1
|
Yang S, Hu S. Perspectives on endoscopic functional photoacoustic microscopy. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2024; 125:030502. [PMID: 39022117 PMCID: PMC11251735 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Endoscopy, enabling high-resolution imaging of deep tissues and internal organs, plays an important role in basic research and clinical practice. Recent advances in photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), demonstrating excellent capabilities in high-resolution functional imaging, have sparked significant interest in its integration into the field of endoscopy. However, there are challenges in achieving functional PAM in the endoscopic setting. This Perspective article discusses current progress in the development of endoscopic PAM and the challenges related to functional measurements. Then, it points out potential directions to advance endoscopic PAM for functional imaging by leveraging fiber optics, microfabrication, optical engineering, and computational approaches. Finally, it highlights emerging opportunities for functional endoscopic PAM in basic and translational biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang B, Zhong H, Zhang J, Jiang J, Xiao J. Thin flexible photoacoustic endoscopic probe with a distal-driven micro-step motor for pump-probe-based high-specific molecular imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8308-8320. [PMID: 38439489 DOI: 10.1364/oe.514282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Conventional photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) is mostly for structural imaging, and its molecular imaging ability is quite limited. In this work, we address this issue and present the development of a flexible acoustic-resolution-based photoacoustic endoscopic (AR-PAE) probe with an outer diameter of 8 mm. This probe is driven by a micro-step motor at the distal end, enabling flexible and precise angular step control to synchronize with the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) lasers. This probe retains the high spatial resolution, high penetration depth, and spectroscopic imaging ability of conventional AR-PAE. Moreover, it is capable for background-free high-specific photoacoustic molecular imaging with a novel pump-probe detection technique, as demonstrated by the distribution visualizing of the FDA approved contrast agent methylene blue (MB) in an ex-vivo pig ileum. This proposed method represents an important technical advancement in multimodal PAE, and can potentially make considerable contributions across various biomedical fields.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang J, Yuan C, Zhang J, Xie Z, Xiao J. Spectroscopic photoacoustic/ultrasound/optical-microscopic multimodal intrarectal endoscopy for detection of centimeter-scale deep lesions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1136005. [PMID: 36777250 PMCID: PMC9909099 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1136005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The inadequacy of existing colorectal imaging tools has significantly obstructed the efficient detection of colorectal cancer. To address this issue, this work presents the cross-scale endoscopic imaging of rectal tumors with a combined photoacoustic/ultrasound tomography system and wide-field optical microscopy. This multimodal system combines the merits of centimeter-scale deep penetration, multi-spectral imaging, cross-scale imaging ability, low system cost, and 360° view in a single modality. Results indicated that the proposed system could reliably depict the location of the cancer invasion depth spectroscopically with indocyanine green The tumor angiogenesis can be well identified in the wide-field optical imaging mode, which helps to localize the tumors and guide the following photoacoustic/ultrasound scan. This work may facilitate the accurate characterization of colorectal cancer and promote the clinical translation of photoacoustic-based colorectal endoscopy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng Q, Wang H, Yang H, Jiang H, Chen Z, Lu Y, Feng PXL, Xie H. Thin ceramic PZT dual- and multi-frequency pMUT arrays for photoacoustic imaging. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:122. [PMID: 36407887 PMCID: PMC9668999 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized ultrasonic transducer arrays with multiple frequencies are key components in endoscopic photoacoustic imaging (PAI) systems to achieve high spatial resolution and large imaging depth for biomedical applications. In this article, we report on the development of ceramic thin-film PZT-based dual- and multi-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) arrays and the demonstration of their PAI applications. With chips sized 3.5 mm in length or 10 mm in diameter, square and ring-shaped pMUT arrays incorporating as many as 2520 pMUT elements and multiple frequencies ranging from 1 MHz to 8 MHz were developed for endoscopic PAI applications. Thin ceramic PZT with a thickness of 9 μm was obtained by wafer bonding and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) techniques and employed as the piezoelectric layer of the pMUT arrays, whose piezoelectric constant d 31 was measured to be as high as 140 pm/V. Benefiting from this high piezoelectric constant, the fabricated pMUT arrays exhibited high electromechanical coupling coefficients and large vibration displacements. In addition to electrical, mechanical, and acoustic characterization, PAI experiments with pencil leads embedded into an agar phantom were conducted with the fabricated dual- and multi-frequency pMUT arrays. Photoacoustic signals were successfully detected by pMUT elements with different frequencies and used to reconstruct single and fused photoacoustic images, which clearly demonstrated the advantages of using dual- and multi-frequency pMUT arrays to provide comprehensive photoacoustic images with high spatial resolution and large signal-to-noise ratio simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qincheng Zheng
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Huabei Jiang
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Zhenfang Chen
- MEMS Engineering and Materials Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA
| | - Yao Lu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Philip X.-L. Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Huikai Xie
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), 100081 Beijing, China
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, 400030 Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiao J, Jiang J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang B. Acoustic-resolution-based spectroscopic photoacoustic endoscopy towards molecular imaging in deep tissues. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:35014-35028. [PMID: 36242503 DOI: 10.1364/oe.469550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to many technical difficulties, the study of molecular photoacoustic endoscopic (PAE) imaging in deep tissues is limited. In this work, we have set up a multimodal acoustic-resolution-based PAE (AR-PAE) system to image the rabbit rectum and preliminarily explored the potential of molecular PAE for deep-seated targets in proof-of-concept. We developed an improved back-projection (IBP) algorithm for focused detection over the centimeter-scale imaging depth. We also developed a deep-learning-based algorithm to remove the electrical noise from the step motor to prevent data averaging for reduced scanning time. We injected a dose of indocyanine green (ICG) near the rabbit rectum and compared 2D and 3D photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) images at different wavelengths. We proposed incorporating a small camera to guide the slow PA/US endoscopic scan. Results show that this system has achieved a lateral resolution of about 0.77/0.65 mm for PA/US images with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 25/38 dB at an imaging depth of 1.4 cm. We found that the rectum wall and the ICG can be well distinguished spectroscopically. Results also show that the PA images at 532 nm have higher signal intensity and reflection artifacts from pelvic tendons and bones than those at longer wavelengths such as 800 nm. The proposed methods and the intuitive findings in this work may guide and promote the development of high-penetration molecular PAE.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim K, Youm JY, Lee EH, Gulenko O, Kim M, Yoon BH, Jeon M, Kim TH, Ha YS, Yang JM. Tapered catheter-based transurethral photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of the urinary system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26169-26181. [PMID: 36236812 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis is critical for treating bladder cancer, as this cancer is very aggressive and lethal if detected too late. To address this important clinical issue, a photoacoustic tomography (PAT)-based transabdominal imaging approach was suggested in previous reports, in which its in vivo feasibility was also demonstrated based on a small animal model. However, successful translation of this approach to real clinical settings would be challenging because the human bladder is located at a depth that far exceeds the typical penetration depth of PAT (∼3 cm for in vivo cases). In this study, we developed a tapered catheter-based, transurethral photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopic probe with a 2.8 mm outer diameter to investigate whether the well-known benefits of PAT can be harnessed to resolve unmet urological issues, including early diagnosis of bladder cancer. To demonstrate the in vivo imaging capability of the proposed imaging probe, we performed a rabbit model-based urinary system imaging experiment and acquired a 3D microvasculature map distributed in the wall of the urinary system, which is a first in PAT, to the best of our knowledge. We believe that the results strongly support the use of this transurethral imaging approach as a feasible strategy for addressing urological diagnosis issues.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren D, Li C, Shi J, Chen R. A Review of High-Frequency Ultrasonic Transducers for Photoacoustic Imaging Applications. