1
|
Sampei C, Kato K, Arasaki Y, Kimura Y, Konno T, Otsuka K, Kohara Y, Noda M, Ezura Y, Hayata T. Gprc5a is a novel parathyroid hormone-inducible gene and negatively regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38769895 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Teriparatide is a peptide derived from a parathyroid hormone (PTH) and an osteoporosis therapeutic drug with potent bone formation-promoting activity. To identify novel druggable genes that act downstream of PTH signaling and are potentially involved in bone formation, we screened PTH target genes in mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Here we show that Gprc5a, encoding an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, is a novel PTH-inducible gene and negatively regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. PTH treatment induced Gprc5a expression in MC3T3-E1 cells, rat osteosarcoma ROS17/2.8 cells, and mouse femurs. Induction of Gprc5a expression by PTH occurred in the absence of protein synthesis and was mediated primarily via the cAMP pathway, suggesting that Gprc5a is a direct target of PTH signaling. Interestingly, Gprc5a expression was induced additively by co-treatment with PTH and 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), or retinoic acid in MC3T3-E1 cells. Reporter analysis of a 1 kb fragment of human GPRC5A promoter revealed that the promoter fragment showed responsiveness to PTH via the cAMP response element, suggesting that GPRC5A is also a PTH-inducible gene in humans. Gprc5a knockdown promoted cell viability and proliferation, as demonstrated by MTT and BrdU assays. Gprc5a knockdown also promoted osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by gene expression analysis and mineralization assay. Mechanistic studies showed that Gprc5a interacted with BMPR1A and suppressed BMP signaling induced by BMP-2 and constitutively active BMP receptors, ALK2 (ACVR1) Q207D and ALK3 (BMPR1A) Q233D. Thus, our results suggest that Gprc5a is a novel gene induced by PTH that acts in an inhibitory manner on both cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation and is a candidate for drug targets for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Sampei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Arasaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuto Konno
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kanon Otsuka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kohara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Toshima-ku, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Hayata
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seong S, Vijayan V, Kim JH, Kim K, Kim I, Cherukula K, Park IK, Kim N. Nano-formulations for bone-specific delivery of siRNA for CrkII silencing-induced regulation of bone formation and resorption to maximize therapeutic potential for bone-related diseases. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2581-2589. [PMID: 36794531 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
CrkII, a member of the adaptor protein family, is known to participate in bone homeostasis via the regulation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Therefore, silencing CrkII would beneficially impact the bone microenvironment. In this study, CrkII siRNA encapsulated by a bone-targeting peptide (AspSerSer)6-liposome was evaluated for its therapeutic applications using a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced bone loss model. (AspSerSer)6-liposome-siCrkII maintained its gene-silencing ability in both osteoclasts and osteoblasts in vitro and significantly reduced osteoclast formation while increasing osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Fluorescence image analyses showed that the (AspSerSer)6-liposome-siCrkII was present largely in bone, where it remained present for up to 24 hours and was cleared by 48 hours, even when systemically administrated. Importantly, microcomputed-tomography revealed that bone loss induced by RANKL administration was recovered by systemic administration of (AspSerSer)6-liposome-siCrkII. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that (AspSerSer)6-liposome-siCrkII is a promising therapeutic strategy for the development of treatments for bone diseases, as it overcomes the adverse effects derived from ubiquitous expression via bone-specific delivery of siRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semun Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea. .,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Veena Vijayan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Global Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea. .,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kabsun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kondareddy Cherukula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Global Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Global Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea. .,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jia L, Ma T, Lv L, Yu Y, Zhao M, Chen H, Gao L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated by ROS participates in cadmium exposure-induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114517. [PMID: 36669278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), as one of the seventh most toxic heavy metal pollutants, widely persisted in the environment, leading to osteoblast dysfunction and ultimately Cd-related skeletal disease. However, the damaging effects of Cd on cellular functions and the potential pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. In our study, Cd is believed to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in a dose-dependent manner, thereby leading to apoptosis, as evident by elevated Drp1, Fis1, GRP78, CHOP, ATF4, P-EIF2α, P-PERK, BAX, cleaved caspase 3 proteins expression and ROS levels, and decreased the levels of Mfn2, OPA1, Bcl2, and intracellular Collagen I, B-ALP, RUNX2, and BGP genes. Additionally, when the exogenous addition of NAC and 4-PBA was added, it was found that NAC and 4-PBA had a positive moderating effect on Cd-induced cell dysfunction. Mechanistically, Cd-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by upregulating the PERK-EIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway and inhibiting the Nrf2/NQO1 pathway. In conclusion, we found that Cd was involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, ERS, and apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells, While NAC and 4-PBA relieved ERS and attenuated cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tianwen Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Liangyu Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mingchao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saito M, Hirano M, Izumi T, Mori Y, Ito K, Saitoh Y, Terada N, Sato T, Sukegawa J. Cytoskeletal Protein 4.1G Is Essential for the Primary Ciliogenesis and Osteoblast Differentiation in Bone Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042094. [PMID: 35216233 PMCID: PMC8878336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hair-like immotile organelle with specific membrane receptors, including the receptor of Hedgehog signaling, smoothened. The cilium organized in preosteoblasts promotes differentiation of the cells into osteoblasts (osteoblast differentiation) by mediating Hedgehog signaling to achieve bone formation. Notably, 4.1G is a plasma membrane-associated cytoskeletal protein that plays essential roles in various tissues, including the peripheral nervous system, testis, and retina. However, its function in the bone remains unexplored. In this study, we identified 4.1G expression in the bone. We found that, in the 4.1G-knockout mice, calcium deposits and primary cilium formation were suppressed in the trabecular bone, which is preosteoblast-rich region of the newborn tibia, indicating that 4.1G is a prerequisite for osteoblast differentiation by organizing the primary cilia in preosteoblasts. Next, we found that the primary cilium was elongated in the differentiating mouse preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1, whereas the knockdown of 4.1G suppressed its elongation. Moreover, 4.1G-knockdown suppressed the induction of the cilia-mediated Hedgehog signaling and subsequent osteoblast differentiation. These results demonstrate a new regulatory mechanism of 4.1G in bone formation that promotes the primary ciliogenesis in the differentiating preosteoblasts and induction of cilia-mediated osteoblast differentiation, resulting in bone formation at the newborn stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Saito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.H.); (T.I.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-717-8207
| | - Marina Hirano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.H.); (T.I.); (T.S.)
- Department of Human Health and Nutrition, Shokei Gakuin University, Natori 981-1295, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Izumi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.H.); (T.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Yu Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.I.)
| | - Kentaro Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.I.)
