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Abstract
Over the last half century, the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) has been quantified in a variety of cell types and disease states. With the spread of nonlinear optical microscopy techniques in biomedical research, NADH and FAD imaging has offered an attractive solution to noninvasively monitor cell and tissue status and elucidate dynamic changes in cell or tissue metabolism. Various tools and methods to measure the temporal, spectral, and spatial properties of NADH and FAD autofluorescence have been developed. Specifically, an optical redox ratio of cofactor fluorescence intensities and NADH fluorescence lifetime parameters have been used in numerous applications, but significant work remains to mature this technology for understanding dynamic changes in metabolism. This article describes the current understanding of our optical sensitivity to different metabolic pathways and highlights current challenges in the field. Recent progress in addressing these challenges and acquiring more quantitative information in faster and more metabolically relevant formats is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA;
- Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Arkansas Integrative Metabolic Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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2
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Hu YY, Hsu CW, Tseng YH, Lin CY, Chiang HC, Chiang AS, Chang ST, Chen SJ. Temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy with cross-modality multi-stage 3D U-Net for fast and clear bioimaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2478-2491. [PMID: 37342698 PMCID: PMC10278625 DOI: 10.1364/boe.484154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) enables fast widefield biotissue imaging with optical sectioning. However, under widefield illumination, the imaging performance is severely degraded by scattering effects, which induce signal crosstalk and a low signal-to-noise ratio in the detection process, particularly when imaging deep layers. Accordingly, the present study proposes a cross-modality learning-based neural network method for performing image registration and restoration. In the proposed method, the point-scanning multiphoton excitation microscopy images are registered to the TFMPEM images by an unsupervised U-Net model based on a global linear affine transformation process and local VoxelMorph registration network. A multi-stage 3D U-Net model with a cross-stage feature fusion mechanism and self-supervised attention module is then used to infer in-vitro fixed TFMPEM volumetric images. The experimental results obtained for in-vitro drosophila mushroom body (MB) images show that the proposed method improves the structure similarity index measures (SSIMs) of the TFMPEM images acquired with a 10-ms exposure time from 0.38 to 0.93 and 0.80 for shallow- and deep-layer images, respectively. A 3D U-Net model, pretrained on in-vitro images, is further trained using a small in-vivo MB image dataset. The transfer learning network improves the SSIMs of in-vivo drosophila MB images captured with a 1-ms exposure time to 0.97 and 0.94 for shallow and deep layers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Yuling Hu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Hsu
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Tseng
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Tsu Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
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3
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Eremchev M, Roesel D, Dansette PM, Michailovas A, Roke S. High throughput wide field second harmonic imaging of giant unilamellar vesicles. Biointerphases 2023; 18:031202. [PMID: 37289033 DOI: 10.1116/6.0002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are an ideal tool for understanding lipid membrane structure and properties. Label-free spatiotemporal images of their membrane potential and structure would greatly aid the quantitative understanding of membrane properties. In principle, second harmonic imaging is a great tool to do so, but the low degree of spatial anisotropy that arises from a single membrane limits its application. Here, we advance the use of wide-field high throughput SH imaging by SH imaging with the use of ultrashort laser pulses. We achieve a throughput improvement of 78% of the maximum theoretical value and demonstrate subsecond image acquisition times. We show how the interfacial water intensity can be converted into a quantitative membrane potential map. Finally, for GUV imaging, we compare this type of nonresonant SH imaging to resonant SH imaging and two photon imaging using fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eremchev
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineerinsg (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Roesel
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineerinsg (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P-M Dansette
- Ekspla Ltd., Savanoriu Ave. 237, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - A Michailovas
- Ekspla Ltd., Savanoriu Ave. 237, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - S Roke
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineerinsg (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Ravichandran NK, Hur H, Kim H, Hyun S, Bae JY, Kim DU, Kim IJ, Nam KH, Chang KS, Lee KS. Label-free photothermal optical coherence microscopy to locate desired regions of interest in multiphoton imaging of volumetric specimens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3625. [PMID: 36869084 PMCID: PMC9984493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochip-based research is currently evolving into a three-dimensional and large-scale basis similar to the in vivo microenvironment. For the long-term live and high-resolution imaging in these specimens, nonlinear microscopy capable of label-free and multiscale imaging is becoming increasingly important. Combination with non-destructive contrast imaging will be useful for effectively locating regions of interest (ROI) in large specimens and consequently minimizing photodamage. In this study, a label-free photothermal optical coherence microscopy (OCM) serves as a new approach to locate the desired ROI within biological samples which are under investigation by multiphoton microscopy (MPM). The weak photothermal perturbation in sample by the MPM laser with reduced power was detected at the endogenous photothermal particles within the ROI using the highly sensitive phase-differentiated photothermal (PD-PT) OCM. By monitoring the temporal change of the photothermal response signal of the PD-PT OCM, the hotspot generated within the sample focused by the MPM laser was located on the ROI. Combined with automated sample movement in the x-y axis, the focal plane of MPM could be effectively navigated to the desired portion of a volumetric sample for high-resolution targeted MPM imaging. We demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method in second harmonic generation microscopy using two phantom samples and a biological sample, a fixed insect on microscope slide, with dimensions of 4 mm wide, 4 mm long, and 1 mm thick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar Ravichandran
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hur
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Hyun
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Bae
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - I Jong Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Nam
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Chang
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kye-Sung Lee
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Hsu FC, Lin CY, Hu YY, Hwu YK, Chiang AS, Chen SJ. Light-field microscopy with temporal focusing multiphoton illumination for scanless volumetric bioimaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6610-6620. [PMID: 36589593 PMCID: PMC9774856 DOI: 10.1364/boe.473807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A temporal focusing multiphoton illumination (TFMI) method is proposed for achieving selective volume illumination (SVI) (i.e., illuminating only the volume of interest) in light-field microscopy (LFM). The proposed method minimizes the background noise of the LFM images and enhances the contrast, and thus improves the imaging quality. Three-dimensional (3D) volumetric imaging is achieved by reconstructing the LFM images using a phase-space deconvolution algorithm. The experimental results obtained using 100-nm fluorescent beads show that the proposed TFMI-LFM system achieves lateral and axial resolutions of 1.2 µm and 1.1 µm, respectively, at the focal plane. Furthermore, the TFMI-LFM system enables 3D images of the single lobe of the drosophila mushroom body with GFP biomarker (OK-107) to be reconstructed in a one-snapshot record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chun Hsu
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 112, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Yuling Hu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-kuang Hwu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 112, Taiwan
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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6
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Image improvement of temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy via superior spatial modulation excitation and Hilbert-Huang transform decomposition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10079. [PMID: 35710746 PMCID: PMC9203560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) just provides the advantage of widefield optical sectioning ability with axial resolution of several micrometers. However, under the plane excitation, the photons emitted from the molecules in turbid tissues undergo scattering, resulting in complicated background noise and an impaired widefield image quality. Accordingly, this study constructs a general and comprehensive numerical model of TFMPEM utilizing Fourier optics and performs simulations to determine the superior spatial frequency and orientation of the structured pattern which maximize the axial excitation confinement. It is shown experimentally that the optimized pattern minimizes the intensity of the out-of-focus signal, and hence improves the quality of the image reconstructed using the Hilbert transform (HT). However, the square-like reflection components on digital micromirror device leads to pattern residuals in the demodulated image when applying high spatial frequency of structured pattern. Accordingly, the HT is replaced with Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) in order to sift out the low-frequency background noise and pattern residuals in the demodulation process. The experimental results obtained using a kidney tissue sample show that the HHT yields a significant improvement in the TFMPEM image quality.
