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Zheng H, Hu Y, Shao M, Chen S, Qi S. Chromium Picolinate Protects against Testicular Damage in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats via Anti-Inflammation, Anti-Oxidation, Inhibiting Apoptosis, and Regulating the TGF-β1/Smad Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:7669. [PMID: 38005391 PMCID: PMC10674689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium picolinate (CP) is an organic compound that has long been used to treat diabetes. Our previous studies found CP could relieve diabetic nephropathy. Thus, we speculate that it might have a positive effect on diabetic testicular injury. In this study, a diabetic rat model was established, and then the rats were treated with CP for 8 weeks. We found that the levels of blood glucose, food, and water intake were reduced, and body weight was enhanced in diabetic rats after CP supplementation. Meanwhile, in CP treatment groups, the levels of male hormone and sperm parameters were improved, the pathological structure of the testicular tissue was repaired, and testicular fibrosis was inhibited. In addition, CP reduced the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, and decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testicular tissue. In conclusion, CP could ameliorate testicular damage in diabetic rats, as well as being a potential testicle-protective nutrient in the future to prevent the testicular damage caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zheng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Qinba Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong 723000, China
- Shaanxi Black Organic Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Yingjun Hu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.C.)
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Mengli Shao
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Simin Chen
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.C.)
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bioresources, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.C.)
- Shaanxi Daoerfeng Biotechnology Company, Hanzhong 723000, China
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Steviol Glycoside, L-Arginine, and Chromium(III) Supplementation Attenuates Abnormalities in Glucose Metabolism in Streptozotocin-Induced Mildly Diabetic Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101200. [PMID: 36297315 PMCID: PMC9607630 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and its glycosides are believed to exhibit several health-promoting properties. Recently, the mechanisms of the anti-diabetic effects of steviol glycosides (SG) have been the subject of intense research. The following study aims to evaluate the results of SG (stevioside (ST) and rebaudioside A (RA)) combined with L-arginine (L-Arg) and chromium(III) (CrIII) supplementation in streptozotocin- (STZ) induced mild type 2 diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), with particular emphasis on carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. The experiment was carried out on 110 male Wistar rats, 100 of which were fed an HFD to induce insulin resistance, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to induce mild type 2 diabetes. After confirmation of hyperglycemia, the rats were divided into groups. Three groups served as controls: diabetic untreated, diabetic treated with metformin (300 mg/kg BW), and healthy group. Eight groups were fed an HFD enriched with stevioside or rebaudioside A (2500 mg/kg BW) combined with L-arginine (2000 or 4000 mg/kg BW) and Cr(III) (1 or 5 mg/kg BW) for six weeks. The results showed that supplementation with SG (ST and RA) combined with L-arg and Cr(III) could improve blood glucose levels in rats with mild type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, ST was more effective in improving blood glucose levels, insulin resistance indices, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) concentrations than RA. Although L-arg and Cr(III) supplementation did not independently affect most blood carbohydrate and lipid indices, it further improved some biomarkers when combined, particularly with ST. Notably, the beneficial impact of ST on the homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and on the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was strengthened when mixed with a high dose of L-arg, while its impact on antioxidant status was improved when combined with a high dose of Cr(III) in rats with mild type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, these results suggest that supplementary stevioside combined with L-arginine and Cr(III) has therapeutic potential for mild type 2 diabetes. However, further studies are warranted to confirm these effects in other experimental models and humans.