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Center for Medical Education, Teikyo University of Science, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan;
| | - Nobuo Terada
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto 390-0802, Japan;
| | - Takeya Sato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.H.); (T.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Jun Sukegawa
- Department of Human Health and Nutrition, Shokei Gakuin University, Natori 981-1295, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu P, Cui Y, Liu M, Xiao B, Zhang J, Huang W, Zhang X, Song M, Li Y. Protective effect of mitophagy against aluminum-induced MC3T3-E1 cells dysfunction. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131086. [PMID: 34119729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous environmental metal toxicant that causes osteoblast (OB) damage which leads to Al-related bone diseases. Mitochondrial damage plays a key role in Al-related bone diseases, and while mitophagy can clear damaged mitochondria and improve OB function, the relationship between mitophagy and Al-induced OB dysfunction is unknown. To explore the role of mitophagy in Al-induced OB dysfunction in vitro, we used 2 μM carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and 0.4 μM Cyclosporin A (CsA) to activate and inhibit mitophagy, respectively. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 0 mM AlCl3 (control group); 2 mM AlCl3 (Al group); 2 μM CCCP (CCCP group); 2 μM CCCP and 2 mM AlCl3 (CCCP + Al group); 0.4 μM CsA (CsA group); 0.4 μM CsA and 2 mM AlCl3 (CsA + Al group). The results showed that Al induced ultrastructural and functional impairment of MC3T3-E1 cells. Compared to the Al group, mitophagy activation caused mitochondrial membrane potentials to collapse, up-regulated PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 expression, down-regulated p62 expression, and increased mitophagosome numbers. Mitophagy activation also reduced Al-induced oxidative stress and MC3T3-E1 cell functional damage, as seen in improvement in cell viability, cellular calcium and phosphorus contents, and collagen I, osteocalcin, and bone alkaline phosphatase gene expression. Mitophagy inhibition had the opposite effects on activation. Overall, these results show that mitophagy can protect against Al-induced OB dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengli Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bonan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wanyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen CH, Kang L, Chang LH, Cheng TL, Lin SY, Wu SC, Lin YS, Chuang SC, Lee TC, Chang JK, Ho ML. Intra-articular low-dose parathyroid hormone (1-34) improves mobility and articular cartilage quality in a preclinical age-related knee osteoarthritis model. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:514-525. [PMID: 34387115 PMCID: PMC8414442 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.108.bjr-2020-0165.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent among the elderly and incurable. Intra-articular parathyroid hormone (PTH) ameliorated OA in papain-induced and anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced OA models; therefore, we hypothesized that PTH improved OA in a preclinical age-related OA model. Methods Guinea pigs aged between six and seven months of age were randomized into control or treatment groups. Three- or four-month-old guinea pigs served as the young control group. The knees were administered 40 μl intra-articular injections of 10 nM PTH or vehicle once a week for three months. Their endurance as determined from time on the treadmill was evaluated before kill. Their tibial plateaus were analyzed using microcalculated tomography (μCT) and histological studies. Results PTH increased the endurance on the treadmill test, preserved glycosaminoglycans, and reduced Osteoarthritis Research Society International score and chondrocyte apoptosis rate. No difference was observed in the subchondral plate bone density or metaphyseal trabecular bone volume and bone morphogenetic 2 protein staining. Conclusion Subchondral bone is crucial in the initiation and progression of OA. Although previous studies have shown that subcutaneous PTH alleviates knee OA by improving subchondral and metaphyseal bone mass, we demonstrated that intra-articular PTH injections improved spontaneous OA by directly affecting the cartilage rather than the subchondral or metaphyseal bone in a preclinical age-related OA model. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(8):514–525.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hua Chang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yen Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Cheng Wu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ching Lee
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ken Chang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu M, Wu X, Cui Y, Liu P, Xiao B, Zhang X, Zhang J, Sun Z, Song M, Shao B, Li Y. Mitophagy and apoptosis mediated by ROS participate in AlCl 3-induced MC3T3-E1 cell dysfunction. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112388. [PMID: 34242719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al), as a common environmental pollutant, causes osteoblast (OB) dysfunction and then leads to Al-related bone diseases (ARBD). One of the mechanisms of ARBD is oxidative stress, which leads to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can induce mitochondrial damage, thereby inducing mitophagy and apoptosis. But whether mitophagy and apoptosis mediated by ROS, and the role of ROS in AlCl3-induced MC3T3-E1 cell dysfunction is still unclear. In this study, MC3T3-E1 cells used 0 mM Al (control group), 2 mM Al (Al group), 5 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (NAC group), 2 mM Al and 5 mM NAC (Al + NAC group) for 24 h. We found AlCl3-induced MC3T3-E1 cell dysfunction accompanied by oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitophagy. While NAC, a ROS scavenger treatment, restored cell function and alleviated the mitophagy and apoptosis. These results suggested that mitophagy and apoptosis mediated by ROS participate in AlCl3-induced MC3T3-E1 cell dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xia Wu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengli Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bonan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bakr MM, Kelly WL, Brunt AR, Paterson BC, Massa HM, Morrison NA, Forwood MR. Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Accelerates Stress Fracture Healing More Effectively Following Cessation of Bisphosphonate Treatment. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10387. [PMID: 32995690 PMCID: PMC7507447 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bisphosphonates (BPs), including alendronate (ALN), have opposing effects on bone dynamics. The extent to which PTH remains effective in the treatment of stress fracture (SFx) in the presence of an ongoing BP treatment has not been tested. SFx was induced in 150 female Wistar rats, divided into five equal groups (n = 30). All rats were pretreated with ALN (1 μg/kg-1/day-1) for 14 days prior to SFx induction, followed by ALN cessation or continuation for the duration of the experiment; this was combined with daily PTH (8 μg/100 g-1/day-1) on SFx induction for 14 days, followed by cessation or continuation of ALN after SFx induction or an equivalent vehicle as a control. Ulnas were examined 2 weeks or 6 weeks following SFx. Two toluidine blue- and two tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained sections were examined for histomorphometric analysis using Osteomeasure software. There was a significant interaction between the effects of time and treatment type on the woven bone width and apposition rate, as well as an improvement in the woven bone architecture. However, woven bone variables remained unaffected by the cessation or continuation of ALN. Cessation of ALN increased osteoclast number when compared with the ALN-PTH continuation group (p = 0.006), and vehicle (p = 0.024) after 2 weeks. There was a significant interaction between the effects of time and treatment type on the number of osteoclasts per unit BMU area and length. The number of osteoclasts per unit BMU area and length was significantly greater in ALN cessation groups. It was concluded that intermittent short-duration iPTH treatment effectively increased remodeling of SFx with a concurrent BP treatment, provided that BP was ceased at the time of SFx. Our results could help develop shorter iPTH treatment protocols for the clinical management of SFxs and guide clinical decision-making to cease BP treatment in cases of SFx. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Bakr
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia.,School of Dentistry and Oral Health Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Wendy L Kelly
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Athena R Brunt
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Bradley C Paterson
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Helen M Massa
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Nigel A Morrison
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Mark R Forwood
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pativada T, Kim MH, Lee JH, Hong SS, Choi CW, Choi YH, Kim WJ, Song DW, Park SI, Lee EJ, Seo BY, Kim H, Kim HK, Lee KH, Ahn SK, Ku JM, Park GH. Benzylideneacetone Derivatives Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis and Activate Osteoblastogenesis Independently Based on Specific Structure–Activity Relationship. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6063-6082. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Triveni Pativada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea Molecular Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Myung Hwan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea Molecular Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jung-Hun Lee
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Seong Su Hong
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Yun-Hyeok Choi
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Da-Woon Song
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Serk In Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea Molecular Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea Molecular Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea Molecular Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hankyeom Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kee Ho Lee
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Sung K. Ahn
- Statistics, Department of Finance and Management Science, College of Business, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4746, United States
| | - Jin-Mo Ku
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Gil Hong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea Molecular Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Variable osteogenic performance of MC3T3-E1 subclones impacts their utility as models of osteoblast biology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8299. [PMID: 31165768 PMCID: PMC6549152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spontaneously immortalized murine calvarial cell line MC3T3-E1 and its derivative subclones are widely used models of osteoblast biology. Many investigators have reported conflicting data under seemingly similar experimental conditions, though the specific subclone studied is often not specified. The purpose of this study was to directly compare the commercially available MC3T3-E1 subclones 4, 14, and 24 in terms of responsiveness to osteogenic induction media and/or stimulation with rhPTH[1–34]. We assayed osteogenic gene expression, capacity to deposit and mineralize a collagenous matrix, and the expression and signaling function of PTH1R. Our data demonstrate that each subclone bears little functional resemblance to the others, or to primary calvarial osteoblasts. Specifically, whereas subclone 4 is responsive to PTH stimulation and capable of matrix mineralization, subclones 14 and 24 do not faithfully replicate these key aspects of osteoblast biology. Furthermore, little overlap was observed between the gene expression profile of subclone 4 and primary calvarial osteoblasts. Our experience working with these cell lines demonstrates that the MC3T3-E1 derived cell lines are imperfect models of osteoblast biology, and reinforce the importance of clearly articulating selection and reporting of research materials.