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7
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Lee WH, Lai JZ, Hsu YH, Cheng FY, Luo CL, Huang YC, Lin TC, Chien FC. A two-photon fluorescence probe for cell membrane imaging under temporal-focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM). Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13118-13121. [PMID: 34807218 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04962c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A small-sized chromophore, BTTA-2OH, manifesting favorable solubility, large two-photon excitation efficiency, and good fluorescence photostability was synthesized to label the membrane of living cells for visualizing the dynamic movement of membrane-related vesicles via a two-photon fluorescence imaging technique based on wavelength-tunable temporal-focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Lee
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Zong Lai
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hsu
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Fung-Yu Cheng
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Lung Luo
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chin Huang
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chau Lin
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan. .,NCU-Covestro Research Center, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ching Chien
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
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8
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Markicevic M, Savvateev I, Grimm C, Zerbi V. Emerging imaging methods to study whole-brain function in rodent models. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:457. [PMID: 34482367 PMCID: PMC8418612 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the idea that single populations of neurons support cognition and behavior has gradually given way to the realization that connectivity matters and that complex behavior results from interactions between remote yet anatomically connected areas that form specialized networks. In parallel, innovation in brain imaging techniques has led to the availability of a broad set of imaging tools to characterize the functional organization of complex networks. However, each of these tools poses significant technical challenges and faces limitations, which require careful consideration of their underlying anatomical, physiological, and physical specificity. In this review, we focus on emerging methods for measuring spontaneous or evoked activity in the brain. We discuss methods that can measure large-scale brain activity (directly or indirectly) with a relatively high temporal resolution, from milliseconds to seconds. We further focus on methods designed for studying the mammalian brain in preclinical models, specifically in mice and rats. This field has seen a great deal of innovation in recent years, facilitated by concomitant innovation in gene-editing techniques and the possibility of more invasive recordings. This review aims to give an overview of currently available preclinical imaging methods and an outlook on future developments. This information is suitable for educational purposes and for assisting scientists in choosing the appropriate method for their own research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Markicevic
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iurii Savvateev
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Grimm
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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9
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Ishikawa T, Isobe K, Inazawa K, Namiki K, Miyawaki A, Kannari F, Midorikawa K. Adaptive optics with spatio-temporal lock-in detection for temporal focusing microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:29021-29033. [PMID: 34615020 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wavefront distortion in temporal focusing microscopy (TFM) results in a distorted temporal profile of the excitation pulses owing to spatio-temporal coupling. Since the pulse duration is dramatically changed in the excitation volume, it is difficult to correct the temporal profile for a thick sample. Here, we demonstrate adaptive optics (AO) correction in a thick sample. We apply structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to an AO correction in wide-field TFM to decrease the change in the pulse duration in the signal detection volume. The AO correction with SIM was very successful in a thick sample for which AO correction with TFM failed.
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10
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Liu JTC, Glaser AK, Bera K, True LD, Reder NP, Eliceiri KW, Madabhushi A. Harnessing non-destructive 3D pathology. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:203-218. [PMID: 33589781 PMCID: PMC8118147 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput methods for slide-free three-dimensional (3D) pathological analyses of whole biopsies and surgical specimens offer the promise of modernizing traditional histology workflows and delivering improvements in diagnostic performance. Advanced optical methods now enable the interrogation of orders of magnitude more tissue than previously possible, where volumetric imaging allows for enhanced quantitative analyses of cell distributions and tissue structures that are prognostic and predictive. Non-destructive imaging processes can simplify laboratory workflows, potentially reducing costs, and can ensure that samples are available for subsequent molecular assays. However, the large size of the feature-rich datasets that they generate poses challenges for data management and computer-aided analysis. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the imaging technologies that enable 3D pathology, and the computational tools-machine learning, in particular-for image processing and interpretation. We also discuss the integration of various other diagnostic modalities with 3D pathology, along with the challenges and opportunities for clinical adoption and regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T C Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Adam K Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaustav Bera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Reder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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11
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Zhuang C, Li X, Zhang Y, Kong L, Xie H, Dai Q. Photobleaching Imprinting Enhanced Background Rejection in Line-Scanning Temporal Focusing Microscopy. Front Chem 2021; 8:618131. [PMID: 33392156 PMCID: PMC7773834 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.618131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with two-photon point-scanning microscopy, two-photon temporal focusing microscopy (2pTFM) provides a parallel high-speed imaging strategy with optical sectioning capability. Owing to out-of-focus fluorescence induced by scattering, 2pTFM suffers deteriorated signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for deep imaging in turbid tissue, Here, we utilized the photobleaching property of fluorophore to eliminate out-of-focus fluorescence. According to different decay rates in different focal depth, we extract the in-focus signals out of backgrounds through time-lapse images. We analyzed the theoretical foundations of photobleaching imprinting of the line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy, simulated implementation for background rejection, and demonstrated the contrast enhancement in MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells and cleared Thy1-YFP mouse brains. More than 50% of total background light rejection was achieved, providing higher SBR images of the MCF-10A samples and mouse brains. The photobleaching imprinting method can be easily adapted to other fluorescence dyes or proteins, which may have application in studies involving relatively large and nontransparent organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhuang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing, China
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12
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Chang CY, Lin CY, Hu YY, Tsai SF, Hsu FC, Chen SJ. Temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy with optimized parallel multiline scanning for fast biotissue imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200171RR. [PMID: 33386708 PMCID: PMC7778456 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.1.016501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Line scanning-based temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy (TFMPM) has superior axial excitation confinement (AEC) compared to conventional widefield TFMPM, but the frame rate is limited due to the limitation of the single line-to-line scanning mechanism. The development of the multiline scanning-based TFMPM requires only eight multiline patterns for full-field uniform multiphoton excitation and it still maintains superior AEC. AIM The optimized parallel multiline scanning TFMPM is developed, and the performance is verified with theoretical simulation. The system provides a sharp AEC equivalent to the line scanning-based TFMPM, but fewer scans are required. APPROACH A digital micromirror device is integrated in the TFMPM system and generates the multiline pattern for excitation. Based on the result of single-line pattern with sharp AEC, we can further model the multiline pattern to find the best structure that has the highest duty cycle together with the best AEC performance. RESULTS The AEC is experimentally improved to 1.7 μm from the 3.5 μm of conventional TFMPM. The adopted multiline pattern is akin to a pulse-width-modulation pattern with a spatial period of four times the diffraction-limited line width. In other words, ideally only four π / 2 spatial phase-shift scans are required to form a full two-dimensional image with superior AEC instead of image-size-dependent line-to-line scanning. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the developed parallel multiline scanning-based TFMPM has the multiline pattern for sharp AEC and the least scans required for full-field uniform excitation. In the experimental results, the temporal focusing-based multiphoton images of disordered biotissue of mouse skin with improved axial resolution due to the near-theoretical limit AEC are shown to clearly reduce background scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yun Lin
