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Al-Sulaiti H, Almaliti J, Naman CB, Al Thani AA, Yassine HM. Metabolomics Approaches for the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Better Disease Management of Viral Infections. Metabolites 2023; 13:948. [PMID: 37623891 PMCID: PMC10456346 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is an analytical approach that involves profiling and comparing the metabolites present in biological samples. This scoping review article offers an overview of current metabolomics approaches and their utilization in evaluating metabolic changes in biological fluids that occur in response to viral infections. Here, we provide an overview of metabolomics methods including high-throughput analytical chemistry and multivariate data analysis to identify the specific metabolites associated with viral infections. This review also focuses on data interpretation and applications designed to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of these viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Al-Sulaiti
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.-S.); (A.A.A.T.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Jehad Almaliti
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA P.O. Box 92093, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman P.O. Box 11942, Jordan
| | - C. Benjamin Naman
- Department of Science and Conservation, San Diego Botanic Garden, Encinitas, CA P.O. Box 92024, USA;
| | - Asmaa A. Al Thani
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.-S.); (A.A.A.T.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Brzdęk M, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Rzymski P, Lorenc B, Kazek A, Tudrujek-Zdunek M, Janocha-Litwin J, Mazur W, Dybowska D, Berak H, Parfieniuk-Kowerda A, Klapaczyński J, Sitko M, Sobala-Szczygieł B, Piekarska A, Flisiak R. Changes in characteristics of patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis from the beginning of the interferon-free era. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2015-2033. [PMID: 37155527 PMCID: PMC10122793 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i13.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 290000 patients with chronic hepatitis C die annually from the most severe complications of the disease. One of them is liver cirrhosis, which occurs in about 20% of patients chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which replaced interferon (IFN)-based regimens, significantly improved the prognosis of this group of patients, increasing HCV eradication rates and tolerability of therapy. Our study is the first to assess changes in patient profile, effectiveness, and safety in the HCV-infected cirrhotic population in the IFN-free era.
AIM To document changes in patient characteristics and treatment regimens along with their effectiveness and safety profile over the years.
METHODS The studied patients were selected from 14801 chronically HCV-infected individuals who started IFN-free therapy between July 2015 and December 2021 in 22 Polish hepatology centers. The retrospective analysis was conducted in real-world clinical practice based on the EpiTer-2 multicenter database. The measure of treatment effectiveness was the percentage of sustained virologic response (SVR) calculated after excluding patients lost to follow-up. Safety data collected during therapy and the 12-wk post-treatment period included information on adverse events, including serious ones, deaths, and treatment course.
RESULTS The studied population (n = 3577) was balanced in terms of gender in 2015-2017, while the following years showed the dominance of men. The decline in the median age from 60 in 2015-2016 to 57 years in 2021 was accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of patients with comorbidities and comedications. Treatment-experienced patients dominated in 2015-2016, while treatment-naive individuals gained an advantage in 2017 and reached 93.2% in 2021. Genotype (GT)-specific options were more prevalent in treatment in 2015-2018 and were supplanted by pangenotypic combinations in subsequent years. The effectiveness of the therapy was comparable regardless of the period analyzed, and patients achieved an overall response rate of 95%, with an SVR range of 72.9%-100% for the different therapeutic regimens. Male gender, GT3 infection, and prior treatment failure were identified as independent negative predictors of therapeutic success.
CONCLUSION We have documented changes in the profile of HCV-infected cirrhotic patients over the years of accessibility to changing DAA regimens, confirming the high effectiveness of IFN-free therapy in all analyzed periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Brzdęk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce 25-317, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-806, Poland
- Integrated Science Association, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Poznań 60-806, Poland
| | - Beata Lorenc
- Pomeranian Center of Infectious Diseases, Medical University Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-214, Poland
| | | | | | - Justyna Janocha-Litwin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University Wrocław, Wrocław 50-367, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Mazur
- Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical University of Silesia in Katowice, Chorzów 41-500, Poland
| | - Dorota Dybowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-030, Poland
| | - Hanna Berak
- Daily Department, Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warszawa 01-201, Poland
| | - Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Jakub Klapaczyński
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration, Warszawa 00-241, Poland
| | - Marek Sitko
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 31-088, Poland
| | - Barbara Sobala-Szczygieł
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom 41-902, Poland
| | - Anna Piekarska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 90-419, Poland
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-089, Poland
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Brzdęk M, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Invernizzi F, Cilla M, Dobrowolska K, Flisiak R. Decade of optimizing therapy with direct-acting antiviral drugs and the changing profile of patients with chronic hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:949-966. [PMID: 36844142 PMCID: PMC9950869 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i6.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major health problem affecting approximately 58 million people worldwide. In the era of interferon (IFN)-based regimens, patients particularly infected with genotypes 1 and 4 achieved a low response rate. The implementation of direct-acting antivirals changed the landscape of HCV treatment. The increase in effectiveness provided us with the hope of eliminating HCV as a significant public threat by 2030. In the following years, there was an observed improvement in the treatment of HCV with genotype-specific regimens and highly effective pangenotypic options that are the most recent stage of the revolution. The optimization of therapy was accompanied by changes in the patient profile from the beginning of the IFN-free era over time. Patients treated with antiviral therapies were younger in successive periods, less burdened with comorbidities and comedications, more frequently treatment-naïve and had less advanced liver disease. Before the IFN-free era, specific subpopulations such as patients with HCV/HIV coinfection, those with a history of previous treatment, patients with renal impairment or with cirrhosis had lower chances for a virologic response. Currently, these populations should no longer be considered difficult to treat. Despite the high effectiveness of HCV therapy, there is a small percentage of patients with treatment failure. However, they can be effectively retreated with pangenotypic rescue regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Brzdęk
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce 25-516, Poland
| | | | - Federica Invernizzi
- Center for Liver Disease, Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20-132, Italy
| | - Marta Cilla
- Center for Liver Disease, Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20-132, Italy
| | | | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-540, Poland
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Yang J, Qi JL, Wang XX, Li XH, Jin R, Liu BY, Liu HX, Rao HY. The burden of hepatitis C virus in the world, China, India, and the United States from 1990 to 2019. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1041201. [PMID: 36935711 PMCID: PMC10018168 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1041201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Hepatitis C virus infection can lead to an enormous health burden worldwide. Investigating the changes in HCV-related burden between different countries could provide inferences for disease management. Hence, we aim to explore the temporal tendency of the disease burden associated with HCV infection in China, India, the United States, and the world. Methods Detailed data on the total burden of disease related to HCV infection were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. Joinpoint regression models were used to simulate the optimal joinpoints of annual percent changes (APCs). Further analysis of the age composition of each index over time and the relationship between ASRs and the socio-demographic Index (SDI) were explored. Finally, three factors (population growth, population aging, and age-specific changes) were deconstructed for the changes in the number of incidences, deaths, and DALYs. Results It was estimated that 6.2 million new HCV infections, 0.54 million HCV-related deaths, and 15.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2019, with an increase of 25.4, 59.1, and 43.6%, respectively, from 1990, are mainly due to population growth and aging. China experienced a sharp drop in age-standardized rates in 2019, the United States showed an upward trend, and India exhibited a fluctuating tendency in the burden of disease. The incidence was increasing in all locations recently. Conclusion HCV remains a global health concern despite tremendous progress being made. The disease burden in China improved significantly, while the burden in the United States was deteriorating, with new infections increasing recently, suggesting more targeted interventions to be established to realize the 2030 elimination goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Lei Qi
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-He Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Yi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui-Ying Rao
| | - Hui-Ying Rao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hui-Xin Liu
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