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Zhao S, Qiao Z, Pfeifer R, Pape HC, Mao K, Tang H, Meng B, Chen S, Liu H. Modulation of fracture healing by senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP): a narrative review of the current literature. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:38. [PMID: 38195489 PMCID: PMC10775505 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is a generic term for the secretion of cytokines, such as pro-inflammatory factors and proteases. It is a crucial feature of senescent cells. SASP factors induce tissue remodeling and immune cell recruitment. Previous studies have focused on the beneficial role of SASP during embryonic development, wound healing, tissue healing in general, immunoregulation properties, and cancer. However, some recent studies have identified several negative effects of SASP on fracture healing. Senolytics is a drug that selectively eliminates senescent cells. Senolytics can inhibit the function of senescent cells and SASP, which has been found to have positive effects on a variety of aging-related diseases. At the same time, recent data suggest that removing senescent cells may promote fracture healing. Here, we reviewed the latest research progress about SASP and illustrated the inflammatory response and the influence of SASP on fracture healing. This review aims to understand the role of SASP in fracture healing, aiming to provide an important clinical prevention and treatment strategy for fracture. Clinical trials of some senolytics agents are underway and are expected to clarify the effectiveness of their targeted therapy in the clinic in the future. Meanwhile, the adverse effects of this treatment method still need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Roman Pfeifer
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, China
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, China
| | - Keya Mao
- Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bin Meng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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2
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Oranger A, Zerlotin R, Buccoliero C, Sanesi L, Storlino G, Schipani E, Kozloff KM, Mori G, Colaianni G, Colucci S, Grano M. Irisin Modulates Inflammatory, Angiogenic, and Osteogenic Factors during Fracture Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031809. [PMID: 36768133 PMCID: PMC9915346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures are a widespread clinical event due to accidental falls and trauma or bone fragility; they also occur in association with various diseases and are common with aging. In the search for new therapeutic strategies, a crucial link between irisin and bone fractures has recently emerged. To explore this issue, we subjected 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice to tibial fracture, and then we treated them with intra-peritoneal injection of r-Irisin (100 µg/kg/weekly) or vehicle as control. At day 10 post fracture, histological analysis showed a significant reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) (p = 0.004) and macrophage inflammatory protein-alpha (MIP-1α) (p = 0.015) in the cartilaginous callus of irisin-treated mice compared to controls, supporting irisin's anti-inflammatory role. We also found increased expressions of the pro-angiogenic molecule vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p = 0.002) and the metalloproteinase MMP-13 (p = 0.0006) in the irisin-treated mice compared to the vehicle ones, suggesting a myokine involvement in angiogenesis and cartilage matrix degradation processes. Moreover, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) expression was also upregulated (p = 0.002). Taken together, our findings suggest that irisin can contribute to fracture repair by reducing inflammation and promoting vessel invasion, matrix degradation, and bone formation, supporting its possible role as a novel molecule for fracture treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Oranger
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zerlotin
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Buccoliero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sanesi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Kenneth Michael Kozloff
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805478311
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Saul D, Khosla S. Fracture Healing in the Setting of Endocrine Diseases, Aging, and Cellular Senescence. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:984-1002. [PMID: 35182420 PMCID: PMC9695115 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
More than 2.1 million age-related fractures occur in the United States annually, resulting in an immense socioeconomic burden. Importantly, the age-related deterioration of bone structure is associated with impaired bone healing. Fracture healing is a dynamic process which can be divided into four stages. While the initial hematoma generates an inflammatory environment in which mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages orchestrate the framework for repair, angiogenesis and cartilage formation mark the second healing period. In the central region, endochondral ossification favors soft callus development while next to the fractured bony ends, intramembranous ossification directly forms woven bone. The third stage is characterized by removal and calcification of the endochondral cartilage. Finally, the chronic remodeling phase concludes the healing process. Impaired fracture healing due to aging is related to detrimental changes at the cellular level. Macrophages, osteocytes, and chondrocytes express markers of senescence, leading to reduced self-renewal and proliferative capacity. A prolonged phase of "inflammaging" results in an extended remodeling phase, characterized by a senescent microenvironment and deteriorating healing capacity. Although there is evidence that in the setting of injury, at least in some tissues, senescent cells may play a beneficial role in facilitating tissue repair, recent data demonstrate that clearing senescent cells enhances fracture repair. In this review, we summarize the physiological as well as pathological processes during fracture healing in endocrine disease and aging in order to establish a broad understanding of the biomechanical as well as molecular mechanisms involved in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Saul
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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4
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Wagner JM, Schmidt SV, Dadras M, Wallner C, Huber J, Sogorski A, Sacher M, Reinkemeier F, Dittfeld S, Becerikli M, Becker K, Rauch N, Lehnhardt M, Behr B. TNF-α modulation via Etanercept restores bone regeneration of atrophic non-unions. Bone 2020; 141:115569. [PMID: 32745691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of atrophic non-unions, especially in long bones is a challenging problem in orthopedic surgery due to the high revision and failure rate after surgical intervention. Subsequently, there is a certain need for a supportive treatment option besides surgical treatment. In our previous study we gained first insights into the dynamic processes of atrophic non-union formation and observed a prolonged inflammatory reaction with upregulated TNF-α levels and bone resorption. In this study we aimed to improve bone regeneration of atrophic non-unions via TNF-α modulation in a previously established murine femoral segmental defect model. Animals that developed atrophic non-unions of the femur after 5 and 10 weeks were treated systemically for 10 and 5 weeks with Etanercept, a soluble TNF-α antibody. μCT scans and histology revealed bony bridging of the fracture gap in the treatment group, while bone formation in control animals without treatment was not evident. Moreover, osteoclasts were markedly decreased via modulation of the RANKL/OPG axis due to Etanercept treatment. Additionally, immunomodulatory effects via Etanercept could be observed as further inflammatory agents, such as TGF-β, IL6, MMP9 and 13 were decreased in both treatment groups. This study is the first showing beneficial effects of Etanercept treatment on bone regeneration of atrophic non-union formation. Moreover, the results of this study provide a new and promising therapeutic option which might reduce the failure rate of revision surgeries of atrophic non-unions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehran Dadras
- University Hospital BG Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Julika Huber
- University Hospital BG Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Maxi Sacher
- University Hospital BG Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Björn Behr
- University Hospital BG Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany.