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:1848-1858. [PMID: 34941509 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3138158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a new and rapidly growing hybrid biomedical imaging modality that combines the virtues of both optical and ultrasonic (US) imaging. The nature of the interaction between light and ultrasound waves allows PAI to make good use of the rich contrast produced by optics while retaining the imaging depths in US imaging. High-frequency US transducers are an important part of the PAI systems, used to detect the high-frequency and broad-bandwidth photoacoustic signals excited by the target tissues irradiated by short laser pulses. Advancement in high-frequency US transducer technology has influenced the boost of PAI to broad applications. Here, we present a review on high-frequency US transducer technologies for PAI applications, including advanced piezoelectric materials and representative transducers. In addition, we discuss the new challenges and directions facing the development of high-frequency US transducers for PAI applications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim M, Lee KW, Kim K, Gulenko O, Lee C, Keum B, Chun HJ, Choi HS, Kim CU, Yang JM. Intra-instrument channel workable, optical-resolution photoacoustic and ultrasonic mini-probe system for gastrointestinal endoscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 26:100346. [PMID: 35313458 PMCID: PMC8933520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been a long-standing expectation that the optical-resolution embodiment of photoacoustic tomography could have a substantial impact on gastrointestinal endoscopy by enabling microscopic visualization of the vasculature based on the endogenous contrast mechanism. Although multiple studies have demonstrated the in vivo imaging capability of a developed imaging device over the last decade, the implementation of such an endoscopic system that can be applied immediately when necessary via the instrument channel of a video endoscope has been a challenge. In this study, we developed a 3.38-mm diameter catheter-based, integrated optical-resolution photoacoustic and ultrasonic mini-probe system and successfully demonstrated its intra-instrument channel workability for the standard 3.7-mm diameter instrument channel of a clinical video endoscope based on a swine model. Through the instrument channel, we acquired the first in vivo dual-mode photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopic images from the esophagogastric junction of a swine. Further, in a rat colorectum in vivo imaging experiment, we visualized hierarchically developed mesh-like capillary networks with a hole size as small as ~50 µm, which suggests the potential level of image details that could be photoacoustically provided in clinical settings in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Center for Photoacoustic Medical Instruments, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Kang Won Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - KiSik Kim
- Center for Photoacoustic Medical Instruments, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Oleksandra Gulenko
- Center for Photoacoustic Medical Instruments, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Physics, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Bora Keum
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hoon Jai Chun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Chae Un Kim
- Department of Physics, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Joon-Mo Yang
- Center for Photoacoustic Medical Instruments, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Photoacoustic Imaging in Biomedicine and Life Sciences. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040588. [PMID: 35455079 PMCID: PMC9028050 DOI: 10.3390/life12040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-acoustic imaging, also known as opto-acoustic imaging, has become a widely popular modality for biomedical applications. This hybrid technique possesses the advantages of high optical contrast and high ultrasonic resolution. Due to the distinct optical absorption properties of tissue compartments and main chromophores, photo-acoustics is able to non-invasively observe structural and functional variations within biological tissues including oxygenation and deoxygenation, blood vessels and spatial melanin distribution. The detection of acoustic waves produced by a pulsed laser source yields a high scaling range, from organ level photo-acoustic tomography to sub-cellular or even molecular imaging. This review discusses significant novel technical solutions utilising photo-acoustics and their applications in the fields of biomedicine and life sciences.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is able to provide extremely high molecular
contrast while maintaining the superior imaging depth of ultrasound (US)
imaging. Conventional microscopic PA imaging has limited access to deeper tissue
due to strong light scattering and attenuation. Endoscopic PA technology enables
direct delivery of excitation light into the interior of a hollow organ or
cavity of the body for functional and molecular PA imaging of target tissue.
Various endoscopic PA probes have been developed for different applications,
including the intravascular imaging of lipids in atherosclerotic plaque and
endoscopic imaging of colon cancer. In this paper, the authors review
representative probe configurations and corresponding preclinical applications.
In addition, the potential challenges and future directions of endoscopic PA
imaging are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine,
Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine,
Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Cardiovascular
Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pang W, Wang Y, Guo L, Wang B, Lai P, Xiao J. Two-Dimensional Photoacoustic/Ultrasonic Endoscopic Imaging Based on a Line-Focused Transducer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:807633. [PMID: 35071214 PMCID: PMC8770734 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.807633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing acoustic-resolution photoacoustic/ultrasonic endoscopy (PA/USE) generally employs a point-focused transducer for ultrasound detection, which is only sensitive in its focal region, thus the lateral resolution and sensitivity drop dramatically when the targets move far from its focus. Even if a dynamic focusing algorithm is applied, the sensitivity out of the transducer focus is still much lower than that in the focus in ultrasonic imaging mode. In this work, we propose an acoustic-resolution PA/USE with a line-focused transducer to realize automatic focusing for the first time. In comparison to a point-focused transducer, the line-focused transducer emits a more uniform sound field, causing the original signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the front and rear targets to be closer in the radial direction, which is beneficial for improving target signal uniformity in ultrasonic imaging. Simultaneously, we improved the resolution of the defocus area by modifying a prior work of back-projection (BP) reconstruction algorithm typically used in point-focused transducer based PAE and applying it to line-focused PA/USE. This combined approach may significantly enhance the depth of field of ultrasonic imaging and the resolution of the defocus zone in PA/US imaging, compared to the conventional method. Sufficient numerical simulations and phantom experiments were performed to verify this method. The results show that our method can effectively improve the lateral resolution in the image's defocused region to achieve automatic focusing and perfectly solve the defect of the target signal difference in the far-focus region in ultrasonic imaging, while also enhancing the image SNR and contrast. The proposed method in this paper lays foundations for the realization of photoacoustic/ultrasonic combined endoscopy with enhanced lateral resolution and depth of field, which can potentially benefit a many of biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Pang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Puxiang Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiaying Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Activity-based photoacoustic probe for biopsy-free assessment of copper in murine models of Wilson's disease and liver metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106943118. [PMID: 34480005 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106943118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of high-performance photoacoustic (PA) probes that can monitor disease biomarkers in deep tissue has the potential to replace invasive medical procedures such as a biopsy. However, such probes must be optimized for in vivo performance and exhibit an exceptional safety profile. In this study, we have developed PACu-1, a PA probe designed for biopsy-free assessment (BFA) of hepatic Cu via photoacoustic imaging. PACu-1 features a Cu(I)-responsive trigger appended to an aza-BODIPY dye platform that has been optimized for ratiometric sensing. Owing to its excellent performance, we were able to detect basal levels of Cu in healthy wild-type mice as well as elevated Cu in a Wilson's disease model and in a liver metastasis model. To showcase the potential impact of PACu-1 for BFA, we conducted two blind studies in which we were able to successfully identify Wilson's disease animals from healthy control mice in each instance.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang B, Wang C, Zhong F, Pang W, Guo L, Peng K, Xiao J. 3D acoustic resolution-based photoacoustic endoscopy with dynamic focusing. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:685-696. [PMID: 33532268 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Acoustic resolution-based photoacoustic endoscopy (ARPAE) is a non-invasive potential tool for imaging gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. However, current ARPAE systems usually only provide 2D sectorial B-mode images, and have the limitation of the image quality significantly deteriorating out-of-focus regions due to transducers with fixed focus in these systems. To overcome these limitations, we put forward a modified back-projection method that can provide 3D images with dynamic focusing in ARPAE. Methods A graphics processing unit (GPU)-based parallel computation technique was adopted for efficient computation. Both simulated and phantom/ex-vivo experiments were conducted to validate our method. Results The findings indicated that our proposed method can effectively improve the lateral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the out-of-focus regions. For a target 3 mm from the transducer focus, the new method can improve 11 times in the lateral resolution, along with an improvement of up to 37 dB in the SNR. Conclusions 3D ARPAE provides high-quality imaging in both focus and out-of-focus regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangyi Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Huaxia Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiran Pang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Kuan Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaying Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ali Z, Zakian C, Ntziachristos V. Ultra-broadband axicon transducer for optoacoustic endoscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1654. [PMID: 33462279 PMCID: PMC7814136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Image performance in optoacoustic endoscopy depends markedly on the design of the transducer employed. Ideally, high-resolution performance is required over an expanded depth of focus. Current optoacoustic focused transducers achieve lateral resolutions in the range of tens of microns in the mesoscopic regime, but their depth of focus is limited to hundreds of microns by the nature of their spherical geometry. We designed an ultra-broadband axicon detector with a 2 mm central aperture and investigated whether the imaging characteristics exceeded those of a spherical detector of similar size. We show a previously undocumented ability to achieve a broadband elongated pencil-beam optoacoustic sensitivity with an axicon detection geometry, providing approximately 40 μm-lateral resolution maintained over a depth of focus of 950 μm—3.8 times that of the reference spherical detector. This performance could potentially lead to optoacoustic endoscopes that can visualize optical absorption deeper and with higher resolution than any other optical endoscope today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakiullah Ali
