1
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Chen XY, Zhou G, Zhang J. Optical coherence tomography: Promising imaging technique for the diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38191786 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the latest application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in oral mucosal diseases, promoting an accurate and earlier diagnosis of such disorders, which are difficult to be differentiated. SUBJECTIVE AND METHODS References on the application of OCT in oral mucosal diseases were mainly obtained from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases, using the keywords: "optical coherence tomography and 'oral mucosa/oral cancers/oral potentially malignant diseases/oral lichen planus/oral leukoplakia/oral erythroplakia/discoid lupus erythematosus/oral autoimmune bullous diseases/oral ulcers/erythema multiforme/oral mucositis'". RESULTS It is found that OCT is showing a promising application potential in the early detection, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, monitoring of oral cancer and oral dysplastic lesions, as well as the delineation of tumor margins. OCT is also playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders, oral mucosal bullous diseases, oral ulcerative diseases, erythema multiforme, and the early detection of oral mucositis. CONCLUSION Optical coherence tomography, as a novel optical technique featured by real-time, noninvasive, dynamic and high-resolution imaging, is of great use to serve as an adjunct tool for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, monitoring and therapy evaluation of oral mucosal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Liao J, Zhang T, Li C, Huang Z. U-shaped fusion convolutional transformer based workflow for fast optical coherence tomography angiography generation in lips. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5583-5601. [PMID: 38021117 PMCID: PMC10659781 DOI: 10.1364/boe.502085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Oral disorders, including oral cancer, pose substantial diagnostic challenges due to late-stage diagnosis, invasive biopsy procedures, and the limitations of existing non-invasive imaging techniques. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) shows potential in delivering non-invasive, real-time, high-resolution vasculature images. However, the quality of OCTA images are often compromised due to motion artifacts and noise, necessitating more robust and reliable image reconstruction approaches. To address these issues, we propose a novel model, a U-shaped fusion convolutional transformer (UFCT), for the reconstruction of high-quality, low-noise OCTA images from two-repeated OCT scans. UFCT integrates the strengths of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformers, proficiently capturing both local and global image features. According to the qualitative and quantitative analysis in normal and pathological conditions, the performance of the proposed pipeline outperforms that of the traditional OCTA generation methods when only two repeated B-scans are performed. We further provide a comparative study with various CNN and transformer models and conduct ablation studies to validate the effectiveness of our proposed strategies. Based on the results, the UFCT model holds the potential to significantly enhance clinical workflow in oral medicine by facilitating early detection, reducing the need for invasive procedures, and improving overall patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Liao
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, United Kingdom
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3
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Hou H, Tang Y, Coole JB, Kortum A, Schwarz RA, Carns J, Gillenwater AM, Ramalingam P, Milbourne A, Salcedo MP, Schmeler KM, Richards-Kortum RR. Scanning darkfield high-resolution microendoscope for label-free microvascular imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5097-5112. [PMID: 37854554 PMCID: PMC10581811 DOI: 10.1364/boe.498584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of microvascular changes during neoplastic progression has the potential to assist in discriminating precancer and early cancer from benign lesions. Here, we introduce a novel high-resolution microendoscope that leverages scanning darkfield reflectance imaging to characterize angiogenesis without exogenous contrast agents. Scanning darkfield imaging is achieved by coupling programmable illumination with a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera rolling shutter, eliminating the need for complex optomechanical components and making the system portable, low-cost (<$5,500) and simple to use. Imaging depth is extended by placing a gradient-index (GRIN) lens at the distal end of the imaging fiber to resolve subepithelial microvasculature. We validated the capability of the scanning darkfield microendoscope to visualize microvasculature at different anatomic sites in vivo by imaging the oral cavity of healthy volunteers. Images of cervical specimens resected for suspected neoplasia reveal distinct microvascular patterns in columnar and squamous epithelium with different grades of precancer, indicating the potential of scanning darkfield microendoscopy to aid in efforts to prevent cervical cancer through early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Hou
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Yubo Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jackson B. Coole
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Alex Kortum
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Carns
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ann M. Gillenwater
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Preetha Ramalingam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Milbourne
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mila P. Salcedo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)/Santa Casa Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kathleen M. Schmeler
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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4
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Zhang T, Shepherd S, Huang Z, Macluskey M, Li C. Development of an intraoral handheld optical coherence tomography-based angiography probe for multi-site oral imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4857-4860. [PMID: 37707921 DOI: 10.1364/ol.497080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer, primarily oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), is a major health concern worldwide. The current gold standard for the diagnosis of OSCC is biopsy and histopathological analysis, which is invasive and can place a huge financial burden on the healthcare system. Optical coherence tomography-based angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging technique that shows promise as an imaging modality to aid the diagnosis of OSCC. This Letter outlines the development of a handheld intraoral OCT probe applied to a swept-source OCT system with an angiography function for oral applications. The probe has a thin body with a diameter of 17.8 mm and a two-lens system with a working distance that is adjustable from 20.92 mm to 24.08 mm, a field of view 9 mm in diameter, an imaging depth of ∼1.7 mm, and resolutions of 39.38 µm (laterally) and 33.37 µm (axially). This probe was used to scan 14 oral sites to evaluate its ability to scan various sites in the oral cavity. This system has the potential to reduce invasive procedures and aid early OSCC diagnosis.