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5
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Kangari P, Talaei-Khozani T, Razeghian-Jahromi I, Razmkhah M. Mesenchymal stem cells: amazing remedies for bone and cartilage defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 33225992 PMCID: PMC7681994 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various medical fields, including skeletal disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with mesodermal and neural crest origin. These cells are one of the most attractive candidates in regenerative medicine, and their use could be helpful in repairing and regeneration of skeletal disorders through several mechanisms including homing, angiogenesis, differentiation, and response to inflammatory condition. The most widely studied sources of MSCs are bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, muscle, umbilical cord (UC), umbilical cord blood (UCB), placenta (PL), Wharton's jelly (WJ), and amniotic fluid. These cells are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes in vitro. MSCs obtained from various sources have diverse capabilities of secreting many different cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. It is believed that the salutary effects of MSCs from different sources are not alike in terms of repairing or reformation of injured skeletal tissues. Accordingly, differential identification of MSCs' secretome enables us to make optimal choices in skeletal disorders considering various sources. This review discusses and compares the therapeutic abilities of MSCs from different sources for bone and cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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6
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Gorskaya YF, Semenova EN, Nagurskaya EV, Nesterenko VG. Involvement of Bone Marrow Multipotent Stromal Cells in the Processes Presumably Provoking Vascular Calcification. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 168:479-484. [PMID: 32146636 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During serial transplantation of bone marrow derived from young and aged donor CBA mice to 5-month-old recipients, the counts of multipotent stromal cells (MSC) in transplants from young donors assessed at each passage surpassed those of aged donors by 3.2, 7.8, 3.0, and 2.2 times attesting to the age-related decrease of active pool of bone marrow MSC. The medullary curettage in mouse femur increased the total number of MSC and the number of osteogenic MSC both in the contralateral femur and in the bone marrow transplants attesting to spread of the effects of osteogenic factors after bone injury onto the bone tissue of the body even if this tissue if not topographically related to the skeleton. Combined and simultaneous administration of antigenic complex of S. typhimurium (or LPS) with BMP-2 markedly increased the count of osteogenic medullary MSC by 3.6 or 4.6 times in comparison with intact control or by 2.1 and 2.7 times in comparison with administration of BMP-2 alone, which probably resulted from enlargement of the pool of osteogenesis-inducible MSC due to inflammation. Addition of BMP-2 to the culture of splenic stromal cells where osteogenesis does not occur under normal conditions provoked appearance of MSC colonies with alkaline phosphatase activity attesting to involvement of inducible osteogenic MSC in vascular calcification. It can be hypothesized that the reaction to the age-related changes in the bone tissue and osteoporosis is similar to the reaction to bone marrow injury and includes initiation of systemic inflammation and elevation of blood BMP-2, both of which are prerequisite for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu F Gorskaya
- Laboratory of Immunity Regulation and Immunological Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E N Semenova
- Laboratory of Immunity Regulation and Immunological Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Nagurskaya
- Laboratory of Immunity Regulation and Immunological Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Nesterenko
- Laboratory of Immunity Regulation and Immunological Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Lui PPY, Wong CM. Biology of Tendon Stem Cells and Tendon in Aging. Front Genet 2020; 10:1338. [PMID: 32010194 PMCID: PMC6976534 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both tendon injuries and tendinopathies, particularly rotator cuff tears, increase with tendon aging. Tendon stem cells play important roles in promoting tendon growth, maintenance, and repair. Aged tendons show a decline in regenerative potential coupled with a loss of stem cell function. Recent studies draw attention to aging primarily a disorder of stem cells. The micro-environment (“niche”) where stem cells resided in vivo provides signals that direct them to metabolize, self-renew, differentiate, or remain quiescent. These signals include receptors and secreted soluble factors for cell-cell communication, extracellular matrix, oxidative stress, and vascularity. Both intrinsic cellular deficits and aged niche, coupled with age-associated systemic changes of hormonal and metabolic signals can inhibit or alter the functions of tendon stem cells, resulting in reduced fitness of these primitive cells and hence more frequent injuries and poor outcomes of tendon repair. This review aims to summarize the biological changes of aged tendons. The biological changes of tendon stem cells in aging are reviewed after a systematic search of the PubMed. Relevant factors of stem cell aging including cell-intrinsic factors, changes of microenvironment, and age-associated systemic changes of hormonal and metabolic signals are examined, with findings related to tendon stem cells highlighted when literature is available. Future research directions on the aging mechanisms of tendon stem cells are discussed. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional decline of aged tendon stem cells would provide insight for the rational design of rejuvenating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi Ming Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Pountos I, Walters G, Panteli M, Einhorn TA, Giannoudis PV. Inflammatory Profile and Osteogenic Potential of Fracture Haematoma in Humans. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010047. [PMID: 31878248 PMCID: PMC7019316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture haematoma forms immediately after fracture and is considered essential for the bone healing process. Its molecular composition has been briefly investigated with our current understanding being based on animal studies. This study aims to analyse the inflammatory cytokine content of fracture haematoma in humans and determine its effect on osteoprogenitor cells. Twenty-three patients were recruited following informed consent. Peripheral blood, fracture haematoma and bone were collected. A Luminex assay on the levels of 34 cytokines was performed and autologous peripheral blood samples served as control. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) were isolated following collagenase digestion and functional assays were performed. Gene expression analysis of 84 key osteogenic molecules was performed. Thirty-three inflammatory cytokines were found to be significantly raised in fracture haematoma when compared to peripheral serum (p < 0.05). Amongst the most raised molecules were IL-8, IL-11 and MMP1, -2 and -3. Fracture haematoma did not significantly affect MSC proliferation, but ALP activity and calcium deposition were significantly increased in the MSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation. Medium supplementations with fracture haematoma resulted in a statistically significant upregulation of osteogenic genes including the EGF, FGF2 and VEGFA. This seems to be the pathway involved in the osteogenic effect of fracture haematoma on bone cells. In conclusion, fracture haematoma is found to be a medium rich in inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators. At the same time, it contains high levels of anti-inflammatory molecules, regulates osteoclastogenesis, induces angiogenesis and the production of the extracellular matrix. It appears that fracture haematoma does not affect osteoprogenitor cells proliferation as previously thought, but induces an osteogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippokratis Pountos
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, UK; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.V.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-113-3922750
| | - Gavin Walters
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, UK; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Michalis Panteli
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, UK; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Thomas A. Einhorn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, UK; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.V.G.)
