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Remenschneider A, Cheng JT. Contemporary Mechanics of Conductive Hearing Loss. OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY--HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2024; 35:2-10. [PMID: 38680732 PMCID: PMC11052546 DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The middle ear plays a critical role for the conversion of acoustic energy to mechanical vibrations that subsequently enter the cochlea. It is middle ear impedance matching through ossicular coupling that has enabled land-dwelling vertebrates to hear soft airborne sounds. Conductive hearing loss may result from damage to the delicate middle ear structures following infection, trauma or rapid pressure changes. An understanding of the mechanics of the middle ear significantly improves the oto-surgeon's ability to effectively diagnose conductive hearing loss, localize the responsible lesion and then effectively correct the conduction abnormality. This article reviews some of the basic knowledge of middle ear mechanics for sound transmission, highlights recent advances in developing new techniques to assist in diagnosis of middle ear disease, and finally sheds light on future research aimed at improving the diagnosis and management of middle ear pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Remenschneider
- Department of otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey Tao Cheng
- Department of otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
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2
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Liu P, Steuer S, Golde J, Morgenstern J, Hu Y, Schieffer C, Ossmann S, Kirsten L, Bodenstedt S, Pfeiffer M, Speidel S, Koch E, Neudert M. The Dresden in vivo OCT dataset for automatic middle ear segmentation. Sci Data 2024; 11:242. [PMID: 38409278 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a non-invasive approach to perform the morphological and functional assessment of the middle ear in vivo. However, interpreting such OCT images is challenging and time-consuming due to the shadowing of preceding structures. Deep neural networks have emerged as a promising tool to enhance this process in multiple aspects, including segmentation, classification, and registration. Nevertheless, the scarcity of annotated datasets of OCT middle ear images poses a significant hurdle to the performance of neural networks. We introduce the Dresden in vivo OCT Dataset of the Middle Ear (DIOME) featuring 43 OCT volumes from both healthy and pathological middle ears of 29 subjects. DIOME provides semantic segmentations of five crucial anatomical structures (tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes and promontory), and sparse landmarks delineating the salient features of the structures. The availability of these data facilitates the training and evaluation of algorithms regarding various analysis tasks with middle ear OCT images, e.g. diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC Dresden), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Svea Steuer
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Golde
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Morgenstern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Ear Research Center Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yujia Hu
- Department of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC Dresden), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catherina Schieffer
- Ear Research Center Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Ossmann
- Ear Research Center Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Kirsten
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bodenstedt
- Department of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC Dresden), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Micha Pfeiffer
- Department of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC Dresden), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Speidel
- Department of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC Dresden), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Neudert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Ear Research Center Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Meenderink SWF, Warn M, Anchondo LM, Liu Y, Jung TTK, Dong W. Assessment of middle ear structure and function with optical coherence tomography. Acta Otolaryngol 2023; 143:558-562. [PMID: 37366291 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2023.2224846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current clinical tests for middle ear (ME) injuries and related conductive hearing loss (CHL) are lengthy and costly, lacking the ability to noninvasively evaluate both structure and function in real time. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides both, but its application to the audiological clinic is currently limited. OBJECTIVE Adapt and use a commercial Spectral-Domain OCT (SD-OCT) to evaluate anatomy and sound-evoked vibrations of the tympanic membrane (TM) and ossicles in the human ME. MATERIALS AND METHODS SD-OCT was used to capture high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) ME images and measure sound-induced vibrations of the TM and ossicles in fresh human temporal bones. RESULTS The 3D images provided thickness maps of the TM. The system was, with some software adaptations, also capable of phase-sensitive vibrometry. Measurements revealed several modes of TM vibration that became more complex with frequency. Vibrations were also measured from the incus, through the TM. This quantified ME sound transmission, which is the essential measure to assess CHL. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE We adapted a commercial SD-OCT to visualize the anatomy and function of the human ME. OCT has the potential to revolutionize point-of-care assessment of ME disruptions that lead to CHL which are otherwise indistinguishable via otoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Warn
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Timothy T K Jung
- VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Wei Dong
- VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Farrell JD, Wang J, MacDougall D, Yang X, Brewer K, Couvreur F, Shoman N, Morris DP, Adamson RBA. Geometrically accurate real-time volumetric visualization of the middle ear using optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:3152-3171. [PMID: 37497518 PMCID: PMC10368046 DOI: 10.1364/boe.488845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel system for geometrically accurate, continuous, live, volumetric middle ear optical coherence tomography imaging over a 10.9mm×30∘×30∘ field of view (FOV) from a handheld imaging probe. The system employs a discretized spiral scanning (DC-SC) pattern to rapidly collect volumetric data and applies real-time scan conversion and lateral angular distortion correction to reduce geometric inaccuracies to below the system's lateral resolution over 92% of the FOV. We validate the geometric accuracy of the resulting images through comparison with co-registered micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) volumes of a phantom target and a cadaveric middle ear. The system's real-time volumetric imaging capabilities are assessed by imaging the ear of a healthy subject while performing dynamic pressurization of the middle ear in a Valsalva maneuver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Farrell