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Bala R, Sachdeva D, Kumar M, Prakash V. Advances in coordination chemistry of hexaurea complexes of chromium(III). J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1836363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Bala
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Diksha Sachdeva
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vinit Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala, Haryana, India
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Talab AT, Abdollahzad H, Nachvak SM, Pasdar Y, Eghtesadi S, Izadi A, Aghdashi MA, Mohammad Hossseini Azar MR, Moradi S, Mehaki B, Moradi S. Effects of Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Nutr Res 2020; 9:97-106. [PMID: 32395440 PMCID: PMC7192664 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2020.9.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health problem accompanies with several complications. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation on the glycemic status and lipid profile in patients with T2DM. The patients with T2DM (n = 52) were randomly allocated into 2 groups. One group received 400 µg CrPic per day and the other group took placebo; the intervention duration was 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices and metabolic factors were measured at the beginning, and at end of the study. The patients were recommended not to change their normal diet, life style and medication. No significant changes were observed for weight, body mass index, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in both groups; while intra-groups changes in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was significant (p < 0.05). Results of analysis of covariance showed that there were significance differences between groups in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and HOMA-IR at the end of the intervention adjusting for baseline levels (p = 0.035, 0.030 and < 0.001, respectively). In this study, oral supplementation with 400 µg CrPic for eight weeks did not alter FBG concentration as well as anthropometric parameters in individuals with T2DM. However, the modest beneficial effects of chromium supplementation on insulin resistance as indicated by HOMA-IR and lipid profile were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Tavakoli Talab
- Be'sat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Hadi Abdollahzad
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mustafa Nachvak
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| | - Shahryar Eghtesadi
- Islamic Azad University; Tehran Medical Branch and Science & Research Branch, Tehran 1477983855, Iran
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Students' Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran
| | - Mir Amir Aghdashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran
| | | | - Sedighe Moradi
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1593716615, Iran
| | - Behzad Mehaki
- Department of Biostatistics, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
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Moradi F, Maleki V, Saleh-Ghadimi S, Kooshki F, Pourghassem Gargari B. Potential roles of chromium on inflammatory biomarkers in diabetes: A Systematic. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:975-983. [PMID: 31330062 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, as a low-grade chronic inflammatory disease, causes disruption in proper function of immune and metabolic system. Chromium is an important element required for normal lipid and glucose metabolism. Chromium deficiency is correlated with elevation in cardiometabolic risk, which results from increased inflammation. This systematic review was conducted to discover the potential roles of chromium on inflammatory biomarkers. Eligible studies were all in vitro, animal and human studies published in English-language journals from inception until October 2018. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest and Google Scholar databases were searched to fined interventional studies from the effects of chromium on inflammatory biomarkers such as tumour necrosis factor a (TNF-a), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and adipocytokines in hyperglycaemia and diabetes. Out of 647 articles found in the search, only 14 articles were eligible for analysis, three in vitro studies, eight animal studies and three human studies. Twelve of the 14 studies included in this review, chromium significantly decreased inflammatory factors. The findings of this review indicate, based on in vitro and in vivo studies, that chromium might have potential anti-inflammatory properties, but some of the studies did not show anti-inflammatory effects for chromium (two studies). There are only three studies in humans with controversial results. Therefore, more consistent randomized double-blind controlled trials are needed to reach relevant clinical recommendations, as well as to determine the precise mechanism, of chromium on inflammation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Moradi
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kooshki
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Aaseth J. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to metals in connective tissue diseases and fibromyalgia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:573-579. [PMID: 29245125 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases include a group of autoimmune disorders with environmental and genetic etiology that are characterized as a subgroup of connective tissue diseases (CTD). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often involves the small joints of the hands in a symmetrical fashion that can lead to loss of joint function, and RA, as well as Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and other rheumatic diseases, are often accompanied by sensitivity to metals. Numerous investigations on metal sensitivity were evaluated in this review. A detailed metal exposure history was collected by different evaluation of studies. In all subjects, the main source of metal exposure was nickel, mercury, gold, palladium, titanium, and chromium. All of SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus), RA and SS patients appeared to have an increased frequency of metal delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) (Type IV allergy). As dental restorative materials release minor amounts of their metals (including mercury, gold, and nickel), many adults are commonly exposed to these metal ions by vapor or corrosion into saliva. Metal-related DTH in these patients will induce an inflammatory response. Such inflammations are important factors in CTD progress. It is hypothesized that metal-specific T cell reactivity can act as an etiological agent in the propagation and chronification of rheumatic inflammation. The key responses of metal delayed-type hypersensitivity in autoimmunity are precipitating as an appealing challenge for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Faculty of Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway; Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
