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Durst ME, Yurak S, Moscatelli J, Linhares I, Vargas R. Remote Focusing in a Temporal Focusing Microscope. OSA CONTINUUM 2021; 4:2757-2770. [PMID: 35531308 PMCID: PMC9075704 DOI: 10.1364/osac.443116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In a temporal focusing microscope, dispersion can remotely shift the temporal focal plane axially, but only a single depth can be in focus at a time on a fixed camera. In this paper, we demonstrate remote focusing in a temporal focusing microscope. Dispersion tuning with an electrically tunable lens (ETL) in a 4 f pulse shaper scans the excitation plane axially, and another ETL in the detection path keeps the shifted excitation plane in focus on the camera. Image stacks formed using two ETLs versus a traditional stage scan are equivalent.
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2
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Zhuang C, Li X, Zhang Y, Kong L, Xie H, Dai Q. Photobleaching Imprinting Enhanced Background Rejection in Line-Scanning Temporal Focusing Microscopy. Front Chem 2021; 8:618131. [PMID: 33392156 PMCID: PMC7773834 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.618131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with two-photon point-scanning microscopy, two-photon temporal focusing microscopy (2pTFM) provides a parallel high-speed imaging strategy with optical sectioning capability. Owing to out-of-focus fluorescence induced by scattering, 2pTFM suffers deteriorated signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for deep imaging in turbid tissue, Here, we utilized the photobleaching property of fluorophore to eliminate out-of-focus fluorescence. According to different decay rates in different focal depth, we extract the in-focus signals out of backgrounds through time-lapse images. We analyzed the theoretical foundations of photobleaching imprinting of the line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy, simulated implementation for background rejection, and demonstrated the contrast enhancement in MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells and cleared Thy1-YFP mouse brains. More than 50% of total background light rejection was achieved, providing higher SBR images of the MCF-10A samples and mouse brains. The photobleaching imprinting method can be easily adapted to other fluorescence dyes or proteins, which may have application in studies involving relatively large and nontransparent organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhuang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing, China
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3
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Chang CY, Lin CY, Hu YY, Tsai SF, Hsu FC, Chen SJ. Temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy with optimized parallel multiline scanning for fast biotissue imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200171RR. [PMID: 33386708 PMCID: PMC7778456 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.1.016501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Line scanning-based temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy (TFMPM) has superior axial excitation confinement (AEC) compared to conventional widefield TFMPM, but the frame rate is limited due to the limitation of the single line-to-line scanning mechanism. The development of the multiline scanning-based TFMPM requires only eight multiline patterns for full-field uniform multiphoton excitation and it still maintains superior AEC. AIM The optimized parallel multiline scanning TFMPM is developed, and the performance is verified with theoretical simulation. The system provides a sharp AEC equivalent to the line scanning-based TFMPM, but fewer scans are required. APPROACH A digital micromirror device is integrated in the TFMPM system and generates the multiline pattern for excitation. Based on the result of single-line pattern with sharp AEC, we can further model the multiline pattern to find the best structure that has the highest duty cycle together with the best AEC performance. RESULTS The AEC is experimentally improved to 1.7 μm from the 3.5 μm of conventional TFMPM. The adopted multiline pattern is akin to a pulse-width-modulation pattern with a spatial period of four times the diffraction-limited line width. In other words, ideally only four π / 2 spatial phase-shift scans are required to form a full two-dimensional image with superior AEC instead of image-size-dependent line-to-line scanning. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the developed parallel multiline scanning-based TFMPM has the multiline pattern for sharp AEC and the least scans required for full-field uniform excitation. In the experimental results, the temporal focusing-based multiphoton images of disordered biotissue of mouse skin with improved axial resolution due to the near-theoretical limit AEC are shown to clearly reduce background scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yun Lin
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Y. Hu
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chun Hsu
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
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4
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Papagiakoumou E, Ronzitti E, Emiliani V. Scanless two-photon excitation with temporal focusing. Nat Methods 2020; 17:571-581. [PMID: 32284609 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Temporal focusing, with its ability to focus light in time, enables scanless illumination of large surface areas at the sample with micrometer axial confinement and robust propagation through scattering tissue. In conventional two-photon microscopy, widely used for the investigation of intact tissue in live animals, images are formed by point scanning of a spatially focused pulsed laser beam, resulting in limited temporal resolution of the excitation. Replacing point scanning with temporally focused widefield illumination removes this limitation and represents an important milestone in two-photon microscopy. Temporal focusing uses a diffusive or dispersive optical element placed in a plane conjugate to the objective focal plane to generate position-dependent temporal pulse broadening that enables axially confined multiphoton absorption, without the need for tight spatial focusing. Many techniques have benefitted from temporal focusing, including scanless imaging, super-resolution imaging, photolithography, uncaging of caged neurotransmitters and control of neuronal activity via optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Papagiakoumou
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France
| | - Emiliano Ronzitti
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France.