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, LS7 4SA Leeds, West Yorkshire, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
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Liao L, Yu Y, Shao B, Su X, Wang H, Kuang H, Jing H, Situai Y, Yang D, Jin Y. Redundant let‐7a suppresses the immunomodulatory properties of BMSCs by inhibiting the Fas/FasL system in osteoporosis. FASEB J 2018; 32:1982-1992. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700885r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXiœanChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of EndodonticsStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqingChina
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingChina
| | - Bingyi Shao
- Department of EndodonticsStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqingChina
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingChina
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchCollege of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Han Wang
- Department of StomatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huijuan Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXiœanChina
| | - Huan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXiœanChina
| | - Yi Situai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of StomatologyNanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, People's Liberation ArmyNanjingChina
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of EndodonticsStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqingChina
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingChina
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXiœanChina
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10
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Counts of MSC in the Bone Marrow of Young and Old CBA Mice after a Single Exposure to Osteogenic Stimuli (Curettage, BMP-2 Injection) or Antigens (S. typhimurium Antigenic Complex) and in Heterotopic Bone Marrow Transplants. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:365-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Stine KC, Wahl EC, Liu L, Skinner RA, VanderSchilden J, Bunn RC, Montgomery CO, Aronson J, Becton DL, Nicholas RW, Swearingen CJ, Suva LJ, Lumpkin CK. Nutlin-3 treatment spares cisplatin-induced inhibition of bone healing while maintaining osteosarcoma toxicity. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1716-1724. [PMID: 26867804 PMCID: PMC5516939 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The majority of Osteosarcoma (OS) patients are treated with a combination of chemotherapy, resection, and limb salvage protocols. These protocols include distraction osteogenesis (DO), which is characterized by direct new bone formation. Cisplatin (CDP) is extensively used for OS chemotherapy and recent studies, using a mouse DO model, have demonstrated that CDP has profound negative effects on bone repair. Recent oncological therapeutic strategies are based on the use of standard cytotoxic drugs plus an assortment of biologic agents. Here we demonstrate that the previously reported CDP-associated inhibition of bone repair can be modulated by the administration of a small molecule p53 inducer (nutlin-3). The effects of nutlin-3 on CDP osteotoxicity were studied using both pre- and post-operative treatment models. In both cases the addition of nutlin-3, bracketing CDP exposure, demonstrated robust and significant bone sparing activity (p < 0.01-0.001). In addition the combination of nutlin-3 and CDP induced equivalent OS tumor killing in a xenograft model. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the induction of p53 peri-operatively protects bone healing from the toxic effects of CDP, while maintaining OS toxicity. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1716-1724, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimo C. Stine
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas
| | - Elizabeth C. Wahl
- Laboratory for Limb Regeneration Research, Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Arkansas
| | - Lichu Liu
- Laboratory for Limb Regeneration Research, Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Arkansas
| | - Robert A. Skinner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jaclyn VanderSchilden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Robert C. Bunn
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas
| | - Corey O. Montgomery
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - James Aronson
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas,Laboratory for Limb Regeneration Research, Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Arkansas,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - David L. Becton
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas
| | - Richard W. Nicholas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Christopher J. Swearingen
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas,Pediatric Biostatistics, Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Arkansas
| | - Larry J. Suva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Charles K. Lumpkin
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas,Laboratory for Limb Regeneration Research, Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Arkansas
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12
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Bartold PM, Ivanovski S, Darby I. Implants for the aged patient: biological, clinical and sociological considerations. Periodontol 2000 2016; 72:120-34. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Han P, Lloyd T, Chen Z, Xiao Y. Proinflammatory Cytokines Regulate Cementogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Cells by Wnt/Ca(2+) Signaling Pathway. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:328-37. [PMID: 27074616 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation can inhibit cell differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), resulting in decreased bone/cementum regeneration ability. The Wnt signaling pathway, including canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and noncanonical Wnt/Ca(2+) signaling, plays essential roles in cell proliferation and differentiation during tooth development. However, little is still known whether noncanonical Wnt/Ca(2+) signaling cascade could regulate cementogenic/osteogenic differentiation capability of PDLCs within an inflammatory environment. Therefore, in this study, human PDLCs (hPDLCs) and their cementogenic differentiation potential were investigated in the presence of cytokines. The data demonstrated that both cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibited cell proliferation, relative alkaline phosphatase activity, bone/cementum-related gene/protein expression, and canonical Wnt pathway-related gene/protein expression in hPDLCs. Interestingly, both cytokines upregulated the noncanonical Wnt/Ca(2+) signaling-related gene and protein expression in hPDLCs. When the Wnt/Ca(2+) pathway was blocked by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN93, even in the presence of IL-6 and TNF-α, cementogenesis could be stimulated in hPDLCs. Our data indicate that the Wnt/Ca(2+) pathway plays an inhibitory role on PDLC cementogenic differentiation in inflammatory microenvironments. Therefore, targeting the Wnt/Ca(2+) pathway may provide a novel therapeutic approach to improve periodontal regeneration for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- 1 Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia .,2 Tissue Engineering and Microfluidic Laboratory, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tain Lloyd
- 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zetao Chen
- 1 Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- 1 Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
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14
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Karnes JM, Daffner SD, Watkins CM. Multiple roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in fracture healing. Bone 2015; 78:87-93. [PMID: 25959413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a summary of basic science evidence examining the influence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on secondary fracture healing. Multiple studies suggest that TNF-α, in combination with the host reservoir of peri-fracture mesenchymal stem cells, is a main determinant in the success of bone healing. Disease states associated with poor bone healing commonly have inappropriate TNF-α responses, which likely contributes to the higher incidence of delayed and nonunions in these patient populations. Appreciation of TNF-α in fracture healing may lead to new therapies to augment recovery and reduce the incidence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Karnes
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | - Scott D Daffner
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | - Colleen M Watkins
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
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15
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Pulp Revascularization on Permanent Teeth with Open Apices in a Middle-aged Patient. J Endod 2015; 41:1571-5. [PMID: 26071100 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulp revascularization is a promising procedure for the treatment of adolescents' immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and/or apical periodontitis. However, the ability to successfully perform pulp revascularization in a middle-aged patient remains unclear. A 39-year-old woman was referred for treatment of teeth #20 and #29 with necrotic pulp, extensive periapical radiolucencies, and incomplete apices. Pulp revascularization procedures were attempted, including root canal debridement, triple antibiotic paste medication, and platelet-rich plasma transplantation to act as a scaffold. Periapical radiographic and cone-beam computed tomographic examinations were used to review the changes in the apical lesions and root apex configuration. The patient remained asymptomatic throughout the 30-month follow-up. Periapical radiographic examination revealed no change in the apical lesions of either tooth at 8 months. The periapical radiolucency disappeared on tooth #20 and significantly decreased on tooth #29 by the 30-month follow-up, findings that were also confirmed by cone-beam computed tomographic imaging. No evidence of root lengthening or thickening was observed. Successful revascularization was achieved in a middle-aged patient's teeth.