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Zakian
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He Z, Wang P, Ye X. Novel endoscopic optical diagnostic technologies in medical trial research: recent advancements and future prospects. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:5. [PMID: 33407477 PMCID: PMC7789310 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-020-00845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel endoscopic biophotonic diagnostic technologies have the potential to non-invasively detect the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the human body with subcellular resolution or to obtain biochemical information about tissue in real time. With the capability to visualize or analyze the diagnostic target in vivo, these techniques gradually developed as potential candidates to challenge histopathology which remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Consequently, many innovative endoscopic diagnostic techniques have succeeded in detection, characterization, and confirmation: the three critical steps for routine endoscopic diagnosis. In this review, we mainly summarize researches on emerging endoscopic optical diagnostic techniques, with emphasis on recent advances. We also introduce the fundamental principles and the development of those techniques and compare their characteristics. Especially, we shed light on the merit of novel endoscopic imaging technologies in medical research. For example, hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy provide direct molecular information, while optical coherence tomography and multi-photo endomicroscopy offer a more extensive detection range and excellent spatial-temporal resolution. Furthermore, we summarize the unexplored application fields of these endoscopic optical techniques in major hospital departments for biomedical researchers. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the future perspectives, as well as bottlenecks of those endoscopic optical diagnostic technologies. We believe all these efforts will enrich the diagnostic toolbox for endoscopists, enhance diagnostic efficiency, and reduce the rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu He
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of CAD and CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaur M, Lane PM, Menon C. Scanning and Actuation Techniques for Cantilever-Based Fiber Optic Endoscopic Scanners-A Review. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21010251. [PMID: 33401728 PMCID: PMC7795415 DOI: 10.3390/s21010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopes are used routinely in modern medicine for in-vivo imaging of luminal organs. Technical advances in the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and optical fields have enabled the further miniaturization of endoscopes, resulting in the ability to image previously inaccessible small-caliber luminal organs, enabling the early detection of lesions and other abnormalities in these tissues. The development of scanning fiber endoscopes supports the fabrication of small cantilever-based imaging devices without compromising the image resolution. The size of an endoscope is highly dependent on the actuation and scanning method used to illuminate the target image area. Different actuation methods used in the design of small-sized cantilever-based endoscopes are reviewed in this paper along with their working principles, advantages and disadvantages, generated scanning patterns, and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- MENRVA Research Group, Schools of Mechatronic Systems Engineering and Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, B.C. V3T 0A3, Canada;
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada;
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, B.C., V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Pierre M. Lane
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada;
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, B.C., V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Carlo Menon
- MENRVA Research Group, Schools of Mechatronic Systems Engineering and Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, B.C. V3T 0A3, Canada;
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang JM, Ghim CM. Photoacoustic Tomography Opening New Paradigms in Biomedical Imaging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1310:239-341. [PMID: 33834440 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
After the emergence of the ultrasound, X-ray CT, PET, and MRI, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is now in the phase of its exponential growth, with its expected full maturation being another form of mainstream clinical imaging modality. By combining the high contrast benefit of optical imaging and the high-resolution deep imaging capability of ultrasound, PAT can provide unprecedented anatomical image contrasts at clinically relevant depths as well as enable the use of a variety of functional and molecular imaging information, which is not possible with conventional imaging modalities. With these strengths, PAT has achieved numerous breakthroughs in various biomedical applications and also provided new technical platforms that may be able to resolve unmet issues in clinics. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the development of PAT technology for several major biomedical applications and provide an approximate projection of the future of PAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Mo Yang
- Center for Photoacoustic Medical Instruments, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol-Min Ghim
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Das D, Sharma A, Rajendran P, Pramanik M. Another decade of photoacoustic imaging. Phys Med Biol 2020; 66. [PMID: 33361580 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abd669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging - a hybrid biomedical imaging modality finding its way to clinical practices. Although the photoacoustic phenomenon was known more than a century back, only in the last two decades it has been widely researched and used for biomedical imaging applications. In this review we focus on the development and progress of the technology in the last decade (2010-2020). From becoming more and more user friendly, cheaper in cost, portable in size, photoacoustic imaging promises a wide range of applications, if translated to clinic. The growth of photoacoustic community is steady, and with several new directions researchers are exploring, it is inevitable that photoacoustic imaging will one day establish itself as a regular imaging system in the clinical practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiman Das
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SINGAPORE
| | - Arunima Sharma
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SINGAPORE
| | - Praveenbalaji Rajendran
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SINGAPORE
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, N1.3-B2-11, Singapore, 637457, SINGAPORE
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou J, Jokerst JV. Photoacoustic imaging with fiber optic technology: A review. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2020; 20:100211. [PMID: 33163358 PMCID: PMC7606844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has achieved remarkable growth in the past few decades since it takes advantage of both optical and ultrasound (US) imaging. In order to better promote the wide clinical applications of PAI, many miniaturized and portable PAI systems have recently been proposed. Most of these systems utilize fiber optic technologies. Here, we overview the fiber optic technologies used in PAI. This paper discusses three different fiber optic technologies: fiber optic light transmission, fiber optic US transmission, and fiber optic US detection. These fiber optic technologies are analyzed in different PAI modalities including photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), and minimally invasive photoacoustic imaging (MIPAI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guo H, Li Y, Qi W, Xi L. Photoacoustic endoscopy: A progress review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000217. [PMID: 32935920 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopy has been widely used in biomedical imaging and integrated with various optical and acoustic imaging modalities. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging modalities, is a noninvasive and nonionizing method that owns rich optical contrast, deep acoustic penetration depth, multiscale and multiparametric imaging capability. Hence, it is preferred to miniaturize the volume of PAI and develop an emerged endoscopic imaging modality referred to as photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE). It has been developed for more than one decade since the first report of PAE. Unfortunately, until now, there is no mature photoacoustic endoscopic technique recognized in clinic due to various technical limitations. To address this concern, recent development of new scanning mechanisms, adoption of novel optical/acoustic devices, utilization of superior computation methods and exploration of multimodality strategies have significantly promoted the progress of PAE toward clinic. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed recent progresses in single- and multimodality PAE with new physics, mechanisms and strategies to achieve practical devices for potential applicable scenarios including esophageal, gastrointestinal, urogenital and intravascular imaging. We ended this review with challenges and prospects for future development of PAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Guo
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
MacCuaig WM, Jones MA, Abeyakoon O, McNally LR. Development of Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography as a Clinically Translatable Modality for Cancer Imaging. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2020; 2:e200066. [PMID: 33330850 PMCID: PMC7706874 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.2020200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of optoacoustic imaging takes advantage of the photoacoustic effect to generate high-contrast, high-resolution medical images at penetration depths of up to 5 cm. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is a type of optoacoustic imaging system that has seen promising preclinical success with a recent emergence into the clinic. Multiwavelength illumination of tissue allows for the mapping of multiple chromophores, which are generated endogenously or exogenously. However, translation of MSOT to the clinic is still in its preliminary stages. For successful translation, MSOT requires refinement of probes and data-acquisition systems to tailor to the human body, along with more intuitive, real-time visualization settings. The possibilities of optoacoustic imaging, namely MSOT, in the clinic are reviewed here. ©RSNA, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oshaani Abeyakoon
- From the Stephenson Cancer Center (W.M.M., M.A.J., L.R.M.) and Department of Surgery (L.R.M.), University of Oklahoma, 755 Research Parkway, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla (W.M.M., M.A.J., L.R.M.); and Department of Interventional Radiology, University College Hospital London, London, England (O.A.)