Collapse
|
11
|
Moghaddam T, Neshati Z. Role of microRNAs in osteogenesis of stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14136-14155. [PMID: 31069839 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation is a controlled developmental process in which external and internal factors including cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles. Various stimulatory and inhibitory TFs contribute to osteogenic differentiation and are responsible for bone development. In addition, cross-talk between several complex signaling pathways regulates the osteogenic differentiation of some stem cells. Although much is known about regulatory genes and signaling pathways in osteogenesis, the role of miRNAs in osteogenic differentiation still needs to be explored. miRNAs are small, approximately 22 nucleotides, single-stranded nonprotein coding RNAs which are abundant in many mammalian cell types. They paly significant regulated roles in various biological processes and serve as promising biomarkers for disease states. Recently, emerging evidence have shown that miRNAs are the key regulators of osteogenesis of stem cells. They may endogenously regulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through direct targeting of positive or negative directors of osteogenesis and depending on the target result in the promotion or inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. This review aims to provide a general overview of miRNAs participating in osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and explain their regulatory effect based on the genes targeted with these miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Neshati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang L, Huang J, Yang S, Cui W, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li J, Guo X. Bone Regeneration Induced by Local Delivery of a Modified PTH-Derived Peptide from Nanohydroxyapatite/Chitosan Coated True Bone Ceramics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3246-3258. [PMID: 33435063 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghuan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Michalski MN, Seydel AL, Siismets EM, Zweifler LE, Koh AJ, Sinder BP, Aguirre JI, Atabai K, Roca H, McCauley LK. Inflammatory bone loss associated with MFG-E8 deficiency is rescued by teriparatide. FASEB J 2018; 32:3730-3741. [PMID: 29475373 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701238r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A prolonged increase in proinflammatory cytokines is associated with osteoporotic and autoimmune bone loss and, conversely, anti-inflammatory pathways are associated with protection against bone loss. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor (MFG-E)-8 is a glycoprotein that is proresolving, regulates apoptotic cell clearance, and has been linked to autoimmune disease and skeletal homeostasis. The role of MFG-E8 in the young vs. adult skeleton was determined in mice deficient in MFG-E8 (KO). In vivo, trabecular bone was similar in MFG-E8KO and wild-type (WT) mice at 6 and 16 wk, whereas 22 wk adult MFG-E8KO mice displayed significantly reduced trabecular BV/TV. The number of osteoclasts per bone surface was increased in 22-wk MFG-E8 KO vs. WT mice, and recombinant murine MFG-E8 decreased the number and size of osteoclasts in vitro. Adult MFG-E8KO spleen weight:body weight was increased compared with WT, and flow cytometric analysis showed significantly increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells (CD11bhiGR-1+) and neutrophils (CD11bhiLy6G+) in MFG-E8KO bone marrow, suggesting an inflammatory phenotype. PTH-treated MFG-E8KO mice showed a greater anabolic response (+124% BV/TV) than observed in PTH-treated WT mice (+64% BV/TV). These data give insight into the role of MFG-E8 in the adult skeleton and suggest that anabolic PTH may be a valuable therapeutic approach for autoimmune-associated skeletal disease.-Michalski, M. N., Seydel, A. L., Siismets, E. M., Zweifler, L. E., Koh, A. J., Sinder, B. P., Aguirre, J. I., Atabai, K., Roca, H., McCauley, L. K. Inflammatory bone loss associated with MFG-E8 deficiency is rescued by teriparatide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Michalski
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna L Seydel
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Erica M Siismets
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura E Zweifler
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy J Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin P Sinder
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kamran Atabai
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; and
| | - Hernan Roca
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lossdörfer S, Götz W, Jäger A. PTH(1-34) Affects Osteoprotegerin Production in Human PDL Cells in vitro. J Dent Res 2016; 84:634-8. [PMID: 15972592 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since periodontal ligament (PDL) cells exhibit several osteoblastic traits, we hypothesized that human PDL cells will respond to hormonal stimulation in an osteoblast-like manner. Confluent and pre-confluent PDL cells from six patients were challenged with PTH(1-34). Cell number, ALP, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and RANKL expression were determined. Intermittent PTH(1-34) treatment of confluent PDL cells caused a significant increase in proliferation, whereas differentiation and osteoprotegerin production decreased significantly. In pre-confluent PDL cells, this treatment regimen induced a biphasic decrease in proliferation, but a biphasic increase in differentiation and osteoprotegerin production. Continuous PTH(1-34) exposure enhanced proliferation but inhibited osteocalcin production in confluent cells and stimulated osteoprotegerin production in pre-confluent PDL cells. RANKL was hardly detectable and unaffected by PTH(1-34) treatment. These results indicate that human PDL cells respond to PTH(1-34) in an osteoblast-like manner, and that the PTH(1-34) effect depends on the maturation state of the cells and on the mode of administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lossdörfer
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xiong L, Xia WF, Tang FL, Pan JX, Mei L, Xiong WC. Retromer in Osteoblasts Interacts With Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulator Subunit 14C, Terminates Parathyroid Hormone's Signaling, and Promotes Its Catabolic Response. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:45-60. [PMID: 27333042 PMCID: PMC4972523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays critical, but distinct, roles in bone remodeling, including bone formation (anabolic response) and resorption (catabolic response). Although its signaling and function have been extensively investigated, it just began to be understood how distinct functions are induced by PTH activating a common receptor, the PTH type 1 receptor (PTH1R), and how PTH1R signaling is terminated. Here, we provide evidence for vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35), a major component of retromer, in regulating PTH1R trafficking, turning off PTH signaling, and promoting its catabolic function. VPS35 is expressed in osteoblast (OB)-lineage cells. VPS35-deficiency in OBs impaired PTH(1–34)-promoted PTH1R translocation to the trans-Golgi network, enhanced PTH(1–34)-driven signaling, and reduced PTH(1–34)'s catabolic response in culture and in mice. Further mechanical studies revealed that VPS35 interacts with not only PTH1R, but also protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14C (PPP1R14C), an inhibitory subunit of PP1 phosphatase. PPP1R14C also interacts with PTH1R, which is necessary for the increased endosomal PTH1R signaling and decreased PTH(1–34)'s catabolic response in VPS35-deficient OB-lineage cells. Taken together, these results suggest that VPS35 deregulates PTH1R-signaling likely by its interaction with PTH1R and PPP1R14C. This event is critical for the control of PTH(1–34)-signaling dynamics, which may underlie PTH-induced catabolic response and adequate bone remodeling. VPS35 terminates PTH(1-34)-induced cell surface and endosomal signalings Osteoblastic VPS35 promotes PTH(1-34)-driven catabolic response VPS35 interacts with PPP1R14C PPP1R14C also interacts with PTH1R and promotes PTH(1-34)-induced endosomal signaling PPP1R14C is necessary for the increased endosomal PTH1R signaling and decreased PTH(1-34)’s catabolic response in VPS35-deficient OB-lineage cells
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Wen-Fang Xia
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fu-Lei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Williams GR, Bethard JR, Berkaw MN, Nagel AK, Luttrell LM, Ball LE. Exploring G protein-coupled receptor signaling networks using SILAC-based phosphoproteomics. Methods 2015; 92:36-50. [PMID: 26160508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) is a key regulator of calcium homeostasis and bone turnover. Here, we employed SILAC-based quantitative mass spectrometry and bioinformatic pathways analysis to examine global changes in protein phosphorylation following short-term stimulation of endogenously expressed PTH1R in osteoblastic cells in vitro. Following 5min exposure to the conventional agonist, PTH(1-34), we detected significant changes in the phosphorylation of 224 distinct proteins. Kinase substrate motif enrichment demonstrated that consensus motifs for PKA and CAMK2 were the most heavily upregulated within the phosphoproteome, while consensus motifs for mitogen-activated protein kinases were strongly downregulated. Signaling pathways analysis identified ERK1/2 and AKT as important nodal kinases in the downstream network and revealed strong regulation of small GTPases involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell motility, and focal adhesion complex signaling. Our data illustrate the utility of quantitative mass spectrometry in measuring dynamic changes in protein phosphorylation following GPCR activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace R Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jennifer R Bethard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mary N Berkaw
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alexis K Nagel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Research Service of the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Lauren E Ball
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Helfgott SM. Rheumatoid manifestations of endocrine and lipid disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
18
|
Zhang M, Mahoney E, Zuo T, Manchanda PK, Davuluri RV, Kirschner LS. Protein kinase A activation enhances β-catenin transcriptional activity through nuclear localization to PML bodies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109523. [PMID: 25299576 PMCID: PMC4192022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Protein Kinase A (PKA) and Wnt signaling cascades are fundamental pathways involved in cellular development and maintenance. In the osteoblast lineage, these pathways have been demonstrated functionally to be essential for the production of mineralized bone. Evidence for PKA-Wnt crosstalk has been reported both during tumorigenesis and during organogenesis, and the nature of the interaction is thought to rely on tissue and cell context. In this manuscript, we analyzed bone tumors arising from mice with activated PKA caused by mutation of the PKA regulatory subunit Prkar1a. In primary cells from these tumors, we observed relocalization of β-catenin to intranuclear punctuate structures, which were identified as PML bodies. Cellular redistribution of β-catenin could be recapitulated by pharmacologic activation of PKA. Using 3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts as a model system, we found that PKA phosphorylation sites on β-catenin were required for nuclear re-localization. Further, β-catenin's transport to the nucleus was accompanied by an increase in canonical Wnt-dependent transcription, which also required the PKA sites. PKA-Wnt crosstalk in the cells was bi-directional, including enhanced interactions between β-catenin and the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and transcriptional crosstalk between the Wnt and PKA signaling pathways. Increases in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling were associated with a decrease in the activity of the non-canonical Wnt/Ror2 pathway, which has been shown to antagonize canonical Wnt signaling. Taken together, this study provides a new understanding of the complex regulation of the subcellular distribution of β-catenin and its differential protein-protein interaction that can be modulated by PKA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Emilia Mahoney