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16
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Zhou S. Paracrine effects of haematopoietic cells on human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10573. [PMID: 26030407 PMCID: PMC4450757 DOI: 10.1038/srep10573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell function decline during ageing can involve both cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Bone and blood formation are intertwined in bone marrow, therefore haematopoietic cells and bone cells could be extrinsic factors for each other. In this study, we assessed the paracrine effects of extrinsic factors from haematopoietic cells on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our data showed that haematopoietic cells stimulate proliferation, osteoblast differentiation and inhibit senescence of MSCs; TNF-α, PDGF-β, Wnt1, 4, 6, 7a and 10a, sFRP-3 and sFRP-5 are dominantly expressed in haematopoietic cells; the age-related increase of TNF-α in haematopoietic cells may perform as a negative factor in the interactions of haematopoietic cells on MSCs via TNF-α receptors and then activating NF-κB signaling or Wnt/β-catenin signaling to induce senescence and reduce osteoblast differentiation in MSCs. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that there are paracrine interactions of haematopoietic cells on human MSCs; immunosenescence may be one of the extrinsic mechanisms by which skeletal stem cell function decline during human skeletal ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanhu Zhou
- 1] Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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17
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The role of the microenvironment on the fate of adult stem cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:639-48. [PMID: 25985755 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells (SCs) exist in all tissues that promote tissue growth, regeneration, and healing throughout life. The SC niche in which they reside provides signals that direct them to proliferate, differentiate, or remain dormant; these factors include neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix, soluble molecules, and physical stimuli. In disease and aging states, stable or transitory changes in the microenvironment can directly cause SC activation or inhibition in tissue healing as well as functional regulation. Here, we discuss the microenvironmental regulation of the behavior of SC and focus on plasticity approaches by which various environmental factors can enhance the function of SCs and more effectively direct the fate of SCs.
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18
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Yamaguchi M, Vikulina T, Arbiser JL, Weitzmann MN. Suppression of NF-κB activation by gentian violet promotes osteoblastogenesis and suppresses osteoclastogenesis. Curr Mol Med 2015; 14:783-92. [PMID: 25056540 DOI: 10.2174/1566524014666140724104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal mass is regulated by the coordinated action of bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. Accelerated rates of bone resorption relative to bone formation lead to net bone loss and the development of osteoporosis, a devastating disease that predisposes the skeleton to fractures. Bone fractures are associated with significant morbidity and in the case of hip fractures, high mortality. Gentian violet (GV), a cationic triphenylmethane dye, has long been used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent and is presently under investigation as a potential chemotherapeutic and antiangiogenic agent. However, effects on bone cells have not been previously reported and the mechanisms of action of GV, are poorly understood. In this study we show that GV suppresses receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 osteoclast precursors into mature osteoclasts, but paradoxically stimulates the differentiation of MC3T3 cells into mineralizing osteoblasts. These actions stem from the capacity of GV to suppress activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway that is required for osteoclastogenesis, but inhibitory to osteoblast differentiation and activity. Our data reveal that GV is an inhibitor of NF-κB activation and may hold promise for modulation of bone turnover to promote a balance between bone formation and bone resorption, favorable to gain of bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M N Weitzmann
- (M.N. Weitzmann) 101 Woodruff Circle, 1305 WMRB, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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19
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Li Y, Terauchi M, Vikulina T, Roser-Page S, Weitzmann MN. B Cell Production of Both OPG and RANKL is Significantly Increased in Aged Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6:8-17. [PMID: 25984250 PMCID: PMC4429037 DOI: 10.2174/1876525401406010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for osteoclastic bone loss and bone fracture. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is the key effector cytokine for osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, and is moderated by its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG). The development of an inflammatory environment during aging leads to increased bone resorption and loss of bone mineral density (BMD). Interestingly, animal and clinical studies show that OPG is actually increased in aging but fails to fully compensate for endogenous RANKL. Osteoblast- and B-lineage cells are significant sources of physiological OPG, however osteoblast OPG production declines with age, suggesting that elevated OPG in aging may be a consequence of changes in B cell function. In this study we examined BMD and indices of trabecular bone structure during aging, and B cell production of both RANKL and OPG in young and aged mice. Our data reveal significant loss of BMD and trabecular structure with age commensurate with significantly elevated concentrations of both OPG and RANKL in aged mice, and a decline in B cell populations in aged animals. Taken together our data suggest that B cells may be responsible for the elevated concentrations of OPG during aging and are essential to counteract excessive age-associated bone resorption. Paradoxically, B cells themselves likely contribute RANKL in aging and the loss of B cells with age may further contribute to the imbalance in OPG relative to RANKL that predisposes age-associated bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA ; Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Masakazu Terauchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tatyana Vikulina
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Susanne Roser-Page
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033, USA
| | - M N Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA ; Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA ; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033, USA
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20
