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Li L, Zhang G, Younis M, Luo T, Yang L, Jin W, Wu H, Xiao B, Zhang W, Chang H. 2D Tellurium Films Based Self-Drive Near Infrared Photodetector. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400383. [PMID: 38661567 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
To reduce the amount of energy consumed in integrated circuits, high efficiency with the lowest energy is always expected. Self-drive device is one of the options in the pursuit of low power nanodevices. It is a typical strategy to form an internal electric field by constructing a heterojunction in self-drive semiconductor system. Here, a two-step method is proposed to prepare high quality centimeter-sized 2D tellurium (Te) thin film with hall mobility as high as 37.3 cm2 V-1 s-1, and the 2D Te film is further assembled with silicon to form a heterojunction for self-drive photodetector, which can realize effective detection from visible to near infrared bands. The photodetectivity of the heterojunctions can reach 1.58×1011 Jones under the illumination of 400 nm@ 1.615 mW/cm2 and 2.08×108 Jones under the illumination of 1550 nm@ 1.511 mW/cm2 without bias. Our experiments demonstrate the potential of 2D tellurium thin films for wide band and near infrared integrated device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Micro and Nano Devices Fabrication Center, Yongjiang Laboratory, Ningbo, 315202, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Gaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Muhammad Younis
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tianyuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bichen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haixin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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2
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Lu SJ, Tang L, Xiao Z, Zhang M, Guo W, Tan M, Wan Y, Xiao FX, Lin Y. Synthesis of High-Quality Bulk Single-Crystal Black Phosphorus by the Circulating Vapor Growth Approach. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11092-11101. [PMID: 38843593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP), a promising two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductor material, has gained enormous attention due to its impressive properties over the past several years. Although plenty of methods have been developed to synthesize high-quality BP, most of the currently available BP materials still suffer from unsatisfactory crystallization, purity, and stability in air, hindering their practical application. A facile approach to synthesizing ultrahigh-quality single-crystal BP is of significance to shed light on the nature of 2D semiconductor materials and their massive application. In this work, we present the facile and efficient circulating vapor growth approach to growing bulk single-crystal BP. The as-grown BP material features high crystallinity and ultrahigh purity (higher than 99.999 at %), exceeding those of all the previously reported and some commercially available BP crystals. It also maintains excellent stability in air and water after 15 consecutive days of test. Moreover, the as-synthesized BP material features good thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and excellent electrical properties, as well. This study provides a new approach for the fabrication of ultrahigh-quality BP material and thus promotes its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jun Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zechen Xiao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mingwu Tan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Yan Wan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Fang-Xing Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yangming Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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3
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Chen W, Zhu S, Duan R, Wang C, Wang F, Wu Y, Dai M, Cui J, Chae SH, Li Z, Ma X, Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang QJ. Extraordinary Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Interaction in NbOBr 2 Microcavities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400858. [PMID: 38631028 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are burgeoning as promising candidates for investigating nonlinear optical effects due to high nonlinear susceptibilities, broadband optical response, and tunable nonlinearity. However, most 2D materials suffer from poor nonlinear conversion efficiencies, resulting from reduced light-matter interactions and lack of phase matching at atomic thicknesses. Herein, a new 2D nonlinear material, niobium oxide dibromide (NbOBr2) is reported, featuring strong and anisotropic optical nonlinearities with scalable nonlinear intensity. Furthermore, Fabry-Pérot (F-P) microcavities are constructed by coupling NbOBr2 with air holes in silicon. Remarkable enhancement factors of ≈630 times in second harmonic generation (SHG) and 210 times in third harmonic generation (THG) are achieved on cavity at the resonance wavelength of 1500 nm. Notably, the cavity enhancement effect exhibits strong anisotropic feature tunable with pump wavelength, owing to the robust optical birefringence of NbOBr2. The ratio of the enhancement factor along the b- and c-axis of NbOBr2 reaches 2.43 and 5.27 for SHG and THG at 1500 nm pump, respectively, which leads to an extraordinarily high SHG anisotropic ratio of 17.82 and a 10° rotation of THG polarization. The research presents a feasible and practical strategy for developing high-efficiency and low-power-pumped on-chip nonlinear optical devices with tunable anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ruihuan Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingjin Dai
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jieyuan Cui
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sang Hoon Chae
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Ma
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Li M, Guan W, Liu C, Xing F, Zheng Y, Di Y, Cao G, Wei S, Wang Y, Yang G, Yu L, Gan Z. Room-Temperature High-Performance Photodetector and Phototransistor Based on PdSe 2/ZnIn 2S 4 Alloy Heterojunctions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309499. [PMID: 38624172 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Various semiconductor devices have been developed based on 2D heterojunction materials owing to their distinctive optoelectronic properties. However, to achieve efficient charge transfer at their interface remains a major challenge. Herein, an alloy heterojunction concept is proposed. The sulfur vacancies in ZnIn2S4 are filled with selenium atoms of PdSe2. This chemically bonded heterojunction can significantly enhance the separation of photocarriers, providing notable advantages in the field of photoelectric conversion. As a demonstration, a two-terminal photodetector based on the PdSe2/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction materials is fabricated. The photodetector exhibits stable operation in ambient conditions, showcasing superior performance in terms of large photocurrent, high responsivity (48.8 mA W-1) and detectivity (1.98 × 1011 Jones). To further validate the excellent optoelectronic performance of the heterojunction, a tri-terminal phototransistor is also fabricated. Benefiting from gate voltage modulation, the photocurrent is amplified to milliampere level, and the responsivity is increased to 229.14 mA W-1. These findings collectively demonstrate the significant potential of the chemically bonded PdSe2/ZnIn2S4 alloy heterojunction for future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Li
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Cihui Liu
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fangjian Xing
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yubin Zheng
- Dalian University of Technology Corporation of Changshu Research Institution, Suzhou, 215500, P. R. China
| | - Yunsong Di
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guiyuan Cao
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shibiao Wei
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhixing Gan
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
- Dalian University of Technology Corporation of Changshu Research Institution, Suzhou, 215500, P. R. China
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5
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Ren Z, Yuan J, Wang Z, Zhao C, Du B, Zhao Z, Liu Q, Zhang F. Passively Q-switched Nd 3+ solid-state lasers with hexakis-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene and graphdiyne as saturable absorbers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:5922-5931. [PMID: 38439307 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, two-dimensional Graphdiyne and Hexakis-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene nanosheets were prepared using the liquid-phase exfoliation method and were then successfully applied to 1.06 µm passively Q-Switched all-solid-state lasers. The Hexakis-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene was applied for the first time in passively Q-Switched all-solid-state lasers, as we know. For Graphdiyne, the Q-Switched pulse achieved a narrowest pulse width of 415 ns, a maximum repetition frequency of 244.2 kHz, a maximum pulse energy of 133.53 nJ, and peak power of 321.77 mW was obtained. While, the narrowest pulse width, maximum repetition frequency, maximum pulse energy, and peak power for Hexakis-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene are approximately 398.4 ns, 297.1 kHz, 89.61 nJ, and 220.39 mW respectively. The findings demonstrate the promising potential of both candidates as saturable absorbers for signal modulation in solid-state lasers.