- Department of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tao Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Parmeet K. Manchanda
- Department of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ramana V. Davuluri
- Department of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. Kirschner
- Department of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Korpi-Steiner N, Milhorn D, Hammett-Stabler C. Osteoporosis in men. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:950-9. [PMID: 24726494 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis in men causes significant morbidity and mortality. Bone health declines gradually, often insidiously; and in light of the advancing aging population poses a serious public health issue that is not well recognized. Studies of the past decade have expanded our understanding of the events within, as well as the regulation of, bone remodeling and provided better insight into the physiology and pathophysiology specific to the adult male skeleton. The clinical measurement of bone mineral density using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry remains the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis in males; and fracture risk assessment is now recognized as a preferred approach to guide treatment decisions. Utilizing surrogate end-points such as increasing bone mineral density and decreasing concentrations of bone resorption markers, clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy in pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis in the adult male. Unfortunately, few studies have evaluated the anti-fracture benefits in this population. Measurement of bone turnover markers may be an additional tool to monitor therapeutic responsiveness in addition to the measurement of bone mineral density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Korpi-Steiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Denise Milhorn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Catherine Hammett-Stabler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mundy C, Gannon M, Popoff SN. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) negatively regulates BMP-2 induced osteoblast differentiation and signaling. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:672-81. [PMID: 24127409 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 are both produced and secreted by osteoblasts. Both proteins have been shown to have independent effects in regulating osteoblast proliferation, maturation and mineralization. However, how these two proteins interact during osteoblast differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we utilized two cell culture model systems, osteoblasts derived from CTGF knockout (KO) mice and osteoblasts infected with an adenovirus which over-expresses CTGF (Ad-CTGF), to investigate the effects of CTGF and BMP-2 on osteoblast development and function in vitro. Contrary to a previously published report, osteoblast maturation and mineralization were similar in osteogenic cultures derived from KO and WT calvaria in the absence of BMP-2 stimulation. Interestingly, in KO and WT osteoblast cultures stimulated with BMP-2, the KO osteoblasts exhibited enhanced osteoblast differentiation. This increase in osteoblast differentiation was accompanied by increased protein levels of phosphorylated Smad 1/5/8 and mRNA expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein receptor Ib. We also examined osteoblast differentiation in cultures that were infected with an adenoviral-CTGF vector (Ad-CTGF) and in controls. Continuous over-expression of CTGF resulted in decreased osteoblast maturation and mineralization in both unstimulated and BMP-2 stimulated cultures. Impaired osteoblast differentiation in cultures over-expressing CTGF was accompanied by decreased protein levels of phosphorylated Smad 1/5/8. Collectively, the data from these studies demonstrate that CTGF acts to negatively regulate BMP-2 induced signaling and osteoblast differentiation, and warrant additional studies to determine the precise mechanism(s) responsible for this effect. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 672-681, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mundy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang M, Manchanda PK, Wu D, Wang Q, Kirschner LS. Knockdown of PRKAR1A, the gene responsible for Carney complex, interferes with differentiation in osteoblastic cells. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:295-307. [PMID: 24506536 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PRKAR1A is the gene encoding the type 1A regulatory subunit of protein kinase A, and it is the cause of the inherited human tumor syndrome Carney complex. Data from our laboratory has demonstrated that Prkar1a loss causes tumors in multiple cell lineages, including neural crest cells and osteoblasts. We have proposed that one mechanism by which tumorigenesis occurs is through the failure of terminal differentiation. In the present study, we directly test the effects of Prkar1a reduction on osteogenic differentiation in mouse and human cells in vitro. We found that Prkar1a levels noticeably increased during osteoblastic differentiation, indicating a positive correlation between the expression of Prkar1a and osteogenic potential. To validate this hypothesis, we generated stable Prkar1a knockdown in both mouse and human cells. These cells displayed significantly suppressed bone nodule formation and decreased expression of osteoblast markers such as osteocalcin and osteopontin. These observations imply that the antiosteogenic effect of Prkar1a ablation is not species or cell line specific. Furthermore, because Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) is a key mediator of osteoblast differentiation, we reasoned that the function of this transcription factor may be inhibited by Prkar1a knockdown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays demonstrated that Prkar1a ablation repressed DNA binding and function of Runx2 at its target genes. Additionally, we determined that this effect is likely due to reductions in the Runx2-cooperating transcription factors forkhead box O1 and activating transcription factor 4. Taken together, this study provides direct evidence that ablation of Prkar1a interferes with signaling pathways necessary for osteoblast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Departments of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (M.Z., P.K.M., L.S.K.) and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (D.W., Q.W.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (L.S.K.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Contaldo C, Myers TJ, Zucchini C, Manara MC, Chiodoni C, Colombo MP, Nicoletti G, Lollini PL, Li T, Longobardi L, Scotlandi K, Spagnoli A. Expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 modulate the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and osteosarcoma cells. Growth Factors 2014; 32:41-52. [PMID: 24438070 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2013.870168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 system, including its critical mediator insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), is involved in regulating osteosarcoma (OS) cell proliferation or differentiation. The aim of this study is to define the role of IRS-1 in OS cells by assessing the contribution of IRS-1 in the differentiation of human and murine OS cell lines and mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and found that the basal level of IRS-1 is important for the initiation of differentiation. Both down-regulation and over-expression of IRS-1 inhibited osteoblastic differentiation. In vivo studies showed that OS cells over-expressing IRS-1 have increased metastatic potential and tumor growth. The proteasome inhibitor MG-132 led to an increase in IRS-1 protein level that inhibited osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting a role for proteasomal regulation in maintaining the appropriate expression level of IRS-1. Thus, precise regulation of IRS-1 expression level is critical for determining the differentiating capacity of MSCs and OS cells, and that derangement of IRS-1 levels can be a critical step in OS transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Contaldo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, CRS Development of Molecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Anjos L, Gomes AS, Redruello B, Reinhardt R, Canário AV, Power DM. PTHrP-induced modifications of the sea bream (Sparus auratus) vertebral bone proteome. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 191:102-12. [PMID: 23747812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine factors play an essential role in the formation and turnover of the skeleton in vertebrates. In the present study sea bream vertebral bone transcripts for PTH1R and PTH3R were identified and the action of intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) on the proteome of vertebral bone was analysed. Treatment of immature sea bream (Sparus auratus, n=6) for 5days with homologous recombinant PTHrP(1-125; 150ng/g body weight) modified bone metabolism and caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in both tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in relation to control fish. However, the ratio of TRACP: ALP in PTHrP treated fish (1.3 to 2.2 cf. control) suggested it had an anabolic response. A sea bream vertebral bone proteome of 157 protein spots was generated and putative identity assigned to 118 (75.2%) proteins of which 72% had homology to proteins/transcripts from teleosts many of which have not previously been reported in teleost bone. Classification of bone proteins using gene ontology revealed those with protein or metal/ion (e.g., calcium, magnesium, zinc) binding (∼53%) activities were most abundant. The expression of eight proteins was significantly (p<0.05) modified in the vertebra of PTHrP treated compared to control fish; three were up-regulated, betainehomocystein S-methyltransferase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, parvalbumin beta and five were down-regulated, annexin A5, apolipoprotein A1, myosin light chain 2, fast skeletal myosin light chain 3, troponin C. In conclusion, intermittent administration of PTHrP to sea bream is associated with an anabolic response in vertebral bone metabolism and modifies calcium binding proteins in the proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Anjos
- Comparative and Molecular Endocrinology Group, CCMAR, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aoki K, Alles N, Soysa N, Ohya K. Peptide-based delivery to bone. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1220-38. [PMID: 22709649 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are attractive as novel therapeutic reagents, since they are flexible in adopting and mimicking the local structural features of proteins. Versatile capabilities to perform organic synthetic manipulations are another unique feature of peptides compared to protein-based medicines, such as antibodies. On the other hand, a disadvantage of using a peptide for a therapeutic purpose is its low stability and/or high level of aggregation. During the past two decades, numerous peptides were developed for the treatment of bone diseases, and some peptides have already been used for local applications to repair bone defects in the clinic. However, very few peptides have the ability to form bone themselves. We herein summarize the effects of the therapeutic peptides on bone loss and/or local bone defects, including the results from basic studies. We also herein describe some possible methods for overcoming the obstacles associated with using therapeutic peptide candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Aoki