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Hadjiargyrou M, O'Keefe RJ. The convergence of fracture repair and stem cells: interplay of genes, aging, environmental factors and disease. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2307-22. [PMID: 25264148 PMCID: PMC4455538 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of fracture repair makes it an ideal process for studying the interplay between the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ level events involved in tissue regeneration. Additionally, as fracture repair recapitulates many of the processes that occur during embryonic development, investigations of fracture repair provide insights regarding skeletal embryogenesis. Specifically, inflammation, signaling, gene expression, cellular proliferation and differentiation, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, and remodeling represent the complex array of interdependent biological events that occur during fracture repair. Here we review studies of bone regeneration in genetically modified mouse models, during aging, following environmental exposure, and in the setting of disease that provide insights regarding the role of multipotent cells and their regulation during fracture repair. Complementary animal models and ongoing scientific discoveries define an increasing number of molecular and cellular targets to reduce the morbidity and complications associated with fracture repair. Last, some new and exciting areas of stem cell research such as the contribution of mitochondria function, limb regeneration signaling, and microRNA (miRNA) posttranscriptional regulation are all likely to further contribute to our understanding of fracture repair as an active branch of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA
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21
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Yukata K, Xie C, Li TF, Takahata M, Hoak D, Kondabolu S, Zhang X, Awad HA, Schwarz EM, Beck CA, Jonason JH, O'Keefe RJ. Aging periosteal progenitor cells have reduced regenerative responsiveness to bone injury and to the anabolic actions of PTH 1-34 treatment. Bone 2014; 62:79-89. [PMID: 24530870 PMCID: PMC4085793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A stabilized tibia fracture model was used in young (8-week old) and aged (1-year old) mice to define the relative bone regenerative potential and the relative responsiveness of the periosteal progenitor population with aging and PTH 1-34 (PTH) systemic therapy. Bone regeneration was assessed through gene expressions, radiographic imaging, histology/histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing. Radiographs and microCT showed increased calcified callus tissue and enhanced bone healing in young compared to aged mice. A key mechanism involved reduced proliferation, expansion, and differentiation of periosteal progenitor cell populations in aged mice. The experiments showed that PTH increased calcified callus tissue and torsional strength with a greater response in young mice. Histology and quantitative histomorphometry confirmed that PTH increased callus tissue area due primarily to an increase in bone formation, since minimal changes in cartilage and mesenchyme tissue area occurred. Periosteum examined at 3, 5, and 7 days showed that PTH increased cyclin D1 expression, the total number of cells in the periosteum, and width of the periosteal regenerative tissue. Gene expression showed that aging delayed differentiation of both bone and cartilage tissues during fracture healing. PTH resulted in sustained Col10a1 expression consistent with delayed chondrocyte maturation, but otherwise minimally altered cartilage gene expression. In contrast, PTH 1-34 stimulated expression of Runx2 and Osterix, but resulted in reduced Osteocalcin. β-Catenin staining was present in mesenchymal chondroprogenitors and chondrocytes in early fracture healing, but was most intense in osteoblastic cells at later times. PTH increased active β-catenin staining in the osteoblast populations of both young and aged mice, but had a lesser effect in cartilage. Altogether the findings show that reduced fracture healing in aging involves decreased proliferation and differentiation of stem cells lining the bone surface. While PTH 1-34 enhances the proliferation and expansion of the periosteal stem cell population and accelerates bone formation and fracture healing, the effects are proportionately reduced in aged mice compared to young mice. β-Catenin is induced by PTH in early and late fracture healing and is a potential target of PTH 1-34 effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Yukata
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Hospital, Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Chao Xie
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Tian-Fang Li
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Masahiko Takahata
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Donna Hoak
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sirish Kondabolu
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Xinping Zhang
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Hani A Awad
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher A Beck
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, USA.
| | - Jennifer H Jonason
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Regis J O'Keefe
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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22
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Deregulation of bone forming cells in bone diseases and anabolic effects of strontium-containing agents and biomaterials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:814057. [PMID: 24800251 PMCID: PMC3988913 DOI: 10.1155/2014/814057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss and osteoporosis are associated with bone remodeling changes that are featured with decreased trabecular and periosteal bone formation relative to bone resorption. Current anticatabolic therapies focusing on the inhibition of bone resorption may not be sufficient in the prevention or reversal of age-related bone deterioration and there is a big need in promoting osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. Enhanced understanding of the network formed by key signaling pathways and molecules regulating bone forming cells in health and diseases has therefore become highly significant. The successful development of agonist/antagonist of the PTH and Wnt signaling pathways are profits of the understanding of these key pathways. As the core component of an approved antiosteoporosis agent, strontium takes its effect on osteoblasts at multilevel through multiple pathways, representing a good example in revealing and exploring anabolic mechanisms. The recognition of strontium effects on bone has led to its expected application in a variety of biomaterial scaffolds used in tissue engineering strategies aiming at bone repairing and regeneration. While summarizing the recent progress in these respects, this review also proposes the new approaches such as systems biology in order to reveal new insights in the pathology of osteoporosis as well as possible discovery of new therapies.