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Y. Hu
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chun Hsu
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
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13
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Kapsokalyvas D, van Zandvoort MAMJ. Molecular Imaging in Oncology: Advanced Microscopy Techniques. Recent Results Cancer Res 2020; 216:533-561. [PMID: 32594398 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies usually require high levels of morphological, functional, and biochemical information at subcellular resolution. This type of information cannot be obtained from clinical imaging techniques, such as MRI, PET/CT, or US. Luckily, many microscopy techniques exist that can offer this information, also for malignant tissues and therapeutic approaches. In this overview, we discuss the various advanced optical microscopy techniques and their applications in oncological research. After a short introduction in Sect. 16.1, we continue in Sect. 16.2 with a discussion on fluorescent labelling strategies, followed in Sect. 16.3 by an in-depth description of confocal, light-sheet, two-photon, and super-resolution microscopy. We end in Sect. 16.4 with a focus on the applications, specifically in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kapsokalyvas
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology GROW and School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institut für Molekulare Kreislaufforschung, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology GROW and School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institut für Molekulare Kreislaufforschung, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Sheppard CJR. Multiphoton microscopy: a personal historical review, with some future predictions. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-11. [PMID: 31970944 PMCID: PMC6974959 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.1.014511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The historical development of multiphoton microscopy is described, starting with a review of two-photon absorption, and including two- and three-photon fluorescence microscopies, and second- and third-harmonic generation microscopies. The effects of pulse length on signal strength and breakdown are considered. Different contrast mechanisms, including use of nanoparticles, are discussed. Two new promising techniques that can be applied to multiphoton microscopy are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. R. Sheppard
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Department of Nanophysics, Genova, Italy
- University of Wollongong, School of Chemistry, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Address all correspondence to Colin J. R. Sheppard, E-mail:
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15
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Kabir MM, Rajput HS, Kelkar VA, Salazar Coariti AC, Toussaint KC. Demonstration of flat-top beam illumination in widefield multiphoton microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 25:1-8. [PMID: 31729201 PMCID: PMC7008505 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.1.014503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy provides a suitable technique for imaging biological tissues with submicrometer resolution. Usually a Gaussian beam (GB) is used for illumination, leading to a reduced power efficiency in the multiphoton response and vignetting for a square-shaped imaging area. A flat-top beam (FTB) provides a uniform spatial intensity distribution that equalizes the probability of a multiphoton effect across the imaging area. We employ a customized widefield multiphoton microscope to compare the performance of a square-shaped FTB illumination with that based on using a GB, for both two-photon fluorescence (TPF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging. The variation in signal-to-noise ratio across TPF images of fluorescent dyes spans ∼5.6 dB for the GB and ∼1.2 dB for the FTB illumination, respectively. For the GB modality, TPF images of mouse colon and Convallaria root, and SHG images of chicken tendon and human breast biopsy tissue showcase ∼20 % area that are not imaged due to either insufficient or lack of illumination. For quantitative analysis that depends on the illuminated area, this effect can potentially lead to inaccuracies. This work emphasizes the applicability of FTB illumination to multiphoton applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Kabir
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Laboratory for Photonics Research of Bio/Nano Environments (PROBE Lab), Urbana, Illinois and Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Hemangg S. Rajput
- Laboratory for Photonics Research of Bio/Nano Environments (PROBE Lab), Urbana, Illinois and Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Varun A. Kelkar
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Laboratory for Photonics Research of Bio/Nano Environments (PROBE Lab), Urbana, Illinois and Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Adriana C. Salazar Coariti
- Laboratory for Photonics Research of Bio/Nano Environments (PROBE Lab), Urbana, Illinois and Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Kimani C. Toussaint
- Laboratory for Photonics Research of Bio/Nano Environments (PROBE Lab), Urbana, Illinois and Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- Brown University, School of Engineering, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
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16
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Zhang T, Hernandez O, Chrapkiewicz R, Shai A, Wagner MJ, Zhang Y, Wu CH, Li JZ, Inoue M, Gong Y, Ahanonu B, Zeng H, Bito H, Schnitzer MJ. Kilohertz two-photon brain imaging in awake mice. Nat Methods 2019; 16:1119-1122. [PMID: 31659327 PMCID: PMC9438750 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy is a mainstay technique for imaging in scattering media and normally provides frame-acquisition rates of ~10–30 Hz. To track high-speed phenomena, we created a two-photon microscope with 400 illumination beams that collectively sample 95,000–211,000 μm2 areas at rates up to 1 kHz. Using this microscope, we visualized microcirculatory flow, fast venous constrictions, and neuronal Ca2+ spiking with millisecond-scale timing resolution in the brains of awake mice.
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17
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Zhao H, Cisek R, Karunendiran A, Tokarz D, Stewart BA, Barzda V. Live imaging of contracting muscles with wide-field second harmonic generation microscopy using a high power laser. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5130-5135. [PMID: 31646035 PMCID: PMC6788594 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wide-field second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy was developed using a high-power (> 4 W) and high-repetition-rate (MHz range) laser oscillator to achieve fast SHG imaging over a large area (400 µm × 400 µm). The microscope was used for high spatial resolution imaging of contracting muscles in live Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Anisotropic and isotropic bands of striated muscle were distinguished, allowing accurate determination of sarcomere length and SHG intensity from individual sarcomeres. Therefore, wide-field SHG microscopy has applications in basic contractility research and studying arrhythmias, muscular dystrophies and pharmaceutical effects on the muscle contraction dynamics of sarcomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhao
- WDI Device Inc., 135 West Beaver Creek Road Unit 2, Richmond Hill, ON, L4B 1L2, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Abiramy Karunendiran
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Bryan A. Stewart
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
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18
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Carbonell-Leal M, Mínguez-Vega G, Lancis J, Mendoza-Yero O. Encoding of arbitrary micrometric complex illumination patterns with reduced speckle. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:19788-19801. [PMID: 31503734 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.019788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In nonlinear microscopy, phase-only spatial light modulators (SLMs) allow achieving simultaneous two-photon excitation and fluorescence emission from specific region-of-interests (ROIs). However, as iterative Fourier transform algorithms (IFTAs) can only approximate the illumination of selected ROIs, both image formation and/or signal acquisition can be largely affected by the spatial irregularities of the illumination patterns and the speckle noise. To overcome these limitations, we propose an alternative complex illumination method (CIM) able to generate simultaneous excitation of large-area ROIs with full control over the amplitude and phase of light and reduced speckle. As a proof-of-concept we experimentally demonstrate single-photon and second harmonic generation (SHG) with structured illumination over large-area ROIs.