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5
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Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has long been a valuable tool for biological and medical imaging. Control of optical parameters such as the amplitude, phase, polarization and propagation angle of light gives fluorescence imaging great capabilities ranging from super-resolution imaging to long-term real-time observation of living organisms. In this review, we discuss current fluorescence imaging techniques in terms of the use of tailored or structured light for the sample illumination and fluorescence detection, providing a clear overview of their working principles and capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Tang
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jinhan Ren
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kyu Young Han
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhou T, Hu X, Li X, Xie H, Fang L, Kong L, Dai Q. Overcoming tissue scattering in wide-field two-photon imaging by extended detection and computational reconstruction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20117-20132. [PMID: 31510112 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compared to point-scanning multiphoton microscopy, line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy (LTFM) is competitive in high imaging speed while maintaining tight axial confinement. However, considering its wide-field detection mode, LTFM suffers from shallow penetration depth as a result of the crosstalk induced by tissue scattering. In contrast to the spatial filtering based on confocal slit detection, here we propose the extended detection LTFM (ED-LTFM), the first wide-field two-photon imaging technique to extract signals from scattered photons and thus effectively extend the imaging depth. By recording a succession of line-shape excited signals in 2D and reconstructing signals under Hessian regularization, we can push the depth limitation of wide-field imaging in scattering tissues. We validate the concept with numerical simulations, and demonstrate the performance of enhanced imaging depth in in vivo imaging of mouse brains.
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Weisenburger S, Tejera F, Demas J, Chen B, Manley J, Sparks FT, Martínez Traub F, Daigle T, Zeng H, Losonczy A, Vaziri A. Volumetric Ca 2+ Imaging in the Mouse Brain Using Hybrid Multiplexed Sculpted Light Microscopy. Cell 2019; 177:1050-1066.e14. [PMID: 30982596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium imaging using two-photon scanning microscopy has become an essential tool in neuroscience. However, in its typical implementation, the tradeoffs between fields of view, acquisition speeds, and depth restrictions in scattering brain tissue pose severe limitations. Here, using an integrated systems-wide optimization approach combined with multiple technical innovations, we introduce a new design paradigm for optical microscopy based on maximizing biological information while maintaining the fidelity of obtained neuron signals. Our modular design utilizes hybrid multi-photon acquisition and allows volumetric recording of neuroactivity at single-cell resolution within up to 1 × 1 × 1.22 mm volumes at up to 17 Hz in awake behaving mice. We establish the capabilities and potential of the different configurations of our imaging system at depth and across brain regions by applying it to in vivo recording of up to 12,000 neurons in mouse auditory cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Weisenburger
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Tejera
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Demas
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon Chen
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Manley
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fraser T Sparks
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tanya Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria; The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Lou K, Wang B, Jee AY, Granick S, Amblard F. Deep line-temporal focusing with high axial resolution and a large field-of-view using intracavity control and incoherent pulse shaping. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4919-4922. [PMID: 30320783 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Line-temporal focusing has been recognized as an elegant strategy that provides two-photon microscopy with an effective means for fast imaging through parallelization, together with an improved resilience to scattering for deep imaging. However, the axial resolution remains sub-optimal, except when using high NA objectives and a small field-of-view. With the introduction of an intracavity control of the spectral width of the femtosecond laser to adaptively fill the back aperture of the objective lens, line-temporal focusing two-photon microscopy is demonstrated to reach near-diffraction-limited axial resolution with a large back-aperture objective lens, and improved immunity to sample scattering. In addition, a new incoherent flattop beam shaping method is proposed which provides a uniform contrast with little degradation of the axial resolution along the focus line, even deep in the sample. This is demonstrated in large volumetric imaging of mouse lung samples.