- Dept. of Hard Tissue Engineering (Pharmacology), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gray SK, McGee-Lawrence ME, Sanders JL, Condon KW, Tsai CJ, Donahue SW. Black bear parathyroid hormone has greater anabolic effects on trabecular bone in dystrophin-deficient mice than in wild type mice. Bone 2012; 51:578-85. [PMID: 22584007 PMCID: PMC3412940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked neuromuscular disease that has deleterious consequences in muscle and bone, leading to decreased mobility, progressive osteoporosis, and premature death. Patients with DMD experience a higher-than-average fracture rate, particularly in the proximal and distal femur and proximal tibia. The dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse is a model of DMD that demonstrates muscle degeneration and fibrosis and osteoporosis. Parathyroid hormone, an effective anabolic agent for post-menopausal and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, has not been explored for DMD. Black bear parathyroid hormone (bbPTH) has been implicated in the maintenance of bone properties during extended periods of disuse (hibernation). We cloned bbPTH and found 9 amino acid residue differences from human PTH. Apoptosis was mitigated and cAMP was activated by bbPTH in osteoblast cultures. We administered 28nmol/kg of bbPTH 1-84 to 4-week old male mdx and wild type mice via daily (5×/week) subcutaneous injection for 6 weeks. Vehicle-treated mdx mice had 44% lower trabecular bone volume fraction than wild type mice. No changes were found in femoral cortical bone geometry or mechanical properties with bbPTH treatment in wild type mice, and only medio-lateral moment of inertia changed with bbPTH treatment in mdx femurs. However, μCT analyses of the trabecular regions of the distal femur and proximal tibia showed marked increases in bone volume fraction with bbPTH treatment, with a greater anabolic response (7-fold increase) in mdx mice than wild type mice (2-fold increase). Trabecular number increased in mdx long bone, but not wild type bone. Additionally, greater osteoblast area and decreased osteoclast area were observed with bbPTH treatment in mdx mice. The heightened response to PTH in mdx bone compared to wild type suggests a link between dystrophin deficiency, altered calcium signaling, and bone. These findings support further investigation of PTH as an anabolic treatment for DMD-induced osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Gray
- Michigan Tech University, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, 309 M&M Bldg., 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Eswaramoorthy R, Chang CC, Wu SC, Wang GJ, Chang JK, Ho ML. Sustained release of PTH(1-34) from PLGA microspheres suppresses osteoarthritis progression in rats. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2254-62. [PMID: 22414620 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that PTH(1-34) inhibits the terminal differentiation of articular chondrocytes and, in turn, suppresses the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, this treatment requires an injection of PTH(1-34) once every 3 days over the treatment period. In this study, we studied the effect of sustained administration of PTH(1-34) in a papain-induced OA rat model. We developed an effective controlled-release system for prolonging the treatment duration of an intra-articular injection for OA treatment in rats. The effects of released PTH(1-34) from PLGA(65:35)-encapsulated PTH(1-34) microspheres (PTH/PLGA) on papain-induced OA in rat knees were studied. Microsphere morphology was observed in vitro by scanning electron microscopy, and microsphere size was determined with a particle size analyzer. The PTH(1-34) encapsulation efficiency and release profile, as well as the toxicity of PTH/PLGA, were examined. The bioactivity of released PTH(1-34) was tested by examining cAMP levels in MC3T3E1 cells. In vivo, we evaluated the changes of localized GAG, Col II, and Col X in the articular cartilage of rat knees. Our results demonstrated that the surface of the PLGA microspheres was smooth, and the size of the microspheres was in the range of 51-127 μm. PTH/PLGA microspheres sustainably released PTH(1-34) for 19 days with a concentration range of 0.01-100 nM that covered the expected concentration of 10nM at 37°C. The cAMP levels of MC3T3E1 cells were elevated in the response to released PTH(1-34) from PTH/PLGA microspheres, indicating that the released PTH(1-34) is bioactive. Most importantly, intra-articular treatment with either PTH(1-34) (0.1-100 nM) 3 days/injection or PTH/PLGA microspheres (15 days/injection) for 5 weeks revealed the similar effect on suppressing papain-induced OA changes (decreasing GAG and Col II and increasing Col X) in rat knee cartilage. The effect of PTH/PLGA microspheres on suppressing OA progression was similar to that of a once-every-three-day injection of PTH(1-34), indicating that both the sustained and intermittent action of PTH(1-34) effectively suppress OA progression. The developed PLGA microspheres with sustained release and long-term effect may be potent carriers for PTH(1-34) used to treat early OA.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mahalingam CD, Datta T, Patil RV, Kreider J, Bonfil RD, Kirkwood KL, Goldstein SA, Abou-Samra AB, Datta NS. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 regulates bone mass, osteoblast gene expression, and responsiveness to parathyroid hormone. J Endocrinol 2011; 211:145-56. [PMID: 21852324 PMCID: PMC3783352 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling via PTH 1 receptor (PTH1R) involves mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP1) dephosphorylates and inactivates MAPKs in osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells. We previously showed that PTH1R activation in differentiated osteoblasts upregulates MKP1 and downregulates pERK1/2-MAPK and cyclin D1. In this study, we evaluated the skeletal phenotype of Mkp1 knockout (KO) mice and the effects of PTH in vivo and in vitro. Microcomputed tomography analysis of proximal tibiae and distal femora from 12-week-old Mkp1 KO female mice revealed osteopenic phenotype with significant reduction (8-46%) in bone parameters compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Histomorphometric analysis showed decreased trabecular bone area in KO females. Levels of serum osteocalcin (OCN) were lower and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) was higher in KO animals. Treatment of neonatal mice with hPTH (1-34) for 3 weeks showed attenuated anabolic responses in the distal femora of KO mice compared with WT mice. Primary osteoblasts derived from KO mice displayed delayed differentiation determined by alkaline phosphatase activity, and reduced expressions of Ocn and Runx2 genes associated with osteoblast maturation and function. Cells from KO females exhibited attenuated PTH response in mineralized nodule formation in vitro. Remarkably, this observation was correlated with decreased PTH response of matrix Gla protein expression. Expressions of pERK1/2 and cyclin D1 were inhibited dramatically by PTH in differentiated osteoblasts from WT mice but much less in osteoblasts from Mkp1 KO mice. In conclusion, MKP1 is important for bone homeostasis, osteoblast differentiation and skeletal responsiveness to PTH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika D Mahalingam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jacome-Galarza CE, Lee SK, Lorenzo JA, Aguila HL. Parathyroid hormone regulates the distribution and osteoclastogenic potential of hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:1207-16. [PMID: 21611963 PMCID: PMC3312755 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases both the number of osteoclast in bone and the number of early hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in bone marrow. We previously characterized the phenotype of multiple populations of bone marrow cells with in vitro osteoclastogenic potential in mice. Here we examined whether intermittent administration of PTH influences these osteoclast progenitor (OCP) populations. C57BL/6 mice were treated with daily injections of bPTH(1-34) (80 µg/kg/day) for 7 or 14 days. We found that PTH caused a significant increase in the percentage of TN/CD115(+) CD117(high) and TN/CD115(+) CD117(int) cells (p < .05) in bone marrow on day 7. In contrast, PTH decreased the absolute number of TN/CD115(+) CD117(low) cells by 39% on day 7 (p < .05). On day 14, there was no effect of PTH on osteoclast progenitor distribution in vivo. However, PTH treatment for 7 and 14 days did increase receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)- and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-stimulated in vitro osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in TN/CD115(+) cells. In the periphery, 14 days of treatment increased the percentage and absolute numbers of HSCs (Lin(-) CD117(+) Sca-1(+) ) in the spleen (p < .05). These data correlated with an increase in the percent and absolute numbers of HSCs in bone marrow on day 14 (p < .05). Interestingly, the effects on hematopoietic progenitors do not depend on osteoclast resorption activity. These results suggest that in vivo PTH treatment increased in vitro osteoclastogenesis and resorption without altering the number of osteoclast precursors. This implies that in vivo PTH induces sustained changes, possibly through an epigenetic mechanism, in the in vitro responsiveness of the cells to M-CSF and RANKL.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lossdörfer S, Kraus D, Abuduwali N, Jäger A. Intermittent administration of PTH(1-34) regulates the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells via protein kinase C- and protein kinase A-dependent pathways in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:318-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Lo KWH, Kan HM, Ashe KM, Laurencin CT. The small molecule PKA-specific cyclic AMP analogue as an inducer of osteoblast-like cells differentiation and mineralization. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:40-8. [PMID: 21312339 DOI: 10.1002/term.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblastic differentiation is an important landmark for bone formation, bone repair and regeneration; however, it is a very complex process controlled by different signalling mechanisms. Several groups have reported that the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling system is responsible for regulating osteoblast cell differentiation. Nonetheless, to date, the principle role of the cAMP molecules related to this process remains controversial. Moreover, the underlying cAMP-dependent signalling cascade governing the osteoblastic differentiation has not been clarified. In this study we investigated the roles of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signalling in proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, using the PKA-specific small molecule cAMP analogue, 6-Bnz-cAMP, at 100 µM. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, runt transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) protein expressions were used as osteoblast-specific markers to demonstrate osteoblastic differentiation. Further, calcium measurement of the extracellular matrix was employed as the hallmark of matrix mineralization or calcification. We report here that activation of PKA by the small molecule 6-Bnz-cAMP induces osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, 6-Bnz-cAMP does not induce cytotoxicity to the cells, as revealed by our cell proliferation studies. Therefore, based on these findings, we propose that the PKA-specific small molecule 6-Bnz-cAMP may serve as a novel bone-inducing growth factor for repairing and regenerating bone tissues during bone-regenerative engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W-H Lo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Helfgott SM. Rheumatoid manifestations of endocrine and lipid disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
32
|
