obese NAFLD model were driven by a combination of effects directed by elevated free cholesterol, cholesterol esters and cholic acid, and associated changes to metabolism of sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines. These results demonstrate that mechanisms underlying cholesterol-induced non-obese NAFLD are distinct from NAFLD occurring as a consequence of metabolic syndrome. In addition, this investigation provides one of the first metabolite reference profiles for interpreting effects of dietary and hepatic cholesterol in human non-obese NAFLD/NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan N Tu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Megan R Showalter
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tomas Cajka
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sili Fan
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Viju V Pillai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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22
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González-Peña D, Giménez L, de Ancos B, Sánchez-Moreno C. Role of dietary onion in modifying the faecal bile acid content in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Food Funct 2017; 8:2184-2192. [PMID: 28504277 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The determination of faecal bile patterns offers new opportunities in the search for non-invasive biomarkers of disease status. The objective of this study was to describe the shifts in faecal bile acid (BA) composition induced by feeding a high-cholesterol/cholic acid diet (HC) over 7 weeks of experimental feeding in Wistar rats, and to evaluate the effect of onion included as a functional ingredient (HCO). A HPLC-MS/MS method allowed the detection of 29 bile acids, 10 of which were tentatively identified and 12 confirmed and quantified by means of standards and calibration curves. The excretion of bile acids revealed a discriminating bile acid profile between the HC and HCO groups compared with the C group. HCO feeding indicated significant changes in specific primary and secondary BA in both the unconjugated and conjugated forms caused by the addition of the onion ingredient to the diet. The results suggest that the induction of microbiome modifications by the HC and HCO diets acts as a critical modifier of the faecal bile acid composition. These modifications might reflect and be linked to changes in the reabsorption of BA at an intestinal level and the process of BA deconjugation in the course of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana González-Peña
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), ES-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Giménez
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), ES-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Begoña de Ancos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), ES-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción Sánchez-Moreno
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), ES-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Lede V, Meusel A, Garten A, Popkova Y, Penke M, Franke C, Ricken A, Schulz A, Kiess W, Huster D, Schöneberg T, Schiller J. Altered hepatic lipid metabolism in mice lacking both the melanocortin type 4 receptor and low density lipoprotein receptor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172000. [PMID: 28207798 PMCID: PMC5313158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with dyslipidemia and hepatosteatosis. A number of animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are established but they significantly differ in the molecular and biochemical changes depending on the genetic modification and diet used. Mice deficient for melanocortin type 4 receptor (Mc4rmut) develop hyperphagia, obesity, and subsequently NAFLD already under regular chow and resemble more closely the energy supply-driven obesity found in humans. This animal model was used to assess the molecular and biochemical consequences of hyperphagia-induced obesity on hepatic lipid metabolism. We analyzed transcriptome changes in Mc4rmut mice by RNA sequencing and used high resolution 1H magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to assess changes in the lipid composition. On the transcriptomic level we found significant changes in components of the triacylglycerol metabolism, unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathways, and lipid transport and storage compared to the wild-type. These findings were supported by increases in triacylglycerol, monounsaturated fatty acid, and arachidonic acid levels. The transcriptome signatures significantly differ from those of other NAFLD mouse models supporting the concept of hepatic subphenotypes depending on the genetic background and diet. Comparative analyses of our data with previous studies allowed for the identification of common changes and genotype-specific components and pathways involved in obesity-associated NAFLD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Hypercholesterolemia/etiology
- Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism
- Hypercholesterolemia/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism
- Lipogenesis/genetics
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation/genetics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Obesity/complications
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/deficiency
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lede
- Molecular Biochemistry, Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Meusel
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yulia Popkova
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Penke
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Albert Ricken
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- Molecular Biochemistry, Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Molecular Biochemistry, Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail: (JS); (TS)
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail: (JS); (TS)
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A diet-induced Sprague-Dawley rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:62-69. [PMID: 27863346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Certain modified diets containing saturated fatty acids, cholesterol or fructose lead to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related fibrosis in rodents; however, progression to cirrhosis is rare. Experimental liver cirrhosis models have relied on genetic manipulation or administration of hepatotoxins. This study aimed to establish a reliable dietary model of NASH-related cirrhosis in a relatively short period. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (9 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to normal, high-fat (HF), or two types (1.25% or 2.5% cholesterol) of high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diets for 18 weeks. All HFC diets contained 2% cholic acid by weight. Histopathological analysis revealed that the HFC diets induced obvious hepatic steatosis, inflammation with hepatocyte ballooning and advanced fibrosis (stage 3-4) in all 12 rats at 27 weeks of age. In contrast, all five rats given the HF diet developed mild steatosis and inflammation without fibrosis. The amount of cholesterol in the liver and hepatocellular mitochondrial and microsomal fractions was significantly higher in rats fed the HFC diets than the normal or HF diets. The HFC diets significantly suppressed mRNA levels of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G5, bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase and bile salt export pump, as well as the enzymatic activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase in the liver. In conclusion, the HFC diets induced liver cirrhosis in conjunction with hepatic features of NASH in Sprague-Dawley rats within 18 weeks, and altered gene expression and enzyme activity to accumulate lipid and bile acid in the liver.