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Yu Y, Liu X, Li T, Zou X, Ding J, Xu N, Sahng X, Wang X, Huang P, Cheng C, Si S, Lu H, Zhang H, Li D. Optimization of the cavity length and pulse characterization based on germanene as a saturable absorber in an Er-doped fiber laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:9156-9163. [PMID: 38108754 DOI: 10.1364/ao.504880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, germanene-nanosheets (NSs) were synthesized by liquid-phase exfoliation, followed by an experimental investigation into the nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics and morphological structure of germanene. The germanene-NSs were employed as saturable absorbers, exhibiting saturation intensity and modulation depth values of 22.64M W/c m 2 and 4.48%, respectively. This demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing germanene-NSs passively mode-locked in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). By optimizing the cavity length, improvements in the output of EDFL characteristics were achieved, resulting in 883 fs pulses with a maximum average output power of 19.74 mW. The aforementioned experimental outcomes underscore the significant potential of germanene in the realms of ultrafast photonics and nonlinear optics.
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Stavrou M, Mühlbach AM, Arapakis V, Groß E, Kratky T, Günther S, Rieger B, Couris S. Exceptional ultrafast nonlinear optical response of functionalized silicon nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16636-16649. [PMID: 37823282 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03497f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports on the ultrafast saturable absorption (SA), optical limiting (OL), and the nonlinear refractive response of hydride-terminated silicon nanosheets (SiNS-H) differently functionalized with styrene and tert-butyl methacrylate (tBuMA), namely, SiNS-styrene and SiNS-tBuMA, using 50 fs, 400 nm and 70 fs, 800 nm laser pulses. SiNS-styrene and SiNS-tBuMA exhibit dramatically enhanced nonlinear optical (NLO) responses compared to SiNS-H, with their absorptive nonlinearity strongly dependent on the laser excitation wavelength. More specifically, the studied functionalized SiNSs reveal strong SA behavior under 400 nm laser excitation, with NLO absorption coefficients, saturable intensities, and modulation depths comparable to various two-dimensional (2D) materials, known to exhibit strong SA, such as graphene, black phosphorous (BP), some transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and some MXenes. On the other hand, under 800 nm laser excitation, SiNS-styrene and SiNS-tBuMA show highly efficient OL performance with OL onset values of about 0.0045 and 0.0065 J cm-2, respectively, which are significantly lower than those of other 2D nanostructures. In addition, it is shown that both SiNS samples have great potential in already existing Si-based optoelectronic devices for optical-switching applications since they exhibit very strong NLO refraction comparable to that of bulk Si. The results of the present work demonstrate that the chemical functionalization of SiNSs provides a highly efficient strategy for the preparation of 2D Si-based nanostructures with enhanced NLO response in view of several optoelectronic and photonic applications, such as OL, SA, and all-optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Stavrou
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece.
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas-Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Rio-Patras, Greece.
| | - Amelie M Mühlbach
- Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Vasilios Arapakis
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece.
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas-Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Rio-Patras, Greece.
| | - Elisabeth Groß
- Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Tim Kratky
- Physical Chemistry with Focus on Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Physical Chemistry with Focus on Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Stelios Couris
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece.
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas-Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Rio-Patras, Greece.
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8
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Jelver L, Cox JD. Nonlinear Plasmonics in Nanostructured Phosphorene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20043-20052. [PMID: 37791979 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorene has emerged as an atomically thin platform for optoelectronics and nanophotonics due to its excellent optical properties and the possibility of actively tuning light-matter interactions through electrical doping. While phosphorene is a two-dimensional semiconductor, plasmon resonances characterized by pronounced anisotropy and strong optical confinement are anticipated to emerge in highly doped samples. Here we show that the localized plasmons supported by phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) exhibit high tunability in relation to both edge termination and doping charge polarity and can trigger an intense nonlinear optical response at moderate doping levels. Our explorations are based on a second-principles theoretical framework, employing maximally localized Wannier functions constructed from ab initio electronic structure calculations, which we introduce here to describe the linear and nonlinear optical response of PNRs on mesoscopic length scales. Atomistic simulations reveal the high tunability of plasmons in doped PNRs at near-infrared frequencies, which can facilitate the synergy between the electronic band structure and plasmonic field confinement to drive efficient high-harmonic generation. Our findings establish nanostructured phosphorene as a versatile atomically thin material candidate for nonlinear plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Jelver
- POLIMA─Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Joel D Cox
- POLIMA─Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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9
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Meng Y, Zhong H, Xu Z, He T, Kim JS, Han S, Kim S, Park S, Shen Y, Gong M, Xiao Q, Bae SH. Functionalizing nanophotonic structures with 2D van der Waals materials. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1345-1365. [PMID: 37608742 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The integration of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials with nanostructures has triggered a wide spectrum of optical and optoelectronic applications. Photonic structures of conventional materials typically lack efficient reconfigurability or multifunctionality. Atomically thin 2D materials can thus generate new functionality and reconfigurability for a well-established library of photonic structures such as integrated waveguides, optical fibers, photonic crystals, and metasurfaces, to name a few. Meanwhile, the interaction between light and van der Waals materials can be drastically enhanced as well by leveraging micro-cavities or resonators with high optical confinement. The unique van der Waals surfaces of the 2D materials enable handiness in transfer and mixing with various prefabricated photonic templates with high degrees of freedom, functionalizing as the optical gain, modulation, sensing, or plasmonic media for diverse applications. Here, we review recent advances in synergizing 2D materials to nanophotonic structures for prototyping novel functionality or performance enhancements. Challenges in scalable 2D materials preparations and transfer, as well as emerging opportunities in integrating van der Waals building blocks beyond 2D materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Hongkun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tiantian He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Justin S Kim
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangmoon Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Sunok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Seoungwoong Park
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yijie Shen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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10
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Lian M, Wang YC, Zhao Y. Phonon-Mediated Ultrafast Electron Relaxation Dynamics in Monolayer Black Phosphorus: Instantaneous Coherent Delocalization. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6990-6997. [PMID: 37523252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding carrier relaxation processes in semiconductors is crucial for designing high-performance optoelectronic and photocatalytic devices. Recent transient spectroscopic experiments on two-dimensional materials have revealed ultrafast optical responses within several tens of femtoseconds, which are usually ascribed to electron-electron scattering. Here, by conducting quantum dynamics simulations for monolayer black phosphorus, we show that electron-phonon scattering also profoundly influences the early stage of carrier dynamics. The photogenerated electron generally undergoes phonon-mediated instantaneous coherent delocalization in reciprocal space, accompanied by an entropy-driven sharp change in electronic energy. The distribution of the density of states controls the energy exchange between the electron and lattice vibrations. The phonon-induced quantum coherence significantly suspends the energy relaxation time, which is very beneficial for harvesting electron excess energy. These findings offer novel insights into the ultrafast carrier dynamics and energy flow in two-dimensional materials and may prompt new opportunities for regulation of carrier dynamic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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11