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5
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Le N, Lu J, Tang P, Chung KH, Subhash H, Kilpatrick-Liverman L, Wang RK. Intraoral optical coherence tomography and angiography combined with autofluorescence for dental assessment. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3629-3646. [PMID: 35781964 PMCID: PMC9208603 DOI: 10.1364/boe.460575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There remains a clinical need for an accurate and non-invasive imaging tool for intraoral evaluation of dental conditions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a potential candidate to meet this need, but the design of current OCT systems limits their utility in the intraoral examinations. The inclusion of light-induced autofluorescence (LIAF) can expedite the image collection process and provides a large field of view for viewing the condition of oral tissues. This study describes a novel LIAF-OCT system equipped with a handheld probe designed for intraoral examination of microstructural (via OCT) and microvascular information (via OCT angiography, OCTA). The handheld probe is optimized for use in clinical studies, maintaining the ability to detect and image changes in the condition of oral tissue (e.g., hard tissue damage, presence of dental restorations, plaque, and tooth stains). The real-time LIAF provides guidance for OCT imaging to achieve a field of view of approximately 6.9 mm × 7.8 mm, and a penetration depth of 1.5 mm to 3 mm depending on the scattering property of the target oral tissue. We demonstrate that the proposed system is successful in capturing reliable depth-resolved images from occlusal and palatal surfaces and offers added design features that can enhance its usability in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Le
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this
work
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this
work
| | - Peijun Tang
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | - Kwok-Hung Chung
- Department of Restorative Dentistry,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | | | | | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
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Yi L, Jeon HH, Li C, Boucher N, Chung CH. Transverse Growth of the Maxillo-Mandibular Complex in Untreated Children: A Longitudinal Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21196378. [PMID: 34640696 PMCID: PMC8512966 DOI: 10.3390/s21196378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the longitudinal transverse growth of the maxillo-mandibular complex in untreated children using the Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Two sets of scans on 12 males (mean 8.75 years at T1 and 11.52 years at T2) and 18 females (mean 9.09 years at T1 and 10.80 years at T2) were analyzed using Dolphin 3D imaging. The transverse widths of various maxillary and mandibular skeletal landmarks and the dentoalveolar and dental landmarks at the level of first molars were measured. Overall, there were greater increases in the transverse dimension in the posterior than anterior portions of the maxilla and mandible. The increase in intergonial width of the mandible seems to be primarily due to the lengthening of the mandibular body. The dentoalveolar process at the first molar level increases at an equal rate corono-apically and is independent to the changes in molar inclination. When comparing maxillary dentoalveolar changes with that of the mandible, greater increases were noticed in the maxilla, which might be explained by the presence of sutural growth in the maxilla. Moreover, the first molars maintain their coordination with each other despite the differential increase in the maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolar processes.