Siddappa R, Doorn J, Liu J, Langerwerf E, Arends R, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J. Timing, rather than the concentration of cyclic AMP, correlates to osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 4:356-65. [PMID: 20033926 DOI: 10.1002/term.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that protein kinase A (PKA) activation using dibutyryl-cAMP in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) induces in vitro osteogenesis and bone formation in vivo. To further investigate the physiological role of PKA in hMSC osteogenesis, we tested a selection of G-protein-coupled receptor ligands which signal via intracellular cAMP production and PKA activation. Treatment of hMSCs with parathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, melatonin, epinephrine, calcitonin or calcitonin gene-related peptide did not result in accumulation of cAMP or induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression. The only ligand that did induce cAMP, prostaglandin E2, even inhibited ALP expression and mineralization, suggesting that physiological levels of cAMP may inhibit osteogenesis. Furthermore, intermittent exposure of hMSCs to dibutyryl-cAMP inhibited ALP expression, whereas we did not observe an inhibitive effect at low dibutyryl-cAMP concentrations. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cAMP can either stimulate or inhibit osteogenesis in hMSCs, depending on the duration, rather than the strength, of the signal provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnaiah Siddappa
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shinoda Y, Kawaguchi H, Higashikawa A, Hirata M, Miura T, Saito T, Nakamura K, Chung UI, Ogata N. Mechanisms underlying catabolic and anabolic functions of parathyroid hormone on bone by combination of culture systems of mouse cells. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:755-63. [PMID: 20058231 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since bone resorption and formation by continuous and intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatments involve various types of cells in bone, this study examined the underlying mechanism by combining culture systems using mouse primary calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. The PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTH1R) expression and the cAMP accumulation in response to PTH were increased in accordance with the differentiation of osteoblasts. Osteoclast formation was strongly induced by continuous PTH treatment in the monolayer co-culture of osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, which was associated with RANKL expression in differentiated osteoblasts. Bone formation determined by ALP activity and the type I collagen mRNA expression was stimulated by intermittent PTH treatment in the monolayer co-culture and in the bone marrow cell layer of the separated co-culture in a double chamber dish, but not in the culture of bone marrow cells alone. The stimulation in the separated co-culture, accompanied by IGF-I production by osteoblasts, was abolished when bone marrow cells were derived from knockout mice of insulin-receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1-/-) or when osteoblasts were from PTH1R-/- mice. We conclude that differentiated osteoblasts are most likely the direct target of both continuous and intermittent PTH, while bone marrow cells are likely the effector cells. The osteoblasts stimulated by continuous PTH express RANKL which causes osteoclastogenesis from the precursors in bone marrow via cell-to-cell contact, leading to bone resorption; while the osteoblasts stimulated by intermittent PTH secrete IGF-I which activates IRS-1 in osteoblast precursors in bone marrow via a paracrine mechanism, leading to bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shinoda
- Department of Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Casado-Diaz A, Santiago-Mora R, Quesada JM. The N- and C-terminal domains of parathyroid hormone-related protein affect differently the osteogenic and adipogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:87-98. [PMID: 19946180 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.2.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is synthesized by diverse tissues, and its processing produces several fragments, each with apparently distinct autocrine and paracrine bioactivities. In bone, PTHrP appears to modulate bone formation in part through promoting osteoblast differentiation. The putative effect of PTH-like and PTH-unrelated fragments of PTHrP on human mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) is not well known. Human MSCs were treated with PTHrP (1-36) or PTHrP (107-139) or both (each at 10 nM) in osteogenic or adipogenic medium, from the start or after 6 days of exposure to the corresponding medium, and the expression of several osteoblastogenic and adipogenic markers was analyzed. PTHrP (1-36) inhibited adipogenesis in MSCs and favoured the expression of osteogenic early markers. The opposite was observed with treatment of MSCs with PTHrP (107-139). Moreover, inhibition of the adipogenic differentiation by PTHrP (1-36) prevailed in the presence of PTHrP (107-139). The PTH/PTHrP type 1 receptor (PTH1R) gene expression was maximum in the earlier and later stages of osteogenesis and adipogenesis, respectively. While PTHrP (107-139) did not modify the PTH1R overexpression during adipogenesis, PTHrP (1-36) did inhibit it; an effect which was partially affected by PTHrP (7-34), a PTH1R antagonist, at 1 microM. These findings demonstrate that both PTHrP domains can exert varying effects on human MSCs differentiation. PTHrP (107-139) showed a tendency to favor adipogenesis, while PTHrP (1-36) induced a mild osteogenic effect in these cells, and inhibited their adipocytic commitment. This further supports the potential anabolic action of the latter peptide in humans.
Collapse
|
35
|
PTHrP 1-141 and 1-86 increase in vitro bone formation. J Surg Res 2010; 162:e9-17. [PMID: 20538301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) has anabolic effects in bone, which has led to the clinical use of N-terminal fragments of PTHrP and PTH. Since 10% to 20% of fractures demonstrate healing complications and osteoporosis continues to be a debilitating disease, the development of bone-forming agents is of utmost importance. Due to evidence that regions of PTHrP other than the N-terminus may have bone-forming effects, this study was designed to compare the effects of full-length PTHrP 1-141 to N-terminal PTHrP 1-86 on in vitro bone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were treated once every 6 d for 36 d with 5, 25, and 50 pM of PTHrP 1-141 or 1-86 for 1 or 24 h. Cells were also treated after blocking the N-terminus, the nuclear localization sequence (NLS), and the C-terminus of PTHrP, individually and in combination. Area of mineralization, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OCN) were measured. RESULTS PTHrP 1-141 and 1-86 increased mineralization after 24-h treatments, but not 1-h. PTHrP 1-141 was more potent than 1-86. Treatment with PTHrP 1-141 for 24-h, but not 1-86, resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in ALP, with no effect after 1-h. Exposure to both peptides for 1- or 24-h induced a concentration-dependent increase in OCN, with 24-h exceeding 1-h. Antibody blocking revealed that the NLS and C-terminus are anabolic. CONCLUSIONS Both PTHrP 1-141 and 1-86 increased in vitro bone formation; however, PTHrP 1-141 was more effective. The NLS and C-terminus have anabolic effects distinct from the N-terminus. This demonstrates the advantage of PTHrP 1-141 as a skeletal anabolic agent.
Collapse
|
36
|
Georgy SR, Pagel CN, Wong DM, Sivagurunathan S, Loh LH, Myers DE, Hollenberg MD, Pike RN, Mackie EJ. Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) and mouse osteoblasts: Regulation of cell function and lack of specificity of PAR2-activating peptides. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:328-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
37
|
Siddappa R, Mulder W, Steeghs I, van de Klundert C, Fernandes H, Liu J, Arends R, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J. cAMP/PKA signaling inhibits osteogenic differentiation and bone formation in rodent models. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:2135-43. [PMID: 19231969 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that cAMP-mediated protein kinase A (PKA) activation induces in vitro osteogenesis and in vivo bone formation by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). To analyze the species-specific response of this phenomenon and to translate our findings into a clinical trial, suitable animal models and cell lines are desirable. In this report, we assessed whether PKA plays a similar proosteogenic role played by two commonly used PKA activators-N6,2'-O-dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) and 8-bromo cAMP (8b-cAMP)-in a number of model systems. To this end, we treated MC3T3-E1 cells, mouse calvarial osteoblasts, mouse MSCs, and rat MSCs with cAMP. We demonstrate that cAMP inhibits osteogenesis in rodent cell types, evidenced by inhibition of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (BGLAP), and collagen type 1 (COL1A1). In support of this, ex vivo-cultured mouse calvaria exposed to db-cAMP showed a reduction in bone volume. Interestingly, cAMP even stimulated adipogenic differentiation in rat MSCs. Taken together, our data demonstrate that cAMP inhibits osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation ex vivo in rodent models in contrast to our earlier findings in hMSCs. The species discrepancy in response to various osteogenic signals is a critical need to be tested in clinically relevant models to translate the fundamental findings in lower species level to clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnaiah Siddappa
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute for BioMedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chang JK, Chang LH, Hung SH, Wu SC, Lee HY, Lin YS, Chen CH, Fu YC, Wang GJ, Ho ML. Parathyroid hormone 1-34 inhibits terminal differentiation of human articular chondrocytes and osteoarthritis progression in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:3049-60. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
39
|
Habitual high phosphorus intakes and foods with phosphate additives negatively affect serum parathyroid hormone concentration: a cross-sectional study on healthy premenopausal women. Public Health Nutr 2009; 12:1885-92. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980009004819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveFoods can contain natural phosphorus (NP) and phosphate-containing food additives (AP). The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether NP and AP of habitual diets differ in their effects on markers of Ca metabolism. We also investigated the impact of total habitual dietary P intake on markers of Ca metabolism.DesignCross-sectional study. Fasting blood samples were collected and participants kept a 4 d food record, from which dietary intake of total P and the consumption of NP (milk and cheese, excluding processed cheese) and AP (processed cheese) sources were calculated. Participants were divided into groups according to their NP- and AP-containing food consumption and into quartiles according to their total P intake.SettingSouthern Finland.SubjectsOne hundred and forty-seven healthy premenopausal women aged 31–43 years.ResultsRelative to the lowest total dietary P quartile, mean serum parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) concentration was higher (P = 0·048, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)) and the mean serum ionized Ca concentration lower (P = 0·016, ANCOVA) in the highest P intake quartile. Mean S-PTH concentrations were higher among participants who consumed processed cheese (P = 0·027, ANCOVA) and less milk and other cheese than processed cheese (P = 0·030, ANCOVA).ConclusionsHigh total habitual dietary P intake affected S-PTH unfavourably. Furthermore, phosphate additives may have more harmful effects on bone than other P sources, as indicated by higher mean S-PTH concentration among participants who consumed AP-containing foods. Because of the high dietary P intake and current upward trend in consumption of processed foods in Western countries, these findings may have important public health implications.