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25
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Chiba T, Suzuki S, Sato Y, Itoh T, Umegaki K. Evaluation of Methionine Content in a High-Fat and Choline-Deficient Diet on Body Weight Gain and the Development of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164191. [PMID: 27723801 PMCID: PMC5056759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a globally recognized liver disease. A methionine- and choline-deficient diet is used to induce NASH in mice; however, this diet also causes severe body weight loss. To resolve this issue, we examined the effects of methionine content in a high-fat and choline-deficient (HFCD) diet on body weight and the development of NASH in mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice (male, 10 weeks of age) were fed an L-amino acid rodent (control) diet, high-fat (HF) diet, or HFCD diet containing various amounts of methionine (0.1–0.6% (w/w)) for 12 weeks. Plasma lipid levels, hepatic lipid content and inflammatory marker gene expression were measured, and a pathological analysis was conducted to evaluate NASH. Results The 0.1% methionine in HFCD diet suppressed body weight gain, which was lower than that with control diet. On the other hand, the 0.2% methionine in HFCD diet yielded similar body weight gains as the control diet, while more than 0.4% methionine showed the same body weight gains as the HF diet. Liver weights and hepatic lipid contents were the greatest with 0.1% methionine and decreased in a methionine dose-dependent manner. Pathological analysis, NAFLD activity scores and gene expression levels in the liver revealed that 0.1% and 0.2% methionine for 12 weeks induced NASH, whereas 0.4% and 0.6% methionine attenuated the induction of NASH by HFCD diet. However, the 0.2% methionine in HFCD diet did not induce insulin resistance, despite the body weight gain. Conclusions The 0.2% methionine in HFCD diet for 12 weeks was able to induce NASH without weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Chiba
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sachina Suzuki
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Sato
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Itoh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kinki University Faculty of Agriculture, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Keizo Umegaki
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Chronic Moderate Alcohol Intakes Accelerate SR-B1 Mediated Reverse Cholesterol Transport. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33032. [PMID: 27618957 PMCID: PMC5020497 DOI: 10.1038/srep33032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for all animal life. However, a high level of cholesterol in the body is strongly associated with the progression of various severe diseases. In our study, the potential involvement of alcohol in the regulation of high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B and type I (SR-B1)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport was investigated. We separated male C57BL/6 mice into four diets: control, alcohol, Control + HC and alcohol + HC. The SR-B1 level and 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate- high- density lipoprotein (DiI-HDL) uptake were also measured in AML12 cells and HL7702 cells treated with alcohol. The control + HC diet led to increased hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels while alcohol + HC led no significant change. Compared with that of the control group, the SR-B1 mRNA level was elevated by 27.1% (P < 0.05), 123.8% (P < 0.001) and 343.6% (P < 0.001) in the alcohol, control + HC and alcohol + HC groups, respectively. In AML12 and HL7702 cells, SR-B1 level and DiI-HDL uptake were repressed by SR-B1 siRNA or GW9662. However, these effects were reversed through alcohol treatment. These data suggest that a moderate amount of alcohol plays a novel role in reverse cholesterol transport, mainly mediated by PPARγ and SR-B1.
