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Kang D. Photoacoustic signal-to-noise ratio comparison for pulse and continuous waveforms of very low optical fluence. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:076006. [PMID: 36451701 PMCID: PMC9321197 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.076006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A majority in the photoacoustic (PA) community unconditionally accepts that pulse PA signals show much higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) than continuously excited PA signals. However, we indicate this existing notion would not be valid for very low optical-fluence light-emiting diodes (LEDs)/laser diodes (LDs)-based PA systems. AIM We demonstrate in theory and simulation that when the optical fluence of PA-excitation waveforms is much lower than the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) maximum permission exposure (MPE), matched filtered PA signals from chirp waveforms show higher SNRs than those of pulse train waveforms. APPROACH We theoretically derive the PA SNR expression considering the pulse fluence reduction factor based on the ANSI MPE. We investigate and analyze SNR ratios of the pulse train and chirp-waveform matched filtered PA signals with conceptual understanding. We also perform brute-force simulations to extract PA SNRs for the verification of the result. RESULTS The brute-force simulations show that the matched filtering with chirp waveforms could achieve better SNRs than pulse train waveforms for very low-fluence PA systems. As the fluence is smaller, the SNR of the matched filtered PA signals is more dominant than that of pulse trains in a wider PA data acquisition time range. In addition, estimated SNR ratios adopting actual parameters of LED/LD-based pulse train PA systems in previous literature support the finding of this paper. CONCLUSIONS The result can extend the possibility of applying various continuous waveform techniques already studied in the conventional radar technology to PA systems of limited optical power, which would diversify and expedite the research and development of LED/LD-based, compact, and cost-effective PA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongYel Kang
- Hanbat National University, School of Basic Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Yang G, Li Q, Zhang B, Wang C. Ultralow sidelobe midinfrared optical phased array based on a broadband metasurface. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:9122-9128. [PMID: 34623995 DOI: 10.1364/ao.437874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an all-solid-state and ultralow sidelobe optical phased array (OPA) through designing a broadband angle-insensitive reflective metasurface in the midinfrared. The simulation results show that the metasurface can realize the wide-frequency metareflection characteristics in the range of 4.3∼5.0µm. Notably, the metasurface array can almost generate a continuous sweep between 0° and 342°, while the variation of reflectivity amplitude is only 10.2%, by changing the corresponding structural parameters. Then, we design and simulate an OPA based on these excellent characteristics of the broadband metasurface. By simply changing the periodicity of the OPA structure, the continuous deflection angles can be achieved within 29.41°, which can increase to 44.06° by changing the angle of the incident beam. A key feature of our design is that the sidelobe energy is less than 3.10% of the main lobe energy.
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3
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Hariri A, Alipour K, Mantri Y, Schulze JP, Jokerst JV. Deep learning improves contrast in low-fluence photoacoustic imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3360-3373. [PMID: 32637260 PMCID: PMC7316023 DOI: 10.1364/boe.395683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Low fluence illumination sources can facilitate clinical transition of photoacoustic imaging because they are rugged, portable, affordable, and safe. However, these sources also decrease image quality due to their low fluence. Here, we propose a denoising method using a multi-level wavelet-convolutional neural network to map low fluence illumination source images to its corresponding high fluence excitation map. Quantitative and qualitative results show a significant potential to remove the background noise and preserve the structures of target. Substantial improvements up to 2.20, 2.25, and 4.3-fold for PSNR, SSIM, and CNR metrics were observed, respectively. We also observed enhanced contrast (up to 1.76-fold) in an in vivo application using our proposed methods. We suggest that this tool can improve the value of such sources in photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hariri
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Kamran Alipour
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Yash Mantri
- Department of BioEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jurgen P. Schulze
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Material Science Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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4
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Fatima A, Kratkiewicz K, Manwar R, Zafar M, Zhang R, Huang B, Dadashzadeh N, Xia J, Avanaki K(M. Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2019; 15:100137. [PMID: 31428558 PMCID: PMC6693691 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) is a major configuration of photoacoustic imaging, a hybrid noninvasive modality for both functional and molecular imaging. PACT has rapidly gained importance in the field of biomedical imaging due to superior performance as compared to conventional optical imaging counterparts. However, the overall cost of developing a PACT system is one of the challenges towards clinical translation of this novel technique. The cost of a typical commercial PACT system originates from optical source, ultrasound detector, and data acquisition unit. With growing applications of photoacoustic imaging, there is a tremendous demand towards reducing its cost. In this review article, we have discussed various approaches to reduce the overall cost of a PACT system, and provided a cost estimation to build a low-cost PACT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Fatima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Karl Kratkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Bin Huang
- 3339 Northwest Ave, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | | | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kamran (Mohammad) Avanaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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5
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Duan T, Lan H, Zhong H, Zhou M, Zhang R, Gao F. Hybrid multi-wavelength nonlinear photoacoustic sensing and imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5611-5614. [PMID: 30439907 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Multi-wavelength photoacoustic (PA) imaging has been studied extensively to explore the spectroscopic absorption contrast of biological tissues. To generate strong PA signals, a high-power wavelength tunable pulsed laser source has to be employed, which is bulky and quite expensive. In this Letter, we propose a hybrid multi-wavelength PA imaging (hPAI) method based on the combination of a single-wavelength pulsed laser source and multi-wavelength continuous-wave (CW) laser sources. By carefully controlling the laser illumination sequence (pulse-CW-pulse) and extracting the PA signal difference before and after the heating of CW lasers, the optical absorption property of multi-wavelength light illumination could be obtained. Compared with conventional PA imaging, the proposed hPAI shows a much lower system cost due to the usage of single-wavelength pulsed lasers and multiple inexpensive CW lasers. As the preliminary results show in this Letter, hPAI imaging has the potential to provide another pathway for high spectroscopic optical absorption contrast in PA imaging.