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Junzhe Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dan MacDougall
- Audioptics Medical Incorporated, 1344 Summer St, Halifax NS, B3H 0A8, Canada
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kimberly Brewer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Microbiology & Immunology, Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Floor Couvreur
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, AZ Sint-Jan’s Hospital, Ruddershove 10, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
| | - Nael Shoman
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David P Morris
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Robert B. A. Adamson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Golabbakhsh M, Wang X, MacDougall D, Farrell J, Landry T, Funnell WRJ, Adamson R. Finite-Element Modelling Based on Optical Coherence Tomography and Corresponding X-ray MicroCT Data for Three Human Middle Ears. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023; 24:339-363. [PMID: 37165211 PMCID: PMC10335995 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging modality which is non-invasive, can be employed in vivo, and can record both anatomy and vibrations. The purpose here is to explore the application of finite-element (FE) modelling to OCT data. METHODS We recorded vibrations for three human cadaver middle ears using OCT. We also have X-ray microCT images from the same ears. Three FE models were built based on geometries obtained from the microCT images. The material properties and boundary conditions of the models were obtained from previously reported studies. RESULTS Tympanic-membrane (TM) vibration patterns were computed for the three models and compared with the patterns measured using OCT. Frequency responses were also computed for all three models for several locations in the middle ear and compared with the OCT displacements and with the literature. The three models were compared with each other in terms of geometry and function. Parameter sensitivity analyses were done and the results were compared among the models and with the literature. The simulated TM displacement patterns are qualitatively similar to the OCT results. The simulated displacements are closer to the OCT results for 500 Hz and 1 kHz but the differences are greater at 2 kHz. CONCLUSION This study provides an initial look at the combined use of OCT measurements and FE modelling based on subject-specific anatomy. The geometries and parameters of the existing FE models could be modified for individual patients in the future to help identify abnormalities in the middle ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Golabbakhsh
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Dan MacDougall
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Joshua Farrell
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Thomas Landry
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - W. Robert J. Funnell
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Robert Adamson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
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Cerrotta S, Torga JR, Morel EN. Long-range frequency domain low-coherence interferometry detector for industrial applications. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:C16-C21. [PMID: 37132947 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.478870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost long-range frequency domain low-coherence interferometry (LCI) detector is presented: time Fourier domain LCI (TFD-LCI). Combining ideas of time domain and frequency domain techniques, the TFD-LCI detects the analog Fourier transform of the optical interference signal with no limitation for the maximum optical path, measuring the thickness of several centimeters with micrometer resolution. A complete characterization of the technique is presented with a mathematical demonstration, simulations, and experimental results. An evaluation of repeatability and accuracy is also included. Measurements of small and large monolayer and multilayer thicknesses were done. Characterization of the internal and external thicknesses of industrial products such as transparent packages and glass windshield is presented, showing the potentiality of TFD-LCI for industrial applications.
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Transtympanic Visualization of Cochlear Implant Placement With Optical Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:e824-e828. [PMID: 35970156 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the ability of transtympanic middle ear optical coherence tomography (ME-OCT) to assess placement of cochlear implants (CIs) in situ. PATIENT A 72-year-old man with bilateral progressive heredodegenerative sensorineural hearing loss due to work-related noise exposure received a CI with a slim modiolar electrode for his right ear 3 months before his scheduled checkup. INTERVENTION A custom-built swept source ME-OCT system (λo = 1550 nm, ∆λ = 40 nm) designed for transtympanic middle ear imaging was used to capture a series of two- and three-dimensional images of the patient's CI in situ. Separately, transtympanic OCT two-dimensional video imaging and three-dimensional imaging were used to visualize insertion and removal of a CI with a slim modiolar electrode in a human cadaveric temporal bone through a posterior tympanotomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Images and video were analyzed qualitatively to determine the visibility of implant features under ME-OCT imaging and quantitatively to determine insertion depth of the CI. RESULTS After implantation, the CI electrode could be readily visualized in the round window niche under transtympanic ME-OCT in both the patient and the temporal bone. In both cases, characteristic design features of the slim modiolar electrode allowed us to quantify the insertion depth from our images. CONCLUSIONS ME-OCT could potentially be used in a clinic as a noninvasive, nonionizing means to confirm implant placement. This study shows that features of the CI electrode visible under ME-OCT can be used to quantify insertion depth in the postoperative ear.