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19
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Sie YD, Chang CY, Lin CY, Chang NS, Campagnola PJ, Chen SJ. Fast and improved bioimaging via temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy with binary digital-micromirror-device holography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-8. [PMID: 30444085 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.11.116502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) can offer widefield optical sectioning with an axial excitation confinement of a few microns. To improve the axial confinement of TFMPEM, a binary computer-generated Fourier hologram (CGFH) via a digital-micromirror-device (DMD) was implemented to intrinsically improve the axial confinement by filling the back-focal aperture of the objective lens. Experimental results show that the excitation focal volume can be condensed and the axial confinement improved about 24% according to the DMD holography. In addition, pseudouniform MPE can be achieved using two complementary CGFHs with rapid pulse-width modulation switching via the DMD. Furthermore, bioimaging of CV-1 in origin with SV40 genes-7 cells demonstrates that the TFMPEM with binary DMD holography can improve image quality by enhancing axial excitation confinement and rejecting out-of-focus excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Da Sie
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Engineering Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- National Cheng Kung University, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shan Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Neuroscience and Physiology, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Paul J Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
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20
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Zhang Y, Kong L, Xie H, Han X, Dai Q. Enhancing axial resolution and background rejection in line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy by focal modulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:21518-21526. [PMID: 30130858 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.021518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Compared with two-photon point-scanning microscopy, line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy breaks the limitation on imaging rate and maintains the axial resolution, which makes it promising for various biomedical studies. However, for deep tissue imaging, it suffers from reduced axial resolution and increased background noise due to sample induced wavefront distortion. Here, we propose a spatio-spectral focal modulation technique to enhance axial resolution and background rejection by simply subtracting an aberrated image, which is induced by a spatial light modulator, from an unaberrated image. The proposed technique could improve the axial resolution by a factor of 1.3 in our implementation, verified by both simulations and experiments. Besides, we show that compared with spatial modulation alone, spatio-spectral modulation induces less peak intensity loss caused by image subtraction. We further demonstrate the performance of our technique on the enhanced axial resolution and background rejection by deep imaging of cleared mouse brains and in vivo imaging of living mouse brains.
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21
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Negash A, Labouesse S, Chaumet PC, Belkebir K, Giovannini H, Allain M, Idier J, Sentenac A. Two-photon speckle illumination for super-resolution microscopy. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2018; 35:1028-1033. [PMID: 29877348 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical study of a microscopy setup in which the sample is illuminated with uncontrolled speckle patterns and the two-photon excitation fluorescence is collected on a camera. We show that, using a simple deconvolution algorithm for processing the speckle low-resolution images, this wide-field imaging technique exhibits resolution significantly better than that of two-photon excitation scanning microscopy or one-photon excitation bright-field microscopy.
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22
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Toda K, Isobe K, Namiki K, Kawano H, Miyawaki A, Midorikawa K. Interferometric temporal focusing microscopy using three-photon excitation fluorescence. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:1510-1519. [PMID: 29675298 PMCID: PMC5905902 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy has become a powerful tool for biological research. However, its spatial resolution and imaging depth are limited, largely due to background light. Interferometric temporal focusing (ITF) microscopy, which combines structured illumination microscopy and three-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy, can overcome these limitations. Here, we demonstrate ITF microscopy using three-photon excitation fluorescence, which has a spatial resolution of 106 nm at an imaging depth of 100 µm with an excitation wavelength of 1060 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Toda
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Keisuke Isobe
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kana Namiki
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsumi Midorikawa
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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23
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Chang CY, Lin CH, Lin CY, Sie YD, Hu YY, Tsai SF, Chen SJ. Temporal focusing-based widefield multiphoton microscopy with spatially modulated illumination for biotissue imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201600287. [PMID: 28464488 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A developed temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation microscope (TFMPEM) has a digital micromirror device (DMD) which is adopted not only as a blazed grating for light spatial dispersion but also for patterned illumination simultaneously. Herein, the TFMPEM has been extended to implement spatially modulated illumination at structured frequency and orientation to increase the beam coverage at the back-focal aperture of the objective lens. The axial excitation confinement (AEC) of TFMPEM can be condensed from 3.0 μm to 1.5 μm for a 50 % improvement. By using the TFMPEM with HiLo technique as two structured illuminations at the same spatial frequency but different orientation, reconstructed biotissue images according to the condensed AEC structured illumination are shown obviously superior in contrast and better scattering suppression. Picture: TPEF images of the eosin-stained mouse cerebellar cortex by conventional TFMPEM (left), and the TFMPEM with HiLo technique as 1.09 μm-1 spatially modulated illumination at 90° (center) and 0° (right) orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lin
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Da Sie
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Yuling Hu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, 711 Tainan, Taiwan
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24
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Macias-Romero C, Nahalka I, Okur HI, Roke S. Optical imaging of surface chemistry and dynamics in confinement. Science 2017; 357:784-788. [PMID: 28729352 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We imaged the interfacial structure and dynamics of water in a microscopically confined geometry, in three dimensions and on millisecond time scales, with a structurally illuminated wide-field second harmonic microscope. The second harmonic images reported on the orientational order of interfacial water, induced by charge-dipole interactions between water molecules and surface charges. The images were converted into surface potential maps. Spatially resolved surface acid dissociation constant (pKa,s) values were determined for the silica deprotonation reaction by following pH-induced chemical changes on the curved and confined surfaces of a glass microcapillary immersed in aqueous solutions. These values ranged from 2.3 to 10.7 along the wall of a single capillary because of surface heterogeneities. Water molecules that rotate along an oscillating external electric field were also imaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Macias-Romero
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering, and Institute of Materials Science, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor Nahalka
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering, and Institute of Materials Science, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Halil I Okur
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering, and Institute of Materials Science, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Roke
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering, and Institute of Materials Science, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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25
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Toda K, Isobe K, Namiki K, Kawano H, Miyawaki A, Midorikawa K. Temporal focusing microscopy using three-photon excitation fluorescence with a 92-fs Yb-fiber chirped pulse amplifier. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2796-2806. [PMID: 28663907 PMCID: PMC5480430 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Temporal focusing (TF) microscopy is a wide-field two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF) microscopy technique, the optical sectioning capability of which is lower than that of point-scanning 2PEF microscopy. Here we demonstrate TF microscopy using three-photon excitation fluorescence (3PEF), which enhances the optical sectioning capability. As an excitation light source for the 3PEF, we developed an Yb-fiber chirped pulse amplifier, which produces 92-fs 9.0-μJ 1060-nm pulses at a repetition rate of 200 kHz. The optical sectioning capability was improved by a factor of 1.3 compared with that of 2PEF-TF microscopy. We also demonstrate dual-color imaging with both 2PEF and 3PEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Toda