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7
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Yang Z, Shang J, Liu C, Zhang J, Liang Y. Classification of Salivary Gland Tumors Based on Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:830-837. [PMID: 33442913 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Visual inspection is the primary diagnostic method for oral diseases, and its accuracy of diagnosis mainly depends on surgeons' experience. Histological examination is still the golden standard, but it is invasive and time-consuming. In order to address these issues, as a noninvasive imaging technique, optical coherence tomography (OCT) can differentiate oral tissue with advantages of real-time, in situ, and high resolution. The aim of this study is to explore optimal quantitative parameters in OCT images to distinguish different salivary gland tumors. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS OCT images of four salivary gland tumors were obtained from 14 patients, including mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), basal cell adenoma (BCA), and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Two parameters of optical attenuation coefficient (OAC) and standard deviation (SD) along the depth of OCT signal were combined to create a computational model of classification, and sensitivity/specificity of classification was calculated statistically to evaluate their results. RESULTS A total of 5,919 two-dimensional (2D) OCT images were used for quantitative analysis. The classification sensitivities of 89.6%, 95.0%, 89.5%, 97.8%, and specificities of 97.6%, 99.0%, 98.0%, 98.2%, respectively, were obtained for MC, ACC, BCA, and PA, with the thresholds of 3.6 mm-1 based on OAC and 0.22/0.18 based on SD. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that OAC and SD could be considered as important parameters in quantitative analysis of OCT images for salivary gland tissue characterization and intraoperative diagnosis. It is of great potential value in promoting the application of this method based on OCT in clinical practice. Lasers Surg. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianwei Shang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital; Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Yanmei Liang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
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8
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Imaging Motion: A Comprehensive Review of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1310:343-365. [PMID: 33834441 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a three-dimensional (3-D) optical imaging technology that provides noninvasive, micrometer resolution images of structural interiors within biological samples with an approximately 1 ~ 2 mm penetration depth. Over the last decades, advances in OCT have revolutionized biomedical imaging by demonstrating a potential of optical biopsy in preclinical and clinical settings. Recently, functional OCT imaging has shown a promise as angiography to visualize cell-perfused vasculatures in the tissue bed in vivo without requiring any exogenous contrast agents. This new technology termed OCT angiography (OCTA) possesses a unique imaging capability of delineating tissue morphology and blood or lymphatic vessels down to capillaries at real-time acquisition rates. For the past 10 years since 2007, OCTA has been proven to be a useful tool to identify disorder or dysfunction in tissue microcirculation from both experimental animal studies and clinical studies in ophthalmology and dermatology. In this section, we overview about OCTA including a basic principle of OCTA explained with simple optical physics, and its scan protocols and post-processing algorithms for acquisition of angiography. Then, potential and challenge of OCTA for clinical settings are shown with outcomes of human studies.
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9
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Dental Diagnosis and Treatment Assessments: Between X-rays Radiography and Optical Coherence Tomography. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214825. [PMID: 33126714 PMCID: PMC7662893 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A correct diagnosis in dental medicine is typically provided only after clinical and radiological evaluations. They are also required for treatment assessments. The aim of this study is to establish the boundaries from which a modern, although established, imaging technique, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), is more suitable than the common X-ray radiography to assess dental issues and treatments. The most common methods for daily-basis clinical imaging are utilized in this study for extracted teeth (but also for other dental samples and materials), i.e., panoramic, intraoral radiography, and three-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The advantages of using OCT as an imaging method in dentistry are discussed, with a focus on its superior image resolution. Drawbacks related to its limited penetration depth and Field-of-View (FOV) are pointed out. High-quality radiological investigations are performed, measurements are done, and data collected. The same teeth and samples are also imaged (mostly) with an in-house developed Swept Source (SS)-OCT system, Master-Slave enhanced. Some of the OCT investigations employed two other in-house developed OCT systems, Spectral Domain (SD) and Time Domain (TD). Dedicated toolbars from Romexis software (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) are used to perform measurements using both radiography and OCT. Clinical conclusions are drawn from the investigations. Upsides and downsides of the two medical imaging techniques are concluded for each type of considered diagnosis. For treatment assessments, it is concluded that OCT is more appropriate than radiography in all applications, except bone-related investigations and periodontitis that demand data from higher-penetration depths than possible with the current level of OCT technology.
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10
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Identification of oral cancer in OCT images based on an optical attenuation model. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1999-2007. [PMID: 32335743 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Surgery is still the first choice to treat oral cancer, where it is important to detect surgical margins in order to reduce cancer recurrence and maintain oral-maxillofacial function simultaneously. As a non-invasive and in situ imaging technique, optical coherence tomography (OCT) can obtain images close to the resolution of histopathology, which makes it have great potential in intraoperative diagnosis. However, it is not enough to find surgical margins accurately just observing OCT images directly and qualitatively. The purpose of this study is to identify oral cancer in OCT images by investigating the quantitative difference of cancer and non-cancer tissue. Based on an available optical attenuation model and the axial confocal PSF of a home-made swept source OCT system, by using fresh ex vivo human oral tissues from 14 patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as the samples, diagnosis with sensitivity (97.88%) and specificity (83.77%) was achieved at the attenuation threshold of 4.7 mm-1, and the accuracy of identification reached 91.15% in our study. Our preliminary results demonstrated that the oral cancer resection will be guided accurately and the clinical application of OCT will be further promoted by deeply mining the information hidden in OCT images.