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Sirleto L, Righini GC. An Introduction to Nonlinear Integrated Photonics Devices: Nonlinear Effects and Materials. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:604. [PMID: 36985011 PMCID: PMC10058895 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The combination of integrated optics technologies with nonlinear photonics, which has led to the growth of nonlinear integrated photonics, has also opened the way to groundbreaking new devices and applications. Here we introduce the main physical processes involved in nonlinear photonics applications, and we discuss the fundaments of this research area, starting from traditional second-order and third-order phenomena and going to ultrafast phenomena. The applications, on the other hand, have been made possible by the availability of suitable materials, with high nonlinear coefficients, and/or by the design of guided-wave structures, which can enhance the material's nonlinear properties. A summary of the most common nonlinear materials is presented, together with a discussion of the innovative ones. The discussion of fabrication processes and integration platforms is the subject of a companion article, also submitted for publication in this journal. There, several examples of nonlinear photonic integrated devices to be employed in optical communications, all-optical signal processing and computing, or quantum optics are shown, too. We aimed at offering a broad overview, even if, certainly, not exhaustive. We hope that the overall work could provide guidance for those who are newcomers to this field and some hints to the interested researchers for a more detailed investigation of the present and future development of this hot and rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Sirleto
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giancarlo C. Righini
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC) “Nello Carrara”, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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12
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Fu X, Cheng X, Liao W, Guo J, Li L. A metallic CP3 monolayer with very high absorption coefficients for visible light and as the CO2 absorbent. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Zhou W, Pang X, Zhang H, Yu Q, Liu F, Wang W, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Yang Z. Frontier and Hot Topics of Pulsed Fiber Lasers via CiteSpace Scientometric Analysis: Passively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers with Real Saturable Absorbers Based on Two-Dimensional Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6761. [PMID: 36234100 PMCID: PMC9572618 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed fiber lasers, with high peak power and narrow pulse widths, have been proven to be an important tool for a variety of fields of application. In this work, frontier and hot topics in pulsed fiber lasers were analyzed with 11,064 articles. Benefitting from the scientometric analysis capabilities of CiteSpace, the analysis found that passively mode-locked fiber lasers with saturable absorbers (SAs) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have become a hot research topic in the field of pulsed fiber lasers due to the advantages of self-starting operation, high stability, and good compatibility. The excellent nonlinear optical properties exhibited by 2D materials at nanometer-scale thicknesses have become a particularly popular research topic; the research has paved the way for exploring its wider applications. We summarize the performance of several typical 2D materials in ultrafast fiber lasers, such as graphene, topological insulators (TIs), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and black phosphorus (BP). Meanwhile, we review and analyze the direction of the development of 2D SAs for ultrafast fiber lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xiuyang Pang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Hanke Zhang
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Fangqi Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy, College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Wenyue Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yikun Zhao
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Transportation Engineering, Jiangsu Shipping College, Nantong 226010, China
| | - Zixin Yang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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14
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Ahmed S, Cheng PK, Qiao J, Gao W, Saleque AM, Al Subri Ivan MN, Wang T, Alam TI, Hani SU, Guo ZL, Yu SF, Tsang YH. Nonlinear Optical Activities in Two-Dimensional Gallium Sulfide: A Comprehensive Study. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12390-12402. [PMID: 35876327 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials are fascinating for fundamental physics and optoelectronic device development. However, relatively few investigations have been conducted to establish the combined NLO activities of a 2D material. Herein, a study of numerous NLO properties of 2D gallium sulfide (GaS), including second-harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), and NLO absorption are presented. The layer-dependent SHG response of 2D GaS identifies the noncentrosymmetric nature of the odd layers, and the second-order susceptibility (χ2) value of 47.98 pm/V (three-layers of GaS) indicates the superior efficiency of the SHG signal. In addition, structural deformation induces the symmetry breaking and facilitates the SHG in the bulk samples, whereas a possible efficient symmetry breaking in the liquid-phase exfoliated samples results in an enhancement of the SHG signal, providing prospective fields of investigation for researchers. The generation of TPEF from 800 to 860 nm depicts the two-photon absorption characteristics of 2D GaS material. Moreover, the saturable absorption characteristics of 2D GaS are realized from the largest nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) of -9.3 × 103, -91.0 × 103, and -6.05 × 103 cm/GW and giant modulation depths (Ts) of 24.4%, 35.3%, and 29.1% at three different wavelengths of 800, 1066, and 1560 nm, respectively. Hence, such NLO activities indicate that 2D GaS material can facilitate in the technical advancements of future nonlinear optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safayet Ahmed
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Kwong Cheng
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Qiao
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Polarization and Information Technology, Research Institute of Laser, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Mortuza Saleque
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Nahian Al Subri Ivan
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- College of Materials and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Tawsif Ibne Alam
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumaiya Umme Hani
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong Liang Guo
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siu Fung Yu
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuen Hong Tsang
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The past one and a half decades have witnessed the tremendous progress of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, including graphene, transition-metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, etc., in a variety of fields. The key to their success is their unique structural, electrical, mechanical and optical properties. Herein, this paper gives a comprehensive summary on the recent advances in 2D materials for optoelectronic approaches with the emphasis on the morphology and structure, optical properties, synthesis methods, as well as detailed optoelectronic applications. Additionally, the challenges and perspectives in the current development of 2D materials are also summarized and indicated. Therefore, this review can provide a reference for further explorations and innovations of 2D material-based optoelectronics devices.
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16
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Potential of Black Phosphorus in Immune-Based Therapeutic Strategies. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:3790097. [PMID: 35859703 PMCID: PMC9293569 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3790097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) consists of phosphorus atoms, an essential element of bone and nucleic acid, which covalently bonds to three adjacent phosphorus atoms to form a puckered bilayer structure. With its anisotropy, band gap, biodegradability, and biocompatibility properties, BP is considered promising for cancer therapy. For example, BP under irradiation can convert near-infrared (NIR) light into heat and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage cancer cells, called photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Compared with PTT and PDT, the novel techniques of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and photoacoustic therapy (PAT) exhibit amplified ROS generation and precise photoacoustic-shockwaves to enhance anticancer effect when BP receives ultrasound or NIR irradiation. Based on the prospective phototherapy, BP with irradiation can cause a “double-kill” to tumor cells, involving tumor-structure damage induced by heat, ROS, and shockwaves and a subsequent anticancer immune response induced by in situ vaccines construction in tumor site, which is referred to as photoimmunotherapy (PIT). In conclusion, BP shows promise in natural antitumor biological activity, biological imaging, drug delivery, PTT/PDT/SDT/PAT/PIT, nanovaccines, nanoadjuvants, and combination immunotherapy regimens.
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17
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Mid-Infrared Optoelectronic Devices Based on Two-Dimensional Materials beyond Graphene: Status and Trends. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132260. [PMID: 35808105 PMCID: PMC9268368 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) graphene was successfully synthesized in 2004, it has garnered considerable interest due to its advanced properties. However, the weak optical absorption and zero bandgap strictly limit its further development in optoelectronic applications. In this regard, other 2D materials, including black phosphorus (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), 2D Te nanoflakes, and so forth, possess advantage properties, such as tunable bandgap, high carrier mobility, ultra-broadband optical absorption, and response, enable 2D materials to hold great potential for next-generation optoelectronic devices, in particular, mid-infrared (MIR) band, which has attracted much attention due to its intensive applications, such as target acquisition, remote sensing, optical communication, and night vision. Motivated by this, this article will focus on the recent progress of semiconducting 2D materials in MIR optoelectronic devices that present a suitable category of 2D materials for light emission devices, modulators, and photodetectors in the MIR band. The challenges encountered and prospects are summarized at the end. We believe that milestone investigations of 2D materials beyond graphene-based MIR optoelectronic devices will emerge soon, and their positive contribution to the nano device commercialization is highly expected.