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Suzuki S, Sato Y, Umegaki K, Chiba T. Influence of High-fat and High-cholesterol Diet on Major CYP Activities in the Liver. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:1297-305. [PMID: 27592832 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 12 weeks induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and influenced major CYP subtype gene expression levels and activities in a mouse model. In the present study, we determined the effects of the HFHC diet on CYP expression levels and activities prior to the establishment of NASH. When male C57BL/6J mice were fed the HFHC or a normal chow diet (Control) ad libitum for 4 weeks, body weights were significantly lower, whereas liver weights and hepatic lipid contents were significantly higher in the HFHC group than in the Control group. Under these conditions, hepatic microsomal luciferin-H (human CYP2C9 substrate) hydroxylation activity was significantly lower in the HFHC group than in the Control group. In order to investigate drug efficacy in mice fed the HFHC diet, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was conducted with or without a pretreatment with tolbutamide (a CYP2C substrate) after 4 weeks of feeding. The plasma glucose-lowering effects of tolbutamide were attenuated in the HFHC group even though luciferin-H hydroxylation activity was suppressed in this group. The reason for this discrepancy was attributed to the mRNA expression levels of Cyp2c44 being lower and those of Cyp2c29 and Cyp2c66, which are involved in the metabolism of tolbutamide, being higher in the HFHC group than in the Control group. These results indicate that the expression of Cyp2c in the liver is influenced by the HFHC diet prior to the establishment of NASH and its regulation differed among the subtypes examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachina Suzuki
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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28
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Jacobs A, Warda A, Verbeek J, Cassiman D, Spincemaille P. An Overview of Mouse Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: From Past to Present. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:185-200. [DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ans Jacobs
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Anne‐Sophie Warda
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - David Cassiman
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Metabolic Center, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Pieter Spincemaille
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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29
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Kumar M, Kasala ER, Bodduluru LN, Dahiya V, Sharma D, Kumar V, Lahkar M. Animal models of myocardial infarction: Mainstay in clinical translation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 76:221-30. [PMID: 26988997 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical models with high prognostic power are a prerequisite for translational research. The closer the similarity of a model to myocardial infarction (MI), the higher is the prognostic value for clinical trials. An ideal MI model should present cardinal signs and pathology that resemble the human disease. The increasing understanding of MI stratification and etiology, however, complicates the choice of animal model for preclinical studies. An ultimate animal model, relevant to address all MI related pathophysiology is yet to be developed. However, many of the existing MI models comprising small and large animals are useful in answering specific questions. An appropriate MI model should be selected after considering both the context of the research question and the model properties. This review addresses the strengths, and limitations of current MI models for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Eshvendar Reddy Kasala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Lakshmi Narendra Bodduluru
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Vicky Dahiya
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Dinesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
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Tamada H, Naito H, Kitamori K, Hayashi Y, Yamagishi N, Kato M, Nakajima T. Efficacy of Dietary Lipid Control in Healing High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Fibrotic Steatohepatitis in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145939. [PMID: 26727365 PMCID: PMC4699821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is related to lifestyle, particularly to dietary habits. We developed diet-induced fibrotic steatohepatitis model stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive 5/Dmcr (SHRSP5/Dmcr) rats showing steatosis, hepatic inflammation, and severe fibrosis induced by high-fat and -cholesterol (HFC) diet feeding. We aimed to clarify the efficacy of dietary intervention on the disease before and after the appearance of fibrosis. Male SHRSP5/Dmcr rats were divided into 9 groups; of these, 6 groups were fed control or HFC diet for several weeks and the remaining 3 groups represented the dietary intervention groups, which were fed the control diet after HFC diet feeding for 2 (before the appearance of fibrosis) or 8 (after the appearance of fibrosis) weeks. Dietary intervention before the appearance of fibrosis significantly improved the steatosis and reset the increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and serum total cholesterol (TC) levels. However, dietary intervention after the appearance of fibrosis was unable to reset the levels of hepatic TC, serum ALT, and fibrogenesis-related markers and had only a minor influence on hepatic fibrosis, although it reset the increased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). It was noted that dietary intervention improved the increased AST levels; however, aggregated CD68-positive cells were still observed around the fibrosis area, which may be related to the findings of inflammatory cytokine mRNAs. Taken together, dietary intervention for fibrotic steatohepatitis improved steatosis, although it could not completely improve fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Tamada
- Department of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Naito
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamori