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Keisuke Isobe
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kana Namiki
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsumi Midorikawa
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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26
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Lien CH, Abrigo G, Chen PH, Chien FC. Two-color temporal focusing multiphoton excitation imaging with tunable-wavelength excitation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:26008. [PMID: 28241274 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.2.026008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wavelength tunable temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) is conducted to visualize optical sectioning images of multiple fluorophore–labeled specimens through the optimal two-photon excitation (TPE) of each type of fluorophore. The tunable range of excitation wavelength was determined by the groove density of the grating, the diffraction angle, the focal length of lenses, and the shifting distance of the first lens in the beam expander. Based on a consideration of the trade-off between the tunable-wavelength range and axial resolution of temporal focusing multiphoton excitation imaging, the presented system demonstrated a tunable-wavelength range from 770 to 920 nm using a diffraction grating with groove density of 830 ?? lines / mm . TPE fluorescence imaging examination of a fluorescent thin film indicated that the width of the axial confined excitation was 3.0 ± 0.7 ?? ? m and the shifting distance of the temporal focal plane was less than 0.95 ?? ? m within the presented wavelength tunable range. Fast different wavelength excitation and three-dimensionally rendered imaging of Hela cell mitochondria and cytoskeletons and mouse muscle fibers were demonstrated. Significantly, the proposed system can improve the quality of two-color TFMPEM images through different excitation wavelengths to obtain higher-quality fluorescent signals in multiple-fluorophore measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsiang Lien
- National United University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Gerald Abrigo
- National Central University, Department of Optics and Photonics, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- National Central University, Department of Optics and Photonics, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ching Chien
- National Central University, Department of Optics and Photonics, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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27
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Ding Y, Li C. Dual-color multiple-particle tracking at 50-nm localization and over 100-µm range in 3D with temporal focusing two-photon microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4187-4197. [PMID: 27867724 PMCID: PMC5102526 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale particle tracking in three dimensions is crucial to directly observe dynamics of molecules and nanoparticles in living cells. Here we present a three-dimensional particle tracking method based on temporally focused two-photon excitation. Multiple particles are imaged at 30 frames/s in volume up to 180 × 180 × 100 µm3. The spatial localization precision can reach 50 nm. We demonstrate its capability of tracking fast swimming microbes at speed of ~200 µm/s. Two-photon dual-color tracking is achieved by simultaneously exciting two kinds of fluorescent beads at 800 nm to demonstrate its potential in molecular interaction studies. Our method provides a simple wide-field fluorescence imaging approach for deep multiple-particle tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Chunqiang Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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28
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Chang CY, Hu YY, Lin CY, Lin CH, Chang HY, Tsai SF, Lin TW, Chen SJ. Fast volumetric imaging with patterned illumination via digital micro-mirror device-based temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:1727-36. [PMID: 27231617 PMCID: PMC4871077 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy (TFMPM) has the advantage of area excitation in an axial confinement of only a few microns; hence, it can offer fast three-dimensional (3D) multiphoton imaging. Herein, fast volumetric imaging via a developed digital micromirror device (DMD)-based TFMPM has been realized through the synchronization of an electron multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) with a dynamic piezoelectric stage for axial scanning. The volumetric imaging rate can achieve 30 volumes per second according to the EMCCD frame rate of more than 400 frames per second, which allows for the 3D Brownian motion of one-micron fluorescent beads to be spatially observed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the dynamic HiLo structural multiphoton microscope can reject background noise by way of the fast volumetric imaging with high-speed DMD patterned illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Yuling Hu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lin
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Chang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Lin
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Macias-Romero C, Zubkovs V, Wang S, Roke S. Wide-field medium-repetition-rate multiphoton microscopy reduces photodamage of living cells. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:1458-67. [PMID: 27446668 PMCID: PMC4929654 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Demands of higher spatial and temporal resolutions in linear and nonlinear imaging keep pushing the limits of optical microscopy. We showed recently that a multiphoton microscope with 200 kHz repetition rate and wide-field illumination has a 2-3 orders of magnitude improved throughput compared to a high repetition rate confocal scanning microscope. Here, we examine the photodamage mechanisms and thresholds in live cell imaging for both systems. We first analyze theoretically the temperature increase in an aqueous solution resulting from illuminating with different repetition rates (keeping the deposited energy and irradiated volume constant). The analysis is complemented with photobleaching experiments of a phenolsulfonphthalein (phenol red) solution. Combining medium repetition rates and wide-field illumination promotes thermal diffusivity, which leads to lower photodamage and allows for higher peak intensities. A three day proliferation assay is also performed on living cells to confirm these results: dwell times can be increased by a factor of 3×10(6) while still preserving cell proliferation. By comparing the proliferation data with the endogenous two-photon fluorescence decay, we propose to use the percentage of the remaining endogenous two-photon fluorescence after exposure as a simple in-situ viability test. These findings enable the possibility of long-term imaging and reduced photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Macias-Romero
- Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering/Institute of Materials Science, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - V. Zubkovs
- Laboratory of NanoBiotechnology, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - S. Wang
- Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering/Institute of Materials Science, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - S. Roke
- Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering/Institute of Materials Science, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne,
Switzerland
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Chien FC, Lien CH, Dai YH. Dual-color dynamic tracking of GM-CSF receptors/JAK2 kinases signaling activation using temporal focusing multiphoton fluorescence excitation and astigmatic imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:30943-30955. [PMID: 26698726 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.030943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dual-color dynamic particle tracking approach that uses temporal focusing multiphoton fluorescence excitation and two-channel astigmatic imaging is utilized to track molecular trajectories in three dimensions to explore molecular interactions. Images of two fluorophores were obtained to extract their positions by optical sectioning excitation using a fast temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscope (TFMPEM) and by the simultaneous collection of data in two channels. The presented pair of cylindrical lenses, which was used to adjust the astigmatism effect with the minimum shifting of the imaging plane, was more feasible and flexible than single cylindrical lens for aligning two separate detection channels in astigmatic imaging. The lateral and axial positioning resolutions were observed to be approximately 9-13 nm and 23-30 nm respectively, for the two fluorescence channels. The dynamic movement and binding behavior of clusters of GM-CSF receptors and JAK2 kinases in HeLa cells in the presence of GM-CSF ligands were observed. Therefore, the proposed dual-color tracking strategy is useful for the dynamic study of molecular interactions in living specimens with a fast frame rate, less photobleaching, better penetration depth, and minimum optical trapping force.