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Solution Thermodynamics of N,N /-Ethylenebis-(salicylideneiminato)-diaquochromium(III) Chloride in Aqueous Dimethylsulphoxide. J SOLUTION CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-017-0592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tang HY, Xiao QG, Xu HB, Zhang Y. Hypoglycemic activity and acute oral toxicity of chromium methionine complexes in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:136-44. [PMID: 25081494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The hypoglycemic activity of chromium methionine (CrMet) in alloxan-induced diabetic (AID) mice was investigated and compared with those of chromium trichloride hexahydrate (CrCl3·6H2O) and chromium nicotinate (CrNic) through a 15-day feeding experiment. The acute oral toxicity of CrMet was also investigated in ICR (Institute for Cancer Research) mice by a single oral gavage. The anti-diabetic activity of CrMet was explored in detail from the aspects of body weight (BW), blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, liver glycogen levels, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. The obtained results showed that CrMet had beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, and might possess hepatoprotective efficacy for diabetes. Daily treatment with 500 and 1000μg Cr/kg BW of CrMet in AID mice for 15 days indicated that this low-molecular-weight organic chromium complex had better bioavailability and more beneficial effects on diabetics than CrCl3·6H2O. CrMet also had advantage over CrNic in the control of AST and ALT activities. Acute toxicity studies revealed that CrMet had low toxicity potential and relatively high safety margins in mice with the LD50 value higher than 10.0g/kg BW. These findings suggest that CrMet might be of potential value in the therapy and protection of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-yan Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-gui Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hong-bin Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Huang S, Peng W, Jiang X, Shao K, Xia L, Tang Y, Qiu J. The effect of chromium picolinate supplementation on the pancreas and macroangiopathy in type II diabetes mellitus rats. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:717219. [PMID: 25054160 PMCID: PMC4099224 DOI: 10.1155/2014/717219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to explore the effect of the chromium picolinate (CrPic) administration on the pancreas and macroangiopathy of type II diabetes mellitus rats. METHODS The type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model was induced by low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (ten rats in each group). After supplementing CrPic for 15 weeks, the histopathological examination was performed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Serum insulin and NO level were determined by radioimmunoassay and colorimetry, respectively. Serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), adiponectin (APN), advanced glycation end products (AGES), and apelin were measured by ELISA. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied for detecting the mRNA expression of APN and apelin. RESULTS After CrPic treatment, compared with the T2DM control group (group 2), pancreas sections stained with HE showed the completed pancreatic cells structure and no inflammatory infiltration in groups 4 and 5. In addition, the levels of serum NO and insulin were significantly increased and the serum levels of HbA1C, AGES, APN, and apelin were significantly decreased in groups 4 and 5 compared with group 2. The mRNA expression of APN and apelin in groups 4 and 5 was also recovered to the normal level. CONCLUSION CrPic can recover the function of Β-cells and alleviate macroangiopathy in STZ-induced T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Xianxia Road No. 1111, Changning District, Shanghai 200336, China
- *Shan Huang:
| | - Wenfang Peng
- Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Xianxia Road No. 1111, Changning District, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Xianxia Road No. 1111, Changning District, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Kan Shao
- Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Xianxia Road No. 1111, Changning District, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Lili Xia
- Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Xianxia Road No. 1111, Changning District, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yubin Tang
- Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Xianxia Road No. 1111, Changning District, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jiayin Qiu
- Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Xianxia Road No. 1111, Changning District, Shanghai 200336, China