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11
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Li K, Yang Z, Liang W, Shang J, Liang Y, Wan S. Low-cost, ultracompact handheld optical coherence tomography probe for in vivo oral maxillofacial tissue imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-13. [PMID: 32314560 PMCID: PMC7167599 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.4.046003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has proven useful for detecting various oral maxillofacial abnormalities. To apply it to clinical applications including biopsy guidance and routine screening, a handheld imaging probe is indispensable. OCT probes reported for oral maxillofacial imaging were either based on a bulky galvanometric mirror pair (not compact or long enough) or a distal-end microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner (raised safety concerns), or adapted from fiber-optic catheters (ill-suited for oral cavity geometry). AIM To develop a handheld probe featuring great compactness and excellent maneuverability for oral maxillofacial tissue imaging. APPROACH A dual-axis MEMS scanner was deployed at the proximal end of the probe and the scanned beam was relayed to the distal end through a 4f configuration. Such design provides both a perfect dual-axis telecentric scan and excellent compactness. RESULTS A handheld probe with a rigid part 70 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter and weighing 25 g in total was demonstrated through both ex vivo and in vivo experiments, including structural visualization of various oral maxillofacial tissues and monitoring the recovery process of an oral mucosa canker sore. CONCLUSIONS The proposed probe exhibits excellent maneuverability and imaging performance showing great potential in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Li
- Southeast University, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Nankai University, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxuan Liang
- Columbia University, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, United States
| | - Jianwei Shang
- Nankai University, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Oral Pathology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Liang
- Nankai University, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin, China
- Address all correspondence to Yanmei Liang, E-mail: ; Suiren Wan, E-mail:
| | - Suiren Wan
- Southeast University, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Address all correspondence to Yanmei Liang, E-mail: ; Suiren Wan, E-mail:
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12
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Chen PH, Chen YJ, Chen YF, Yeh YC, Chang KW, Hou MC, Kuo WC. Quantification of structural and microvascular changes for diagnosing early-stage oral cancer. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1244-1256. [PMID: 32206406 PMCID: PMC7075615 DOI: 10.1364/boe.384608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Changes in mucosal microvascular networks, called intraepithelial papillary capillary loops (IPCL), are an important key factor for diagnosing early-stage oral cancer in vivo. Nevertheless, there are a lack of tools to quantify these changes objectively. This is the first study to quantify the IPCL changes in vivo to differentiate benign or malignant oral lesions by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique. K14-EGFP-miR-211-GFP transgenic mice were inducted by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide to produce oral carcinogenesis in different stages, including normal, premalignancy and cancer. The results showed significant differentiation between benign or malignant lesions by OCT quantitative parameters, including epithelial thickness, IPCL density, radius and tortuosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsien Chen
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yi-Fen Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Kuo
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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13
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Liu J, Li Y, Yu Y, Yuan X, Lv H, Liu L, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ma Z. Simultaneous detection of cerebral blood perfusion and cerebral edema using swept-source optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960087. [PMID: 31702865 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The progression of ischemic cerebral edema (CE) is closely related to the level of cerebral blood perfusion (CBP) and affects each other. Simultaneous detection of CBP and CE is helpful in understanding the mechanisms of ischemic CE development. In this article, a wide field of view swept-source optical coherence tomography system was used to detect CE status and CBP levels simultaneously in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Images reflecting these two physiological states can be reconstructed with only one C-scan. We quantify these two physiological states into four parameters, which contain two vascular parameters (vascular displacement distance and vascular perfusion density) and two edema parameters (optical attenuation coefficient and edema area). The association between the two vascular parameters and the two edema parameters was analyzed. The results show that there is a strong linear relationship between blood flow parameters and edema parameters. This work provides a new option for CE in vivo detection, and is very likely to play an important role in the development of relevant drugs or in selection of treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yao Yu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xincheng Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hongyu Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhenhe Ma
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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Liu J, Li Y, Yu Y, Yuan X, Lv H, Zhao Y, Ma Z. Cerebral edema detection in vivo after middle cerebral artery occlusion using swept-source optical coherence tomography. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:045007. [PMID: 31720312 PMCID: PMC6835117 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.4.045007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral edema is a severe complication of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, which can lead to microcirculation compression resulting in additional ischemic damage. Real-time and continuous in vivo imaging techniques for edema detection are of great significance to basic research on cerebral edema. We attempted to monitor the cerebral edema status in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) over time, using a wide field-of-view swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system. Optical attenuation coefficients (OACs) were calculated by an optimized depth-resolved estimation method, and en face OAC maps covering the whole cortex were obtained. Then, the tissue affected by edema was segmented from the OAC maps, and the cortical area affected by edema was estimated. Both magnetic resonance image (MRI) and brain water content measurements were used to verify the presence of cerebral edema. The results showed that the average OAC of the ischemic area gradually decreased as cerebral edema progressed, and the edema area detected by SS-OCT had high similarity in position and shape to that obtained by MRI. This work extends the application of OCT and provides an option for detecting cerebral edema in vivo after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, School of Control Engineering, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yan Li
- Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, School of Control Engineering, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yao Yu
- Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, School of Control Engineering, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xincheng Yuan
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Hongyu Lv
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, School of Control Engineering, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhenhe Ma
- Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, School of Control Engineering, Qinhuangdao, China
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15
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Liu J, Ding N, Yu Y, Liu L, Yuan X, Lv H, Zhao Y, Ma Z. Whole-brain microcirculation detection after ischemic stroke based on swept-source optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900122. [PMID: 31095859 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of ischemic stroke are closely related to cerebral blood flow. Real-time monitoring of cerebral perfusion level is very useful for understanding the mechanisms of the disease. A wide field of view (FOV) is conducive to capturing lesions and observing the progression of the disease. In this paper, we attempt to monitor the whole-brain microcirculation in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats over time using a wide FOV swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) system. A constrained image registration algorithm is used to remove motion artifacts that are prone to occur in a wide FOV angiography. During ischemia, cerebral perfusion levels in the left and right hemispheres, as well as in the whole brain were quantified and compared. Changes in the shape and location of blood vessels were also recorded. The results showed that the trend in cerebral perfusion levels of both hemispheres was highly consistent during MCAO, and the position of the blood vessels varied over time. This work will provide new insights of ischemic stroke and is helpful to assess the effectiveness of potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Yu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xincheng Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hongyu Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhenhe Ma
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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16
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Stasio DD, Lauritano D, Iquebal H, Romano A, Gentile E, Lucchese A. Measurement of Oral Epithelial Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9030090. [PMID: 31390841 PMCID: PMC6787684 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a real-time, in-situ, non-invasive imaging device that is able to perform a cross-sectional evaluation of tissue microstructure based on the specific intensity of back-scattered and reflected light. The aim of the present study was to define normal values of epithelial thickness within the oral cavity. OCT measurements of epithelial thickness were performed in 28 healthy patients at six different locations within the oral cavity. Image analysis was performed using Image J 1.52 software. The healthy epithelium has a mean thickness of 335.59 ± 150.73 µm. According to its location within the oral cavity, the epithelium showed highest values in the region of the buccal mucosa (659.79 µm) and the thinnest one was observed in the mouth’s floor (100.07 µm). OCT has been shown to be useful for the evaluation of oral mucosa in vivo and in real time. Our study provides reference values for the epithelial thickness of multiple sites within the oral cavity. Knowledge of the thickness values of healthy mucosa is, therefore, of fundamental importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania-Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Dorina Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Neuroscience of Milan, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Hasan Iquebal
- ECU School of Dental Medicine, 1851 MacGregor Downs Road, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania-Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Enrica Gentile
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania-Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania-Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
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17
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Choi WJ, Pepple KL, Wang RK. Automated three-dimensional cell counting method for grading uveitis of rodent eye in vivo with optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800140. [PMID: 29797544 PMCID: PMC6158070 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical vision research, cell grading in small animal models is essential for the quantitative evaluation of intraocular inflammation. Here, we present a new and practical optical coherence tomography (OCT) image analysis method for the automated detection and counting of aqueous cells in the anterior chamber (AC) of a rodent model of uveitis. Anterior segment OCT images are acquired with a 100 kHz swept-source OCT system. The proposed method consists of 2 steps. In the first step, we first despeckle and binarize each OCT image. After removing AS structures in the binary image, we then apply area thresholding to isolate cell-like objects. Potential cell candidates are selected based on their best fit to roundness. The second step performs the cell counting within the whole AC, in which additional cell tracking analysis is conducted on the successive OCT images to eliminate redundancy in cell counting. Finally, 3D cell grading using the proposed method is demonstrated in longitudinal OCT imaging of a mouse model of anterior uveitis in vivo. Rendering of anterior segment (orange) of mouse eye and automatically counted anterior chamber cells (green). Inset is a top view of the rendering, showing the cell distribution across the anterior chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo June Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of ICT Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kathryn L. Pepple
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Corresponding author:
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18