- Department of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumi Hayashi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nozomi Yamagishi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Evaluation of physicochemical properties and in vivo efficiency of atorvastatin calcium/ezetimibe solid dispersions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 82:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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32
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Zhang TS, Qin HL, Wang T, Li HT, Li H, Xia SH, Xiang XH. Global publication trends and research hotspots of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a bibliometric analysis and systematic review. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:776. [PMID: 26697286 PMCID: PMC4678134 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the globally increasing prevalence, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) becomes the predominant cause of chronic liver disease. A global look at the publication trends and the research hotspots of NAFLD are urgently needed to assess the situation of NAFLD research. The global scientific research in the Science Citation Index-Expanded covered articles relevant to NAFLD was retrieved and its bibliometric parameters and research hotspots of NAFLD were systematically evaluated. To sum up, 6356 articles were published in 994 different journals covering 93 SCI subject categories during 1986–2013, in which English was the most predominant language used. Starting from the late 1980s, the publication on NAFLD grew slowly and entered into a highly developing period in the 21st century, especially in the last decade. Besides hepatic steatosis, metabolic syndrome and its combination of symptoms such as obesity, insulin resistance are listed as the top frequent keywords. Bibliometric results suggest that the obviously rapid growth of the articles in recent years appears to be associated with the accelerating incidence of NAFLD and its cofactors such as metabolic syndrome. In addition, epidemiology focusing on comparing different regions and population is attracting ever-growing attention. Meantime, pathology plays an important role in NAFLD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Shuo Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Hua-Lei Qin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Hai-Tao Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Shi-Hai Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162 China
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Jahangiri A, Barzegar-Jalali M, Garjani A, Javadzadeh Y, Hamishehkar H, Afroozian A, Adibkia K. Pharmacological and histological examination of atorvastatin-PVP K30 solid dispersions. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhang L, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liao S, Wu X, Chang Q, Liang B. Cholesterol induces lipoprotein lipase expression in a tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15970. [PMID: 26522240 PMCID: PMC4629153 DOI: 10.1038/srep15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are indispensible to investigate the pathogenesis and treatments of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Altered cholesterol metabolism has been implicated into the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Here, using high fat, cholesterol and cholate diet (HFHC), we generated a novel tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) model of NAFLD, which displayed dyslipidemia with increased levels of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), but decreased level of triglycerides (TG). Liver histopathology and genes expression indicated that HFHC diet successfully induced liver steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis progressively within 10 weeks. Moreover, HFHC induced the transcriptional expression of lipoprotein lipase (lpl) in the liver, but repressed the expression of LDL receptor, and the endogenous synthesis pathway and excretion of cholesterol. Notably, Poloxamer 407 (P-407) inhibition of LPL improved the severity of steatosis and reduced inflammation. These results illustrated that LPL plays an important role in cholesterol metabolism in NAFLD, and the tree shrew may be a valuable animal model for further research into NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science &Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science &Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science &Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Shasha Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science &Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science &Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science &Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science &Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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Physicochemical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of ezetimibe-PVP K30 solid dispersions in hyperlipidemic rats. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Karam I, Ma N, Liu XW, Li SH, Kong XJ, Li JY, Yang YJ. Regulation effect of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on blood lipids in Wistar rats with hyperlipidemia. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:217. [PMID: 26289078 PMCID: PMC4546030 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a promising drug candidate for treatment of inflammation, pain and fever and prevention of cardiovascular diseases with less side effects. The experiment will be conducted to investigate the efficacy of AEE on curing hyperlipidemia in Wistar rats. The rats were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia. Results Compared with the model group, the results showed that AEE at 54 mg/kg dosage could significantly decrease the hyperlipidemia indexes including triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TCH) (p < 0.01), increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < 0.05) for five weeks drug administration. Meanwhile, simvastatin had same effect on hyperlipidemia indexes such as TG, LDL, TC, but no significant increase in HDL. Conclusion AEE was effective against hyperlipidemia and had better anti-hyperlipidemic effect than its component, acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin, ASA), eugenol and integration of ASA and eugenol. Under the experimental circumstance, the optimal dose of AEE to cure hyperlipidemia is 54 mg/kg for five weeks in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isam Karam
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Kong