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Sharma S, Agrawal RP, Choudhary M, Jain S, Goyal S, Agarwal V. Beneficial effect of chromium supplementation on glucose, HbA1C and lipid variables in individuals with newly onset type-2 diabetes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25:149-53. [PMID: 21570271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PROJECT Chromium is an essential nutrient involved in normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It influences glucose metabolism by potentiating the action as taking part in insulin signal amplification mechanism. A placebo-controlled single blind, prospective study was carried out to investigate the effect of chromium supplementation on blood glucose, HbA(1)C and lipid profile in newly onset patients with type-2 diabetes. PROCEDURE Total 40 newly onset type-2 diabetics were selected and after 1 month stabilization further randomly divided into two groups viz. study group and placebo group. The study group received 9 g brewer's yeast (42 μg Cr) daily and the other placebo group received yeast devoid of chromium for 3 months. Subjects were instructed not to change their normal eating and living habits. Fasting blood glucose, HbA(1)C and lipid profile were analyzed at beginning and completion of the study. RESULTS Results revealed that fasting blood glucose level significantly reduced in the subjects consuming yeast supplemented with chromium (197.65±6.68 to 103.68±6.64 mg/dL; p<0.001). HbA(1)C values improved significantly from 9.51±0.26% to 6.86±0.28%; p<0.001 indicating better glycaemic control. In experimental group total cholesterol, TG and LDL levels were also significantly reduced from 199.66±3.11 to 189.26±3.01 mg/dL; p<0.02, 144.94±8.31 to 126.01±8.26; p<0.05 and 119.19±1.71 to 99.58±1.10; p<0.001 respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate beneficial effect of chromium supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid variables in subjects with newly onset type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Sharma
- College of Home Science, MPUA&T, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Shrivastava S, Fahmi N, Singh RV. Studies on chromium(III) complexes with active nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur donor ketimines synthesized under microwave conditions. J Sulphur Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2010.513438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu L, Jin W, Lv JP. Oral administration of the high-chromium yeast improve blood plasma variables and pancreatic islet tissue in diabetic mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 138:250-64. [PMID: 20195924 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo effects of oral administration of the high-chromium yeast to healthy and diabetic mice are described. Given that these complexes are proposed to function by potentiating the actions of insulin and activating the insulin receptor kinase, changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism would be expected. After 15 weeks administration (500 μg Cr/kg body mass) to healthy mice, abnormal metabolism and pathological change were not observed. After 15 weeks of treatment (0-1,000 μg Cr/kg body mass) of diabetic mice, the effect of high-chromium yeast on blood lipids and blood glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) of diabetes are not consistent. High-chromium yeast results in a lowering (P < 0.05) of GHb and triglyceride, lowering (P < 0.01) of total cholesterol, and restoration (P < 0.01) of insulin; these results are in stark contrast to those of diabetic mice of administration of normal yeast, which have no effect on these parameters and serve as control group. The histopathological analysis of pancreas islet shows that high-chromium yeast could profoundly protect the impaired pancreatic islet and β-cells from inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, PO Box 5109, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and particularly noninsulin-dependent diabetes (type 2 diabetes) is an increasingly prevalent condition worldwide with serious consequences of multiorgan involvement and in particular cardiovascular and renal disease. Obesity is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and its incidence has doubled in the past 2 decades among younger adults, adolescents, and children globally. Inflammation and insulin resistance are the underlying mechanisms for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its increased risk of cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary morbidity and mortality. MetS is affecting younger populations with adverse consequences seen in later years. Dietary supplements and herbals are often marketed for these conditions. This article review common herbals and supplements marketed or used by patients with diabetes, obesity, and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadie Najm
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 101 The City Drive South, Irvine, Building 200, Suite 512, Orange, CA, USA.
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Uysal S, Koç ZE. Synthesis and characterization of dendrimeric melamine cored [salen/salophFe(III)] and [salen/salophCr(III)] capped complexes and their magnetic behaviors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 175:532-539. [PMID: 19906486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-Tris(4-hydroxybenzimino)-1,3,5-triazine [1] 2 has been synthesized from the reaction of 1 equiv. melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine) and 3 equiv. 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Then, 2,4,6-tris(4-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine-2-yloxy)benzimino)-1,3,5-triazine 3 has been synthesized from the reaction of 1 equiv. 2 and 3 equiv. cyanuric chloride. And then, two new triazine centered dendrimeric ligands 2,4,6-tris(4-(4,6-bis(4-carboxyphenyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yloxy)benzimino)-1,3,5-triazine 4 and 2,4,6-tris(4-(4,6-bis(3,5-dicarboxyphenyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yloxy)benzimino)-1,3,5-triazine 5 have been synthesized from the reaction of 1 equiv. 3 and 6 equiv 4-hydroxybenzoic acid or 5-hydroxyisophtalic acid. Finally, eight new multinuclear Fe(III) and Cr(III) complexes involving tetradenta Schiff bases N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine-(salenH(2)) or bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylene diamine-(salophH(2)) with 4 or 5 have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, (1)H NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The complexes can also be characterized as low-spin distorted octahedral Fe(III) and Cr(III) bridged by carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saban Uysal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus of Alaaddin Keykubat, 42075 Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey.