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Chen PH, Wu CH, Chen YF, Yeh YC, Lin BH, Chang KW, Lai PY, Hou MC, Lu CL, Kuo WC. Combination of structural and vascular optical coherence tomography for differentiating oral lesions of mice in different carcinogenesis stages. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:1461-1476. [PMID: 29675295 PMCID: PMC5905899 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Differentiating between early malignancy and benign lesions in oral cavities is difficult using current optical tools. As has been shown in previous studies, microvascular changes in squamous epithelium can be regarded as a key marker for diagnosis. We propose the combination of structural and vascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging for the investigation of disease related changes. Progressive thickness changes of epithelium and the destruction of underlying lamina propria was observed during cancer development in a 4- nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) mouse model. At the same time, microvascular changes in hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and advanced cancer were observed. Findings from OCT imaging were compared with histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hisen Chen
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University School, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Lin
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Lai
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University School, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Lu
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University School, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Kuo
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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19
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Maslennikova AV, Sirotkina MA, Moiseev AA, Finagina ES, Ksenofontov SY, Gelikonov GV, Matveev LA, Kiseleva EB, Zaitsev VY, Zagaynova EV, Feldchtein FI, Gladkova ND, Vitkin A. In-vivo longitudinal imaging of microvascular changes in irradiated oral mucosa of radiotherapy cancer patients using optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16505. [PMID: 29184130 PMCID: PMC5705675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is the limiting toxicity of radio(chemo)therapy of head and neck cancer. Diagnostics, prophylaxis and correction of this condition demand new accurate and objective approaches. Here we report on an in vivo longitudinal monitoring of the oral mucosa dynamics in 25 patients during the course of radiotherapy of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancer using multifunctional optical coherence tomography (OCT). A spectral domain OCT system with a specially-designed oral imaging probe was used. Microvasculature visualization was based on temporal speckle variations of the full complex signal evaluated by high-pass filtering of 3D data along the slow scan axis. Angiographic image quantification demonstrated an increase of the vascular density and total length of capillary-like-vessels before visual signs or clinical symptoms of mucositis occur. Especially significant microvascular changes compared to their initial levels occurred when grade two and three mucositis developed. Further, microvascular reaction was seen to be dose-level dependent. OCT monitoring in radiotherapy offers a non-invasive, convenient, label-free quantifiable structural and functional volumetric imaging method suitable for longitudinal human patient studies, furnishing fundamental radiobiological insights and potentially providing useful feedback data to enable adaptive radiotherapy (ART).
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Maslennikova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky University, Gagarin Ave 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - M A Sirotkina
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - A A Moiseev
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E S Finagina
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - S Y Ksenofontov
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - G V Gelikonov
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - L A Matveev
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E B Kiseleva
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V Y Zaitsev
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E V Zagaynova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - F I Feldchtein
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - N D Gladkova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A Vitkin
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- University of Toronto and University Health Network, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
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20
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Tsai MT, Chen Y, Lee CY, Huang BH, Trung NH, Lee YJ, Wang YL. Noninvasive structural and microvascular anatomy of oral mucosae using handheld optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5001-5012. [PMID: 29188097 PMCID: PMC5695947 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using a handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) for in vivo visualizations of the microstructural and microvascular features of various oral mucosal types. To scan arbitrary locations of the oral mucosa, a scanning probe was developed, composed of a probe body fabricated by a 3D printer, miniaturized two-axis galvanometer, relay lenses, and reflective prism. With a 3D printing technique, the probe weight and the system volume were greatly reduced, enabling the effective improvement of imaging artifacts from unconscious motion and system complexity. Additionally, in our design, the distal end of the probe can be switched to fit various oral conditions, and the optical parameters of the probe, such as the transverse resolution, working distance, and probe length can be easily varied. The results showed that the epithelium and lamina propria layers, as well as the fungiform papilla and salivary gland, were differentiated. Moreover, various microcirculation features at different mucosal sites were identified that are potentially effective indicators for the diagnosis of premalignant lesions. The demonstrated results indicate that the developed OCT system is a promising tool for noninvasive imaging of oral mucosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tsan Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 33305 Taiwan
| | - Yingdan Chen
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
- School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 31108 China
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Bo-Huei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Nguyen Hoang Trung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Lee
- Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Li Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33378 Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
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21