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- From the Stephenson Cancer Center (W.M.M., M.A.J., L.R.M.) and Department of Surgery (L.R.M.), University of Oklahoma, 755 Research Parkway, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla (W.M.M., M.A.J., L.R.M.); and Department of Interventional Radiology, University College Hospital London, London, England (O.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang H, Ma Y, Yang H, Jiang H, Ding Y, Xie H. MEMS Ultrasound Transducers for Endoscopic Photoacoustic Imaging Applications. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E928. [PMID: 33053796 PMCID: PMC7601211 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is drawing extensive attention and gaining rapid development as an emerging biomedical imaging technology because of its high spatial resolution, large imaging depth, and rich optical contrast. PAI has great potential applications in endoscopy, but the progress of endoscopic PAI was hindered by the challenges of manufacturing and assembling miniature imaging components. Over the last decade, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology has greatly facilitated the development of photoacoustic endoscopes and extended the realm of applicability of the PAI. As the key component of photoacoustic endoscopes, micromachined ultrasound transducers (MUTs), including piezoelectric MUTs (pMUTs) and capacitive MUTs (cMUTs), have been developed and explored for endoscopic PAI applications. In this article, the recent progress of pMUTs (thickness extension mode and flexural vibration mode) and cMUTs are reviewed and discussed with their applications in endoscopic PAI. Current PAI endoscopes based on pMUTs and cMUTs are also introduced and compared. Finally, the remaining challenges and future directions of MEMS ultrasound transducers for endoscopic PAI applications are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Yifei Ma
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (H.Y.); (H.J.)
| | - Huabei Jiang
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (H.Y.); (H.J.)
| | - Yingtao Ding
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Huikai Xie
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.M.); (Y.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mezil S, Caravaca-Aguirre AM, Zhang EZ, Moreau P, Wang I, Beard PC, Bossy E. Single-shot hybrid photoacoustic-fluorescent microendoscopy through a multimode fiber with wavefront shaping. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:5717-5727. [PMID: 33149981 PMCID: PMC7587274 DOI: 10.1364/boe.400686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a minimally-invasive endoscope based on a multimode fiber that combines photoacoustic and fluorescence sensing. From the measurement of a transmission matrix during a prior calibration step, a focused spot is produced and raster-scanned over a sample at the distal tip of the fiber by use of a fast spatial light modulator. An ultra-sensitive fiber-optic ultrasound sensor for photoacoustic detection placed next to the fiber is combined with a photodetector to obtain both fluorescence and photoacoustic images with a distal imaging tip no larger than 250 µm. The high signal-to-noise ratio provided by wavefront shaping based focusing and the ultra-sensitive ultrasound sensor enables imaging with a single laser shot per pixel, demonstrating fast two-dimensional hybrid in vitro imaging of red blood cells and fluorescent beads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Mezil
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Edward Z. Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Irène Wang
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Paul C. Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Emmanuel Bossy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dangi A, Agrawal S, Datta GR, Srinivasan V, Kothapalli SR. Towards a Low-Cost and Portable Photoacoustic Microscope for Point-of-Care and Wearable Applications. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2020; 20:6881-6888. [PMID: 32601522 PMCID: PMC7323929 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2019.2935684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Several breakthrough applications in biomedical imaging have been reported in the recent years using advanced photoacoustic microscopy imaging systems. While two photon and other optical microscopy systems have recently emerged in portable and wearable form, there is much less work reported on the portable and wearable photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) systems. Working towards this goal, we report our studies on a low-cost and portable photoacoustic microscopy system that uses a custom fabricated 2.5 mm diameter ring ultrasound transducer integrated with a fiber-coupled laser diode. The ultrasound transducer is centered at 17.25 MHz, and shows ~ 45% and ~ 100% fractional bandwidths for ultrasound pulse-echo and photoacoustic A-line signals respectively. To achieve overall system portability, besides the imaging head, other backend imaging system components need to be readily portable as well. In this direction, we have studied the potential use of compact pre-amplifiers, scanning stages and microcontroller based data acquisition and reconstruction for photoacoustic imaging. The portable PAM system is validated by imaging phantoms embedded with light absorbing targets. Future directions that will likely help achieve a completely portable and wearable photoacoustic microscopy system are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Dangi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Sumit Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Gaurav Ramesh Datta
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Visweshwar Srinivasan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA and Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Seong M, Chen SL. Recent advances toward clinical applications of photoacoustic microscopy: a review. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1798-1812. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
26
|
Li G, Ye Z, Liang S, Chen SL. Miniature probe for dual-modality photoacoustic microscopy and white-light microscopy for image guidance: A prototype toward an endoscope. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960200. [PMID: 31920005 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) probe integrating white-light microscopy (WLM) modality that provides guidance for PAM imaging and complementary information is implemented. One single core of an imaging fiber bundle is employed to deliver a pulsed laser for photoacoustic excitation for PAM mode, which provides high resolution with deep penetration. Meanwhile, for WLM mode, the imaging fiber bundle is used to transmit two-dimensional superficial images. Lateral resolution of 7.2 μm for PAM is achieved. Since miniature components are used, the probe diameter is only 1.7 mm. Imaging of phantom and animals in vivo is conducted to show the imaging capability of the probe. The probe has several advantages by introducing the WLM mode, such as being able to conveniently identify regions of interest and align the focus for PAM mode. The prototype of an endoscope shows potential to facilitate clinical photoacoustic endoscopic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Li
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanhong Ye
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Liang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sung-Liang Chen
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lengenfelder B, Mehari F, Hohmann M, Löhr C, Waldner MJ, Schmidt M, Zalevsky Z, Klämpfl F. Contact-free endoscopic photoacoustic sensing using speckle analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900130. [PMID: 31468729 PMCID: PMC7065617 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) is an emerging imaging modality, which offers a high imaging penetration and a high optical contrast in soft tissue. Most of the developed endoscopic photoacoustic sensing systems use miniaturized contact ultrasound transducers or complex optical approaches. In this work, a new fiber-based detection technique using speckle analysis for contact-free signal detection is presented. Phantom and ex vivo experiments are performed in transmission and reflection mode for proof of concept. In summary, the potential of the technique for endoscopic photoacoustic signal detection is demonstrated. The new technique might help in future to broaden the applications of PAE in imaging or guiding minimally invasive laser procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lengenfelder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT)ErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT)ErlangenGermany