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Uysal Ş, Uçan Hİ. The synthesis and characterization of single substitute melamine cored Schiff bases and their [Fe(III) and Cr(III)] complexes. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-010-9762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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The synthesis and characterization of 2,4,6-tris(3,4-dihydroxybenzimino)-1,3,5-triazine and its [salen/salophenFe(III)] and [salen/salophenCr(III)] capped complexes. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-009-9598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Chromium picolinate, zinc picolinate and zinc picolinate dihydrate added for nutritional purposes in food supplements. EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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18
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Synthesis, spectral and thermal characterization of nano-sized, oxo-centered, trinuclear carboxylate-bridged chromium(III) complexes of hydroxycarboxylic acids. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Westman EC, Yancy WS, Mavropoulos JC, Marquart M, McDuffie JR. The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2008; 5:36. [PMID: 19099589 PMCID: PMC2633336 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-5-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary carbohydrate is the major determinant of postprandial glucose levels, and several clinical studies have shown that low-carbohydrate diets improve glycemic control. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a diet lower in carbohydrate would lead to greater improvement in glycemic control over a 24-week period in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty-four community volunteers with obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomized to either a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (<20 g of carbohydrate daily; LCKD) or a low-glycemic, reduced-calorie diet (500 kcal/day deficit from weight maintenance diet; LGID). Both groups received group meetings, nutritional supplementation, and an exercise recommendation. The main outcome was glycemic control, measured by hemoglobin A1c. RESULTS Forty-nine (58.3%) participants completed the study. Both interventions led to improvements in hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and weight loss. The LCKD group had greater improvements in hemoglobin A1c (-1.5% vs. -0.5%, p = 0.03), body weight (-11.1 kg vs. -6.9 kg, p = 0.008), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (+5.6 mg/dL vs. 0 mg/dL, p < 0.001) compared to the LGID group. Diabetes medications were reduced or eliminated in 95.2% of LCKD vs. 62% of LGID participants (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Dietary modification led to improvements in glycemic control and medication reduction/elimination in motivated volunteers with type 2 diabetes. The diet lower in carbohydrate led to greater improvements in glycemic control, and more frequent medication reduction/elimination than the low glycemic index diet. Lifestyle modification using low carbohydrate interventions is effective for improving and reversing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Westman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William S Yancy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Department of Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Megan Marquart
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer R McDuffie
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Department of Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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20
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Pohl M, Mayr P, Mertl-Roetzer M, Lauster F, Haslbeck M, Hipper B, Steube D, Tietjen M, Eriksen J, Rahlfs VW. Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With a Disease-Specific Enteral Formula: Stage II of a Randomized, Controlled Multicenter Trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008; 33:37-49. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607108324582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Pohl
- From the Department of Early Neurological Rehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria, Kreischa, Germany; Diabetology, Health Care Center, Stockach, Germany; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Neurological Hospital, Bad Aibling, Germany; Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany; Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Median Klinik, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Neurological Hospital, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany; Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Herning
| | - Peter Mayr
- From the Department of Early Neurological Rehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria, Kreischa, Germany; Diabetology, Health Care Center, Stockach, Germany; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Neurological Hospital, Bad Aibling, Germany; Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany; Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Median Klinik, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Neurological Hospital, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany; Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Herning
| | - Marion Mertl-Roetzer
- From the Department of Early Neurological Rehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria, Kreischa, Germany; Diabetology, Health Care Center, Stockach, Germany; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Neurological Hospital, Bad Aibling, Germany; Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany; Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Median Klinik, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Neurological Hospital, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany; Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Herning
| | - Frank Lauster
- From the Department of Early Neurological Rehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria, Kreischa, Germany; Diabetology, Health Care Center, Stockach, Germany; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Neurological Hospital, Bad Aibling, Germany; Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany; Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Median Klinik, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Neurological Hospital, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany; Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Herning
| | - Manfred Haslbeck