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Wei W, Choi WJ, Wang RK. Microvascular imaging and monitoring of human oral cavity lesions in vivo by swept-source OCT-based angiography. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:123-134. [PMID: 29038969 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of optical coherence tomography- (OCT) based angiography (OCTA) to image blood flow within microcirculatory tissue beds in human oral cavity in vivo with a field of view at 10 mm × 10 mm. Three-dimensional (3D) structural and vascular images of labial mucosa tissue are obtained at a single 3D acquisition. Pathologic mucosal sites with mouth ulcers are examined using the OCT tomograms and angiograms, upon which to monitor the lesion healing process over a period of 2 weeks. Quantitative metrics of the capillary loop density within the lamina propria layer are evaluated, providing statistically significant difference between healthy and diseased conditions over time. Furthermore, tissue anatomy and vessel morphology of other susceptible sites to ulcer, such as tongue, alveolar mucosa, and labial frenulum, are also imaged to demonstrate the promise of the proposed method as a clinically useful tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic treatment of oral tissue abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Woo June Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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22
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Gentile E, Maio C, Romano A, Laino L, Lucchese A. The potential role of in vivo optical coherence tomography for evaluating oral soft tissue: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:864-876. [PMID: 28477348 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in dentistry enabled the integration of already existing clinical and laboratory investigations in the study of the oral cavity. This systematic review presents an overview of the literature, to evaluate the usefulness of in vivo OCT for diagnosing oral soft tissues lesions, to compare the OCT results with traditional histology, and to identify limitations in prior studies so as to improve OCT applications. METHODS We performed a review of the literature using different search engines (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) employing MeSH terms such as "optical coherence tomography" and "OCT" in conjunction with other terms. We utilized the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) method to define our study eligibility criteria. RESULTS Initial results were 3155. In conclusion, there were only 27 studies which met our selection criteria. We decided to allocate the 27 selected items into three groups: healthy mucosa; benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions; and oral manifestations of systemic therapies or pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although the OCT is an easy-to-perform test and it offers an attractive diagnostic and monitoring prospect for soft tissues of the oral cavity, further studies are needed to complete the current knowledge of this imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Gentile
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania - Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Maio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania - Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania - Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania - Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania - Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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23
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Baran U, Choi WJ, Wang RK. Potential use of OCT-based microangiography in clinical dermatology. Skin Res Technol 2016; 22:238-246. [PMID: 26335451 PMCID: PMC4777681 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a revolutionary imaging technique used commonly in ophthalmology, and on the way to become clinically viable alternative in dermatology due to its capability of acquiring histopathology level details of in vivo tissue, non-invasively. In this study, we demonstrate the capabilities of OCT-based microangiography in detecting high resolution, three-dimensional structural, and microvascular features of in vivo human skin with various conditions. METHODS A swept-source OCT system that operates on a central wavelength of 1310 nm with an A-line rate of 100 kHz is used in this study. We apply optical microangiography (OMAG) technique to visualize the structural and microvascular changes in tissue. RESULTS OMAG images provide detailed visualization of functional microvasculature of healthy human skin from cheek and forehead areas, abnormal skin conditions from face, chest and belly. Moreover, OMAG is capable of monitoring the progress of wound healing on human skin from arm, delivering unprecedented detail of microstructural and microvascular information during longitudinal wound healing process. CONCLUSION The presented results promise the clinical use of OCT angiography, aiming to treat prevalent cutaneous diseases, by detecting blood perfusion, and structural changes within human skin, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Baran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Woo June Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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24
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Choi WJ, Wang RK. Swept-source optical coherence tomography powered by a 1.3-μm vertical cavity surface emitting laser enables 2.3-mm-deep brain imaging in mice in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:106004. [PMID: 26447860 PMCID: PMC4689103 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.10.106004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report noninvasive, in vivo optical imaging deep within a mouse brain by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), enabled by a 1.3-μm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). VCSEL SS-OCT offers a constant signal sensitivity of 105 dB throughout an entire depth of 4.25 mm in air, ensuring an extended usable imaging depth range of more than 2 mm in turbid biological tissue. Using this approach, we show deep brain imaging in mice with an open-skull cranial window preparation, revealing intact mouse brain anatomy from the superficial cerebral cortex to the deep hippocampus. VCSEL SS-OCT would be applicable to small animal studies for the investigation of deep tissue compartments in living brains where diseases such as dementia and tumor can take their toll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo June Choi
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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25