| | - Fanuel Mehari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT)ErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT)ErlangenGermany
| | - Martin Hohmann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT)ErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT)ErlangenGermany
| | - Cita Löhr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT)ErlangenGermany
| | - Maximilian J. Waldner
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT)ErlangenGermany
- Department of Medicine 1Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT)ErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT)ErlangenGermany
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT)ErlangenGermany
- Faculty of EngineeringBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Florian Klämpfl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT)ErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT)ErlangenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao T, Desjardins AE, Ourselin S, Vercauteren T, Xia W. Minimally invasive photoacoustic imaging: Current status and future perspectives. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2019; 16:100146. [PMID: 31871889 PMCID: PMC6909166 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging biomedical imaging modality that is based on optical absorption contrast, capable of revealing distinct spectroscopic signatures of tissue at high spatial resolution and large imaging depths. However, clinical applications of conventional non-invasive PAI systems have been restricted to examinations of tissues at depths less than a few cm due to strong light attenuation. Minimally invasive photoacoustic imaging (miPAI) has greatly extended the landscape of PAI by delivering excitation light within tissue through miniature fibre-optic probes. In the past decade, various miPAI systems have been developed with demonstrated applicability in several clinical fields. In this article, we present an overview of the current status of miPAI and our thoughts on future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Adrien E. Desjardins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Wenfeng Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
He H, Stylogiannis A, Afshari P, Wiedemann T, Steiger K, Buehler A, Zakian C, Ntziachristos V. Capsule optoacoustic endoscopy for esophageal imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800439. [PMID: 31034135 PMCID: PMC7065619 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Detection and monitoring of esophageal cancer severity require an imaging technique sensitive enough to detect early pathological changes in the esophagus and capable of analyzing the esophagus over 360 °in a non-invasive manner. Optoacoustic endoscopy (COE) has been shown to resolve superficial vascular structure of the esophageal lumen in rats and rabbits using catheter-type probes. Although these systems can work well in small animals, they are unsuitable for larger lumens with thicker walls as required for human esophageal screening, due to their lack of position stability along the full organ circumference, sub-optimal acoustic coupling and limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this work, we introduce a novel capsule COE system that provides high-quality 360° images of the entire lumen, specifically designed for typical dimensions of human esophagus. The pill-shaped encapsulated probe consists of a novel and highly sensitive ultrasound transducer fitted with an integrated miniature pre-amplifier, which increases SNR of 10 dB by minimizing artifacts during signal transmission compared to the configuration without the preamplifier. The scanner rotates helically around the central axis of the probe to capture three-dimensional images with uniform quality. We demonstrate for the first time ex vivo volumetric vascular network images to a depth of 2 mm in swine esophageal lining using COE. Vascular information can be resolved within the mucosa and submucosa layers as confirmed by histology of samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with antibody against vascular marker CD31. COE creates new opportunities for optoacoustic screening of esophageal cancer in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong He
- Institute of Biological and Medical ImagingHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Biological Imaging and TranslaTUMTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Antonios Stylogiannis
- Institute of Biological and Medical ImagingHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Biological Imaging and TranslaTUMTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Parastoo Afshari
- Institute of Biological and Medical ImagingHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Biological Imaging and TranslaTUMTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Tobias Wiedemann
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Department of PathologyKlinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Andreas Buehler
- Institute of Biological and Medical ImagingHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Biological Imaging and TranslaTUMTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Christian Zakian
- Institute of Biological and Medical ImagingHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Biological Imaging and TranslaTUMTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical ImagingHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Biological Imaging and TranslaTUMTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Y, Lu G, Chen JJ, Jing JC, Huo T, Chen R, Jiang L, Zhou Q, Chen Z. PMN-PT/Epoxy 1-3 composite based ultrasonic transducer for dual-modality photoacoustic and ultrasound endoscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2019; 15:100138. [PMID: 31440448 PMCID: PMC6698699 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic dual-modality photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) imaging has the capability of providing morphology and molecular information simultaneously. An ultrasonic transducer was applied for detecting PA signals and performing US imaging which determines the sensitivity and performance of a dual-modality PA/US system. In our study, a miniature single element 32-MHz lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) epoxy 1-3 composite based ultrasonic transducer was developed. A miniature endoscopic probe based on this transducer has been fabricated. Using the dual modality PA/US system with a PMN-PT/epoxy 1-3 composite based ultrasonic transducer, phantom and in vivo animal studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance. The preliminary results show enhanced bandwidths of the new ultrasonic transducer and improved signal-to-noise ratio of PA and US images of rat colorectal wall compared with PMN-PT and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) composite based ultrasonic transducers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jason J. Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Joseph C. Jing
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tiancheng Huo
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Laiming Jiang
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Corresponding author at: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chan J, Zheng Z, Bell K, Le M, Reza PH, Yeow JTW. Photoacoustic Imaging with Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers: Principles and Developments. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3617. [PMID: 31434241 PMCID: PMC6720758 DOI: 10.3390/s19163617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging imaging technique that bridges the gap between pure optical and acoustic techniques to provide images with optical contrast at the acoustic penetration depth. The two key components that have allowed PAI to attain high-resolution images at deeper penetration depths are the photoacoustic signal generator, which is typically implemented as a pulsed laser and the detector to receive the generated acoustic signals. Many types of acoustic sensors have been explored as a detector for the PAI including Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs), micro ring resonators (MRRs), piezoelectric transducers, and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs). The fabrication technique of CMUTs has given it an edge over the other detectors. First, CMUTs can be easily fabricated into given shapes and sizes to fit the design specifications. Moreover, they can be made into an array to increase the imaging speed and reduce motion artifacts. With a fabrication technique that is similar to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), CMUTs can be integrated with electronics to reduce the parasitic capacitance and improve the signal to noise ratio. The numerous benefits of CMUTs have enticed researchers to develop it for various PAI purposes such as photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) and photoacoustic endoscopy applications. For PACT applications, the main areas of research are in designing two-dimensional array, transparent, and multi-frequency CMUTs. Moving from the table top approach to endoscopes, some of the different configurations that are being investigated are phased and ring arrays. In this paper, an overview of the development of CMUTs for PAI is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Chan