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Wang J, Chawdhary G, Yang X, Morin F, Khalid-Raja M, Farrell J, MacDougall D, Chen F, Morris DP, Adamson RBA. Optical Clearing Agents for Optical Imaging Through Cartilage Tympanoplasties: A Preclinical Feasibility Study. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:e467-e474. [PMID: 35239620 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Optical clearing agents (OCAs) can render cartilage tympanoplasty grafts sufficiently transparent to permit visualization of middle ear structures in an operated ear using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. METHODS Pieces of human tragal cartilage were treated with glycerol, a commonly used OCA. A reference reflector was imaged with OCT through the tympanoplasty as it cleared and the optical attenuation of the graft was measured. The reversibility of clearing and the dimensional changes associated with glycerol absorption were also measured. In a separate experiment, a human cadaveric temporal bone was prepared to simulate an ossiculoplasty surgery with cartilage replacement of the tympanic membrane. A partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) inserted in the ear was imaged with OCT through a 0.4mm cartilage graft optically cleared with glycerol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The optical attenuation of 0.4mm cartilage grafts decreased at 2.3+/-1.1 dB/min following treatment with glycerol, reaching a total decrease in attenuation of 13.6+/-5.9 dB after 7 minutes. The optical and dimensional effects of glycerol absorption were reversable following saline washout. In the temporal bone preparation, treatment of a cartilage graft with glycerol resulted in a 13 dB increase in signal-to-noise ratio and a 13 dB increase in contrast for visualizing the PORP through the graft with OCT. CONCLUSIONS Optical clearing agents offer a potential pathway towards optical coherence tomography imaging of the middle ear in post-surgical ears with cartilage grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University
| | - Gaurav Chawdhary
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, U.K
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Francis Morin
- Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Mamoona Khalid-Raja
- Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Great Manchester, England, U.K
| | | | | | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - David P Morris
- Division of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Robert B A Adamson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University
- Division of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Wang J, Wohlberg B, Adamson RBA. Convolutional dictionary learning for blind deconvolution of optical coherence tomography images. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1834-1854. [PMID: 35519239 PMCID: PMC9045938 DOI: 10.1364/boe.447394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a sparsity-regularized, complex, blind deconvolution method for removing sidelobe artefacts and stochastic noise from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Our method estimates the complex scattering amplitude of tissue on a line-by-line basis by estimating and deconvolving the complex, one-dimensional axial point spread function (PSF) from measured OCT A-line data. We also present a strategy for employing a sparsity weighting mask to mitigate the loss of speckle brightness within tissue-containing regions caused by the sparse deconvolution. Qualitative and quantitative analyses show that this approach suppresses sidelobe artefacts and background noise better than traditional spectral reshaping techniques, with negligible loss of tissue structure. The technique is particularly useful for emerging OCT applications where OCT images contain strong specular reflections at air-tissue boundaries that create large sidelobe artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Brendt Wohlberg
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - R. B. A. Adamson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Lui CG, Kim W, Dewey JB, Macías-Escrivá FD, Ratnayake K, Oghalai JS, Applegate BE. In vivo functional imaging of the human middle ear with a hand-held optical coherence tomography device. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5196-5213. [PMID: 34513251 PMCID: PMC8407818 DOI: 10.1364/boe.430935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe an optical coherence tomography and vibrometry system designed for portable hand-held usage in the otology clinic on awake patients. The system provides clinically relevant point-of-care morphological imaging with 14-44 µm resolution and functional vibratory measures with sub-nanometer sensitivity. We evaluated various new approaches for extracting functional information including a multi-tone stimulus, a continuous chirp stimulus, and alternating air and bone stimulus. We also explored the vibratory response over an area of the tympanic membrane (TM) and generated TM thickness maps. Our results suggest that the system can provide real-time in vivo imaging and vibrometry of the ear and could prove useful for investigating otologic pathology in the clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Lui
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, Suite 5708, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wihan Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, Suite 5708, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - James B. Dewey
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, Suite 5708, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Frank D. Macías-Escrivá
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, Suite 5708, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kumara Ratnayake
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, Suite 5708, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - John S. Oghalai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, Suite 5708, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brian E. Applegate
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, Suite 5708, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Denney Research Center (DRB) 140, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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11
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Assessing the Effect of Middle Ear Effusions on Wideband Acoustic Immittance Using Optical Coherence Tomography. Ear Hear 2021; 41:811-824. [PMID: 31634213 PMCID: PMC7165028 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) noninvasively assesses middle ear function by measuring the sound conduction over a range of audible frequencies. Although several studies have shown the potential of WAI for detecting the presence of middle ear effusions (MEEs), determining the effects of MEE type and amount on WAI in vivo has been challenging due to the anatomical location of middle ear cavity. The purpose of this study is to correlate WAI measurements with physical characteristics of the middle ear and MEEs determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noninvasive optical imaging technique.
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12
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Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography for Otology Applications: From Phantom Simulation to In Vivo Experiment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In otology, visualization and vibratory analysis have been crucial to enhance the success of diagnosis and surgical operation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been employed in otology to obtain morphological structure of tissues non-invasively, owing to the ability of measuring the entire region of tympanic membrane, which compensates the limitations of conventional methods. As a functional extension of OCT, Doppler OCT, which enables the measurement of the motion information with structural data of tissue, has been applied in otology. Over the years, Doppler OCT systems have been evolved in various forms to enhance the measuring sensitivity of phase difference. In this review, we provide representative algorithms of Doppler OCT and various applications in otology from preclinical analysis to clinical experiments and discuss future developments.
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Choi S, Ota T, Nin F, Shioda T, Suzuki T, Hibino H. Rapid optical tomographic vibrometry using a swept multi-gigahertz comb. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:16749-16768. [PMID: 34154231 DOI: 10.1364/oe.425972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a rapid tomographic vibrometer technique using an optical comb to measure internal vibrations, transient phenomena, and tomographic distributions in biological tissue and microelectromechanical system devices at high frequencies. This method allows phase-sensitive tomographic measurement in the depth direction at a multi-MHz scan rate using a frequency-modulated broadband electrooptic multi-GHz supercontinuum comb. The frequency spacing was swept instantaneously in time and axisymmetrically about the center wavelength via a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator driven by a variable radio frequency signal. This unique sweeping method permits direct measurement of fringe-free interferometric amplitude and phase with arbitrarily changeable measurement range and scan rate. Therefore, a compressive measurement can be made in only the depth region where the vibration exists, reducing the number of measurement points. In a proof-of-principle experiment, the interferometric amplitude and phase were investigated for in-phase and quadrature phase-shifted interferograms obtained by a polarization demodulator. Tomographic transient displacement measurements were performed using a 0.12 mm thick glass film and piezo-electric transducer oscillating at 10-100 kHz with scan rates in the range 1-20 MHz. The depth resolution and precision of the vibrometer were estimated to be approximately 25 µm and 1.0 nm, respectively.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE After tympanoplasty, it is often challenging to differentiate between different causes of a remaining air bone gap (ABG). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a new approach for combined morphologic and functional measurements of the tympanic membrane and adjacent parts of the middle ear. Thus, it provides valuable diagnostic information in patients with a reduced sound transfer after middle ear surgery. PATIENT AND INTERVENTION A patient with history of tympanoplasty and a persistent ABG was investigated with endoscopic OCT before revision surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The oscillation behavior and the thickness of the reconstructed tympanic membrane was determined. The oscillation amplitudes of the inserted prosthesis were compared to a finite element model simulation and to the clinical findings and the audiometric data of the patient. RESULTS OCT measurements showed a reduced oscillation amplitude of the prosthesis while revealing an aerated middle ear and good coupling of the prosthesis. Transfer loss measured by OCT showed a similar progression as the ABG measured by pure-tone audiometry with a mean divergence of 4.45 dB. CONCLUSION Endoscopic OCT is a promising tool for the evaluation of tympanoplasty outcome. It supports established otologic diagnostics and can help differentiating between different causes of conductional hearing loss.