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, No.335, jiangouyan, qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Roman Junior WA, Piato AL, Conterato GMM, Wildner SM, Marcon M, Mocelin R, Emanuelli MP, Emanuelli T, Nepel A, Barison A, Santos CAM. Hypolipidemic effects of Solidago chilensis hydroalcoholic extract and its major isolated constituent quercetrin in cholesterol-fed rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1488-1495. [PMID: 25898223 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.989622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite several studies on the effects of Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae), the phytochemical and hypolipidemic properties remain underappreciated. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and quercetrin from S. chilensis aerial parts in cholesterol-fed rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HE was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by quercetrin isolation. Hypercholesterolemic rats (1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 15 d) were treated with HE (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6), simvastatin (4 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6), or quercetrin (10 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6) once a day for 30 d. During this period, a high-cholesterol diet was maintained until the 30th day of treatment. RESULTS Rats treated with HE (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) and quercetrin showed decreased serum levels of total cholesterol (-19.9, -27.5, -31.0, and -39.4%), lipoprotein-cholesterol (-36.0, -37.5, -43.3, and -59.4%), and triacylglycerides (-15.6, -23.5, -29.8, and -27.2%) when compared with the control group similar to simvastatin. Moreover, treatment with HE and quercetrin decreased hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity (35.1% on average) and increased fecal cholesterol levels (38.2% on average). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that hypolipidemic effects of HE are associated with it modulating the activity of HMG-CoA reductase and its interference in the reabsorption and/or excretion of intestinal lipids. Solidago chilensis and its main constituent, quercetrin, may thus be effective as cholesterol-lowering agents and in preventing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter A Roman Junior
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
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Ichimura M, Kawase M, Masuzumi M, Sakaki M, Nagata Y, Tanaka K, Suruga K, Tamaru S, Kato S, Tsuneyama K, Omagari K. High-fat and high-cholesterol diet rapidly induces non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:458-69. [PMID: 24827559 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The development of fibrosis is considered an important phase in the progress of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) towards the end stage of liver disease, including cirrhosis. However, few small animal models can display NASH-associated fibrosis. We aimed to establish a dietary model of NASH with rapid progression to fibrosis using genetically normal rats. METHODS Nine-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with normal, high-fat (HF), or two types of high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diets for 9 weeks (n = 5 each). All HFC diets contained 1.25% or 2.5% cholesterol. RESULTS The rats fed with the HF diet developed mild steatosis and inflammation without fibrosis at 18 weeks of age, whereas all rats given the HFC diet developed obvious steatosis and inflammation with hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis. Two of five (40%) rats given the HFC diet containing 2.5% cholesterol progressed to liver cirrhosis. Hepatic total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in rats given the HFC, than the normal or HF diets. The HFC diet significantly and dose-dependently decreased microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression. Cholesterol tended to suppress carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter G5 expression. Adding cholesterol to the HF diet modified hepatic lipid metabolism at the molecular level. CONCLUSION The HFC diet induced hepatic features of NASH and eventually progressed cirrhosis in Sprague-Dawley rats within 9 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Ichimura
- Division of Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
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Andriani Y, Tengku-Muhammad TS, Mohamad H, Saidin J, Syamsumir DF, Chew GS, Abdul Wahid ME. Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl. (Thymelaeaceae) leaves increase SR-BI expression and reduce cholesterol levels in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Molecules 2015; 20:4410-29. [PMID: 25759957 PMCID: PMC6272643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies of the activity of Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl (Thymelaeaceae) leaves against the therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia were done using the HDL receptor (SR-BI) and hypercholesterolemia-induced Sprague Dawley rats. The in vitro study showed that the active fraction (CF6) obtained from the ethyl acetate extract (EMD) and its component 2',6',4-trihydroxy-4'-methoxybenzophenone increased the SR-BI expression by 95% and 60%, respectively. The in vivo study has proven the effect of EMD at 0.5 g/kgbw dosage in reducing the total cholesterol level by 224.9% and increasing the HDL cholesterol level by 157% compared to the cholesterol group. In the toxicity study, serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) activity were observed to be at normal levels. The liver histology also proved no toxicity and abnormalities in any of the treatment groups, so it can be categorized as non-toxic to the rat liver. The findings taken together show that P. macrocarpa leaves are safe and suitable as an alternative control and prevention treatment for hypercholesterolemia in Sprague Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosie Andriani
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu (UNIB), Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia.
| | | | - Habsah Mohamad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Jasnizat Saidin
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Desy Fitrya Syamsumir
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Guat-Siew Chew
- Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat 3350, Australia.