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Lee AMD, Cahill L, Liu K, MacAulay C, Poh C, Lane P. Wide-field in vivo oral OCT imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2664-74. [PMID: 26203389 PMCID: PMC4505717 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We have built a polarization-sensitive swept source Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) instrument capable of wide-field in vivo imaging in the oral cavity. This instrument uses a hand-held side-looking fiber-optic rotary pullback catheter that can cover two dimensional tissue imaging fields approximately 2.5 mm wide by up to 90 mm length in a single image acquisition. The catheter spins at 100 Hz with pullback speeds up to 15 mm/s allowing imaging of areas up to 225 mm(2) field-of-view in seconds. A catheter sheath and two optional catheter sheath holders have been designed to allow imaging at all locations within the oral cavity. Image quality of 2-dimensional image slices through the data can be greatly enhanced by averaging over the orthogonal dimension to reduce speckle. Initial in vivo imaging results reveal a wide-field view of features such as epithelial thickness and continuity of the basement membrane that may be useful in clinic for chair-side management of oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. D. Lee
- Department of Integrative Oncology - Cancer Imaging Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Lucas Cahill
- Department of Integrative Oncology - Cancer Imaging Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kelly Liu
- Department of Integrative Oncology - Cancer Imaging Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Calum MacAulay
- Department of Integrative Oncology - Cancer Imaging Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Catherine Poh
- Department of Integrative Oncology - Cancer Imaging Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pierre Lane
- Department of Integrative Oncology - Cancer Imaging Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
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Xu X, Teng X. Effect of fibrinogen on blood coagulation detected by optical coherence tomography. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:4185-95. [PMID: 25955503 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/10/4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated that an optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique and the parameter 1/e light penetration depth (d1/e) were able to characterize the whole blood coagulation process in contrast to existing optical tests that are performed on plasma samples. To evaluate the feasibility of the technique for quantifying the effect of fibrinogen (Fbg) on blood coagulation, a dynamic study of d1/e of blood in various Fbg concentrations was performed in static state. Two groups of blood samples of hematocrit (HCT) in 35, 45, and 55% were reconstituted of red blood cells with: 1) treated plasma with its intrinsic Fbg removed and commercial Fbg added (0-8 g L(-1)); and 2) native plasma with commercial Fbg added (0-8 g L(-1)). The results revealed a typical behavior due to coagulation induced by calcium ions and the clotting time is Fbg concentration-dependent. The clotting time was decreased by the increasing amount of Fbg in both groups. Besides, the blood of lower HCT with various levels of Fbg took shorter time to coagulate than that of higher HCT. Consequently, the OCT method is a useful and promising tool for the detection of blood-coagulation processes induced with different Fbg levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqun Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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Recent developments in vascular imaging techniques in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:783983. [PMID: 25821821 PMCID: PMC4363824 DOI: 10.1155/2015/783983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adequate vascularisation is key in determining the clinical outcome of stem cells and engineered tissue in regenerative medicine. Numerous imaging modalities have been developed and used for the visualization of vascularisation in tissue engineering. In this review, we briefly discuss the very recent advances aiming at high performance imaging of vasculature. We classify the vascular imaging modalities into three major groups: nonoptical methods (X-ray, magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and positron emission imaging), optical methods (optical coherence, fluorescence, multiphoton, and laser speckle imaging), and hybrid methods (photoacoustic imaging). We then summarize the strengths and challenges of these methods for preclinical and clinical applications.
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Yoon Y, Jang WH, Xiao P, Kim B, Wang T, Li Q, Lee JY, Chung E, Kim KH. In vivo wide-field reflectance/fluorescence imaging and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography of human oral cavity with a forward-viewing probe. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:524-35. [PMID: 25780742 PMCID: PMC4354576 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report multimodal imaging of human oral cavity in vivo based on simultaneous wide-field reflectance/fluorescence imaging and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) with a forward-viewing imaging probe. Wide-field reflectance/fluorescence imaging and PS-OCT were to provide both morphological and fluorescence information on the surface, and structural and birefringent information below the surface respectively. The forward-viewing probe was designed to access the oral cavity through the mouth with dimensions of approximately 10 mm in diameter and 180 mm in length. The probe had field of view (FOV) of approximately 5.5 mm in diameter, and adjustable depth of field (DOF) from 2 mm to 10 mm by controlling numerical aperture (NA) in the detection path. This adjustable DOF was to accommodate both requirements for image-based guiding with high DOF and high-resolution, high-sensitivity imaging with low DOF. This multimodal imaging system was characterized by using a tissue phantom and a mouse model in vivo, and was applied to human oral cavity. Information of surface morphology and vasculature, and under-surface layered structure and birefringence of the oral cavity tissues was obtained. These results showed feasibility of this multimodal imaging system as a tool for studying oral cavity lesions in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoreum Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784,
South Korea
| | - Won Hyuk Jang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784,
South Korea
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784,
South Korea
| | - Bumju Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784,
South Korea
| | - Taejun Wang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784,
South Korea
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784,
South Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137–040,
South Korea
| | - Euiheon Chung
- Department of Medical System Engineering and School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712,
South Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784,
South Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784,
South Korea
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