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18
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Lin H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Lin KT, Wen X, Liang Y, Fu Y, Lau AKT, Ma T, Qiu CW, Jia B. Engineering van der Waals Materials for Advanced Metaphotonics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15204-15355. [PMID: 35749269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding chemical and physical properties of 2D materials, together with their atomically thin nature, make them ideal candidates for metaphotonic device integration and construction, which requires deep subwavelength light-matter interaction to achieve optical functionalities beyond conventional optical phenomena observed in naturally available materials. In addition to their intrinsic properties, the possibility to further manipulate the properties of 2D materials via chemical or physical engineering dramatically enhances their capability, evoking new science on light-matter interaction, leading to leaped performance of existing functional devices and giving birth to new metaphotonic devices that were unattainable previously. Comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic properties of 2D materials, approaches and capabilities for chemical and physical engineering methods, the resulting property modifications and novel functionalities, and applications of metaphotonic devices are provided in this review. Through reviewing the detailed progress in each aspect and the state-of-the-art achievement, insightful analyses of the outstanding challenges and future directions are elucidated in this cross-disciplinary comprehensive review with the aim to provide an overall development picture in the field of 2D material metaphotonics and promote rapid progress in this fast emerging and prosperous field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Keng-Te Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yao Liang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Fu
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Alan Kin Tak Lau
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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19
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Thankamani PR, Thomas S. Tellurium based materials for nonlinear optical applications. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Materials having broadband nonlinear optical responses find applications in photonics and optoelectronics devices. Novel materials with improved nonlinear optical properties are necessary for realizing effective all-optical switches, modulators etc. Tellurium (Te) and novel low-dimensional derivatives of Te offer intriguing nonlinear optical responses, making them promising candidates for design of various photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rose Thankamani
- International School of Photonics , Cochin University of Science and Technology , Cochin 682022 , Kerala , India
- Inter University Center for Nanomaterials and Devices (IUCND) , Cochin University of Science and Technology , Cochin 682022 , Kerala , India
| | - Sheenu Thomas
- International School of Photonics , Cochin University of Science and Technology , Cochin 682022 , Kerala , India
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20
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Gao L, Chen H, Kuklin AV, Wageh S, Al-Ghamdi AA, Ågren H, Zhang H. Optical Properties of Few-Layer Ti 3CN MXene: From Experimental Observations to Theoretical Calculations. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3059-3069. [PMID: 35048704 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the emerging interest in research and development of Ti3CN MXene nanosheet (NS)-based optoelectronic devices, there is still a lack of in-depth studies of the underlying photophysical processes, like carrier relaxation dynamics and nonlinear photon absorption, operating in such devices, hindering their further and precise design. In this paper, we attempt to remedy the situation by fabricating few-layer Ti3CN NSs via combining selective etching and molecular intercalation and by investigating the carrier relaxation possesses and broadband nonlinear optical responses via transient absorption and Z-scan techniques. These results are complemented by first-principle theoretical analyses of the optical properties. Both saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption phenomena are observed due to multiphoton absorption effects. The analysis of these results adds to the understanding of the basic photophysical processes, which is anticipated to be beneficial for the further design of MXene-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Gao
- College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd., Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Artem V Kuklin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry (IRC SQC), Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Swelm Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
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21
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Liu S, Huang H, Lu J, Xu N, Qu J, Wen Q. Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Ta2NiS5 and Its Application in Near-Infrared Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers with Evanescent Field Interactions and Passively Q-Switched Bulk Laser. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040695. [PMID: 35215025 PMCID: PMC8879482 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the application of a 1 μm solid-state passively Q-switched (PQS) laser and 1, 1.5 μm mode-locked (ML) fiber lasers based on ternary chalcogenide Ta2NiS5 saturable absorber (SA), which were successfully fabricated by liquid-phase exfoliation method (LPE). The nonlinear absorption of the Ta2NiS5-SA was characterized by 0.32 GW/cm2 and 0.25 GW/cm2 saturation intensities with 7.3% and 5.1% modulations depths at 1 μm and 1.5 μm, respectively. A PQS solid-state laser operating at 1.0 μm has been realized with the Ta2NiS5-SA. The maximum average output power, shortest pulse width, pulse energy, and pulse peak power from the PQS laser are 0.257 W, 180 ns, 1.265 μJ, and 7 W. Moreover, highly stable femtosecond laser centered at 1.5 μm, and picosecond centered at 1 μm, ML fiber lasers were obtained using the Ta2NiS5-SA. A 70 dB signal-to-noise ML laser with a pulse duration of 781 fs was observed in the telecommunication window, which is better than the duration of the previously reported lasers based on Ta2NiS5. The corresponding maximum single pulse energy and peak power are 0.977 nJ and 1251 W, respectively. The Ta2NiS5-SA fabricated by the LPE method was applied in near-infrared (NIR) ML fiber lasers (evanescent field interactions) and PQS bulk lasers. The results indicate that Ta2NiS5-SA prepared by the LPE method can be applied in a 1 μm bulk PQS laser and improved by the new combination mode (evanescent field interactions) for better output performance of the fiber laser.
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22
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Zhu R, Qi Y, Meng J. Novel nanomaterials based saturable absorbers for passive mode locked fiber laser at 1.5 μm. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:182002. [PMID: 35051916 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4d59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compared with continuous wave lasers, ultrafast lasers have the advantages of ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak power, and have significant applications in optical communications, medical diagnostics, and precision machining. Saturable absorber (SA) technology is the most effective technique for the generation of ultra-fast lasers, which are based on artificial SAs and natural SAs. Among them, the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror has become the most commonly used form at present. Recently, basic research and application of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been developed rapidly. Researchers have found that nanomaterials exhibit extraordinary characteristics in ultrafast photonics, such as the low saturation intensity of CNTs, zero-band gap of graphene, and extremely high modulation depth of the topological insulator nano-films. Since graphene was first reported as an SA in 2009, many other nanomaterials have been successively explored, resulting in the rapid development of novel nanomaterial-based SAs. In this paper, we classified the nanomaterials used in SA mode-locking technology at 1.5μm and reviewed their research progress with a particular focus on nonlinear optical properties, integration strategies, and applications in the field of ultrafast photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Qi
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Meng
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
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23
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Meng Y, Liu Y, Li T, Feng T, Huang J, Ni Z, Qiao W. Investigation of Nonlinear Optical Modulation Characteristics of MXene VCrC for Pulsed Lasers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030759. [PMID: 35164022 PMCID: PMC8839694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the surface morphology and the nonlinear absorption characteristics of MXene VCrC nanosheets prepared by the liquid-phase exfoliation method. The self-made MXene VCrC was applied as a saturable absorber in the Tm:YAP laser experiments, performing excellent Q-switching optical modulation characteristics in infrared range. With this absorber, a stable passively Q-switched 2 μm laser was achieved. Under an incident pump power of 3.52 W, a maximum output power of 280 mW was obtained with a T = 3% output coupler at a repetition frequency of 49 kHz. The corresponding pulse energy and peak power were 5.7 μJ and 6.6 W, respectively. The shortest pulse duration was 658 ns at the repetition rate of 63 kHz with a T = 1% output coupler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (T.F.); (J.H.)