- From the Department of Early Neurological Rehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria, Kreischa, Germany; Diabetology, Health Care Center, Stockach, Germany; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Neurological Hospital, Bad Aibling, Germany; Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany; Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Median Klinik, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Neurological Hospital, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany; Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Herning
| | - Beate Hipper
- From the Department of Early Neurological Rehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria, Kreischa, Germany; Diabetology, Health Care Center, Stockach, Germany; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Neurological Hospital, Bad Aibling, Germany; Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany; Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Median Klinik, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Neurological Hospital, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany; Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Herning
| | - Diethard Steube
- From the Department of Early Neurological Rehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria, Kreischa, Germany; Diabetology, Health Care Center, Stockach, Germany; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Neurological Hospital, Bad Aibling, Germany; Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany; Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Median Klinik, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Neurological Hospital, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany; Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Herning
| | - Monika Tietjen
- From the Department of Early Neurological Rehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria, Kreischa, Germany; Diabetology, Health Care Center, Stockach, Germany; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Neurological Hospital, Bad Aibling, Germany; Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany; Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Median Klinik, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Neurological Hospital, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany; Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Herning
| | - Jan Eriksen
- From the Department of Early Neurological Rehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria, Kreischa, Germany; Diabetology, Health Care Center, Stockach, Germany; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Neurological Hospital, Bad Aibling, Germany; Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany; Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Median Klinik, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Neurological Hospital, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany; Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Herning
| | - Volker W. Rahlfs
- From the Department of Early Neurological Rehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria, Kreischa, Germany; Diabetology, Health Care Center, Stockach, Germany; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Neurological Hospital, Bad Aibling, Germany; Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany; Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Median Klinik, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Neurological Hospital, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany; Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Herning
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21
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Abdourahman A, Edwards JG. Chromium supplementation improves glucose tolerance in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. IUBMB Life 2008; 60:541-8. [PMID: 18629917 DOI: 10.1002/iub.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chromium supplementation (Cr) may be useful in the management of diabetes and appears to improve some aspects of glucose handling. However, several studies have used either high doses of Cr supplementation or have placed control animals on a Cr-deficient diet. We therefore wanted to test whether Cr dosages in the ranges that more closely approximate recommended levels of supplementation in humans are efficacious in glycemic control under normal dietary conditions. Euglycemic Wistar or diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats (a model of nonobese NIDDM) were assigned to water (control) or chromium picolinate (Cr-P) supplementation (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) groups for up to 32 weeks. Glucose tolerance was tested following an overnight fast by injecting sterile glucose (1.0 g/kg, i.p.) and then measuring blood glucose at select times to determine the sensitivity to glucose by calculation of the area under the curve. Cr-P did not significantly alter the growth of the animals. In the euglycemic Wistar rats, Cr-P supplementation did not alter the response to a glucose tolerance test. In the GK rats, Cr-P supplementation significantly improved glucose tolerance at both levels of Cr-P supplementation (1 mg/kg/day: H20; 100 +/- 11%; Cr-P 70 +/- 8%; 10 mg/kg/day: H(2)0; 100 +/- 10%; Cr-P 66 +/- 9 %). Cr-P supplementation produced a small improvement in some indices of glycemic control. There were no differences observed for the two levels of Cr-P supplementation suggested that we did not identify a threshold for Cr-P effects, and future studies may use lower doses to find a threshold effect for improving glucose tolerance in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Abdourahman
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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22
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Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, Apovian CM, Clark NG, Franz MJ, Hoogwerf BJ, Lichtenstein AH, Mayer-Davis E, Mooradian AD, Wheeler ML. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2008; 31 Suppl 1:S61-78. [PMID: 18165339 DOI: 10.2337/dc08-s061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 810] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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23