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Zhang Y, Kong L, Xie H, Han X, Dai Q. Enhancing axial resolution and background rejection in line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy by focal modulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:21518-21526. [PMID: 30130858 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.021518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Compared with two-photon point-scanning microscopy, line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy breaks the limitation on imaging rate and maintains the axial resolution, which makes it promising for various biomedical studies. However, for deep tissue imaging, it suffers from reduced axial resolution and increased background noise due to sample induced wavefront distortion. Here, we propose a spatio-spectral focal modulation technique to enhance axial resolution and background rejection by simply subtracting an aberrated image, which is induced by a spatial light modulator, from an unaberrated image. The proposed technique could improve the axial resolution by a factor of 1.3 in our implementation, verified by both simulations and experiments. Besides, we show that compared with spatial modulation alone, spatio-spectral modulation induces less peak intensity loss caused by image subtraction. We further demonstrate the performance of our technique on the enhanced axial resolution and background rejection by deep imaging of cleared mouse brains and in vivo imaging of living mouse brains.
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10
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Weisenburger S, Vaziri A. A Guide to Emerging Technologies for Large-Scale and Whole-Brain Optical Imaging of Neuronal Activity. Annu Rev Neurosci 2018; 41:431-452. [PMID: 29709208 PMCID: PMC6037565 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian brain is a densely interconnected network that consists of millions to billions of neurons. Decoding how information is represented and processed by this neural circuitry requires the ability to capture and manipulate the dynamics of large populations at high speed and high resolution over a large area of the brain. Although the use of optical approaches by the neuroscience community has rapidly increased over the past two decades, most microscopy approaches are unable to record the activity of all neurons comprising a functional network across the mammalian brain at relevant temporal and spatial resolutions. In this review, we survey the recent development in optical technologies for Ca2+ imaging in this regard and provide an overview of the strengths and limitations of each modality and its potential for scalability. We provide guidance from the perspective of a biological user driven by the typical biological applications and sample conditions. We also discuss the potential for future advances and synergies that could be obtained through hybrid approaches or other modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Weisenburger
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
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11
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Lou K, Granick S, Amblard F. How to better focus waves by considering symmetry and information loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6554-6559. [PMID: 29899145 PMCID: PMC6042095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803652115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We amend the general belief that waves with extended spherical wavefront focus at their center of curvature. Instead, when the spherical symmetry of waves is broken by propagating them through a finite aperture along an average direction, the forward/backward symmetry is broken and the focal volume shifts its center backward along that direction. The extent of this focal shift increases as smaller apertures are used, up to the point that the nominal focal plane is out of focus. Furthermore, the loss of axial symmetry with noncircular apertures causes distinct focal shifts in distinct axial planes, and the resulting astigmatism possibly degrades the axial focusing resolution. Using experiments and simulations, focal shift with noncircular apertures is described for classical and temporal focusing. The usefulness of these conclusions to improve imaging resolution is demonstrated in a high-resolution optical microscopy application, namely line-temporal focusing microscopy. These conclusions follow from fundamental symmetries of the wave geometry and matter for an increasing number of emerging optical techniques. This work offers a general framework and strategy to understand and improve virtually any wave-based application whose efficacy depends on optimal focusing and may be helpful when information is transmitted by waves in applications from electromagnetic communications, to biological and astronomical imaging, to lithography and even warfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lou
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Steve Granick
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea;
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - François Amblard
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea;
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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12
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Sun B, Salter PS, Roider C, Jesacher A, Strauss J, Heberle J, Schmidt M, Booth MJ. Four-dimensional light shaping: manipulating ultrafast spatiotemporal foci in space and time. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:17117. [PMID: 30839626 PMCID: PMC6107044 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The spectral dispersion of ultrashort pulses allows the simultaneous focusing of light in both space and time, which creates so-called spatiotemporal foci. Such space-time coupling may be combined with the existing holographic techniques to give a further dimension of control when generating focal light fields. In the present study, it is shown that a phase-only hologram placed in the pupil plane of an objective and illuminated by a spatially chirped ultrashort pulse can be used to generate three-dimensional arrays of spatio-temporally focused spots. By exploiting the pulse front tilt generated at focus when applying simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF), it is possible to overlap neighboring foci in time to create a smooth intensity distribution. The resulting light field displays a high level of axial confinement, with experimental demonstrations given through two-photon microscopy and the non-linear laser fabrication of glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangshan Sun
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Patrick S Salter
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Clemens Roider
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Mullerstrasse 44, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Alexander Jesacher
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Mullerstrasse 44, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Johannes Strauss
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Johannes Heberle
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Martin J Booth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
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Li Z, Hou J, Suo J, Qiao C, Kong L, Dai Q. Contrast and resolution enhanced optical sectioning in scattering tissue using line-scanning two-photon structured illumination microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:32010-32020. [PMID: 29245869 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.032010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical sectioning imaging with high spatial resolution deep inside scattering samples such as mammalian brain is of great interest in biological study. Conventional two-photon microscopy deteriorates in focus when light scattering increases. Here we develop an optical sectioning enhanced two-photon technique which incorporates structured illumination into line-scanning spatial-temporal focusing microscopy (LTSIM), and generate patterned illumination via laser intensity modulation synchronized with scanning. LTSIM brings scattering background elimination and in-focus contrast enhancement, and realizes nearly 2-fold increase in spatial resolution to ∼208 nm laterally and ∼0.94 µm axially. In addition, the intensity modulated line-scanning implementation of LTSIM enables fast and flexible generation of structured illumination, permitting adjustable spatial frequency profiles to optimize image contrast. The highly qualified optical sectioning ability of our system is demonstrated on samples including tissue phantom, C. elegans and mouse brain at depths over hundreds of microns.