| | - Mohd Effendy Abdul Wahid
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and sonoelastography: non-invasive assessments of chemoprevention of liver fibrosis in thioacetamide-induced rats with Sho-Saiko-To. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114756. [PMID: 25490034 PMCID: PMC4260946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to compare the performance of gadoxetic acid -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and sonoelastography in evaluating chemopreventive effects of Sho-Saiko-To (SST) in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced early liver fibrosis in rats. Materials and Methods Ten of Sprague-Dawley rats receiving TAA (200 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneal injection were divided into three groups: Group 1 (TAA only, n = 3), Group 2 (TAA +0.25 g/kg SST, n = 4) and Group 3 (TAA+1 g/kg SST, n = 3). Core needle liver biopsy at week 2 and liver specimens after sacrifice at week 6 confirmed liver fibrosis using histological examinations, including Sirius red staining, Ishak and Metavir scoring systems. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and shear-wave sonoelastography were employed to evaluate liver fibrosis. The expression of hepatic transporter organic anion transporter 1 (Oatp1), multidrug-resistant protein 2 (Mrp2) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-Sma) were also analyzed in each group by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot. Results According to histological grading by Sirius red staining, Ishak scores of liver fibrosis in Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 3, 2 and 1, respectively. As shown in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, the ratio of relative enhancement was significantly lower in Group 1 (1.87±0.21) than in Group 2 of low-dose (2.82±0.25) and Group 3 of high-dose (2.72±0.12) SST treatment at 10 minutes after gadoxetic acid intravenous injection (p<0.05). Sonoelastography showed that the mean difference before and after experiments in Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 4.66±0.1, 4.4±0.57 and 3±0.4 KPa (p<0.1), respectively. Chemopreventive effects of SST reduced the Mrp2 protein level (p<0.01) but not Oatp1 and α-Sma levels. Conclusion Sonoelastography and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI could monitor the treatment effect of SST in an animal model of early hepatic fibrosis.
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Li S, Hsu DDF, Li B, Luo X, Alderson N, Qiao L, Ma L, Zhu HH, He Z, Suino-Powell K, Ji K, Li J, Shao J, Xu HE, Li T, Feng GS. Cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 coordinates hepatic regulation of bile acid and FGF15/19 signaling to repress bile acid synthesis. Cell Metab 2014; 20:320-32. [PMID: 24981838 PMCID: PMC4365973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) biosynthesis is tightly controlled by intrahepatic negative feedback signaling elicited by BA binding to farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and also by enterohepatic communication involving ileal BA reabsorption and FGF15/19 secretion. However, how these pathways are coordinated is poorly understood. We show here that nonreceptor tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 is a critical player that couples and regulates the intrahepatic and enterohepatic signals for repression of BA synthesis. Ablating Shp2 in hepatocytes suppressed signal relay from FGFR4, receptor for FGF15/19, and attenuated BA activation of FXR signaling, resulting in elevation of systemic BA levels and chronic hepatobiliary disorders in mice. Acting immediately downstream of FGFR4, Shp2 associates with FRS2α and promotes the receptor activation and signal relay to several pathways. These results elucidate a molecular mechanism for the control of BA homeostasis by Shp2 through the orchestration of multiple signals in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0864, USA
| | - Diane D F Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0864, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0864, USA
| | - Nazilla Alderson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0864, USA
| | - Liping Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0983, USA
| | - Lina Ma
- Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92186, USA
| | - Helen H Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0864, USA
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0864, USA
| | - Kelly Suino-Powell
- Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Kaihong Ji
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0864, USA
| | - Jiefu Li
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0864, USA
| | - Jianhua Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0983, USA
| | - H Eric Xu
- Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0864, USA.
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Abdelbaset M, Safar MM, Mahmoud SS, Negm SA, Agha AM. Red yeast rice and coenzyme Q10 as safe alternatives to surmount atorvastatin-induced myopathy in hyperlipidemic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:481-9. [PMID: 24896301 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Statins are the first line treatment for the management of hyperlipidemia. However, the primary adverse effect limiting their use is myopathy. This study examines the efficacy and safety of red yeast rice (RYR), a source of natural statins, as compared with atorvastatin, which is the most widely used synthetic statin. Statin interference with the endogenous synthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) prompted the hypothesis that its deficiency may be implicated in the pathogenesis of statin-associated myopathy. Hence, the effects of combination of CoQ10 with either statin have been evaluated. Rats were rendered hyperlipidemic through feeding them a high-fat diet for 90 days, during the last 30 days of the diet they were treated daily with either atorvastatin, RYR, CoQ10, or combined regimens. Lipid profile, liver function tests, and creatine kinase were monitored after 15 and 30 days of drug treatments. Heart contents of CoQ9 and CoQ10 were assessed and histopathological examination of the liver and aortic wall was performed. RYR and CoQ10 had the advantage over atorvastatin in that they lower cholesterol without elevating creatine kinase, a hallmark of myopathy. RYR maintained normal levels of heart ubiquinones, which are essential components for energy production in muscles. In conclusion, RYR and CoQ10 may offer alternatives to overcome atorvastatin-associated myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Abdelbaset
- a Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, El Tahrir Street, 12622 Giza, Egypt
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Effect of maternal diabetes and hypercholesterolemia on fetal liver of albino Wistar rats. Nutrition 2014; 30:326-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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In vitro and in vivo models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11963-80. [PMID: 23739675 PMCID: PMC3709766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
By now, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be among the most common liver diseases world-wide. NAFLD encompasses a broad spectrum of pathological conditions ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and finally even cirrhosis; however, only a minority of patients progress to end-stages of the disease, and the course of the disease progression to the later stages seems to be slow, developing progressively over several years. Key risk factors including overweight, insulin resistance, a sedentary life-style and an altered dietary pattern, as well as genetic factors and disturbances of the intestinal barrier function have been identified in recent years. Despite intense research efforts that lead to the identification of these risk factors, knowledge about disease initiation and molecular mechanisms involved in progression is still limited. This review summarizes diet-induced and genetic animal models, as well as cell culture models commonly used in recent years to add to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in NAFLD, also referring to their advantages and disadvantages.