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Won J, Porter RG, Novak MA, Youakim J, Sum A, Barkalifa R, Aksamitiene E, Zhang A, Nolan R, Shelton R, Boppart SA. In vivo dynamic characterization of the human tympanic membrane using pneumatic optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000215. [PMID: 33439538 PMCID: PMC7935452 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Decreased mobility of the human eardrum, the tympanic membrane (TM), is an essential indicator of a prevalent middle ear infection. The current diagnostic method to assess TM mobility is via pneumatic otoscopy, which provides subjective and qualitative information of subtle motion. In this study, a handheld spectral-domain pneumatic optical coherence tomography system was developed to simultaneously measure the displacement of the TM, air pressure inputs applied to a sealed ear canal, and to perform digital pneumatic otoscopy. A novel approach based on quantitative parameters is presented to characterize spatial and temporal variations of the dynamic TM motion. Furthermore, the TM motions of normal middle ears are compared with those of ears with middle ear infections. The capability of noninvasively measuring the rapid motion of the TM is beneficial to understand the complex dynamics of the human TM, and can ultimately lead to improved diagnosis and management of middle ear infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Won
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ryan G. Porter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael A. Novak
- Department of Otolaryngology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jon Youakim
- Department of Pediatrics, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ada Sum
- Department of Pediatrics, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ronit Barkalifa
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Edita Aksamitiene
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois
- PhotoniCare, Inc., Champaign, Illinois
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
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Rosowski JJ, Ramier A, Cheng JT, Yun SH. Optical coherence tomographic measurements of the sound-induced motion of the ossicular chain in chinchillas: Additional modes of ossicular motion enhance the mechanical response of the chinchilla middle ear at higher frequencies. Hear Res 2020; 396:108056. [PMID: 32836020 PMCID: PMC7572631 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Wavelength-swept optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to scan the structure of cadaveric chinchilla ears in three dimensions with high spatial resolution and measure the sound-induced displacements of the entire OCT-visible lateral surfaces of the ossicles in the lateral-to-medial direction. The simultaneous measurement of structure and displacement allowed a precise match between the observed motion and its structural origin. The structure and measured displacements are consistent with previously published data. The coincident detailed structural and motion measurements demonstrate the presence of several frequency-dependent modes of ossicular motion, including: (i) rotation about an anteriorly-to-posteriorly directed axis positioned near the commonly defined anatomical axis of rotation that dominates at frequencies below 8 kHz, (ii) a lateral-to-medial translational component that is visible at frequencies from 2 to greater than 10 kHz, and (iii) a newly described rotational mode around an inferiorly-to-superiorly directed axis that parallels the manubrium of the malleus and dominates ossicular motion between 10 and 16 kHz. This new axis of rotation is located near the posterior edge of the manubrium. The onset of the second rotational mode leads to a boost in the magnitude of sound-induced stapes displacement near 14 kHz, and adds a half-cycle to the accumulating phase in middle-ear sound transmission. Similar measurements in one ear after interruption of the incudostapedial joint suggest the load of the cochlea and stapes annular ligament is important to the presence of the second rotational mode, and acts to limit simple ossicular translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Rosowski
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston 02114, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston 02114, MA, USA.