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14
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Žurauskas M, Barnstedt O, Frade-Rodriguez M, Waddell S, Booth MJ. Rapid adaptive remote focusing microscope for sensing of volumetric neural activity. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4369-4379. [PMID: 29082071 PMCID: PMC5654786 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to record neural activity in the brain of a living organism at cellular resolution is of great importance for defining the neural circuit mechanisms that direct behavior. Here we present an adaptive two-photon microscope optimized for extraction of neural signals over volumes in intact Drosophila brains, even in the presence of specimen motion. High speed volume imaging was made possible through reduction of spatial resolution while maintaining the light collection efficiency of a high resolution, high numerical aperture microscope. This enabled simultaneous recording of odor-evoked calcium transients in a defined volume of mushroom body Kenyon cell bodies in a live fruit fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Žurauskas
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Oliver Barnstedt
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Maria Frade-Rodriguez
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Scott Waddell
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Martin J. Booth
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
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15
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Enhanced Axial Resolution of Wide-Field Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy by Line Scanning Using a Digital Micromirror Device. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8. [PMID: 29387484 PMCID: PMC5788041 DOI: 10.3390/mi8030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy is a technique for performing highly parallelized multiphoton microscopy while still maintaining depth discrimination. While the conventional wide-field configuration for temporal focusing suffers from sub-optimal axial resolution, line scanning temporal focusing, implemented here using a digital micromirror device (DMD), can provide substantial improvement. The DMD-based line scanning temporal focusing technique dynamically trades off the degree of parallelization, and hence imaging speed, for axial resolution, allowing performance parameters to be adapted to the experimental requirements. We demonstrate this new instrument in calibration specimens and in biological specimens, including a mouse kidney slice.
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16
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Paluch-Siegler S, Mayblum T, Dana H, Brosh I, Gefen I, Shoham S. All-optical bidirectional neural interfacing using hybrid multiphoton holographic optogenetic stimulation. NEUROPHOTONICS 2015; 2:031208. [PMID: 26217673 PMCID: PMC4512959 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.3.031208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of neural information processing could potentially be advanced by combining flexible three-dimensional (3-D) neuroimaging and stimulation. Recent developments in optogenetics suggest that neurophotonic approaches are in principle highly suited for noncontact stimulation of network activity patterns. In particular, two-photon holographic optical neural stimulation (2P-HONS) has emerged as a leading approach for multisite 3-D excitation, and combining it with temporal focusing (TF) further enables axially confined yet spatially extended light patterns. Here, we study key steps toward bidirectional cell-targeted 3-D interfacing by introducing and testing a hybrid new 2P-TF-HONS stimulation path for accurate parallel optogenetic excitation into a recently developed hybrid multiphoton 3-D imaging system. The system is shown to allow targeted all-optical probing of in vitro cortical networks expressing channelrhodopsin-2 using a regeneratively amplified femtosecond laser source tuned to 905 nm. These developments further advance a prospective new tool for studying and achieving distributed control over 3-D neuronal circuits both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Paluch-Siegler
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion City, Haifa 3200000, Israel
| | - Tom Mayblum
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion City, Haifa 3200000, Israel
| | - Hod Dana
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Inbar Brosh
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion City, Haifa 3200000, Israel
| | - Inna Gefen
- Ruppin Academic Center, School of Engineering, Medical Engineering, Emeq Hefer 4025000, Israel
- Address all correspondence to: Inna Gefen, E-mail: ; Shy Shoham, E-mail:
| | - Shy Shoham
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion City, Haifa 3200000, Israel
- Address all correspondence to: Inna Gefen, E-mail: ; Shy Shoham, E-mail:
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17
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So PTC, Yew EYS, Rowlands C. High-throughput nonlinear optical microscopy. Biophys J 2014; 105:2641-54. [PMID: 24359736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution microscopy methods based on different nonlinear optical (NLO) contrast mechanisms are finding numerous applications in biology and medicine. While the basic implementations of these microscopy methods are relatively mature, an important direction of continuing technological innovation lies in improving the throughput of these systems. Throughput improvement is expected to be important for studying fast kinetic processes, for enabling clinical diagnosis and treatment, and for extending the field of image informatics. This review will provide an overview of the fundamental limitations on NLO microscopy throughput. We will further cover several important classes of high-throughput NLO microscope designs with discussions on their strengths and weaknesses and their key biomedical applications. Finally, this review will close with a perspective of potential future technological improvements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; BioSyM Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Elijah Y S Yew