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Song Q, Nakamura A, Hirosawa K, Isobe K, Midorikawa K, Kannari F. Two-dimensional spatiotemporal focusing of femtosecond pulses and its applications in microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:083701. [PMID: 26329197 DOI: 10.1063/1.4927532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate and theoretically analyze the two-dimensional spatiotemporal focusing of femtosecond pulses by utilizing a two-dimensional spectral disperser. Compared with spatiotemporal focusing with a diffraction grating, it can achieve widefield illumination with better sectioning ability for a multiphoton excitation process. By utilizing paraxial approximation, our analytical method improves the axial confinement ability and identifies that the free spectra range (FSR) of the two-dimensional spectral disperser affects the out-of-focus multiphoton excitation intensity due to the temporal self-imaging effect. Based on our numerical simulation, a FSR of 50 GHz is necessary to reduce the out-of-focus two-photon excitation by 2 orders of magnitude compared with that in a grating-based spatiotemporal focusing scheme for a 90-fs excitation laser pulse. We build a two-dimensional spatiotemporal focusing microscope using a virtually imaged phased array and achieve an axial resolution of 1.3 μm, which outperforms the resolution of conventional spatiotemporal focusing using a grating by a factor of 1.7, and demonstrate better image contrast inside a tissue-like phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Song
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Aoi Nakamura
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hirosawa
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Keisuke Isobe
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsumi Midorikawa
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kannari
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Lin CY, Li PK, Cheng LC, Li YC, Chang CY, Chiang AS, Dong CY, Chen SJ. High-throughput multiphoton-induced three-dimensional ablation and imaging for biotissues. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:491-9. [PMID: 25780739 PMCID: PMC4354595 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a temporal focusing-based high-throughput multiphoton-induced ablation system with axially-resolved widefield multiphoton excitation has been successfully applied to rapidly disrupt biotissues. Experimental results demonstrate that this technique features high efficiency for achieving large-area laser ablation without causing serious photothermal damage in non-ablated regions. Furthermore, the rate of tissue processing can reach around 1.6 × 10(6) μm(3)/s in chicken tendon. Moreover, the temporal focusing-based multiphoton system can be efficiently utilized in optical imaging through iterating high-throughput multiphoton-induced ablation machining followed by widefield optical sectioning; hence, it has the potential to obtain molecular images for a whole bio-specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701,
Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kao Li
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701,
Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Cheng
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701,
Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Li
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701,
Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701,
Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300,
Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300,
Taiwan
| | - Chen Yuan Dong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106,
Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701,
Taiwan
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701,
Taiwan
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701,
Taiwan
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Rupprecht P, Prevedel R, Groessl F, Haubensak WE, Vaziri A. Optimizing and extending light-sculpting microscopy for fast functional imaging in neuroscience. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:353-68. [PMID: 25780729 PMCID: PMC4354592 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of questions in system biology such as understanding how dynamics of neuronal networks are related to brain function require the ability to capture the functional dynamics of large cellular populations at high speed. Recently, this has driven the development of a number of parallel and high speed imaging techniques such as light-sculpting microscopy, which has been used to capture neuronal dynamics at the whole brain and single cell level in small model organisms. However, the broader applicability of light-sculpting microcopy is limited by the size of volumes for which high speed imaging can be obtained and scattering in brain tissue. Here, we present strategies for optimizing the present tradeoffs in light-sculpting microscopy. Various scanning modalities in light-sculpting microscopy are theoretically and experimentally evaluated, and strategies to maximize the obtainable volume speeds, and depth penetration in brain tissue using different laser systems are provided. Design-choices, important parameters and their trade-offs are experimentally demonstrated by performing calcium-imaging in acute mouse-brain slices. We further show that synchronization of line-scanning techniques with rolling-shutter read-out of the camera can reduce scattering effects and enhance image contrast at depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rupprecht
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna,
Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Research Platform Quantum Phenomena & Nanoscale Biological Systems (QuNaBioS), University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Current address: Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna,
Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Research Platform Quantum Phenomena & Nanoscale Biological Systems (QuNaBioS), University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
| | | | | | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna,
Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Research Platform Quantum Phenomena & Nanoscale Biological Systems (QuNaBioS), University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
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Macias-Romero C, Didier MEP, Jourdain P, Marquet P, Magistretti P, Tarun OB, Zubkovs V, Radenovic A, Roke S. High throughput second harmonic imaging for label-free biological applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:31102-31112. [PMID: 25607059 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) is inherently sensitive to the absence of spatial centrosymmetry, which can render it intrinsically sensitive to interfacial processes, chemical changes and electrochemical responses. Here, we seek to improve the imaging throughput of SHG microscopy by using a wide-field imaging scheme in combination with a medium-range repetition rate amplified near infrared femtosecond laser source and gated detection. The imaging throughput of this configuration is tested by measuring the optical image contrast for different image acquisition times of BaTiO₃ nanoparticles in two different wide-field setups and one commercial point-scanning configuration. We find that the second harmonic imaging throughput is improved by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared to point-scan imaging. Capitalizing on this result, we perform low fluence imaging of (parts of) living mammalian neurons in culture.
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35
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Lien CH, Lin CY, Chen SJ, Chien FC. Dynamic particle tracking via temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy with astigmatism imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:27290-9. [PMID: 25401879 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.027290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) single fluorescent particle tracking strategy based on temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) combined with astigmatism imaging is proposed for delivering nanoscale-level axial information that reveals 3D trajectories of single fluorospheres in the axially-resolved multiphoton excitation volume without z-axis scanning. Whereas other scanning spatial focusing multiphoton excitation schemes induce optical trapping interference, temporal focusing multiphoton excitation produces widefield illumination with minimum optical trapping force on the fluorospheres. Currently, the lateral and axial positioning resolutions of the dynamic particle tracking approach are about 14 nm and 21 nm in standard deviation, respectively. Furthermore, the motion behavior and diffusion coefficients of fluorospheres in glycerol solutions with different concentrations are dynamically measured at a frame rate up to 100 Hz. This TFMPEM with astigmatism imaging holds great promise for exploring dynamic molecular behavior deep inside biotissues via its superior penetration, reduced trapping effect, fast frame rate, and nanoscale-level positioning.
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Improving femtosecond laser pulse delivery through a hollow core photonic crystal fiber for temporally focused two-photon endomicroscopy. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6626. [PMID: 25316120 PMCID: PMC4894416 DOI: 10.1038/srep06626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a strategy to improve delivery of femtosecond laser pulses from a regenerative amplifier through a hollow core photonic crystal fiber for temporally focused wide-field two-photon endomicroscopy. For endomicroscope application, wide-field two-photon excitation has the advantage of requiring no scanning in the distal end. However, wide-field two-photon excitation requires peak power that is 10(4)-10(5) times higher than the point scanning approach corresponding to femtosecond pulses with energy on the order of 1-10 μJ at the specimen plane. The transmission of these high energy pulses through a single mode fiber into the microendoscope is a significant challenge. Two approaches were pursued to partially overcome this limitation. First, a single high energy pulse is split into a train of pulses with energy below the fiber damage threshold better utilizing the available laser energy. Second, stretching the pulse width in time by introducing negative dispersion was shown to have the dual benefit of reducing fiber damage probability and compensating for the positive group velocity dispersion induced by the fiber. With these strategy applied, 11 fold increase in the two photon excitation signal has been demonstrated.