| | - Yizhou Liu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (T.F.); (J.H.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- China Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (T.F.); (J.H.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- China Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tianli Feng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (T.F.); (J.H.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- China Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (T.F.); (J.H.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zheng Ni
- CHN Energy Shouguang Company, Weifang 262714, China;
| | - Wenchao Qiao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (T.F.); (J.H.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- China Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence:
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Du Z, Liang J, Cai T, Wang G, Deng T, Wu B. Designing an ultra-thin and wideband low-frequency absorber based on lumped resistance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:914-925. [PMID: 35209270 DOI: 10.1364/oe.445081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditional absorbers are mostly limited by their large size and high profile, which renders them unfavorable for practical devices. To solve this problem, we design and test an ultra-thin metamaterial absorber (UTMA). The top layer of the metamaterial absorber is designed as a patterned combination of split ring and metal strips, so that its resonant frequency point is in the target low frequency. Meanwhile, ohmic loss is enhanced by loading lumped resistance in the gap of the meta-surface to improve the absorb efficiency (> 90%) and to expand the working bandwidth (1.24-3.14 GHz). Moreover, the total thickness of the absorber is 9 mm (0.037λwith respect to the lowest operating frequency). The working mechanism of UTMA is analyzed based on the equivalent media theory, surface current and electric field energy distribution. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation, which verifies the feasibility of the design. In this work, the metamaterial absorber is designed to meet the target requirements from three performance indexes: low frequency, ultra-thin, and wideband, leading to the prospect of broad applications in the military and civil fields.
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25
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Lu C, Luo M, Ge Y, Huang Y, Zhao Q, Zhou Y, Xu X. Layer-Dependent Nonlinear Optical Properties of WS 2, MoS 2, and Bi 2S 3 Films Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2390-2400. [PMID: 34971308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have shown layer-dependent optical properties in both linear optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) regimes due to prominent interlayer coupling and quantum confinement in an atomic scale. However, the NLO properties become more complicated as both saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) easily happen in 2D materials, which results in a significant challenge to understand the evolution of nonlinear absorption with layers. Motivated by this, chemical vapor-deposited chalcogenide compounds (WS2, MoS2, and Bi2S3) are used to investigate the pump intensity and layer number-dependent NLO properties. The values of nonlinear absorption coefficients of these chalcogenide compounds increase with the pump intensity by an 800 nm femtosecond laser, which can be described by an empirical power law function. The SA process due to the large transition probability of the ground state readily takes place in thick samples, while RSA occurs easily in thin samples due to the two-photon absorption (TPA). The transition from TPA to SA is deduced to occur at 13L-WS2, 15L-MoS2, and 5L-Bi2S3, which is related to the layer-dependent band gaps. Our results provide an efficient way to tune optical nonlinearities with a controlled layer number and to design corresponding NLO devices such as optical switches and saturable absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Lu
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Mingwei Luo
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yanqing Ge
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xinlong Xu
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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26
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Yogeswari C, Sabari Girisun T, Nagalakshmi R. Electrospun 2-Nitroaniline (2NA) – Poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers for power limiting and Q-switching applications. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Yu Q, Wang S, Zhang Y, Dong Z, Deng H, Guo K, Wang T, Shi X, Liu F, Xian T, Zhu S, Wu J, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Zhan L. Femtosecond ultrafast pulse generation with high-quality 2H-TaS 2 nanosheets via top-down empirical approach. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20471-20480. [PMID: 34851329 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07075d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tantalum disulfide (TaS2), an emerging group VB transition metal dichalcogenide, with unique layered structure, rich phase diagrams, metallic behavior, higher carrier concentration and mobility is emerging as a prototype for revealing basic physical phenomena and developing practical applications. However, its photonics properties and even engineering-related processes are still rare. Here, the top-down experiment demonstration, including synthesis, thickness optimization and nonlinear optical application, has been reported. In addition, the ultrafast (∼373 fs) erbium-doped fiber pulse with a small time-bandwidth product (∼0.34) and long-term stability (∼25 days) was realized using the nonlinear absorption properties of the high-quality 2H-TaS2 nanosheet. These results suggest an experimental route for further ultrafast photonics exploration based on metallic transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Shun Wang
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhuo Dong
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Haiqin Deng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Kun Guo
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Xinyao Shi
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Fangqi Liu
- College of Science and Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Tianhao Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sicong Zhu
- College of Science and Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Li Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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28
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Zhang YN, Song ZY, Qiao D, Li XH, Guang Z, Li SP, Zhou LB, Chen XH. 2D van der Waals materials for ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers: review and prospect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:082003. [PMID: 34731847 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D van der Waals materials are crystals composed of atomic layers, which have atomic thickness scale layers and rich distinct properties, including ultrafast optical response, surface effects, light-mater interaction, small size effects, quantum effects and macro quantum tunnel effects. With the exploration of saturable absorption characteristic of 2D van der Waals materials, a series of potential applications of 2D van der Waals materials as high threshold, broadband and fast response saturable absorbers (SAs) in ultrafast photonics have been proposed and confirmed. Herein, the photoelectric characteristics, nonlinear characteristic measurement technique of 2D van der Waals materials and the preparation technology of SAs are systematically described. Furthermore, the ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers based on classical 2D van der Waals materials including graphene, transition metal chalcogenides, topological insulators and black phosphorus have been fully summarized and analyzed. On this basis, opportunities and directions in this field, as well as the research results of ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers based on the latest 2D van der Waals materials (such as PbO, FePSe3, graphdiyne, bismuthene, Ag2S and MXene etc), are reviewed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ni Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Song
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dun Qiao
- University of South Wales, Wireless and Optoelectronics Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Shaanxi Normal University, College of Physics and Information Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Guang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
- School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, 266 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Bin Zhou
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Chen
- Shandong University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People's Republic of China
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29
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Zhu H, Wang C, Xiao X, Chen Z, Wang Y, Xiao S, Li Y, He J. Ultrafast saturable absorption of BiOI nanosheets prepared by chemical vapor transport. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:6006-6009. [PMID: 34851945 DOI: 10.1364/ol.444504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The saturable absorption properties of BiOI nanosheets with exposed {110} facets prepared by the chemical vapor transport were investigated by Z-scan with femtosecond pulse laser. The nonlinear absorption coefficient at 400 nm is stronger and more sensitive to photoexcitation than its nonlinear response at 800 nm. The small saturation intensity could have been achieved, which is one order of magnitude smaller than that of black phosphorus nanosheets, while the Imχ(3) are determined to be -4.35×10-12esu close to theoretical prediction. According to time-resolved photoluminescence spectrum results, this strong saturated absorption at 400 nm may be attributed to the interband recombination process, whose lifetime was 230 ps.