- BioSyM Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Rowlands
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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18
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Hybrid multiphoton volumetric functional imaging of large-scale bioengineered neuronal networks. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3997. [PMID: 24898000 PMCID: PMC4113029 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar neural networks and interfaces serve as versatile in vitro models of central nervous system physiology, but adaptations of related methods to three dimensions (3D) have met with limited success. Here, we demonstrate for the first time volumetric functional imaging in a bio-engineered neural tissue growing in a transparent hydrogel with cortical cellular and synaptic densities, by introducing complementary new developments in nonlinear microscopy and neural tissue engineering. Our system uses a novel hybrid multiphoton microscope design combining a 3D scanning-line temporal-focusing subsystem and a conventional laser-scanning multiphoton microscope to provide functional and structural volumetric imaging capabilities: dense microscopic 3D sampling at tens of volumes/sec of structures with mm-scale dimensions containing a network of over 1000 developing cells with complex spontaneous activity patterns. These developments open new opportunities for large-scale neuronal interfacing and for applications of 3D engineered networks ranging from basic neuroscience to the screening of neuroactive substances.
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19
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Choi H, Yew EYS, Hallacoglu B, Fantini S, Sheppard CJR, So PTC. Improvement of axial resolution and contrast in temporally focused widefield two-photon microscopy with structured light illumination. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:995-1005. [PMID: 23847726 PMCID: PMC3704103 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although temporally focused wide-field two-photon microscopy (TFM) can perform depth resolved wide field imaging, it cannot avoid the image degradation due to scattering of excitation and emission photons when imaging in a turbid medium. Further, its axial resolution is inferior to standard point-scanning two-photon microscopy. We implemented a structured light illumination for TFM and have shown that it can effectively reject the out-of-focus scattered emission photons improving image contrast. Further, the depth resolution of the improved system is dictated by the spatial frequency of the structure light with the potential of attaining depth resolution better than point-scanning two-photon microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Elijah Y. S. Yew
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Bertan Hallacoglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Sergio Fantini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Colin J. R. Sheppard
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 1613 Genova, Italy
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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20
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Bègue A, Papagiakoumou E, Leshem B, Conti R, Enke L, Oron D, Emiliani V. Two-photon excitation in scattering media by spatiotemporally shaped beams and their application in optogenetic stimulation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2869-79. [PMID: 24409387 PMCID: PMC3862165 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of wavefront shaping to generate extended optical excitation patterns which are confined to a predetermined volume has become commonplace on various microscopy applications. For multiphoton excitation, three-dimensional confinement can be achieved by combining the technique of temporal focusing of ultra-short pulses with different approaches for lateral light shaping, including computer generated holography or generalized phase contrast. Here we present a theoretical and experimental study on the effect of scattering on the propagation of holographic beams with and without temporal focusing. Results from fixed and acute cortical slices show that temporally focused spatial patterns are extremely robust against the effects of scattering and this permits their three-dimensionally confined excitation for depths more than 500 µm. Finally we prove the efficiency of using temporally focused holographic beams in two-photon stimulation of neurons expressing the red-shifted optogenetic channel C1V1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Bègue
- Wavefront-engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophysiology and New Microscopies Laboratory, Paris Descartes University, 45 rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Eirini Papagiakoumou
- Wavefront-engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophysiology and New Microscopies Laboratory, Paris Descartes University, 45 rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Ben Leshem
- Department of physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rossella Conti
- Wavefront-engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophysiology and New Microscopies Laboratory, Paris Descartes University, 45 rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Leona Enke
- Wavefront-engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophysiology and New Microscopies Laboratory, Paris Descartes University, 45 rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Dan Oron
- Department of physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Wavefront-engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophysiology and New Microscopies Laboratory, Paris Descartes University, 45 rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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