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37
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So PTC, Yew EYS, Rowlands C. High-throughput nonlinear optical microscopy. Biophys J 2014; 105:2641-54. [PMID: 24359736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution microscopy methods based on different nonlinear optical (NLO) contrast mechanisms are finding numerous applications in biology and medicine. While the basic implementations of these microscopy methods are relatively mature, an important direction of continuing technological innovation lies in improving the throughput of these systems. Throughput improvement is expected to be important for studying fast kinetic processes, for enabling clinical diagnosis and treatment, and for extending the field of image informatics. This review will provide an overview of the fundamental limitations on NLO microscopy throughput. We will further cover several important classes of high-throughput NLO microscope designs with discussions on their strengths and weaknesses and their key biomedical applications. Finally, this review will close with a perspective of potential future technological improvements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; BioSyM Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Elijah Y S Yew
- BioSyM Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Rowlands
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Li YC, Yeh TF, Huang HC, Chang HY, Lin CY, Cheng LC, Chang CY, Teng H, Chen SJ. Graphene oxide-based micropatterns via high-throughput multiphoton-induced reduction and ablation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:19726-34. [PMID: 25321055 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.019726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a developed temporal focusing-based femtosecond laser system provides high-throughput multiphoton-induced reduction and ablation of graphene oxide (GO) films. Integrated with a digital micromirror device to locally control the laser pulse numbers, GO-based micropatterns can be quickly achieved instantly. Furthermore, the degree of reduction and ablation can be precisely adjusted via controlling the laser wavelength, power, and pulse number. Compared to point-by-point scanning laser direct writing, this approach offers a high-throughput and multiple-function approach to accomplish a large area of micro-scale patterns on GO films. The high-throughput micropatterning of GO via the temporal focusing-based femtosecond laser system fulfills the requirement of mass production for GO-based applications in microelectronic devices.
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Cheng LC, Lien CH, Da Sie Y, Hu YY, Lin CY, Chien FC, Xu C, Dong CY, Chen SJ. Nonlinear structured-illumination enhanced temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy with a digital micromirror device. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:2526-36. [PMID: 25136483 PMCID: PMC4132986 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.002526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the light diffraction of temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) and the excitation patterning of nonlinear structured-illumination microscopy (NSIM) can be simultaneously and accurately implemented via a single high-resolution digital micromirror device. The lateral and axial spatial resolutions of the TFMPEM are remarkably improved through the second-order NSIM and projected structured light, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the lateral and axial resolutions are enhanced from 397 nm to 168 nm (2.4-fold) and from 2.33 μm to 1.22 μm (1.9-fold), respectively, in full width at the half maximum. Furthermore, a three-dimensionally rendered image of a cytoskeleton cell featuring ~25 nm microtubules is improved, with other microtubules at a distance near the lateral resolution of 168 nm also able to be distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chung Cheng
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Lien
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yong Da Sie
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Yuling Hu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ching Chien
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chen Yuan Dong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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40
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Hybrid multiphoton volumetric functional imaging of large-scale bioengineered neuronal networks. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3997. [PMID: 24898000 PMCID: PMC4113029 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar neural networks and interfaces serve as versatile in vitro models of central nervous system physiology, but adaptations of related methods to three dimensions (3D) have met with limited success. Here, we demonstrate for the first time volumetric functional imaging in a bio-engineered neural tissue growing in a transparent hydrogel with cortical cellular and synaptic densities, by introducing complementary new developments in nonlinear microscopy and neural tissue engineering. Our system uses a novel hybrid multiphoton microscope design combining a 3D scanning-line temporal-focusing subsystem and a conventional laser-scanning multiphoton microscope to provide functional and structural volumetric imaging capabilities: dense microscopic 3D sampling at tens of volumes/sec of structures with mm-scale dimensions containing a network of over 1000 developing cells with complex spontaneous activity patterns. These developments open new opportunities for large-scale neuronal interfacing and for applications of 3D engineered networks ranging from basic neuroscience to the screening of neuroactive substances.
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Yih JN, Hu YY, Sie YD, Cheng LC, Lien CH, Chen SJ. Temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation microscopy via digital micromirror device. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:3134-3137. [PMID: 24875995 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents an enhanced temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation (MPE) microscope in which the conventional diffraction grating is replaced by a digital micromirror device (DMD). Experimental results from imaging a thin fluorescence film show that the 4.0 μm axial resolution of the microscope is comparable with that of a setup incorporating a 600 lines/mm grating; hence, the optical sectioning ability of the proposed setup is demonstrated. Similar to a grating, the DMD diffracts illuminating light frequencies for temporal focusing; additionally, it generates arbitrary patterns. Since the DMD is placed on the image-conjugate plane of the objective lens' focal plane, the MPE pattern can be projected on the focal plane precisely.
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42
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Chang CY, Cheng LC, Su HW, Hu YY, Cho KC, Yen WC, Xu C, Dong CY, Chen SJ. Wavefront sensorless adaptive optics temporal focusing-based multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1768-77. [PMID: 24940539 PMCID: PMC4052910 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Temporal profile distortions reduce excitation efficiency and image quality in temporal focusing-based multiphoton microscopy. In order to compensate the distortions, a wavefront sensorless adaptive optics system (AOS) was integrated into the microscope. The feedback control signal of the AOS was acquired from local image intensity maximization via a hill-climbing algorithm. The control signal was then utilized to drive a deformable mirror in such a way as to eliminate the distortions. With the AOS correction, not only is the axial excitation symmetrically refocused, but the axial resolution with full two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) intensity is also maintained. Hence, the contrast of the TPEF image of a R6G-doped PMMA thin film is enhanced along with a 3.7-fold increase in intensity. Furthermore, the TPEF image quality of 1μm fluorescent beads sealed in agarose gel at different depths is improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Cheng
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Su
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Yuling Hu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chi Cho
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Yen
- Material & Electro-Optics Research Division, Chung-Shan Institute of Science Technology, Tao-Yuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Chen Yuan Dong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Macias-Romero C, Didier MEP, Zubkovs V, Delannoy L, Dutto F, Radenovic A, Roke S. Probing rotational and translational diffusion of nanodoublers in living cells on microsecond time scales. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:2552-2557. [PMID: 24735468 DOI: 10.1021/nl500356u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopes have seen an increase in popularity in the life sciences due to their molecular and structural specificity, high resolution, large penetration depth, and volumetric imaging capability. Nonetheless, the inherently weak optical signals demand long exposure times for live cell imaging. Here, by modifying the optical layout and illumination parameters, we can follow the rotation and translation of noncentrosymetric crystalline particles, or nanodoublers, with 50 μs acquisition times in living cells. The rotational diffusion can be derived from variations in the second harmonic intensity that originates from the rotation of the nanodoubler crystal axis. We envisage that by capitalizing on the biocompatibility, functionalizability, stability, and nondestructive optical response of the nanodoublers, novel insights on cellular dynamics are within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Macias-Romero
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics and ‡Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Sun B, Salter PS, Booth MJ. Effects of aberrations in spatiotemporal focusing of ultrashort laser pulses. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2014; 31:765-72. [PMID: 24695138 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.31.000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal focusing, or simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF), has already been adopted for various applications in microscopy, photoactivation for biological studies, and laser fabrication. We investigate the effects of aberrations on focus formation in SSTF, in particular, the effects of phase aberrations related to low-order Zernike modes and a refractive index mismatch between the immersion medium and sample. By considering a line focus, we are able to draw direct comparison between the performance of SSTF and conventional spatial focusing (SF). Wide-field SSTF is also investigated and is found to be much more robust to aberrations than either line SSTF or SF. These results show the sensitivity of certain focusing methods to specific aberrations, and can inform on the necessity and benefit of aberration correction.