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30
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Gomes JNS, Trallero-Giner C, Vasilevskiy MI. Variational calculation of the lowest exciton states in phosphorene and transition metal dichalcogenides. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:045702. [PMID: 34298536 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can be exfoliated to produce nearly two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor layers supporting robust excitons with non-hydrogenic Rydberg series of states. Black phosphorus (BP) can also be layered to create a nearly 2D material with interesting properties including its pronounced in-plane anisotropy that influences, in particular, exciton states making them different from those in other 2D semiconductors. We apply the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method to evaluate the energies and approximate the wavefunctions of the ground and lowest excited states of the exciton in a 2D semiconductor with anisotropic effective masses of electrons and holes. The electron-hole interaction is described by the Rytova-Keldysh potential, which is considered beyond the standard zero-thickness approximation. The exciton binding energies calculated for BP and TMD (molybdenum disulphide and tungsten disulphide) monolayers are compared with previously published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Nuno S Gomes
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | | | - Mikhail I Vasilevskiy
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
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31
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Recent development in emerging phosphorene based novel materials: Progress, challenges, prospects and their fascinating sensing applications. PROG SOLID STATE CH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2021.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Lin F, Tang Y, Cheng P, Zhou X, Zhu Z, Ma Y, Liu Z, Liu D, Liu L, Qin C, Chen Z, Wang Z, Bao J. Laser-induced dynamic alignment and nonlinear-like optical transmission in liquid suspensions of 2D atomically thin nanomaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:36389-36399. [PMID: 34809050 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical property of atomically thin materials suspended in liquid has attracted a lot of attention recently due to the rapid development of liquid exfoliation methods. Here we report laser-induced dynamic orientational alignment and nonlinear-like optical response of the suspensions as a result of their intrinsic anisotropic properties and thermal convection of solvents. Graphene and graphene oxide suspensions are used as examples, and the transition to ordered states from initial optically isotropic suspensions is revealed by birefringence imaging. Computational fluid dynamics is performed to simulate the velocity evolution of convection flow and understand alignment-induced birefringence patterns. The optical transmission of these suspensions exhibits nonlinear-like saturable or reverse saturable absorptions in Z-scan measurements with both nanosecond and continuous-wave lasers. Our findings not only demonstrate a non-contact controlling of macroscopic orientation and collective optical properties of nanomaterial suspensions by laser but also pave the way for further explorations of optical properties and novel device applications of low-dimensional nanomaterials.
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33
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Zeng Y, Guo Z. Synthesis and stabilization of black phosphorus and phosphorene: recent progress and perspectives. iScience 2021; 24:103116. [PMID: 34646981 PMCID: PMC8497852 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has triggered tremendous research interest owing to its unique crystal structure, high carrier mobility, and tunable direct bandgap. Preparation of few-layer BP with high quality and stability is very important for its related research and applications in biomedicine, electronics, and optoelectronics. In this review, the synthesis methods of BP, including the preparation of bulk BP crystal which is an important raw material for preparing few-layer BP, the popular top-down methods, and some direct growth strategies of few-layer BP are comprehensively overviewed. Then chemical ways to enhance the stability of few-layer BP are concretely introduced. Finally, we propose a selection rule of preparation methods of few-layer BP according to the requirement of specific BP properties for different applications. We hope this review would bring some insight for future researches on BP and contributes to the acceleration of BP's commercial progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zeng
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhinan Guo
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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34
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Yu Q, Guo K, Dai Y, Deng H, Wang T, Wu H, Xu Y, Shi X, Wu J, Zhang K, Zhou P. Black phosphorus for near-infrared ultrafast lasers in the spatial/temporal domain. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:503001. [PMID: 34544055 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive interests due to their wide range of electronic and optical properties. After continuous and extensive research, black phosphorus (BP), a novel member of 2D layered semiconductor material, benefit for the unique in-plane anisotropic structure, controllable direct bandgap characteristic, and high charge carrier mobility, has attracted tremendous attention and successfully applied in ultrafast pulse generation. This article, which focuses on near-infrared ultrafast laser demonstration of BP, present discussion of preparation methods for high quality BP nanosheet, various BP based ultrafast lasers in the spatial/temporal domain, and the future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- I-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Guo
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Dai
- I-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Deng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanshuo Wu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Xu
- I-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyao Shi
- Institute of Quantum Sensing of Wuxi, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- I-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Zhou
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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35
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Chen H, Gao L, Al-Hartomy OA, Zhang F, Al-Ghamdi A, Guo J, Song Y, Wang Z, Algarni H, Wang C, Wageh S, Xu S, Zhang H. Tailoring the ultrafast and nonlinear photonics of MXenes through elemental replacement. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15891-15898. [PMID: 34522936 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04224f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the outstanding electronic properties, unique chemical surface termination units and rich elemental compositions, MXenes have become promising candidates for the development of new generation optoelectronic devices. However, there is still a gap between advanced photonics applications and fundamental understanding of ultrafast carrier photo-physics dynamics and a nonlinear optical response in layered MXenes. Here, we present insight into the excited state relaxation processes and nonlinear optical response of few-layer Ti3CN and Ti3C2 nanosheets (NSs) via transient absorption spectroscopy and Z-scan measurements. Owing to similar structural compositions, the transient absorption and nonlinear absorption characteristics behave totally opposite. In addition, photo-induced bandgap renormalization and Pauli blocking phenomena exist in Ti3C2 and Ti3CN NSs, respectively. The element replacement may be a new strategy for tunable carrier kinetics and nonlinear optical response of MXenes. These research studies may provide insight into ultrafast carrier photo-physics dynamics as well as promote MXene-based advanced photonics and their applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Chen
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd., Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Omar A Al-Hartomy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jia Guo
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Yufeng Song
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
| | - H Algarni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cong Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Swelm Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shixiang Xu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
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36
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Xu Y, Zhu X, Lu Z, Zhang G. Effects of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules on the electronic properties of modified black phosphorus. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Tian X, Fan T, Zhao W, Abbas G, Han B, Zhang K, Li N, Liu N, Liang W, Huang H, Chen W, Wang B, Xie Z. Recent advances in the development of nanomedicines for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2854-2869. [PMID: 33718667 PMCID: PMC7905263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is still a serious threat to human life and health, but there are few therapeutic options available to treat stroke because of limited blood-brain penetration. The development of nanotechnology may overcome some of the problems related to traditional drug development. In this review, we focus on the potential applications of nanotechnology in stroke. First, we will discuss the main molecular pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke to develop a targeted strategy. Second, considering the important role of the blood-brain barrier in stroke treatment, we also delve mechanisms by which the blood-brain barrier protects the brain, and the reasons why the therapeutics must pass through the blood-brain barrier to achieve efficacy. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive review related to the application of nanomaterials to treat stroke, including liposomes, polymers, metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, black phosphorus, hydrogels and dendrimers. To conclude, we will summarize the challenges and future prospects of nanomedicine-based stroke treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Taojian Fan