| | - Antoine Ramier
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge 02139 MA, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Lansdowne St. UP-5, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tao Cheng
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston 02114, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston 02114, MA, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge 02139 MA, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Lansdowne St. UP-5, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
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17
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Jeon B, Lee J, Jeon D, Kim P, Jang JH, Wijesinghe RE, Jeon M, Kim J. Functional assessment of moisture influenced cadaveric tympanic membrane using phase shift-resolved optical Doppler vibrography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900202. [PMID: 31670908 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An elevated relative moisture in the external ear canal and middle ear cavity may predispose to chronic otorrhea and related infections along with abnormal tympanic membrane (TM) vibration patterns. Therefore, phase shift-resolved optical Doppler vibrography (ODV) was used for vibration assessments of moisture influenced cadaveric TM. ODV was applied to generate time resolved cross-sectional and volumetric vibrographs of a cadaveric TM, driven acoustically at several frequencies. In order to analyze the effect of moisture on TM, homogenous moisture conditions were provided by soaking the cadaveric TM specimens in 1× phosphate buffer saline with a pH of 7.4. The TM specimen was exposed to a rapidly switchable frequency generator during the ODV image acquisition. The experiment was conducted for 3 hours and the cadaveric TM was exposed to each frequency with an interval of 30 minutes. Acquired phase shift-resolved ODV assessments revealed a depth dependent vibration tendency between the applied frequencies, along with a decline in the moisture level of the cadaveric TM specimen. Thus, the ODV method can aid our understanding of sound conduction in the middle ear, thus supporting the diagnosis of TM diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonggyu Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyul Lee
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokmin Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilun Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruchire Eranga Wijesinghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mansik Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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18
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Novozhilov AA, Shilyagin PA, Shakhov AV, Gelikonov VM. [Overview of modern methods for the diagnosis of exudative otitis media]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2020; 85:68-74. [PMID: 32628387 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20208503168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modern methods for diagnosis of exudative otitis media (EOM) have great potential, however, the problem of diagnosis of EOM is still relevant. The article describes the methods of modern diagnostics that are widely used in the daily practice of an otolaryngologist. The basic principles, advantages and disadvantages of generally accepted diagnostic methods for EOM are presented. The method of optical coherence tomography (OCT) is described as a method of studying biological tissues, which is used in many fields of medicine. Information is provided on the possibilities of OCT in the diagnosis of diseases of the ENT organs and, in particular, of the middle ear. The results of studies of the tympanic cavity structures in various inflammatory conditions, the possibilities of intrasurgery use of OCT, as well as the possibilities and perspectives of introducing OCT into the practice of an otorhinolaryngologist in the diagnosis of exudative otitis media are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Novozhilov
- Privolzhsky Regional Medical Center of the FMBA of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics of RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - P A Shilyagin
- Institute of Applied Physics of RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A V Shakhov
- Privolzhsky Regional Medical Center of the FMBA of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics of RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V M Gelikonov
- Institute of Applied Physics of RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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19
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Seong D, Kwon J, Jeon D, Wijesinghe RE, Lee J, Ravichandran NK, Han S, Lee J, Kim P, Jeon M, Kim J. In Situ Characterization of Micro-Vibration in Natural Latex Membrane Resembling Tympanic Membrane Functionally Using Optical Doppler Tomography. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 20:E64. [PMID: 31877652 PMCID: PMC6982896 DOI: 10.3390/s20010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive characterization of micro-vibrations in the tympanic membrane (TM) excited by external sound waves is considered as a promising and essential diagnosis in modern otolaryngology. To verify the possibility of measuring and discriminating the vibrating pattern of TM, here we describe a micro-vibration measurement method of latex membrane resembling the TM. The measurements are obtained with an externally generated audio stimuli of 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.1 and 3.2 kHz, and their respective vibrations based tomographic, volumetric and quantitative evaluations were acquired using optical Doppler tomography (ODT). The micro oscillations and structural changes which occurred due to diverse frequencies are measured with sufficient accuracy using a highly sensitive ODT system implied phase subtraction method. The obtained results demonstrated the capability of measuring and analyzing the complex varying micro-vibration of the membrane according to implied sound frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewoon Seong
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaehwan Kwon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Deokmin Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Ruchire Eranga Wijesinghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 38428, Korea;
| | - Jaeyul Lee
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Naresh Kumar Ravichandran
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Sangyeob Han
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Junsoo Lee
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Pilun Kim
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Mansik Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
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20
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Liu Q, Jing Z, Li A, Liu Y, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Peng W. Common-path dual-wavelength quadrature phase demodulation of EFPI sensors using a broadly tunable MG-Y laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:27873-27881. [PMID: 31684548 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.027873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A common-path dual-wavelength phase demodulation technique for extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) sensors is proposed on the basis of a broadly tunable modulated grating Y-branch (MG-Y) laser. It can address the three main concerns of existing dual-wavelength phase interrogation methods: the imbalances and disturbances caused by two optical paths utilizing two lasers or two photodetectors, the restrictions between two operating wavelengths and the cavity length of EFPI, and the difficulty in eliminating the direct current (DC) component of the interferometric fringe. Dual-wavelength phase interrogation is achieved in a common optical path through high-speed wavelength switching. Taking advantage of the MG-Y laser's full spectrum scanning ability (1527 ∼ 1567 nm), initial cavity length and DC component can be directly measured by white light interferometry. Two quadrature wavelengths are then selected to perform high speed phase demodulation scheme. Three polyethylene terephthalate (PET) diaphragm based EFPI acoustic sensors with cavity lengths of 127.954 µm, 148.366 µm and 497.300 µm, are used to demonstrate the effectiveness.
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21
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Measurement of Vibrating Tympanic Membrane in an In Vivo Mouse Model Using Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography. J Imaging 2019; 5:jimaging5090074. [PMID: 34460668 PMCID: PMC8320936 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging5090074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has a micro-resolution with a penetration depth of about 2 mm and field of view of about 10 mm. This makes OCT well suited for analyzing the anatomical and internal structural assessment of the middle ear. To study the vibratory motion of the tympanic membrane (TM) and its internal structure, we developed a phase-resolved Doppler OCT system using Kasai’s autocorrelation algorithm. Doppler optical coherence tomography is a powerful imaging tool which can offer the micro-vibratory measurement of the tympanic membrane and obtain the micrometer-resolved cross-sectional images of the sample in real-time. To observe the relative vibratory motion of individual sections (malleus, thick regions, and the thin regions of the tympanic membrane) of the tympanic membrane in respect to auditory signals, we designed an experimental study for measuring the difference in Doppler phase shift for frequencies varying from 1 to 8 kHz which were given as external stimuli to the middle ear of a small animal model. Malleus is the very first interconnecting region between the TM and cochlea. In our proposed study, we observed that the maximum change in Doppler phase shift was seen for the 4 kHz acoustic stimulus in the malleus, the thick regions, and in the thin regions of the tympanic membrane. In particular, the vibration signals were higher in the malleus in comparison to the tympanic membrane.