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kevan Bell
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Martin Le
- Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Parsin Haji Reza
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - John T W Yeow
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jin X, Wang X, Xiong K, Yang S. High-resolution and extended-depth-of-field photoacoustic endomicroscopy by scanning-domain synthesis of optical beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:19369-19381. [PMID: 31503697 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.019369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic endomicroscopy (PAEM) is capable of imaging fine structures in digestive tract. However, conventional PAEM employs a tightly focused laser beam to irradiate the object, which results in a limited depth-of-field (DOF). Here, we propose a scanning-domain synthesis of optical beams (SDSOB) to optimize both transverse resolution and the DOF by synthetic effective focused beams in scanning domain for the PAEM. By utilizing the SDSOB technique, multiple defocused and scattered beams are refocused to synthesize virtual focuses covering a large range of depth. A transverse point spread function that is 5.7-time sharper, and a transverse spatial bandwidth that is 8.5-time broader than those of the conventional PAEM were simulatively obtained through SDSOB-PAEM at the defocus distance of 2.4 mm. We validated the transverse resolution improvement at both in- and out-focus positions via phantom experiments of carbon fibers. In addition, in vivo rabbit experiments were conducted to acquire vascular images over radial depth range of 900 µm. And further morphological analysis revealed that the SDSOB images were acquired with abundant vascular branches and nodes, large total-length and small average-length of blood vessels, which indicated that the SDSOB-PAEM achieved high-resolution imaging in distinct rectal layers. All these results suggest that the SDSOB-PAEM possesses high transverse resolution and extended DOF, which demonstrates the SDSOB-PAEM can provide more accurate information for clinical assessment.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lei H, Johnson LA, Eaton KA, Liu S, Ni J, Wang X, Higgins PDR, Xu G. Characterizing intestinal strictures of Crohn's disease in vivo by endoscopic photoacoustic imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:2542-2555. [PMID: 31143502 PMCID: PMC6524586 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.002542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is one type of inflammatory bowel disease where both inflammation and fibrosis cause the thickening of the bowel wall and development of the strictures. Accurate assessment of the strictures is critical for the management of CD because the fibrotic strictures must be removed surgically. In this study, a prototype capsule-shaped acoustic resolution photoacoustic (PA) endoscope, which can perform mulitwavelength side-view scanning, was developed to characterize the intestinal strictures of CD. The imaging performance of the probe was tested in phantom experiments and a rabbit trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) model with acute (inflammatory only) or chronic (mixed fibrotic and inflammatory) colitis in vivo. The motion artifacts due to intestinal peristalsis and the respiratory motion of the animals were compensated to improve image qualities. Quantitative molecular component images derived from multi-wavelength PA measurements of normal, acute and chronic intestinal strictures demonstrated statistically significant differences among the three groups that were confirmed by histopathology. A longitudinal study demonstrated the capability of the system in monitoring the development of fibrosis. The results suggest that the proposed novel, capsule-shaped acoustic resolution PA endoscope can be used to characterize fibrostenotic disease in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laura A. Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Eaton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shengchun Liu
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter D. R. Higgins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guan Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li H, Hou X, Lin R, Fan M, Pang S, Jiang L, Liu Q, Fu L. Advanced endoscopic methods in gastrointestinal diseases: a systematic review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:905-920. [PMID: 31281783 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.05.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopic imaging is the main method for detecting gastrointestinal diseases, which adversely affect human health. White light endoscopy (WLE) was the first method used for endoscopic examination and is still the preliminary step in the detection of gastrointestinal diseases during clinical examination. However, it cannot accurately diagnose gastrointestinal diseases owing to its poor correlation with histopathological diagnosis. In recent years, many advanced endoscopic methods have emerged to improve the detection accuracy by endoscopy. Chromoendoscopy (CE) enhances the contrast between normal and diseased tissues using biocompatible dye agents. Narrow band imaging (NBI) can improve the contrast between capillaries and submucosal vessels by changing the light source acting on the tissue using special filters to realize the visualization of the vascular structure. Flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) technique uses the reflectance spectrum estimation technique to obtain individual spectral images and reconstructs an enhanced image of the mucosal surface using three selected spectral images. The i-Scan technology takes advantage of the different reflective properties of normal and diseased tissues to obtain images, and enhances image contrast through post-processing algorithms. These abovementioned methods can be used to detect gastrointestinal diseases by observing the macroscopic structure of the digestive tract mucosa, but the ability of early cancer detection is limited with low resolution. However, based on the principle of confocal imaging, probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) can enable cellular visualization with high-performance probes, which can present cellular morphology that is highly consistent with that shown by biopsy to provide the possibility of early detection of cancer. Other endoscopic imaging techniques including endoscopic optical coherence tomography (EOCT) and photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE), are also promising for diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases. This review focuses on these technologies and aims to provide an overview of different technologies and their clinical applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengke Fan
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Suya Pang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longjie Jiang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ling Fu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Fuelled by innovation, optical microscopy plays a critical role in the life sciences and medicine, from basic discovery to clinical diagnostics. However, optical microscopy is limited by typical penetration depths of a few hundred micrometres for in vivo interrogations in the visible spectrum. Optoacoustic microscopy complements optical microscopy by imaging the absorption of light, but it is similarly limited by penetration depth. In this Review, we summarize progress in the development and applicability of optoacoustic mesoscopy (OPAM); that is, optoacoustic imaging with acoustic resolution and wide-bandwidth ultrasound detection. OPAM extends the capabilities of optical imaging beyond the depths accessible to optical and optoacoustic microscopy, and thus enables new applications. We explain the operational principles of OPAM, its placement as a bridge between optoacoustic microscopy and optoacoustic macroscopy, and its performance in the label-free visualization of tissue pathophysiology, such as inflammation, oxygenation, vascularization and angiogenesis. We also review emerging applications of OPAM in clinical and biological imaging.