Collapse
|
40
|
Low calcium:phosphorus ratio in habitual diets affects serum parathyroid hormone concentration and calcium metabolism in healthy women with adequate calcium intake. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:561-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509992121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Excessive dietary P intake alone can be deleterious to bone through increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, but adverse effects on bone increase when dietary Ca intake is low. In many countries, P intake is abundant, whereas Ca intake fails to meet recommendations; an optimal dietary Ca:P ratio is therefore difficult to achieve. Our objective was to investigate how habitual dietary Ca:P ratio affects serum PTH (S-PTH) concentration and other Ca metabolism markers in a population with generally adequate Ca intake. In this cross-sectional analysis of 147 healthy women aged 31–43 years, fasting blood samples and three separate 24-h urinary samples were collected. Participants kept a 4-d food record and were divided into quartiles according to their dietary Ca:P ratios. The 1st quartile with Ca:P molar ratio ≤ 0·50 differed significantly from the 2nd (Ca:P molar ratio 0·51–0·57), 3rd (Ca:P molar ratio 0·58–0·64) and 4th (Ca:P molar ratio ≥ 0·65) quartiles by interfering with Ca metabolism. In the 1st quartile, mean S-PTH concentration (P = 0·021) and mean urinary Ca (U-Ca) excretion were higher (P = 0·051) than in all other quartiles. These findings suggest that in habitual diets low Ca:P ratios may interfere with homoeostasis of Ca metabolism and increase bone resorption, as indicated by higher S-PTH and U-Ca levels. Because low habitual dietary Ca:P ratios are common in Western diets, more attention should be focused on decreasing excessively high dietary P intake and increasing Ca intake to the recommended level.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The striking clinical benefit of PTH in osteoporosis began a new era of skeletal anabolic agents. Several studies have been performed, new studies are emerging out and yet controversies remain on PTH anabolic action in bone. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of PTH and PTHrP signaling in light of old players and recent advances in understanding the control of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita S Datta
- Division Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun ZF, Jiang H, Ye ZQ, Jia B, Zhang XL, Zhang KQ. Expression of Rho GDIalpha in rat osteoblasts intermittently exposed to parathyroid hormone in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:1001-7. [PMID: 19575003 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanism of the bone-forming effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration and to search for novel molecules of bone anabolism via the PTH signaling pathway. METHODS Primary cultures of rat osteoblasts (ROBs) were divided into an intermittent PTH-treated group (Itm) and a control group (Ctr). Imitating the pharmacokinetics of intermittent PTH administration in vivo, the ROBs in the Itm group were exposed to PTH for 6 h in a 24-h incubation cycle, and the ROBs in the Ctr group were exposed to vehicle for the entire incubation cycle. The cells were collected at 6 h and 24 h of the final cycle, and the proteins in the Itm and Ctr groups were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with peptide mass fingerprinting and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to detect proteins that were differentially expressed. The proteins with the most significant changes in vitro were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a rat model. RESULTS The proteomics analysis indicated that a total of 26 proteins were up- or down-regulated in the Itm group compared with the Ctr group at 6 h and 24 h; among these, 15 proteins were successfully identified. These proteins mainly belong to the cytoskeleton and molecular chaperone protein families, and most of these have anti-apoptotic effects in various cells. Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor alpha (RhoGDIalpha) and vimentin were the most significantly changed proteins. Further studies by IHC showed that the expression of RhoGDIalpha in ROBs was significantly higher in PTH-treated sham-operated rats than in vehicle-treated sham-operated rats, but the difference was not significant between PTH-treated and vehicle-treated OVX rats. Vimentin expression was not changed in either PTH-treated sham-operated rats or PTH-treated OVX rats. CONCLUSION Our research suggests that intermittent PTH treatment induces changes in expression of many proteins in ROBs in vitro, and it results in RhoGDIalpha up-regulation in ROBs both in vitro and in vivo when estrogen is present. This up-regulation of RhoGDIalpha may be one of the mechanisms underlying the synergistic bone-forming effect of PTH and estrogen.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2009) 30: 1001-1007; doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.60.
Collapse
|
43
|
Casado-Díaz A, Santiago-Mora R, Jiménez R, Caballero-Villarraso J, Herrera C, Torres A, Dorado G, Quesada-Gómez JM. Cryopreserved human bone marrow mononuclear cells as a source of mesenchymal stromal cells: application in osteoporosis research. Cytotherapy 2009; 10:460-8. [PMID: 18608349 DOI: 10.1080/14653240802192644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are an invaluable tool for research and therapeutic application regarding degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis. METHODS Human MSC from cryopreserved mononuclear (c-MSC) cell populations were isolated from bone marrow (BM) and compared with MSC isolated directly from the same BM for immunophenotype, differentiation capacity and Parathormone (PTH) response. RESULTS c-MSC showed a similar immunophenotype, division and differentiation capacity as standard MSC obtained from the same BM. This capacity was maintained during various culture-growing passages. Treatment with PTH(1-34) from days 6 to 24, after c-MSC induction to osteoblasts and adipocytes, had no significant effect on osteoblastogenesis yet inhibited adipogenesis. This effect was similar in MSC from the same BM. DISCUSSION We propose cryopreservation of mononuclear cells obtained from BM as a simple and convenient means for routine storage of MSC to be used for therapeutic and research applications.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lozano D, de Castro LF, Dapía S, Andrade-Zapata I, Manzarbeitia F, Alvarez-Arroyo MV, Gómez-Barrena E, Esbrit P. Role of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the decreased osteoblast function in diabetes-related osteopenia. Endocrinology 2009; 150:2027-35. [PMID: 19196804 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A deficit in bone formation is a major factor in diabetes-related osteopenia. We examined here whether diabetes-associated changes in osteoblast phenotype might in part result from a decrease in PTH-related protein (PTHrP). We used a bone marrow ablation model in diabetic mice by multiple streptozotocin injections. PTHrP (1-36) (100 microg/kg, every other day) or vehicle was administered to mice for 13 d starting 1 wk before marrow ablation. Diabetic mice showed bone loss in both the intact femur and the regenerating tibia on d 6 after ablation; in the latter, this was related to decreased bone-forming cells, osteoid surface, and blood vessels, and increased marrow adiposity. Moreover, a decrease in matrix mineralization occurred in ex vivo bone marrow cultures from the unablated tibia from diabetic mice. These skeletal alterations were associated with decreased gene expression (by real-time PCR) of Runx2, osterix, osteocalcin, PTHrP, the PTH type 1 receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, and osteoprotegerin to receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand mRNA ratio, and increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 mRNA levels. Similar changes were induced by hyperosmotic (high glucose or mannitol) medium in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, which were mimicked by adding a neutralizing anti-PTHrP antibody or PTH type 1 receptor antagonists to these cells in normal glucose medium. PTHrP (1-36) administration reversed these changes in both intact and regenerating bones from diabetic mice in vivo, and in MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to high glucose. These findings strongly suggest that PTHrP has an important role in the altered osteoblastic function related to diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Oseo, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (Capio Group), Avenida. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Anabolic effects of PTH in cyclooxygenase-2 knockout osteoblasts in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 372:536-41. [PMID: 18501188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PTH is a potent bone anabolic agent in vivo but anabolic effects on osteoblast differentiation in vitro are difficult to demonstrate. This study examined the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin (PG) production in the effects of PTH on osteoblast differentiation in vitro using marrow stromal cell (MSC) and calvarial osteoblast (COB) cultures from COX-2 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. Cells were treated with PTH (10 nM) or vehicle throughout culture. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA levels were measured at days 14 and 21, respectively, and mineralization at day 21. cAMP concentrations were measured in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. PTH did not stimulate differentiation in cultures from WT mice but significantly increased ALP and OCN mRNA expression 6- to 7-fold in KO MSC cultures and 2- to 4-fold in KO COB cultures. PTH also increased mineralization in both KO MSC and COB cultures. Effects in KO cells were mimicked in WT MSC cultures treated with NS-398, an inhibitor of COX-2 activity. PTH increased cAMP concentrations similarly in WT and KO COBs. Differential gene responses to PTH in COX-2 KO COBs relative to WT COBs included greater fold-increases in the cAMP-mediated early response genes, c-fos and Nr4a2; increased IGF-1 mRNA expression; and decreased mRNA expression of MAP kinase phosphatase-1. PTH inhibited SOST mRNA expression 91% in COX-2 KO MSC cultures compared to 67% in WT cultures. We conclude that endogenous PGs inhibit the anabolic responses to PTH in vitro, possibly by desensitizing cAMP pathways.