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Kim W, Kim S, Huang S, Oghalai JS, Applegate BE. Picometer scale vibrometry in the human middle ear using a surgical microscope based optical coherence tomography and vibrometry system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4395-4410. [PMID: 31565497 PMCID: PMC6757470 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a highly phase stable optical coherence tomography and vibrometry system that attaches directly to the accessory area of a surgical microscope common to both the otology clinic and operating room. Careful attention to minimizing sources of phase noise has enabled a system capable of measuring vibrations of the middle ear with a sensitivity of < 5 pm in an awake human patient. The system is shown to be capable of collecting a wide range of information on the morphology and function of the ear in live subjects, including frequency tuning curves below the hearing threshold, maps of tympanic membrane vibrational modes and thickness, and measures of distortion products due to the nonlinearities in the cochlear amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wihan Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shuning Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - John S. Oghalai
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brian E. Applegate
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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23
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Two-dimensional simulation of optical coherence tomography images. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12189. [PMID: 31434928 PMCID: PMC6704163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An algorithm for the simulation of two-dimensional spectral domain optical coherence tomography images based on Maxwell’s equations is presented. A recently developed and modified time-harmonic numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations is used to obtain scattered far fields for many wave numbers contained in the calculated spectrum. The interferometer setup with its lenses is included rigorously with Fresnel integrals and the Debye-Wolf integral. The implemented model is validated with an existing FDTD algorithm by comparing simulated tomograms of single and multiple cylindrical scatterers for perpendicular and parallel polarisation of the incident light. Tomograms are presented for different realisations of multiple cylindrical scatterers. Furthermore, simulated tomograms of a ziggurat-shaped scatterer and of dentin slabs, with varying scatterer concentrations, are investigated. It is shown that the tomograms do not represent the physical structures present within the sample.
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24
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Model-based hearing diagnostics based on wideband tympanometry measurements utilizing fuzzy arithmetic. Hear Res 2019; 378:126-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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MacDougall D, Morrison L, Morrison C, Morris DP, Bance M, Adamson RBA. Optical Coherence Tomography Doppler Vibrometry Measurement of Stapes Vibration in Patients With Stapes Fixation and Normal Controls. Otol Neurotol 2019; 40:e349-e355. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Kirsten L, Schindler M, Morgenstern J, Erkkilä MT, Golde J, Walther J, Rottmann P, Kemper M, Bornitz M, Neudert M, Zahnert T, Koch E. Endoscopic optical coherence tomography with wide field-of-view for the morphological and functional assessment of the human tympanic membrane. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 24:1-11. [PMID: 30516037 PMCID: PMC6975278 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.031017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with a wide field-of-view of 8 mm is presented, which combines the image capability of endoscopic imaging at the middle ear with the advantages of functional OCT imaging, allowing a morphological and functional assessment of the human tympanic membrane. The endoscopic tube has a diameter of 3.5 mm and contains gradient-index optics for simultaneous forward-viewing OCT and video endoscopy. The endoscope allows the three-dimensional visualization of nearly the entire tympanic membrane. In addition, the oscillation of the tympanic membrane is measured spatially resolved and in the frequency range between 500 Hz and 5 kHz with 125 Hz resolution, which is realized by phase-resolved Doppler OCT imaging during acoustical excitation with chirp signals. The applicability of the OCT system is demonstrated in vivo. Due to the fast image acquisition, structural and functional measurements are only slightly affected by motion artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kirsten
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schindler
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Morgenstern
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikael Timo Erkkilä
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Golde
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Walther
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pascal Rottmann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
| | - Max Kemper
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Bornitz
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Neudert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Zahnert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
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Ramier A, Cheng JT, Ravicz ME, Rosowski JJ, Yun SH. Mapping the phase and amplitude of ossicular chain motion using sound-synchronous optical coherence vibrography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:5489-5502. [PMID: 30460142 PMCID: PMC6238908 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The sound-driven vibration of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of middle-ear bones is fundamental to hearing. Here we show that optical coherence tomography in phase synchrony with a sound stimulus is well suited for volumetric, vibrational imaging of the ossicles and tympanic membrane. This imaging tool - OCT vibrography - provides intuitive motion pictures of the ossicular chain and how they vary with frequency. Using the chinchilla ear as a model, we investigated the vibrational snapshots and phase delays of the manubrium, incus, and stapes over 100 Hz to 15 kHz. The vibrography images reveal a previously undescribed mode of motion of the chinchilla ossicles at high frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Ramier
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tao Cheng
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E. Ravicz
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John J. Rosowski
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Jeon D, Cho NH, Park K, Kim K, Jeon M, Jang JH, Kim J. In Vivo Vibration Measurement of Middle Ear Structure Using Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography: Preliminary Study. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 12:40-49. [PMID: 30045616 PMCID: PMC6315208 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2018.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) is useful for both, the spatially resolved measurement of the tympanic membrane (TM) oscillation and high-resolution imaging. We demonstrated a new technique capable of providing real-time two-dimensional Doppler OCT image of rapidly oscillatory latex mini-drum and in vivo rat TM and ossicles. Methods Using DOCT system, the oscillation of sample was measured at frequency range of 1–4 kHz at an output of 15 W. After the sensitivity of the DOCT system was verified using a latex mini-drum consisting of a 100 μm-thick latex membrane, changes in displacement of the umbo and contacted area between TM and malleus in normal and pathologic conditions. Results The oscillation cycles of the mini-drum for stimulus frequencies were 1.006 kHz for 1 kHz, 2.012 kHz for 2kHz, and 3.912 kHz for 4 kHz, which means that the oscillation cycle of the mini-drum become short in proportional to the frequency of stimuli. The oscillation cycles of umbo area and the junction area in normal TM for frequencies of the stimuli showed similar integer ratio with the data of latex mini-drum for stimuli less than 4 kHz. In the case of middle ear effusion condition, the Doppler signal showed a tendency of attenuation in all frequencies, which was prominent at 1 kHz and 2 kHz. Conclusion The TM vibration under sound stimulation with frequencies from 1 kHz to 4 kHz in normal and pathologic conditions was demonstrated using signal demodulation method in in vivo condition. The OCT technology could be helpful for functional and structural assessment as an optional modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doekmin Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Hyun Cho