Collapse
|
36
|
Li Y, Zhu Z, Jing JC, Chen JJ, Heidari E, He Y, Zhu J, Ma T, Yu M, Zhou Q, Chen Z. High-Speed Integrated Endoscopic Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging System. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2019; 25:7102005. [PMID: 31447542 PMCID: PMC6707714 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2018.2869614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic integrated photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging has the potential for early detection of the cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, slow imaging speed is one of the limitations for clinical translation. Here, we developed a high speed integrated endoscopic PA and US imaging system, which is able to perform PA and US imaging simultaneously up to 50 frames per second. Using this system, the architectural morphology and vasculature of the rectum wall were visualized from a Sprague Dawley rat in-vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Y. L. , Z. Z. , J. J. , J. C., E. H., Y. H., J. Z., and Z. Chen are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (; , ; ; ; ; ; ). T. M. , M. Y. and Q. Zhou are with Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA (; ; )
| | - Zhikai Zhu
- Y. L. , Z. Z. , J. J. , J. C., E. H., Y. H., J. Z., and Z. Chen are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (; , ; ; ; ; ; ). T. M. , M. Y. and Q. Zhou are with Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA (; ; )
| | - Joseph C Jing
- Y. L. , Z. Z. , J. J. , J. C., E. H., Y. H., J. Z., and Z. Chen are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (; , ; ; ; ; ; ). T. M. , M. Y. and Q. Zhou are with Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA (; ; )
| | - Jason J Chen
- Y. L. , Z. Z. , J. J. , J. C., E. H., Y. H., J. Z., and Z. Chen are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (; , ; ; ; ; ; ). T. M. , M. Y. and Q. Zhou are with Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA (; ; )
| | - Emon Heidari
- Y. L. , Z. Z. , J. J. , J. C., E. H., Y. H., J. Z., and Z. Chen are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (; , ; ; ; ; ; ). T. M. , M. Y. and Q. Zhou are with Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA (; ; )
| | - Youmin He
- Y. L. , Z. Z. , J. J. , J. C., E. H., Y. H., J. Z., and Z. Chen are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (; , ; ; ; ; ; ). T. M. , M. Y. and Q. Zhou are with Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA (; ; )
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Y. L. , Z. Z. , J. J. , J. C., E. H., Y. H., J. Z., and Z. Chen are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (; , ; ; ; ; ; ). T. M. , M. Y. and Q. Zhou are with Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA (; ; )
| | - Teng Ma
- Y. L. , Z. Z. , J. J. , J. C., E. H., Y. H., J. Z., and Z. Chen are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (; , ; ; ; ; ; ). T. M. , M. Y. and Q. Zhou are with Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA (; ; )
| | - Mingyue Yu
- Y. L. , Z. Z. , J. J. , J. C., E. H., Y. H., J. Z., and Z. Chen are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (; , ; ; ; ; ; ). T. M. , M. Y. and Q. Zhou are with Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA (; ; )
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Y. L. , Z. Z. , J. J. , J. C., E. H., Y. H., J. Z., and Z. Chen are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (; , ; ; ; ; ; ). T. M. , M. Y. and Q. Zhou are with Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA (; ; )
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Y. L. , Z. Z. , J. J. , J. C., E. H., Y. H., J. Z., and Z. Chen are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (; , ; ; ; ; ; ). T. M. , M. Y. and Q. Zhou are with Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA (; ; )
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Qu Y, Hu P, Shi J, Maslov K, Zhao P, Li C, Ma J, Garcia-Uribe A, Meyers K, Diveley E, Pizzella S, Muench L, Punyamurthy N, Goldstein N, Onwumere O, Alisio M, Meyenburg K, Maynard J, Helm K, Altieri E, Slaughter J, Barber S, Burger T, Kramer C, Chubiz J, Anderson M, McCarthy R, England SK, Macones GA, Stout MJ, Tuuli M, Wang LV. In vivo characterization of connective tissue remodeling using infrared photoacoustic spectra. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-6. [PMID: 30520275 PMCID: PMC6318810 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.12.121621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Premature cervical remodeling is a critical precursor of spontaneous preterm birth, and the remodeling process is characterized by an increase in tissue hydration. Nevertheless, current clinical measurements of cervical remodeling are subjective and detect only late events, such as cervical effacement and dilation. Here, we present a photoacoustic endoscope that can quantify tissue hydration by measuring near-infrared cervical spectra. We quantify the water contents of tissue-mimicking hydrogel phantoms as an analog of cervical connective tissue. Applying this method to pregnant women in vivo, we observed an increase in the water content of the cervix throughout pregnancy. The application of this technique in maternal healthcare may advance our understanding of cervical remodeling and provide a sensitive method for predicting preterm birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qu
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Peng Hu
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Junhui Shi
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Konstantin Maslov
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Peinan Zhao
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Chiye Li
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jun Ma
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Uribe
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Karen Meyers
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Emily Diveley
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Stephanie Pizzella
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Lisa Muench
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Nina Punyamurthy
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Naomi Goldstein
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Oji Onwumere
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Mariana Alisio
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Kaytelyn Meyenburg
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jennifer Maynard
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Kristi Helm
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Emma Altieri
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Janessia Slaughter
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Sabrina Barber
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Tracy Burger
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Christine Kramer
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jessica Chubiz
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Monica Anderson
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Ronald McCarthy
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Sarah K. England
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - George A. Macones
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Molly J. Stout
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Methodius Tuuli
- Washington University in St. Louis, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leitgeb RA, Baumann B. Multimodal Optical Medical Imaging Concepts Based on Optical Coherence Tomography. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2018; 6. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
|
39
|
Li Y, Lin R, Liu C, Chen J, Liu H, Zheng R, Gong X, Song L. In vivo photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-modality endoscopy with a miniaturized full field-of-view catheter. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800034. [PMID: 29635741 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopy is an essential clinical tool for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancer. A photoacoustic system that elegantly combines optical and ultrasound endoscopy advantages by providing high-sensitivity functional information and large imaging depth is a potentially powerful tool for GI tract imaging. Recently, several photoacoustic endoscopic imaging systems have been proposed and developed. However, the relatively large size and rigid length of the catheter make it difficult to translate them into wide clinical applications; while the existing system of a relatively small catheter, capable of in vivo animal imaging, is unable to acquire full (360°) field-of-view cross-section images. In this study, we developed a photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-modality endoscopic system and a corresponding miniaturized, encapsulated imaging catheter, which provides a full 360° field-of-view. The diameter of the catheter is 2.5 mm, which is compatible with the 2.8-mm instrumental channel of a conventional clinical optical endoscope. Using this system, we demonstrate in vivo 3-dimensional endoscopic photoacoustic/ultrasonic imaging of the colorectum of a healthy Sprague Dawley rat, by depicting vasculature and morphology of the GI tract. The significantly improved imaging field of view, reduced catheter size, high-quality imaging results suggest that the developed photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-modality endoscopy has a great potential to be translated into a broad range of clinical applications in gastroenterology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Riqiang Lin
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongqin Zheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Gong
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Song
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dangi A, Agrawal S, Lieberknecht J, Zhang J, Kothapalli SR. Ring ultrasound transducer based miniaturized photoacoustic imaging system. PROCEEDINGS OF IEEE SENSORS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SENSORS 2018; 2018:10.1109/ICSENS.2018.8589908. [PMID: 31327982 PMCID: PMC6641549 DOI: 10.1109/icsens.2018.8589908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years photoacoustic microscopy systems have attracted significant attention from biomedical researchers due to its ability to provide label-free imaging of hemoglobin (vasculature), lipids, and melanin with high spatial and temporal resolutions even from deeper (> 1 mm) depths inside biological tissue. This work reports the development of a low-cost and miniaturized photoacoustic (PA) imaging device for microscopy applications. A ring ultrasound transducer with 2.5 mm outer diameter and 0.5 mm inner diameter is fabricated using a 150 μm thick PZT element as the piezoelectric layer. The ring ultrasound transducer is integrated with a pulsed laser diode with integrated optical fiber which is coaxially fed through the transducer. Raster scanning of the integrated device is used to obtain 3 dimensional images of a tissue-mimicking phantom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Dangi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sumit Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jedidah Lieberknecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jason Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
He H, Buehler A, Bozhko D, Jian X, Cui Y, Ntziachristos V. Importance of Ultrawide Bandwidth for Optoacoustic Esophagus Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:1162-1167. [PMID: 29727279 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2017.2777891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic (photoacoustic) endoscopy has shown potential to reveal complementary contrast to optical endoscopy methods, indicating clinical relevance. However operational parameters for accurate optoacoustic endoscopy must be specified for optimal performance. Recent support from the EU Horizon 2020 program ESOTRAC to develop a next-generation optoacoustic esophageal endoscope directs the interrogation of the optimal frequency required for accurate implementation. We simulated the frequency response of the esophagus wall and then validated the simulation results with experimental measurements of pig esophagus. Phantoms and fresh pig esophagus samples were measured using two detectors with central frequencies of 15 or 50 MHz, and the imaging performance of both detectors was compared. We analyzed the frequency bandwidth of optoacoustic signals in relation to morphological layer structures of the esophagus and found the 50 MHz detector to differentiate layer structures better than the 15 MHz detector. Furthermore, we identify the necessary detection bandwidth for visualizing esophagus morphology and selecting ultrasound transducers for future optoacoustic endoscopy of the esophagus.