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Löpez-Alonso M, Miranda M, García-Partida P, Mendez A, Castillo C, Benedito JL. Toxic and trace metal concentrations in liver and kidney of dogs: influence of diet, sex, age, and pathological lesions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 116:185-202. [PMID: 17646687 DOI: 10.1007/bf02685930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide data on the main toxic and trace metals in the liver and kidney of domestic dogs in Galicia, NW Spain and to evaluate the influence of diet, sex, age, and pathological lesions on metal accumulation. Samples of the liver and kidney from 77 male and female dogs, aged between 6 mo and 18 yr, were collected during ordinary necropsy. Samples were acid-digested and metal concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-mass spectrometry and ICP-atomic emission spectrometry. Mean toxic metal concentrations (geometric means for liver and kidney respectively) were 11.5 and 15.8 microg/kg wet weight for As, 56.3 and 166 microg/kg for Cd, 32.7 and 51.9 microg/kg for Hg, and 60.1 and 23.6 microg/kg for Pb. For the trace metals, these concentrations were respectively 16.3 and 21.0 microg/kg for Co, 57.6 and 43.9 microg/kg for Cr, 42.1 and 5.95 mg/kg for Cu, 394 mg/kg and 95.7 mg/kg for Fe, 2.39 and 0.956 mg/kg for Mn, 0.522 and 0.357 mg/kg for Mo, 23.8 and 26.8 microg/kg for Ni, 0.686 and 1.39 mg/kg for Se, and 46.7 and 26.0 mg/kg for Zn. Cd concentrations in the kidney significantly increased with age, and Co concentrations in the liver and kidney significantly decreased with age. Hepatic Pb concentrations were significantly higher in growing (<1 yr) and old (>10 yr) dogs. Animals with pathological lesions showed significantly higher Co and lower Mn and Zn concentrations in liver than animals without macroscopic abnormalities. Dogs that received commercial diets in general showed low variability in hepatic mineral status compared to animals that receive homemade feeds or a mixture of commercial and homemade feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Löpez-Alonso
- Departamentos de Patoloxía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Baranwal BP, Fatma T, Gupta RD, Gupta T. Stepwise substitution of oxo-centered, trinuclear chromium(III) carboxylates with Schiff base. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-007-0195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2007; 30 Suppl 1:S48-65. [PMID: 17192379 DOI: 10.2337/dc07-s048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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26
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Rink C, Roy S, Khanna S, Rink T, Bagchi D, Sen CK. Transcriptome of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in response to oral supplementation of type 2 Leprdb obese diabetic mice with niacin-bound chromium. Physiol Genomics 2006; 27:370-9. [PMID: 16940432 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00071.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of oral niacin-bound chromium (NBC) supplementation on the subcutaneous fat tissue of type 2 Lepr db obese diabetic mice were examined using high-density comprehensive mouse genome (45,101 probe sets) expression arrays. The influence of such supplementation on the plasma cardiovascular risk factors of these mice was also investigated. Supplementation of NBC had no significant effect on age-dependent weight gain in the Lepr db obese diabetic mice. However, NBC lowered total cholesterol (TC), TC-to-HDL ratio, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels while increasing HDL cholesterol in the blood plasma. No effect of NBC supplementation was observed on fasting blood glucose levels. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed a significantly improved clearance of blood glucose between 1 and 2 h of glucose challenge in NBC-supplemented mice. Unbiased genome-wide interrogation demonstrated that NBC resulted in the upregulation of muscle-specific gene expression in the fat tissue. Genes encoding proteins involved in glycolysis, muscle contraction, muscle metabolism, and muscle development were specifically upregulated in response to NBC supplementation. Genes in the adipose tissue that were downregulated in response to NBC supplementation included cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor (CIDEA) and uncoupling protein-1, which represent key components involved in the thermogenic role of brown adipose tissue and tocopherol transfer protein, the primary carrier of α-tocopherol to adipose tissue. The observation that CIDEA-null mice are resistant to obesity and diabetes suggests that the inhibitory role of NBC on CIDEA expression was favorable. Further studies testing the molecular basis of NBC function and long-term outcomes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Rink
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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27
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Yong L, Armstrong KC, Dansby-Sparks RN, Carrington NA, Chambers JQ, Xue ZL. Quantitative analysis of trace chromium in blood samples. Combination of the advanced oxidation process with catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Anal Chem 2006; 78:7582-7. [PMID: 17073430 PMCID: PMC2040127 DOI: 10.1021/ac060707p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new method for pretreating blood samples for trace Cr analysis is described. The advanced oxidation process (AOP with H2O2 and 5.5-W UV irradiation for 60 min) is used to remove biological/organic species for subsequent analysis. Prior to the AOP pretreatment, acid (HNO3) is used at pH 3.0 to inhibit the enzyme catalase in the blood samples. Catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry at a bismuth film electrode gives a Cr concentration of 6.0 +/- 0.3 ppb in the blood samples. This concentration was confirmed by dry-ashing the blood samples and subsequent analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. This current method may be used to monitor chromium, a trace metal in humans, and the efficacy and safety of chromium supplements as adjuvant therapy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, USA
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28
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Lynn Rodman D, Carrington NA, Xue ZL. Conversion of Chromium(III) Propionate to Chromate/dichromate(VI) by the Advanced Oxidation Process. Pretreatment of a Biomimetic Complex for Metal Analysis. Talanta 2006; 70:668-75. [PMID: 17934574 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of H(2)O(2) and UV irradiation to remove organic ligands in a chromium(III) complex for the subsequent chromium analysis is reported. The Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) using a 5.5-W UV lamp, H(2)O(2) and Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) as catalyst (photo Fenton process) was found to give complete and quantitative Cr(III) → Cr(VI) conversion and removal of ligands in chromium(III) propionate [Cr(3)O(O(2)CCH(2)CH(3))(6)(H(2)O)(3)]NO(3), a biomimetic chromium species, as subsequent chromium analyses by the 1,5-diphenylcarbazide method and atomic absorption revealed. The current process eliminates the need for mineralization and/or dissolution of the matrix in order to remove the organic ligand, the traditional pretreatments of a sample for metal analysis. Studies to optimize the conditions for the oxidation processes, including the use of Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) catalyst, length of UV irradiation, H(2)O(2) concentration, pH, power of UV lamp, and reactor size, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lynn Rodman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; E-mail:
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29
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Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, Apovian CM, Clark NG, Franz MJ, Hoogwerf BJ, Lichtenstein AH, Mayer-Davis E, Mooradian AD, Wheeler ML. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes--2006: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:2140-57. [PMID: 16936169 DOI: 10.2337/dc06-9914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Pei D, Hsieh CH, Hung YJ, Li JC, Lee CH, Kuo SW. The influence of chromium chloride-containing milk to glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Metabolism 2006; 55:923-7. [PMID: 16784965 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect and safety of chromium-containing milk powder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Taiwan. A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 30 to 75 years, and on a dose of gliclazide sulfonylurea agent (< or =160 mg/d) for at least 3 months were enrolled. Their glycosylated hemoglobin ranged from 7.5% to 12%, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from 140 to 250 mg/dL, and body mass index from 20 to 35 kg/m(2). The subjects were divided into 2 groups, one group to receive chromium-containing milk powder (chromium 200 microg/20 g milk powder) and the other to receive placebo twice a day for 16 weeks. Frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed before and after treatment. The chromium group demonstrated a lower FPG and fasting insulin (-38.1 +/- 9.2 vs 63 +/- 8. 5 mg/dL and -1.7 +/- 0.2 vs 1.9 +/- 0.3 microU/mL, respectively; P < .05), especially in male patients (-41 +/- 9.2 vs 85 +/- 11.7 mg/dL and -2.7 +/- 0.2 vs 3.1 +/- 0.3 microU/mL, respectively; P < .01), at the end of the study. Lower glycosylated hemoglobin was observed in chromium-treated male patients (-1.1 +/- 0. 5 vs 0.7 +/- 0. 2; P < .05). However, there were no significant changes in other metabolic parameters (lipid profiles including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), except improvement of insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity index from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) observed in male patients (-2.1 +/- 1.1 vs -0.41 +/- 1.12 and 0.18 +/- 0.11 vs -0.15 +/- 0. 2, respectively; P < .05). There were no adverse events in both groups, except for mild complaints in the chromium group on constipation (5%) and flatulence (5%). Intake of milk powder containing 400 microg/d of chromium for 16 weeks in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus resulted in lowering of FPG, fasting insulin, and improvement of metabolic control in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dee Pei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Buddhist Xindian Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Tzu-Chi University, Xindian City, Taipei 23142, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
Prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome represent a major clinical challenge, because effective strategies such as fat restriction and exercise are difficult to implement into diabetes treatment. Based on the increasing knowledge on the pathogenesis of T2DM, new therapeutic approaches are currently under investigation. Potential targets of new therapeutic approaches include: (i) Inhibition of hepatic glucose production, (ii) stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, (iii) enhancement of insulin signal transduction, and (iv) reduction of body fat mass. Agonists of glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) and antagonists of dipeptidylpeptidase IV, which inactivates GLP-1, stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion, improve hyperglycemia and are already tested in clinical trials. In humans, glucagon antagonists and an amylin analogue reduce glucagon-dependent glucose production. The glucose-lowering effect of current modulators of lipid oxidation is not pronounced and their use could be limited by side effects. In addition to clinically approved thiazolidendiones, new agonists of the peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) as well as combined PPAR alpha/gamma agonists are developed at present. The direct modulation of insulin signal transduction is still limited to experimental studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Forecasting
- Glucagon/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glucagon/therapeutic use
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
- Glucose/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/administration & dosage
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Secretion
- Lipid Peroxidation
- Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism
- Metabolic Syndrome/therapy
- Mice
- Oxazines/therapeutic use
- Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use
- Phenylpropionates/therapeutic use
- Protein Precursors/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Receptor, Insulin/physiology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Rosiglitazone
- Signal Transduction
- Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Stingl
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Osterreich
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Shrivastava HY, Devaraj SN, Nair BU. A Schiff base complex of chromium(III): an efficient inhibitor for the pathogenic and invasive potential of Shigella dysenteriae. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:387-92. [PMID: 14729320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2003.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A Schiff base complex of chromium(III), transdiaqua[N,N'ethylenebis (salicylideneimine)chromium(III)]perchlorate, [Cr(salen)(OH(2))(2)](+), was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Shigella dysenteriae. The chromium(III) complex was found to cure (remove) the invasive plasmid and thereby render the microbe more sensitive to the tested antibiotics. The loss in the catalytic activity of the isolated endo-alpha-N-acetyl galactosaminidase on mucin as a substrate was also observed in the presence of [Cr(salen)(OH(2))(2)](+). This suggests that [Cr(salen)(OH(2))(2)](+) is toxic to the microbe and could make the microbe non-pathogenic and non-invasive, thus establishing its role in microbiological applications to reduce the toxic potentials of a microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamini Shrivastava
- Chemical Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
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