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kibeom Park
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kanghae Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mansik Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Landry TG, Bance ML, Adamson RB, Brown JA. No effect of prolonged pulsed high frequency ultrasound imaging of the basilar membrane on cochlear function or hair cell survival found in an initial study. Hear Res 2018; 363:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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30
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Tan HEI, Santa Maria PL, Wijesinghe P, Francis Kennedy B, Allardyce BJ, Eikelboom RH, Atlas MD, Dilley RJ. Optical Coherence Tomography of the Tympanic Membrane and Middle Ear: A Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:424-438. [PMID: 29787354 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818775711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the recent developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) for tympanic membrane (TM) and middle ear (ME) imaging and to identify what further development is required for the technology to be integrated into common clinical use. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Review Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed for English language articles published from January 1966 to January 2018 with the keywords "tympanic membrane or middle ear,""optical coherence tomography," and "imaging." Conclusion Conventional imaging techniques cannot adequately resolve the microscale features of TM and ME, sometimes necessitating diagnostic exploratory surgery in challenging otologic pathology. As a high-resolution noninvasive imaging technique, OCT offers promise as a diagnostic aid for otologic conditions, such as otitis media, cholesteatoma, and conductive hearing loss. Using OCT vibrometry to image the nanoscale vibrations of the TM and ME as they conduct acoustic waves may detect the location of ossicular chain dysfunction and differentiate between stapes fixation and incus-stapes discontinuity. The capacity of OCT to image depth and thickness at high resolution allows 3-dimensional volumetric reconstruction of the ME and has potential use for reconstructive tympanoplasty planning and the follow-up of ossicular prostheses. Implications for Practice To achieve common clinical use beyond these initial discoveries, future in vivo imaging devices must feature low-cost probe or endoscopic designs and faster imaging speeds and demonstrate superior diagnostic utility to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. While such technology has been available for OCT, its translation requires focused development through a close collaboration between engineers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsern Ern Ivan Tan
- 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,2 Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter Luke Santa Maria
- 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,2 Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- 5 BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,6 Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Brendan Francis Kennedy
- 5 BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,6 Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | - Robert Henry Eikelboom
- 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,2 Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,8 Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marcus David Atlas
- 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,2 Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Rodney James Dilley
- 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,2 Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Landry TG, Earle G, Brown JA, Bance ML. Real-time intracochlear imaging of automated cochlear implant insertions in whole decalcified cadaver cochleas using ultrasound. Cochlear Implants Int 2018; 19:255-267. [DOI: 10.1080/14670100.2018.1460024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Landry
- Division of Otolaryngology, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Guy Earle
- Division of Otolaryngology, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Brown
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Manohar L. Bance
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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32
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Park K, Cho NH, Jeon M, Lee SH, Jang JH, Boppart SA, Jung W, Kim J. Optical assessment of the in vivo tympanic membrane status using a handheld optical coherence tomography-based otoscope. Acta Otolaryngol 2018; 138:367-374. [PMID: 29125012 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2017.1395515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional otoscopes and oto-endoscopes, which are used to examine the tympanic membrane (TM), do not provide tomographic information. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) non-invasively reveals the depth-resolved internal microstructure of the TM with very high spatial resolution. We designed this study to examine the TMs with middle ear diseases using a handheld otoscope employing 860 nm spectral domain (SD)-OCT, combined with video camera and to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this system. DESIGN A total of 120 patients with otologic symptoms were enrolled. TM images were obtained using the handheld OCT-based otoscope (860 nm central wave length, 15 μm axial resolution, 15 μm lateral resolution, and 7 mm scanning range using relay lens). Both OCT and oto-endoscope images were compared according to the clinical characteristics such as perforation, retraction, and postoperative healing process. RESULTS The objective grade about the thickness of perforation margins and the accurate information about the extent of TM retraction that was not distinguishable by oto-endoscopic exam could be identified using this system. The postoperative healing process of TMs could be also followed using the OCT device. CONCLUSION These analyses from the surgeon-oriented perspective suggest another useful application of the handheld OCT device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibeom Park
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Hyun Cho
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI), Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mansik Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Heun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Daegu Veterans Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Jang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Woonggyu Jung
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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33