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Choi H, Yew EYS, Hallacoglu B, Fantini S, Sheppard CJR, So PTC. Improvement of axial resolution and contrast in temporally focused widefield two-photon microscopy with structured light illumination. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:995-1005. [PMID: 23847726 PMCID: PMC3704103 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although temporally focused wide-field two-photon microscopy (TFM) can perform depth resolved wide field imaging, it cannot avoid the image degradation due to scattering of excitation and emission photons when imaging in a turbid medium. Further, its axial resolution is inferior to standard point-scanning two-photon microscopy. We implemented a structured light illumination for TFM and have shown that it can effectively reject the out-of-focus scattered emission photons improving image contrast. Further, the depth resolution of the improved system is dictated by the spatial frequency of the structure light with the potential of attaining depth resolution better than point-scanning two-photon microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Elijah Y. S. Yew
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Bertan Hallacoglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Sergio Fantini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Colin J. R. Sheppard
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 1613 Genova, Italy
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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Dana H, Kruger N, Ellman A, Shoham S. Line temporal focusing characteristics in transparent and scattering media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:5677-87. [PMID: 23482141 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.005677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Line illumination geometries have advantageous properties for temporal focusing nonlinear microscopy. The characteristics of line temporal focusing (LITEF) in transparent and scattering media are studied here both experimentally and using numerical model simulations. We introduce an approximate analytical formula for the dependence of axial sectioning on the laser and microscope's parameters. Furthermore, we show that LITEF is more robust to tissue scattering than wide-field temporal focusing, and can penetrate much deeper into scattering tissue while maintaining good sectioning capabilities. Based on these observations, we propose a new design for LITEF-based tissue imaging at depths that could potentially exceed the out-of-focus physical excitation limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hod Dana
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, The Technion – IIT, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has enabled unprecedented dynamic exploration in living organisms. A significant challenge in biological research is the dynamic imaging of features deep within living organisms, which permits the real-time analysis of cellular structure and function. To make progress in our understanding of biological machinery, optical microscopes must be capable of rapid, targeted access deep within samples at high resolution. In this Review, we discuss the basic architecture of a multiphoton microscope capable of such analysis and summarize the state-of-the-art technologies for the quantitative imaging of biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich E. Hoover
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jeff A. Squier
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Isobe K, Takeda T, Mochizuki K, Song Q, Suda A, Kannari F, Kawano H, Kumagai A, Miyawaki A, Midorikawa K. Enhancement of lateral resolution and optical sectioning capability of two-photon fluorescence microscopy by combining temporal-focusing with structured illumination. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2396-410. [PMID: 24298403 PMCID: PMC3829536 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate super-resolution imaging with background fluorescence rejection by interferometric temporal focusing microscopy, in which temporal focusing is combined with structured illumination. The lateral resolution and the optical sectioning capability are simultaneously improved by factors of 1.6 and 1.4, respectively, compared to conventional temporal focusing microscopy. Fluorescent beads (200 nm diameter) that are difficult to distinguish from the background fluorescence in conventional temporal focusing microscopy, are clearly visualized by interferometric temporal focusing microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Isobe
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takanori Takeda
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kyohei Mochizuki
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Qiyuan Song
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Suda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kannari
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiko Kumagai
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsumi Midorikawa
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Choi H, Tzeranis DS, Cha JW, Clémenceau P, de Jong SJG, van Geest LK, Moon JH, Yannas IV, So PTC. 3D-resolved fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging using temporal focusing wide-field two-photon excitation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012. [PMID: 23187477 PMCID: PMC3601594 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.026219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging are powerful techniques for studying intracellular protein interactions and for diagnosing tissue pathophysiology. While lifetime-resolved microscopy has long been in the repertoire of the biophotonics community, current implementations fall short in terms of simultaneously providing 3D resolution, high throughput, and good tissue penetration. This report describes a new highly efficient lifetime-resolved imaging method that combines temporal focusing wide-field multiphoton excitation and simultaneous acquisition of lifetime information in frequency domain using a nanosecond gated imager from a 3D-resolved plane. This approach is scalable allowing fast volumetric imaging limited only by the available laser peak power. The accuracy and performance of the proposed method is demonstrated in several imaging studies important for understanding peripheral nerve regeneration processes. Most importantly, the parallelism of this approach may enhance the imaging speed of long lifetime processes such as phosphorescence by several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02193,
USA
| | - Dimitrios S. Tzeranis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02193,
USA
| | - Jae Won Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02193,
USA
| | | | | | | | - Joong Ho Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199,
USA
| | - Ioannis V. Yannas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02193,
USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02193,
USA
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02193,
USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02193,
USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 20139,
USA
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602,
Singapore
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Li YC, Cheng LC, Chang CY, Lien CH, Campagnola PJ, Chen SJ. Fast multiphoton microfabrication of freeform polymer microstructures by spatiotemporal focusing and patterned excitation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:19030-8. [PMID: 23038543 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.019030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the limits of conventional scanning multiphoton microfabrication is its low throughput due to point-by-point processing. In order to surpass this limit, a multiphoton microfabrication system based on spatiotemporal focusing and patterned excitation has been developed to quickly provide three-dimensional (3D) freeform polymer microstructures. 3D freeform polymer microstructures using Rose Bengal as the photoinitiator are created by sequentially stacking two-dimensional fabricating patterns. The size of each fabrication area can be larger than 300 × 170 μm2 (full width at half maximum). Compared to conventional scanning multiphoton excitation and fixed mask pattern generation, this approach offers freeform microstructures and a greater than three-order increase in fabrication speed. Furthermore, the system is capable of optically sectioning the fabricated microstructures for providing 3D inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Li
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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