Collapse
|
42
|
Xiong K, Yang S, Li X, Xing D. Autofocusing optical-resolution photoacoustic endoscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1846-1849. [PMID: 29652380 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) endoscopy has the potential to diagnose early diseases in the gastrointestinal tract. For the first time, to our knowledge, we developed an autofocusing PA endoscope (AF-PAE) for the usually irregular gastrointestinal tract imaging to solve the deterioration of transverse resolution caused by the defocus scanning of the probe. The 9-mm-diameter AF-PAE probe integrated a 6-mm aspheric lens and 6-mm liquid lens to automatically adjust the optical focal length, and an unfocused ultrasonic transducer with a center frequency of 15 MHz is coaxially set for detecting PA signals. With this probe, the AF-PAE achieved a focus-shifting range from approximately 2 to 10 mm with high transverse resolution and image contrast in a 360° field of view. Phantom experiment and vasculature distribution of a resected rabbit rectum have been performed to demonstrate the imaging ability of the AF-PAE for potential clinical applications in colorectal vessel imaging and subsequent diagnosis.
Collapse
|
43
|
Guo Z, Li Y, Chen SL. Miniature probe for in vivo optical- and acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1119-1122. [PMID: 29489793 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a miniature probe capable of both optical-resolution (OR) and acoustic-resolution (AR) photoacoustic microscopy. A gradient-index-lens fiber and a multimode fiber are used to deliver light for OR and AR illumination, respectively. The probe achieves lateral resolution of 3.1 μm for OR mode and 46-249 μm (at depth of 1.2-4.3 mm) for AR mode, respectively. The size of the probe attains 3.7 mm in diameter, which can be used for endoscopic applications. In vivo imaging of several different parts of a mouse demonstrates the excellent imaging ability of the probe.
Collapse
|
44
|
Moothanchery M, Bi R, Kim JY, Jeon S, Kim C, Olivo M. Optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy based on multimode fibers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018. [PMID: 29541512 PMCID: PMC5846522 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a multiscale imaging technique. In optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), a single mode (SM) fiber is normally used as the source of optical excitation to be focused into a diffraction-limited spot. Recent advances in OR-PAM have improved its imaging speed using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Here we report for the first time the use of a multimode (MM) fiber as the optical excitation source for high resolution OR-PAM in vivo imaging. A high-speed MEMS scanner based OR-PAM system combined with the mechanical movement to provide wide area imaging was used. The use of multimode fiber for achieving tight optical focus would make the optical alignment easier and high repetition rate light delivery possible for high-speed OR-PAM imaging. A lateral resolution of 3.5 µm and axial resolution of 27 µm with ~1.5 mm imaging depth was successfully demonstrated using the system. The efficacy of multimode fibers for achieving tight focus is beneficial for developing high-resolution photoacoustic endoscopy systems and can be combined with other optical endoscopic imaging modalities as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohesh Moothanchery
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Renzhe Bi
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Seungwan Jeon
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Malini Olivo
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cai D, Li G, Xia D, Li Z, Guo Z, Chen SL. Synthetic aperture focusing technique for photoacoustic endoscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:20162-20171. [PMID: 29041700 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) is a promising tool for the detection of atherosclerotic plaque. In this work, we propose a novel design of a side-viewing PAE probe based on a synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) to enable high transverse resolution over large depth of focus (DOF) along the radial direction. A point-like ultrasonic detector is used to ensure a wide detection angle and thus a large synthetic aperture for SAFT. We first perform numerical simulation to optimize the PAE probe design, which involves the placement of the point-like detector and the diameter of a reflection rod mirror. Then, experiments are conducted based on the optimized probe design. High transverse resolution of 115-190 µm over large DOF of 3.5 mm along the radial direction is experimentally obtained. The SAFT-based PAE holds promise for endoscopic imaging with a high transverse resolution for both the surface and deep regions of tissue.
Collapse
|
46
|
Upputuri PK, Pramanik M. Recent advances toward preclinical and clinical translation of photoacoustic tomography: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:41006. [PMID: 27893078 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.4.041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kumar Upputuri
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zou C, Wu B, Dong Y, Song Z, Zhao Y, Ni X, Yang Y, Liu Z. Biomedical photoacoustics: fundamentals, instrumentation and perspectives on nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 12:179-195. [PMID: 28053532 PMCID: PMC5191855 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s124218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an integrated biomedical imaging modality which combines the advantages of acoustic deep penetration and optical high sensitivity. It can provide functional and structural images with satisfactory resolution and contrast which could provide abundant pathological information for disease-oriented diagnosis. Therefore, it has found vast applications so far and become a powerful tool of precision nanomedicine. However, the investigation of PAI-based imaging nanomaterials is still in its infancy. This perspective article aims to summarize the developments in photoacoustic technologies and instrumentations in the past years, and more importantly, present a bright outlook for advanced PAI-based imaging nanomaterials as well as their emerging biomedical applications in nanomedicine. Current challenges and bottleneck issues have also been discussed and elucidated in this article to bring them to the attention of the readership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Beibei Wu
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Yanyan Dong
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Zhangwei Song
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Xianwei Ni
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bui NQ, Hlaing KK, Lee YW, Kang HW, Oh J. Ex vivodetection of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques using intravascular ultrasonic-photoacoustic imaging. Phys Med Biol 2016; 62:501-516. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa4f6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
49
|
Zhou Y, Yao J, Wang LV. Tutorial on photoacoustic tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:61007. [PMID: 27086868 PMCID: PMC4834026 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.061007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has become one of the fastest growing fields in biomedical optics. Unlike pure optical imaging, such as confocal microscopy and two-photon microscopy, PAT employs acoustic detection to image optical absorption contrast with high-resolution deep into scattering tissue. So far, PAT has been widely used for multiscale anatomical, functional, and molecular imaging of biological tissues. We focus on PAT’s basic principles, major implementations, imaging contrasts, and recent applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Junjie Yao
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xiao J, Li Y, Jin W, Peng K, Zhu Z, Wang B. Photoacoustic endoscopy with hollow structured lens-focused polyvinylidine fluoride transducer. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:2301-2305. [PMID: 27140566 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, most transducers in photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) are ceramic based, which are complicated to fabricate and are expensive. In this work, we have for the first time presented a hollow structured epoxy lens-focused transducer that was based on a 52 μm thick polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) film for the purpose of PAE imaging. Intensive field characteristic tests were performed on transducers with different lens curvatures, and results show that with the 6 mm fixed aperture, a lateral resolution less than 0.5 mm can be obtained with a focal length around 19 mm, which is close to the theoretical calculations. The PAE application of the built transducer was also demonstrated with phantom experiments. Compared with the commonly used ceramic-based transducers, the proposed method has greatly reduced the design and fabrication cost of the hollow structured focused transducer as required in PAE, and facilitated the development of the PAE system in lab conditions. The built transducer may play an important role in the PAE imaging of some relatively large human structures and organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract and the cervical canal.
Collapse
|