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Wentian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Weiyuan Liang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Zhang A, Wang Z, Ouyang H, Lyu W, Sun J, Cheng Y, Fu B. Recent Progress of Two-Dimensional Materials for Ultrafast Photonics. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071778. [PMID: 34361163 PMCID: PMC8308201 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials have aroused extensive attention and have been widely used in photonic and optoelectronic devices, catalytic reactions, and biomedicine. In particular, 2D materials possess a unique bandgap structure and nonlinear optical properties, which can be used as saturable absorbers in ultrafast lasers. Here, we mainly review the top-down and bottom-up methods for preparing 2D materials, such as graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXenes. Then, we focus on the ultrafast applications of 2D materials at the typical operating wavelengths of 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 μm. The key parameters and output performance of ultrafast pulsed lasers based on 2D materials are discussed. Furthermore, an outlook regarding the fabrication methods and the development of 2D materials in ultrafast photonics is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aojie Zhang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenhao Lyu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Fu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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Debnath PC, Yeom DI. Ultrafast Fiber Lasers with Low-Dimensional Saturable Absorbers: Status and Prospects. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113676. [PMID: 34070539 PMCID: PMC8198619 DOI: 10.3390/s21113676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wide-spectral saturable absorption (SA) in low-dimensional (LD) nanomaterials such as zero-, one-, and two-dimensional materials has been proven experimentally with outstanding results, including low saturation intensity, deep modulation depth, and fast carrier recovery time. LD nanomaterials can therefore be used as SAs for mode-locking or Q-switching to generate ultrafast fiber laser pulses with a high repetition rate and short duration in the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared wavelength regions. Here, we review the recent development of emerging LD nanomaterials as SAs for ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser applications in different dispersion regimes such as anomalous and normal dispersion regimes of the laser cavity operating in the near-infrared region, especially at ~1550 nm. The preparation methods, nonlinear optical properties of LD SAs, and various integration schemes for incorporating LD SAs into fiber laser systems are introduced. In addition to these, externally (electrically or optically) controlled pulsed fiber laser behavior and other characteristics of various LD SAs are summarized. Finally, the perspectives and challenges facing LD SA-based mode-locked ultrafast fiber lasers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Chandra Debnath
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Physics, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dong-Il Yeom
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Physics, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-1937
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Liu X, Gaihre B, George MN, Li Y, Tilton M, Yaszemski MJ, Lu L. 2D phosphorene nanosheets, quantum dots, nanoribbons: synthesis and biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2768-2803. [PMID: 33620047 PMCID: PMC9009269 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01972k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorene, also known as black phosphorus (BP), is a two-dimensional (2D) material that has gained significant attention in several areas of current research. Its unique properties such as outstanding surface activity, an adjustable bandgap width, favorable on/off current ratios, infrared-light responsiveness, good biocompatibility, and fast biodegradation differentiate this material from other two-dimensional materials. The application of BP in the biomedical field has been rapidly emerging over the past few years. This article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress on the unique properties and extensive medical applications for BP in bone, nerve, skin, kidney, cancer, and biosensing related treatment. The details of applications of BP in these fields were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bipin Gaihre
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew N George
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maryam Tilton
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael J Yaszemski
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Chen JH, Xiong YF, Xu F, Lu YQ. Silica optical fiber integrated with two-dimensional materials: towards opto-electro-mechanical technology. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:78. [PMID: 33854031 PMCID: PMC8046821 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the integration of graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials in optical fibers have stimulated significant advances in all-fiber photonics and optoelectronics. The conventional passive silica fiber devices with 2D materials are empowered for enhancing light-matter interactions and are applied for manipulating light beams in respect of their polarization, phase, intensity and frequency, and even realizing the active photo-electric conversion and electro-optic modulation, which paves a new route to the integrated multifunctional all-fiber optoelectronic system. This article reviews the fast-progress field of hybrid 2D-materials-optical-fiber for the opto-electro-mechanical devices. The challenges and opportunities in this field for future development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Chen
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yi-Feng Xiong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Li Q, Wu JT, Liu Y, Qi XM, Jin HG, Yang C, Liu J, Li GL, He QG. Recent advances in black phosphorus-based electrochemical sensors: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1170:338480. [PMID: 34090586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of liquid-phase-exfoliated black phosphorus (BP) as a field-effect transistor in 2014, BP, with its 2D layered structure, has attracted significant attention, owing to its anisotropic electroconductivity, tunable direct bandgap, extraordinary surface activity, moderate switching ratio, high hole mobility, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Several pioneering research efforts have explored the application of BP in different types of electrochemical sensors. This review summarizes the latest synthesis methods, protection strategies, and electrochemical sensing applications of BP and its derivatives. The typical synthesis methods for BP-based crystals, nanosheets, and quantum dots are discussed in detail; the degradation of BP under ambient conditions is introduced; and state-of-the-art protection methodologies for enhancing BP stability are explored. Various electrochemical sensing applications, including chemically modified electrodes, electrochemiluminescence sensors, enzyme electrodes, electrochemical aptasensors, electrochemical immunosensors, and ion-selective electrodes are discussed in detail, along with the mechanisms of BP functionalization, sensing strategies, and sensing properties. Finally, the major challenges in this field are outlined and future research avenues for BP-based electrochemical sensors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Jing-Tao Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Xiao-Man Qi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Hong-Guang Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Guang-Li Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China.
| | - Quan-Guo He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
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Miao Y, Wang X, Sun J, Yan Z. Recent advances in the biomedical applications of black phosphorus quantum dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1532-1550. [PMID: 36132555 PMCID: PMC9417954 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01003k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zero-dimensional (0D) black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), the new derivatives of black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterials, have attracted considerable attention since they were first prepared in 2015. Compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) BP nanosheets, BPQDs exhibit some unique properties and demonstrate great potential for a broad range of applications, especially in the field of biomedicine. Due to the rapid development and substantial research interest in this area, it is urgent to review the current advances, challenges and near-future possibilities of BPQD-related biomedical research, which will benefit the further development of this field. This review is mainly focused on the latest progress of BPQD related applications in the biomedical field, including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), drug delivery, biological imaging, etc. The challenges and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Zhong Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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Fu B, Sun J, Wang C, Shang C, Xu L, Li J, Zhang H. MXenes: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006054. [PMID: 33590637 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 2D materials are in great demand for various applications such as optical devices, supercapacitors, sensors, and biomedicine. MXenes as a kind of novel 2D material have attracted considerable research interest due to their outstanding mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties. Especially, the excellent nonlinear optical response enables them to be potential candidates for the applications in ultrafast photonics. Here, a review of MXenes synthesis, optical properties, and applications in ultrafast lasers is presented. First, aqueous acid etching and chemical vapor deposition methods for preparing MXenes are introduced, in which the storage stability and challenges of the existing synthesis techniques are also discussed. Then, the optical properties of MXenes are discussed specifically, including plasmonic properties, optical detection, photothermal effects, and ultrafast dynamics. Furthermore, the typical ultrafast pulsed lasers enabled by MXene-based saturable absorbers operated at different wavelength regions are summarized. Finally, a summary and outlook on the development of MXenes is presented in the perspectives section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ce Shang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiebo Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Giant nonlinear optical activity in two-dimensional palladium diselenide. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1083. [PMID: 33597512 PMCID: PMC7889859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical effects in layered two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides have been extensively explored recently because of the promising prospect of the nonlinear optical effects for various optoelectronic applications. However, these materials possess sizable bandgaps ranging from visible to ultraviolet region, so the investigation of narrow-bandgap materials remains deficient. Here, we report our comprehensive study on the nonlinear optical processes in palladium diselenide (PdSe2) that has a near-infrared bandgap. Interestingly, this material exhibits a unique thickness-dependent second harmonic generation feature, which is in contrast to other transition metal chalcogenides. Furthermore, the two-photon absorption coefficients of 1–3 layer PdSe2 (β ~ 4.16 × 105, 2.58 × 105, and 1.51 × 105 cm GW−1) are larger by two and three orders of magnitude than that of the conventional two-dimensional materials, and giant modulation depths (αs ~ 32%, 27%, and 24%) were obtained in 1–3 layer PdSe2. Such unique nonlinear optical characteristics make PdSe2 a potential candidate for technological innovations in nonlinear optoelectronic devices. Strong nonlinearities in 2D materials can lead to interesting applications in optoelectronics. Here the authors investigate the optical nonlinearity of palladium diselenide, determine the layer dependent two photon absorption efficiency and the saturable absorption modulation depth.