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23
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Konopka J, Richbourgh B, Liu C. The role of PGRN in musculoskeletal development and disease. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2014; 19:662-71. [PMID: 24389211 DOI: 10.2741/4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a growth factor that has been implicated in wound healing, inflammation, infection, tumorigenesis, and is most known for its neuroprotective and proliferative properties in neurodegenerative disease. This pleiotropic growth factor has been found to be a key player and regulator of a diverse spectrum of multi-systemic functions. Its critical anti-inflammatory role in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disease models has allowed for the propulsion of research to establish its significance in musculoskeletal diseases, including inflammatory conditions involving bone and cartilage pathology. In this review, we aim to elaborate on the emerging role of PGRN in the musculoskeletal system, reviewing its particular mechanisms described in various musculoskeletal diseases, with special focus on osteoarthritis and inflammatory joint disease patho-mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications of PGRN and its derivatives in these and other musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Konopka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10003
| | - Brendon Richbourgh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003
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24
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Thrailkill K, Bunn RC, Lumpkin C, Wahl E, Cockrell G, Morris L, Kahn CR, Fowlkes J, Nyman JS. Loss of insulin receptor in osteoprogenitor cells impairs structural strength of bone. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:703589. [PMID: 24963495 PMCID: PMC4052184 DOI: 10.1155/2014/703589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is associated with decreased bone mineral density, a deficit in bone structure, and subsequently an increased risk of fragility fracture. These clinical observations, paralleled by animal models of T1D, suggest that the insulinopenia of T1D has a deleterious effect on bone. To further examine the action of insulin signaling on bone development, we generated mice with an osteoprogenitor-selective (osterix-Cre) ablation of the insulin receptor (IR), designated OIRKO. OIRKO mice exhibited an 80% decrease in IR in osteoblasts. Prenatal elimination of IR did not affect fetal survival or gross morphology. However, loss of IR in mouse osteoblasts resulted in a postnatal growth-constricted phenotype. By 10-12 weeks of age, femurs of OIRKO mice were more slender, with a thinner diaphyseal cortex and, consequently, a decrease in whole bone strength when subjected to bending. In male mice alone, decreased metaphyseal trabecular bone, with thinner and more rodlike trabeculae, was also observed. OIRKO mice did not, however, exhibit abnormal glucose tolerance. The skeletal phenotype of the OIRKO mouse appeared more severe than that of previously reported bone-specific IR knockdown models, and confirms that insulin receptor expression in osteoblasts is critically important for proper bone development and maintenance of structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Thrailkill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Way, Slot 512-6, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- *Kathryn Thrailkill:
| | - R. Clay Bunn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Charles Lumpkin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gael Cockrell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lindsey Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Fowlkes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeffry S. Nyman
- VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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25
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Locatelli V, Bianchi VE. Effect of GH/IGF-1 on Bone Metabolism and Osteoporsosis. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:235060. [PMID: 25147565 PMCID: PMC4132406 DOI: 10.1155/2014/235060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) are fundamental in skeletal growth during puberty and bone health throughout life. GH increases tissue formation by acting directly and indirectly on target cells; IGF-1 is a critical mediator of bone growth. Clinical studies reporting the use of GH and IGF-1 in osteoporosis and fracture healing are outlined. Methods. A Pubmed search revealed 39 clinical studies reporting the effects of GH and IGF-1 administration on bone metabolism in osteopenic and osteoporotic human subjects and on bone healing in operated patients with normal GH secretion. Eighteen clinical studies considered the effect with GH treatment, fourteen studies reported the clinical effects with IGF-1 administration, and seven related to the GH/IGF-1 effect on bone healing. Results. Both GH and IGF-1 administration significantly increased bone resorption and bone formation in the most studies. GH/IGF-1 administration in patients with hip or tibial fractures resulted in increased bone healing, rapid clinical improvements. Some conflicting results were evidenced. Conclusions. GH and IGF-1 therapy has a significant anabolic effect. GH administration for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone fractures may greatly improve clinical outcome. GH interacts with sex steroids in the anabolic process. GH resistance process is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Locatelli
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio E. Bianchi
- Endocrinology Department, Area Vasta N. 1, Cagli, Italy
- *Vittorio E. Bianchi:
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26
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Kotake S, Nanke Y. Effect of TNFα on osteoblastogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1209-13. [PMID: 24361610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone destruction and osteoporosis are accelerated in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis, in which many studies have shown the proinflammatory cytokines, especially TNFα, play an important role; TNFα causes osteoclast-induced bone destruction as well as the inhibition of osteoblastogenesis. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we review our current understanding of the mechanism of the effect of TNFα on osteoblastogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We also highlight the function of MSC in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Many studies have revealed that TNFα inhibits osteoblastogenesis through several mechanisms. On the other hand, it has been also reported that TNFα promotes osteoblastogenesis. These discrepancies may depend on the cellular types, the model animals, and the timing and duration of TNFα administration. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A full understanding of the role and function of TNFα on osteoblastogenesis from MSC may lead to targeted new therapies for chronic inflammation diseases, such as RA and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kotake
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nanke
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
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27
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Gilbert LC, Chen H, Lu X, Nanes MS. Chronic low dose tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) suppresses early bone accrual in young mice by inhibiting osteoblasts without affecting osteoclasts. Bone 2013; 56:174-83. [PMID: 23756233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is known to cause bone resorption and inhibit bone formation in arthritis and aging but less is known about TNF effects in the young growing skeleton. While investigating the mechanism of bone loss in TNF transgenic mice, we identified an early TNF-sensitive period marked by suppression of osteoblasts and bone accrual as the sole mechanism of TNF action, without an effect on osteoclasts or bone resorption. TgTNF mice express low concentrations of hTNFα (≤5 pg/ml). Osteoblasts cultured from TgTNF mice express reduced levels of RUNX2, Osx, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin and have delayed formation of mineralized nodules. Early accrual of bone in TgTNF mice is suppressed until 6 weeks of age, after which the rate of bone accrual normalizes without catch up. Histomorphometry revealed that TgTNF mice fail to generate a transient surge in osteoblast number that is seen in wild type (WT) mice at 4 weeks. Osteoclasts, TRAP staining, erosive surfaces, serum CTx, and OPG/RANKL expression did not differ between young TgTNF and WT mice. Canonical Wnts and signaling through β-catenin were reduced in TgTNF mice at 4 weeks and partially recovered by 12 weeks, associated with reduced cytoplasm to nuclear transfer of β-catenin and Wnt regulated genes. TgTNF mice were crossed with BatGal Wnt reporter mice. Active Wnt signaling in tibial trabecular lining cells was reduced in TgTNF mice at 4 weeks compared to control littermates. Our results demonstrate that a low dose inflammatory stimulus is sufficient to inhibit the early surge in osteoblasts and optimal bone formation of young mice independent of changes in osteoclasts. TNF inhibition of the Wnt pathway contributes to the suppression of osteoblasts.