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Liu Y, Meyer C, Xu C, Weng H, Hellerbrand C, ten Dijke P, Dooley S. Animal models of chronic liver diseases. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G449-68. [PMID: 23275613 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00199.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are frequent and potentially life threatening for humans. The underlying etiologies are diverse, ranging from viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and intoxications (including alcohol abuse) to imbalanced diets. Although at early stages of disease the liver regenerates in the absence of the insult, advanced stages cannot be healed and may require organ transplantation. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms is mandatory for the design of new drugs to be used in clinic. Therefore, rodent models are being developed to mimic human liver disease. However, no model to date can completely recapitulate the "corresponding" human disorder. Limiting factors are the time frame required in humans to establish a certain liver disease and the fact that rodents possess a distinct immune system compared with humans and have different metabolic rates affecting liver homeostasis. These features account for the difficulties in developing adequate rodent models for studying disease progression and for testing new pharmaceuticals to be translated into the clinic. Nevertheless, traditional and new promising animal models that mimic certain attributes of chronic liver diseases are established and being used to deepen our understanding in the underlying mechanisms of distinct liver diseases. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of recent advances in animal models recapitulating different features and etiologies of human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology-Alcohol Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Okada Y, Yamaguchi K, Nakajima T, Nishikawa T, Jo M, Mitsumoto Y, Kimura H, Nishimura T, Tochiki N, Yasui K, Mitsuyoshi H, Minami M, Kagawa K, Okanoue T, Itoh Y. Rosuvastatin ameliorates high-fat and high-cholesterol diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Liver Int 2013; 33:301-11. [PMID: 23295058 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Statins, which are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and inhibit endogenous cholesterol synthesis, possess pleiotropic activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and antifibrotic effects. Here, we investigated whether statins ameliorate steatohepatitis using a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet-induced rat model. METHODS Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control chow or HFHC diet. Half of the HFHC diet-fed rats were orally administered 2 mg/kg/day rosuvastatin for 12 weeks. Hepatic injury, steatosis, fibrosis and markers of lipid peroxidation/oxidant stress were evaluated. RESULTS As previously reported, HFHC diet induced steatohepatitis in rat livers with hypercholesterolaemia. Rosuvastatin decreased Oil Red O stained-positive areas, liver/body weight ratio, serum total cholesterol levels and hepatic free fatty acid contents in HFHC diet-fed rats. Further study revealed that rosuvastatin significantly decreased hepatic mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, serum alanine aminotransferase levels and hepatic lobular inflammation grade. Hepatic fibrosis was also ameliorated by rosuvastatin with decreases in hepatic mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β, connective tissue growth factor and type-1 procollagen. Similarly, hepatic Sirius red stained or α-smooth muscle actin stained-positive areas and expression of markers of lipid peroxidation/oxidant stress [hepatic 8-hydroxy-oxyguanosine and hepatic 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal] were decreased. Interestingly, whereas the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase was not affected, that of catalase and acyl-coA oxidase was restored. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that rosuvastatin improved not only hepatic steatosis but also hepatic injury and fibrosis via improved peroxisomal β-oxidation in this rat HFHC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Okada
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Changes in the hepatic mitochondrial and membrane proteome in mice fed a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis inducing diet. J Proteomics 2013; 80:107-22. [PMID: 23313215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) accounts for a large proportion of cryptic cirrhosis in the Western societies. Nevertheless, we lack a deeper understanding of the underlying pathomolecular processes, particularly those preceding hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In order to gain novel insights into early NASH-development from the first appearance of proteomic alterations to the onset of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, we conducted a time-course analysis of proteomic changes in liver mitochondria and membrane-enriched fractions of female C57Bl/6N mice fed either a mere steatosis or NASH inducing diet. This data was complemented by quantitative measurements of hepatic glycerol-containing lipids, cholesterol and intermediates of the methionine cycle. Aside from energy metabolism and stress response proteins, enzymes of the urea cycle and methionine metabolism were found regulated. Alterations in the methionine cycle occur early in disease progression preceding molecular signs of inflammation. Proteins that hold particular promise in the early distinction between benign steatosis and NASH are methyl-transferase Mettl7b, the glycoprotein basigin and the microsomal glutathione-transferase.