Collapse
|
46
|
Pettway GJ, Meganck JA, Koh AJ, Keller ET, Goldstein SA, McCauley LK. Parathyroid hormone mediates bone growth through the regulation of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Bone 2008; 42:806-18. [PMID: 18234576 PMCID: PMC2677418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PTH (1-34) is the only FDA-approved anabolic agent for osteoporosis treatment in the U.S., but its mechanisms are not completely understood. This study investigated PTH effects on osteogenic cells at various stages of differentiation and proliferation using an engineered bone growth model in vivo. Ossicles were generated from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) implanted in immunocompromised mice. Three weeks of PTH (40 microg/kg/day) or vehicle treatment initiated 1 day, 1, 2, or 3 weeks after BMSC implantation resulted in an anabolic response in PTH-treated implants (via histomorphometry and muCT) in all treatment groups. A novel in vivo tracking strategy with luciferase tagged BMSCs and weekly bioluminescent imaging of ossicles revealed increased donor cell proliferation in PTH-treated ossicles. The greatest increase occurred during the first week, and the activity remained elevated in PTH-treated implants over time. Zoledronic acid (ZA) was combined with PTH to delineate interactive mechanisms of these bone active agents. Combining ZA with PTH treatment reduced the PTH-mediated increase in luciferase BMSC activity, serum osteocalcin, and serum tartrate resistant acid phosphotase-5b (TRAP-5b) but ZA did not reduce the PTH-induced increase in total bone. Since zoledronic acid reduced PTH-induced proliferation without reducing bone volume, these data suggest that combining PTH and bisphosphonate therapy warrants further investigation in the treatment of bone disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenda J. Pettway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry
| | - Jeffrey A. Meganck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan
| | - Amy J. Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry
| | - Evan T. Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine
| | - Steven A. Goldstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Raggatt LJ, Qin L, Tamasi J, Jefcoat SC, Shimizu E, Selvamurugan N, Liew FY, Bevelock L, Feyen JHM, Partridge NC. Interleukin-18 is regulated by parathyroid hormone and is required for its bone anabolic actions. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:6790-8. [PMID: 18165223 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709909200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) can regulate osteoblast and osteoclast function. We have identified, using cDNA microarray technology, that IL-18 expression is increased in UMR 106-01 rat osteoblastic cells in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment. Confirmation of these data using real-time reverse transcription-PCR showed that steady-state levels of IL-18 mRNA increased by 2 h (3-fold), peaked by 4 h (10-fold), and had diminished after 12 h (4.4-fold) and that this regulation was via the protein kinase A signaling pathway and did not involve activation of the PKC signal cascade. PTH regulation of IL-18 was confirmed at the protein level, and analysis of differentiating primary rat calvarial osteoblasts verified that both IL-18 mRNA and protein are regulated by PTH in primary rat osteoblasts. Promoter reporter assays revealed that PTH regulated the upstream IL-18 promoter and induced the exon 1 containing 1.1-kb IL-18 mRNA transcript in primary osteoblast cells. The in vivo physiological role of IL-18 in the anabolic actions of PTH on bone was then assessed using IL-18 knock-out mice. Female IL-18 null mice and wild-type littermate controls were injected with vehicle or 8 microg/100 g of human 1-38 PTH for 4 weeks. In IL-18 knock-out animals the anabolic effect of PTH (determined by bone mineral density changes in the proximal tibia) was abolished in trabecular bone but not in the cortical component. These data characterize the PTH regulation of IL-18 expression in osteoblastic cells and suggest that this cytokine is involved in the anabolic actions of PTH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liza J Raggatt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Aghaloo TL, Amantea CM, Cowan CM, Richardson JA, Wu BM, Parhami F, Tetradis S. Oxysterols enhance osteoblast differentiation in vitro and bone healing in vivo. J Orthop Res 2007; 25:1488-97. [PMID: 17568450 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols, naturally occurring cholesterol oxidation products, can induce osteoblast differentiation. Here, we investigated short-term 22(S)-hydroxycholesterol + 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (SS) exposure on osteoblastic differentiation of marrow stromal cells. We further explored oxysterol ability to promote bone healing in vivo. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA expression, mineralization, and Runx2 DNA binding activity. To explore the effects of osteogenic oxysterols in vivo, we utilized the critical-sized rat calvarial defect model. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds alone or coated with 140 ng (low dose) or 1400 ng (high dose) oxysterol cocktail were implanted into the defects. Rats were sacrificed at 6 weeks and examined by three-dimensional (3D) microcomputed tomography (microCT). Bone volume (BV), total volume (TV), and BV/TV ratio were measured. Culture exposure to SS for 10 min significantly increased ALP activity after 4 days, while 2 h exposure significantly increased mineralization after 14 days. Four-hour SS treatment increased OCN mRNA measured after 8 days and nuclear protein binding to an OSE2 site measured after 4 days. The calvarial defects showed slight bone healing in the control group. However, scaffolds adsorbed with low or high-dose oxysterol cocktail significantly enhanced bone formation. Histologic examination confirmed bone formation in the defect sites grafted with oxysterol-adsorbed scaffolds, compared to mostly fibrous tissue in control sites. Our results suggest that brief exposure to osteogenic oxysterols triggered events leading to osteoblastic cell differentiation and function in vitro and bone formation in vivo. These results identify oxysterols as potential agents in local and systemic enhancement of bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Aghaloo
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Room 53-068 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kemi VE, Kärkkäinen MUM, Karp HJ, Laitinen KAE, Lamberg-Allardt CJE. Increased calcium intake does not completely counteract the effects of increased phosphorus intake on bone: an acute dose–response study in healthy females. Br J Nutr 2007; 99:832-9. [PMID: 17903344 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507831783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A high dietary P intake is suggested to have negative effects on bone through increased parathyroid hormone secretion, as high serum parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) concentration increases bone resorption. In many countries the P intake is 2- to 3-fold above dietary guidelines, whereas Ca intake is too low. This combination may not be optimal for bone health. In a previous controlled study, we found that dietary P dose-dependently increased S-PTH and bone resorption and decreased bone formation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dose–response effects of Ca intake on Ca and bone metabolism with a dietary P intake higher than recommended. Each of the twelve healthy female subjects aged 21–40 years attended three 24-h study sessions, which were randomized with regard to a Ca dose of 0 (control day), 600 or 1200 mg, and each subject served as her own control. The meals on each study day provided 1850 mg P and 480 mg Ca. S-PTH concentration decreased (P < 0·001) and serum ionized Ca concentration increased (P < 0·001) with increasing Ca doses. The bone formation marker, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, did not differ significantly (P = 0·4). By contrast, the bone resorption marker, urinary N-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I, decreased significantly with both Ca doses (P = 0·008). When P intake was above current recommendations, increased Ca intake was beneficial for bone, as indicated by decreased S-PTH concentration and bone resorption. However, not even a high Ca intake could affect bone formation when P intake was excessive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virpi E Kemi
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rozen N, Lewinson D, Bick T, Jacob ZC, Stein H, Soudry M. Fracture repair: modulation of fracture-callus and mechanical properties by sequential application of IL-6 following PTH 1-34 or PTH 28-48. Bone 2007; 41:437-45. [PMID: 17599848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.04.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fracture healing presents a sequence of three major stages: inflammation and granulation tissue formation, callus formation and remodeling. Our working hypothesis was that fracture-repair might be enhanced by stimulating proliferation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the early stages of fracture healing followed by sequential acceleration of the remodeling process. In the present study we employed a novel device developed by us implementing a standardized fracture in rat tibiae. We investigated the effect of PTH 28-48 or PTH 1-34 alone or in sequence combination with IL-6 together with its soluble receptor (IL-6sR) on fracture repair. PTH 28-48 or PTH 1-34 was applied locally into the hematoma of fractures on days 4, 5 and 6 and IL-6+ its soluble receptor on days 7, 9, and 11. Post-fracture callus volume as measured 14 days post-fracture was increased significantly only by PTH 1-34 (20%; P<0.01). When one of the PTH fragments and IL-6+IL-6sR were applied sequentially callus volume was increased significantly (33%; P<0.01). X-rays radiography at 5 weeks post-fracture showed enlarged callus volume following treatment by either PTH fragments alone, and complete union following the sequential injection of both PTH fragments and IL-6+IL-6sR, only. Only the combination of one of the PTH fragments with IL-6+IL-6sR, as measured 6 weeks post-fracture by three point bending, changed dramatically the quality of the regenerating bone as presented by a 300% increase in mechanical resistance when PTH 1-34 was combined and 200% when PTH 28-48 was combined relative to vehicle-treated fractured bones. We conclude that the sequential application of IL-6+IL-6sR with both PTH fragments has the potential of enhancing fracture healing in long bones and should be further explored in preclinical and in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Rozen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, PO Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|