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Ho PJ, Yen ML, Tang BC, Chen CT, Yen BL. H2O2 accumulation mediates differentiation capacity alteration, but not proliferative decline, in senescent human fetal mesenchymal stem cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1895-905. [PMID: 23088254 PMCID: PMC3624695 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with multilineage differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory properties are novel sources for cell therapy. However, in vitro expansion of these rare somatic stem cells leads to senescence, resulting in declines of differentiation and proliferative capacities. We therefore investigated the mechanisms mediating senescence in human fetal MSCs termed placenta-derived multipotent cells (PDMCs). RESULTS Long-term cultured PDMCs underwent senescence, with increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; a reactive oxygen species), positive β-galactosidase staining, decreased sirtuin-1 expression, increased p21 expression, and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Senescent PDMCs also showed decreased osteogenic capacity. Mechanistically, increased p21 expression and proliferative decline were not due to elevated H2O2 levels nor mediated by p53. Instead, inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC)-α and -β in senescent PDMCs decreased p21 expression and reversed cell cycle arrest. H2O2 was involved in the alteration of differentiation potential, since scavenging of H2O2 restored expression of c-MAF, an osteogenic and age-sensitive transcription factor, and osteogenic capacity in senescent PDMCs. INNOVATION Our findings not only show the effects of senescence on MSCs, but also reveal mechanisms involved in mediating decreased proliferation and differentiation capacity. Moreover, targeting increased levels of H2O2 associated with senescence may reverse the decreased osteogenic capacity of senescent MSCs. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the two biological consequences of senescence, differentiation alteration, and proliferative decline, in fetal MSCs are distinctly regulated by the H2O2-c-MAF and PKC-p21 pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Jiun Ho
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine ICSM, National Health Research Institute NHRI, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
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Yang N, Wang G, Hu C, Shi Y, Liao L, Shi S, Cai Y, Cheng S, Wang X, Liu Y, Tang L, Ding Y, Jin Y. Tumor necrosis factor α suppresses the mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis promoter miR-21 in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:559-73. [PMID: 23074166 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), have been shown to inhibit osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone formation in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis, but the mechanism responsible remains poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate MSC differentiation. Here, we identified a novel mechanism whereby TNF-α, suppressing the functional axis of a key miRNA (miR-21) contributes to estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. In this study, we screened differentially expressed miRNAs in MSCs derived from estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and found miR-21 was significantly downregulated. miR-21 was suppressed by TNF-α during the osteogenesis of MSCs. Furthermore, miR-21 was confirmed to promote the osteoblast differentiation of MSCs by repressing Spry1, which can negatively regulate the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Upregulating miR-21 partially rescued TNF-α-impaired osteogenesis of MSCs. Blocking TNF-α ameliorated the inflammatory environment and significantly enhanced bone formation with increased miR-21 expression and suppressed Spry1 expression in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Our results revealed a novel function for miR-21 and suggested that suppressed miR-21 may contribute to impaired bone formation by elevated TNF-α in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. This study may indicate a molecular basis for novel therapeutic strategies against osteoporosis and other inflammatory bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Weitzmann MN. The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines, the RANKL/OPG Axis, and the Immunoskeletal Interface in Physiological Bone Turnover and Osteoporosis. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:125705. [PMID: 24278766 PMCID: PMC3820310 DOI: 10.1155/2013/125705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although it has long been recognized that inflammation, a consequence of immune-driven processes, significantly impacts bone turnover, the degree of centralization of skeletal and immune functions has begun to be dissected only recently. It is now recognized that formation of osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells of the body, is centered on the key osteoclastogenic cytokine, receptor activator of NF- κ B ligand (RANKL). Although numerous inflammatory cytokines are now recognized to promote osteoclast formation and skeletal degradation, with just a few exceptions, RANKL is now considered to be the final downstream effector cytokine that drives osteoclastogenesis and regulates osteoclastic bone resorption. The biological activity of RANKL is moderated by its physiological decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). New discoveries concerning the sources and regulation of RANKL and OPG in physiological bone turnover as well as under pathological (osteoporotic) conditions continue to be made, opening a window to the complex regulatory processes that control skeletal integrity and the depth of integration of the skeleton within the immune response. This paper will examine the interconnection between bone turnover and the immune system and the implications thereof for physiological and pathological bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Neale Weitzmann
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 1305 WMRB, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are effective for achieving disease control in several inflammatory diseases. Although anti-TNF agents can inhibit bone loss in vitro, their role in the prevention of clinically relevant outcomes such as osteoporosis and fractures has not been clearly established. RECENT FINDINGS There are many studies of the effects of TNF inhibitors on markers of bone turnover; however, few have measured bone mineral density (BMD) or fractures. Most of these studies have small sample sizes and a minority had a placebo control group. Overall these studies suggest that the antiresorptive effects of anti-TNF therapy are related to control of disease activity. SUMMARY The antiresorptive effects of TNF inhibitors are likely related to their anti-inflammatory properties. Studies to date have not demonstrated any advantages of TNF inhibitors over traditional nonbiologic therapies in the prevention of bone loss and fractures.