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Naik V, Leaf EM, Hu JH, Yang HY, Nguyen NB, Giachelli CM, Speer MY. Sources of cells that contribute to atherosclerotic intimal calcification: an in vivo genetic fate mapping study. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94:545-54. [PMID: 22436847 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular cartilaginous metaplasia and calcification are common in patients with atherosclerosis. However, sources of cells contributing to the development of this complication are currently unknown. In this study, we ascertained the origin of cells that give rise to cartilaginous and bony elements in atherosclerotic vessels. METHODS AND RESULTS We utilized genetic fate mapping strategies to trace cells of smooth muscle (SM) origin via SM22α-Cre recombinase and Rosa26-LacZ Cre reporter alleles. In animals expressing both transgenes, co-existence within a single cell of β-galactosidase [marking cells originally derived from SM cells (SMCs)] with osteochondrogenic (Runx2/Cbfa1) or chondrocytic (Sox9, type II collagen) markers, along with simultaneous loss of SM lineage proteins, provides a strong evidence supporting reprogramming of SMCs towards osteochondrogenic or chondrocytic differentiation. Using this technique, we found that vascular SMCs accounted for ~80% of Runx2/Cbfa1-positive cells and almost all of type II collagen-positive cells (~98%) in atherosclerotic vessels of LDLr-/- and ApoE-/- mice. We also assessed contribution from bone marrow (BM)-derived cells via analysing vessels dissected from chimerical ApoE-/- mice transplanted with green fluorescence protein-expressing BM. Marrow-derived cells were found to account for ~20% of Runx2/Cbfa1-positive cells in calcified atherosclerotic vessels of ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSION Our results are the first to definitively identify cell sources attributable to atherosclerotic intimal calcification. SMCs were found to be a major contributor that reprogrammed its lineage towards osteochondrogenesis. Marrow-derived cells from the circulation also contributed significantly to the early osteochondrogenic differentiation in atherosclerotic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Naik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Foege N310D, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Watanabe S, Tsuneyama K. Cattle bile but not bear bile or pig bile induces lipid profile changes and fatty liver injury in mice: mediation by cholic acid. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:105-21. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Watanabe
- Division of Clinical Application, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama
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Matono T, Koda M, Tokunaga S, Kato J, Sugihara T, Ueki M, Murawaki Y. Therapeutic effects of ezetimibe for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in fatty liver shionogi-ob/ob mice. Hepatol Res 2011; 41:1240-8. [PMID: 21951423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM An effective therapy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has yet to be defined. This study examined the therapeutic effects of ezetimibe, a lipid-lowering medication, on steatosis and hepatic fibrosis in fatty liver Shionogi ob/ob (FLS-ob) mice. METHODS Low-dose (0.2 mg/kg body weight) and high-dose (1.0 mg/kg body weight) of ezetimibe were administered to FLS-ob mice orally for 12 weeks. RESULTS Administration of ezetimibe significantly and dose-dependently decreased liver cholesterol content. The area of hepatic fibrosis and hepatic hydroxyproline content in the low- and high-dose groups were significantly decreased compared with controls. Areas of α-smooth muscle actin positivity and F4/80 positivity were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Percentages of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine-positive cells in low- and high-dose groups were significantly decreased compared with those in controls, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the high-dose group was also significantly decreased compared to controls. Gene expression levels of procollagen I and transforming growth factor β1 mRNA levels were lower in the low- and high-dose groups than in controls. Tumor necrosis factor-α and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c mRNA levels were also lower in the low- and high-dose groups than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Ezetimibe attenuated steatosis and liver fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and suppressing activated hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Matono
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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