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Monroy GL, Hong W, Khampang P, Porter RG, Novak MA, Spillman DR, Barkalifa R, Chaney EJ, Kerschner JE, Boppart SA. Direct Analysis of Pathogenic Structures Affixed to the Tympanic Membrane during Chronic Otitis Media. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:117-126. [PMID: 29587128 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818766320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective To characterize otitis media-associated structures affixed to the mucosal surface of the tympanic membrane (TM) in vivo and in surgically recovered in vitro samples. Study Design Prospective case series without comparison. Setting Outpatient surgical care center. Subjects and Methods Forty pediatric subjects scheduled for tympanostomy tube placement surgery were imaged intraoperatively under general anesthesia. Postmyringotomy, a portable optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system assessed for the presence of any biofilm affixed to the mucosal surface of the TM. Samples of suspected microbial infection-related structures were collected through the myringotomy incision. The sampled site was subsequently reimaged with OCT to confirm collection from the original image site on the TM. In vitro analysis based on confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images of fluorescence in situ hybridization-tagged samples and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provided microbiological characterization and verification of biofilm activity. Results OCT imaging was achieved for 38 of 40 subjects (95%). Images from 38 of 38 (100%) of subjects observed with OCT showed the presence of additional microbial infection-related structures. Thirty-four samples were collected from these 38 subjects. CLSM images provided evidence of clustered bacteria in 32 of 33 (97%) of samples. PCR detected the presence of active bacterial DNA signatures in 20 of 31 (65%) of samples. Conclusion PCR and CLSM analysis of fluorescence in situ hybridization-stained samples validates the presence of active bacteria that have formed into a middle ear biofilm that extends across the mucosal layer of the TM. OCT can rapidly and noninvasively identify middle ear biofilms in subjects with severe and persistent cases of otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo L Monroy
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,2 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Wenzhou Hong
- 3 Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ryan G Porter
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,5 Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael A Novak
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,5 Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Darold R Spillman
- 2 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ronit Barkalifa
- 2 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric J Chaney
- 2 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Stephen A Boppart
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,2 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,5 Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Huang PC, Chaney EJ, Shelton RL, Boppart SA. Magnetomotive Displacement of the Tympanic Membrane Using Magnetic Nanoparticles: Toward Enhancement of Sound Perception. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 65:2837-2846. [PMID: 29993404 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2819649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A novel hearing-aid scheme using magnetomotive nanoparticles (MNPs) as transducers in the tympanic membrane (TM) is proposed, aiming to noninvasively and directly induce a modulated vibration on the TM. METHODS In this feasibility study, iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were applied on ex vivo rat TM tissues and allowed to diffuse over ∼2 h. Subsequently, magnetic force was exerted on the MNP-laden TM via a programmable electromagnetic solenoid to induce the magnetomotion. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), along with its phase-sensitive measurement capabilities, was utilized to visualize and quantify the nanometer-scale vibrations generated on the TM tissues. RESULTS The magnetomotive displacements induced on the TM were significantly greater than the baseline vibration of the TM without MNPs. In addition to a pure frequency tone, a chirped excitation and the corresponding spectroscopic response were also successfully generated and obtained. Finally, visualization of volumetric TM dynamics was achieved. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the effectiveness of magnetically inducing vibrations on TMs containing iron oxide nanoparticles, manipulating the amplitude and the frequency of the induced TM motions, and the capability of assessing the magnetomotive dynamics via OCT. SIGNIFICANCE The results demonstrated here suggest the potential use of this noninvasive magnetomotive approach in future hearing aid applications. OCT can be utilized to investigate the magnetomotive dynamics of the TM, which may either enhance sound perception or magnetically induce the perception of sound without the need for acoustic speech signals.
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Gora MJ, Suter MJ, Tearney GJ, Li X. Endoscopic optical coherence tomography: technologies and clinical applications [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2405-2444. [PMID: 28663882 PMCID: PMC5480489 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the current state of technology development and clinical applications of endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). Key design and engineering considerations are discussed for most OCT endoscopes, including side-viewing and forward-viewing probes, along with different scanning mechanisms (proximal-scanning versus distal-scanning). Multi-modal endoscopes that integrate OCT with other imaging modalities are also discussed. The review of clinical applications of endoscopic OCT focuses heavily on diagnosis of diseases and guidance of interventions. Representative applications in several organ systems are presented, such as in the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems. A brief outlook of the field of endoscopic OCT is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina J Gora
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 1 Place de l'Hopital, Strasbourg 67091, France
| | - Melissa J Suter
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor 710, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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36
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Choi S, Sato K, Ota T, Nin F, Muramatsu S, Hibino H. Multifrequency-swept optical coherence microscopy for highspeed full-field tomographic vibrometry in biological tissues. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:608-621. [PMID: 28270971 PMCID: PMC5330561 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Because conventional laser Doppler vibrometry or Doppler optical coherence tomography require mechanical scanning probes that cannot simultaneously measure the wide-range dynamics of bio-tissues, a multifrequency-swept optical coherence microscopy with wide-field heterodyne detection technique was developed. A 1024 × 1024 × 2000 voxel volume was acquired with an axial resolution of ~1.8 μm and an acquisition speed of 2 s. Vibration measurements at 10 kHz were performed over a wide field of view. Wide-field tomographic vibration measurements of a mouse tympanic membrane are demonstrated to illustrate the applicability of this method to live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Choi
- Niigata University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- AMED-CTRST, AMED, Japan
| | - Keita Sato
- Niigata University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takeru Ota
- AMED-CTRST, AMED, Japan
- Niigata University, School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology, 757 Ichibancho, Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nin
- AMED-CTRST, AMED, Japan
- Niigata University, School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology, 757 Ichibancho, Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Niigata University, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shogo Muramatsu
- Niigata University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- AMED-CTRST, AMED, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hibino
- AMED-CTRST, AMED, Japan
- Niigata University, School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology, 757 Ichibancho, Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Niigata University, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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