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Salinas AJ, Esbrit P, Vallet-Regí M. A tissue engineering approach based on the use of bioceramics for bone repair. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:40-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yamaguchi M, Weitzmann MN. The bone anabolic carotenoid p-hydroxycinnamic acid promotes osteoblast mineralization and suppresses osteoclast differentiation by antagonizing NF-κB activation. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:708-12. [PMID: 22751682 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous plant derived nutritional factors including p-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA), a member of the carotenoid family, have long been held to possess bone protective properties. Studies in animals have provided a mechanistic basis for these observations by demonstrating the capacity of HCA to promote bone formation and suppress bone resorption in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism by which HCA achieves these effects remains unclear. We have demonstrated that a centralized mechanism by which several other nutritional factors achieve similar effects is through modulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway. NF-κB activation is essential for osteoclast formation and resorption but potently antagonizes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. In this study we demonstrate that HCA does indeed antagonize the activation of NF-κB by the key osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of NF-κB (RANKL) in RAW264.7 osteoclast precursors, suppressing their differentiation into osteoclasts. Furthermore, HCA augmented the in vitro differentiation of MC3T3 preosteoblastic cells into mineralizing osteoblasts and relieved the inhibitory action of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB signaling on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)- or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-induced Smad activation, an important pathway in osteoblast commitment and differentiation. Our data provide a mechanism to explain the dual pro-anabolic and anti-catabolic activities of HCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Wahl EC, Aronson J, Liu L, Skinner RA, Ronis MJJ, Lumpkin CK. Distraction osteogenesis in TNF receptor 1 deficient mice is protected from chronic ethanol exposure. Alcohol 2012; 46:133-8. [PMID: 21908154 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an orthopedic protocol, which induces direct new bone formation as a result of the stimulating effects of mechanical distraction. Chronic ethanol exposure has been demonstrated to inhibit bone formation in rodent models of DO. Further, it has been demonstrated that (1) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) blockers are protective against ethanol exposure and (2) recombinant mouse TNF (rmTNF) inhibits direct bone formation in ethanol naïve mice through TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). These results suggest that the inhibitory effects are significantly mediated by TNF signaling. Therefore, we hypothesized that direct new bone formation in TNFR1 knockout (KO) mice would be protected from ethanol exposure. We used a unique model of mouse DO combined with liquid/chow diets to compare the effects of ethanol on both a strain of TNFR1 knockout (TNFR1 KO) mice and on mice of their C57BL/6 (B6) control strain. In the B6 study, and in concordance with previous work, both radiological and histological analyses of direct bone formation in the distraction gaps demonstrated significant osteoinhibition due to ethanol compared with chow- or pair-fed mice. In the TNFR1 KO study and in support of the hypothesis, both radiological and histological analyses of distraction gap bone formation demonstrated no significant differences between the ethanol, chow fed, or pair fed. We conclude that exogenous rmTNF and ethanol-induced endogenous TNF act to inhibit new bone formation during DO by signaling primarily through TNFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Wahl
- Laboratory for Limb Regeneration Research, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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35
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Nakagaki WR, Camilli JA. Spontaneous Healing Capacity of Calvarial Bone Defects in mdx Mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:590-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Abstract
With an increase in the average life span especially in the Western hemisphere, there is renewed interest in treating maladies of old age including osteoporosis. Age-related bone loss and resultant osteoporosis substantially increase risk of fractures and morbidity in the geriatric population leading to both a decline in the quality of life for the elderly as well as a substantial burden on the health care system. Herein, we review recent research in murine and rodent models looking at how both extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as hormones, biochemicals, neuromodulators, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, nutrition, and exercise influence the skeleton with age. Recent studies on the relationship between bone and fat in the marrow, and the fate of the marrow mesenchymal stromal cell population, which can give rise to either bone-forming osteoblasts or fat-forming adipocytic cells as a function of age, have also been highlighted. An appreciable range of studies using aging murine as well as cellular models are discussed, as these studies have broadened our understanding of the pathways and players in the aging bone. Impactful information regarding aging and the bone may then allow the application of better pharmacologic as well as nonpharmacologic regimens to alleviate bone loss due to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan A Syed
- Abbott Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01545, USA.
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37
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Bonsignore LA, Colbrunn RW, Tatro JM, Messerschmitt PJ, Hernandez CJ, Goldberg VM, Stewart MC, Greenfield EM. Surface contaminants inhibit osseointegration in a novel murine model. Bone 2011; 49:923-30. [PMID: 21801863 PMCID: PMC3200470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface contaminants, such as bacterial debris and manufacturing residues, may remain on orthopedic implants after sterilization procedures and affect osseointegration. The goals of this study were to develop a murine model of osseointegration in order to determine whether removing surface contaminants enhances osseointegration. To develop the murine model, titanium alloy implants were implanted into a unicortical pilot hole in the mid-diaphysis of the femur and osseointegration was measured over a five week time course. Histology, backscatter scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy showed areas of bone in intimate physical contact with the implant, confirming osseointegration. Histomorphometric quantification of bone-to-implant contact and peri-implant bone and biomechanical pullout quantification of ultimate force, stiffness and work to failure increased significantly over time, also demonstrating successful osseointegration. We also found that a rigorous cleaning procedure significantly enhances bone-to-implant contact and biomechanical pullout measures by two-fold compared with implants that were autoclaved, as recommended by the manufacturer. The most likely interpretation of these results is that surface contaminants inhibit osseointegration. The results of this study justify the need for the development of better detection and removal techniques for contaminants on orthopedic implants and other medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Bonsignore
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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38
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Yamaguchi M, Neale Weitzmann M. The intact strontium ranelate complex stimulates osteoblastogenesis and suppresses osteoclastogenesis by antagonizing NF-κB activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 359:399-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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39
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Yamaguchi M, Weitzmann MN. Zinc stimulates osteoblastogenesis and suppresses osteoclastogenesis by antagonizing NF-κB activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 355:179-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Lencel P, Magne D. Inflammaging: The driving force in osteoporosis? Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:317-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Wahl EC, Aronson J, Liu L, Skinner RA, Miller MJ, Cockrell GE, Fowlkes JL, Thrailkill KM, Bunn RC, Ronis MJJ, Lumpkin CK. Direct bone formation during distraction osteogenesis does not require TNFalpha receptors and elevated serum TNFalpha fails to inhibit bone formation in TNFR1 deficient mice. Bone 2010; 46:410-7. [PMID: 19772956 PMCID: PMC2818239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a process which induces direct new bone formation as a result of mechanical distraction. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is a cytokine that can modulate osteoblastogenesis. The direct effects of TNF on direct bone formation in rodents are hypothetically mediated through TNF receptor 1 and/or 2 (TNFR1/2) signaling. We utilized a unique model of mouse DO to assess the effects of 1) TNFR homozygous null gene alterations on direct bone formation and 2) rmTNF on wild type (WT), TNFR1(-/-) (R1KO), and TNR2(-/-) (R2KO) mice. Radiological and histological analyses of direct bone formation in the distraction gaps demonstrated no significant differences between the WT, R1KO, R2KO, or TNFR1(-/-) and R2(-/-) (R1 and 2KO) mice. R1 and 2KO mice had elevated levels of serum TNF but demonstrated no inhibition of new bone formation. Systemic administration by osmotic pump of rmTNF during DO (10 microg/kg/day) resulted in significant inhibition of gap bone formation measures in WT and R2KO mice, but not in R1KO mice. We conclude that exogenous rmTNF and/or endogenous TNF act to inhibit new bone formation during DO by signaling primarily through TNFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Wahl
- Laboratory for Limb Regeneration Research, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
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