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46
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Pan W, Jin L, Wang J, Wang R, Zhang H, Yingtian X, Zhao X, Li Y, Ma X. All-normal-dispersion dissipative soliton fiber laser using an offset-splicing graded-index-multimode-fiber-based saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:923-928. [PMID: 33690399 DOI: 10.1364/ao.413601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
All-normal-dispersion (ANDi) dissipative soliton mode-locking is realized based on nonlinear multimode interference (NMI), which is implemented by offset-splicing three pieces of graded-index multimode fibers (GIMFs) and acts as a saturable absorber. The higher-order modes can be excited by offset-splicing GIMFs (OS-GIMFs), which eliminates adding the step multimode fiber (SIMF) into the resonant cavity and the precise length requirement of the SIMF. In the experiment, the stable dissipative soliton mode-locking at 1030 nm can be obtained with the pulse width of 7.3 ps and the repetition rate of 20.52 MHz, and the bandwidth is 6.98 nm. The maximum output is 3.2 mW with the pump power of 257 mW. The OS-GIMFs can significantly improve the saturated absorption and can easily realize dissipative soliton mode-locking in ANDi regions, which makes it attractive in ultrafast photonics.
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Kaur S, Pandey R, Karna SP. Enhanced nonlinear optical response of graphene-based nanoflake van der Waals heterostructures. RSC Adv 2021; 11:5590-5600. [PMID: 35423093 PMCID: PMC8694720 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonlinear optical properties of van der Waals bilayer heterostructures composed of graphene/h-BN and graphene/phosphorene nanoflakes are investigated using time-dependent density functional theory. Our calculated results show a significant enhancement of the first-hyperpolarizability value, β in heterostructures relative to the pristine nanoflakes at λ = 1064 nm. The calculated enhancement in optical nonlinearity mainly results from in-plane anisotropy induced by the interlayer electronic coupling between the adjacent nanoflake layers; a higher degree of anisotropy is induced by puckered phosphorene compared to atomically flat h-BN yielding χ (2) value corresponding to the second harmonic generation of ∼50 pm V-1 in the zigzag graphene/phosphorene bilayer heterostructure. The calculated results clearly show that graphene-based nanoflake heterostructures giving large NLO coefficients together with high electron mobility of these materials offer new opportunities as candidate materials of choice for next-generation photonics and integrated quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumandeep Kaur
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 USA
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 USA
| | - Shashi P Karna
- Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, ATTN: RDRL-WM Aberdeen Proving Ground Aberdeen Maryland 21005-5069 USA
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Huang T, Zhao X, Zeng S, Crunteanu A, Shum PP, Yu N. Planar nonlinear metasurface optics and their applications. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:126101. [PMID: 33290268 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abb56e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are artificial two-dimensional (2D) planar surfaces that consist of subwavelength 'meta-atoms' (i.e. metallic or dielectric nanostructures). They are known for their capability to achieve better and more efficient light control in comparison to their traditional optical counterparts. Abrupt and sharp changes in the electromagnetic properties can be induced by the metasurfaces rather than the conventional gradual accumulation that requires greater propagation distances. Based on this feature, planar optical components like mirrors, lenses, waveplates, isolators and even holograms with ultrasmall thicknesses have been developed. Most of the current metasurface studies have focused on tailoring the linear optical effects for applications such as cloaking, lens imaging and 3D holography. Recently, the use of metasurfaces to enhance nonlinear optical effects has attracted significant attention from the research community. Benefiting from the resulting efficient nonlinear optical processes, the fabrication of integrated all-optical nano-devices with peculiar functionalities including broadband frequency conversions and ultrafast optical switching will become achievable. Plasmonic excitation is one of the most effective approaches to increase nonlinear optical responses due to its induced strong local electromagnetic field enhancement. For instance, continuous phase control on the effective nonlinear polarizability of plasmonic metasurfaces has been demonstrated through spin-rotation light coupling. The phase of the nonlinear polarization can be continuously tuned by spatially changing the meta-atoms' orientations during second and third harmonic generation processes, while the nonlinear metasurfaces also exhibit homogeneous linear properties. In addition, an ultrahigh second-order nonlinear susceptibility of up to 104 pm V-1 has recently been reported by coupling the plasmonic modes of patterned metallic arrays with intersubband transition of multi-quantum-well layered substrate. In order to develop ultra-planar nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces, 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been extensively studied based on their unique nonlinear optical properties. The third-order nonlinear coefficient of graphene is five times that of gold substrate, while TMDC materials also exhibit a strong second-order magnetic susceptibility. In this review, we first focus on the main principles of planar nonlinear plasmonics based on metasurfaces and 2D nonlinear materials. The advantages and challenges of incorporating 2D nonlinear materials into metasurfaces are discussed, followed by their potential applications including orbital angular momentum manipulating and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People's republic of China
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, France
- Wuhan National Library for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430074, People's republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People's republic of China
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, France
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Perry Ping Shum
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People's republic of China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Nanfang Yu
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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Xu N, Li H, Gan Y, Chen H, Li W, Zhang F, Jiang X, Shi Y, Liu J, Wen Q, Zhang H. Zero-Dimensional MXene-Based Optical Devices for Ultrafast and Ultranarrow Photonics Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002209. [PMID: 33240766 PMCID: PMC7675195 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, MXene has become a hotspot because of its good conductivity, strong broadband absorption, and tunable band gap. In this contribution, 0D MXene Ti3C2Tx quantum dots are synthesized by a liquid exfoliation method and a wideband nonlinear optical response from 800 to 1550 nm is studied, which have a larger nonlinear absorption coefficient β of -(11.24 ± 0.14) × 10-2 cm GW-1. The carrier dynamic processes of 0D MXene are explored with ultrahigh time resolution nondegenerate transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, which indicates that the TA signal reaches its maximum in 1.28 ps. Furthermore, 0D MXene is used to generate ultrashort pulses in erbium or ytterbium-doped fiber laser cavity. High signal-to-noise (72 dB) femtosecond lasers with pulse durations as short as 170 fs with spectrum bandwidth of 14.8 nm are obtained. Finally, an ultranarrow fiber laser based on 0D MXene is also investigated and has a full width at half maximum of only 5 kHz, and the power fluctuation is less than 0.75% of the average power. The experimental works prove that 0D MXene is an excellent SA and has a promising application in ultrafast and ultranarrow photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and OptoelectronicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Yiyu Gan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and OptoelectronicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and OptoelectronicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Xiantao Jiang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and OptoelectronicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Yihuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Jiefeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and OptoelectronicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Qiao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and OptoelectronicsCollaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
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Pawliszewska M, Majewski MR, Jackson SD. Electronically tunable picosecond pulse generation from Ho 3+-doped fluoride fiber laser using frequency-shifted feedback. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5808-5811. [PMID: 33057290 DOI: 10.1364/ol.408609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we demonstrate electronically tunable picosecond (ps) pulse emission from the 5I6-5I7 transition of the Ho3+ ion by using an acousto-optic tunable filter. The holmium- and praseodymium-codoped ZBLAN fiber laser produced sub-50 ps pulses over a 100 nm tuning range, critically reaching a longest wavelength of 2.94 µm, which overlaps with the peak absorption of liquid water. Measured pulse energies of 8.1 nJ well exceed those expected from picosecond solitonic operation, suggesting possible application in ablative medicine. Furthermore, we present harmonically mode-locked operation of the oscillator, which indicates the possibility of expanding the capabilities of mid-infrared frequency shifted-feedback lasers through the ability to achieve higher pulse repetition rates.
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