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Duan T, Zhang R, Feng X, Liu S, Ding R, Zheng Y, Gao F. Phase-domain photoacoustics eliminating acoustic detection variations. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:4026-4029. [PMID: 29060780 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As one of the fastest-growing imaging modalities in recent years, photoacoustic imaging has attracted tremendous research interest for various applications including anatomical, functional and molecular imaging. Majority of the photoacoustic imaging systems are based on time-domain pulsed photoacoustic method, which utilizes pulsed laser source to induce wideband photoacoustic signal revealing optical absorption contrast. An alternative way is frequency-domain photoacoustic method utilizing chirping modulation of laser intensity to achieve lower system cost. In this paper, we report another way of photoacoustic method, called phase-domain photoacoustic sensing, which explores the phase difference between two consequent intensity-modulated laser pulses induced photoacoustic measurements to reveal the optical property. The basic principle is introduced, modelled and experimentally validated in this paper, which opens another potential pathway to perform photoacoustic sensing and imaging eliminating acoustic detection variations beyond the conventional time-domain and frequency-domain photoacoustic methods.
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Castelino RF, Hynes M, Munding CE, Telenkov S, Foster FS. Combined frequency domain photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging for intravascular applications. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4441-4449. [PMID: 27895986 PMCID: PMC5119586 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging has the potential to characterize lipid-rich structures based on the optical absorption contrast of tissues. In this study, we explore frequency domain photoacoustics (FDPA) for intravascular applications. The system employed an intensity-modulated continuous wave (CW) laser diode, delivering 1W over an intensity modulated chirp frequency of 4-12MHz. We demonstrated the feasibility of this approach on an agar vessel phantom with graphite and lipid targets, imaged using a planar acoustic transducer co-aligned with an optical fibre, allowing for the co-registration of IVUS and FDPA images. A frequency domain correlation method was used for signal processing and image reconstruction. The graphite and lipid targets show an increase in FDPA signal as compared to the background of 21dB and 16dB, respectively. Use of compact CW laser diodes may provide a valuable alternative for the development of photoacoustic intravascular devices instead of pulsed laser systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F. Castelino
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Michael Hynes
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Chelsea E. Munding
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Sergey Telenkov
- PHAST Imaging, 1B Richview Road, Toronto, ON M9A 4M6, Canada
| | - F. Stuart Foster
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
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8
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Vogt WC, Jia C, Wear KA, Garra BS, Joshua Pfefer T. Biologically relevant photoacoustic imaging phantoms with tunable optical and acoustic properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:101405. [PMID: 26886681 PMCID: PMC4756225 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.10.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Established medical imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography rely on well-validated tissue-simulating phantoms for standardized testing of device image quality. The availability of high-quality phantoms for optical-acoustic diagnostics such as photoacoustic tomography (PAT) will facilitate standardization and clinical translation of these emerging approaches. Materials used in prior PAT phantoms do not provide a suitable combination of long-term stability and realistic acoustic and optical properties. Therefore, we have investigated the use of custom polyvinyl chloride plastisol (PVCP) formulations for imaging phantoms and identified a dual-plasticizer approach that provides biologically relevant ranges of relevant properties. Speed of sound and acoustic attenuation were determined over a frequency range of 4 to 9 MHz and optical absorption and scattering over a wavelength range of 400 to 1100 nm. We present characterization of several PVCP formulations, including one designed to mimic breast tissue. This material is used to construct a phantom comprised of an array of cylindrical, hemoglobin-filled inclusions for evaluation of penetration depth. Measurements with a custom near-infrared PAT imager provide quantitative and qualitative comparisons of phantom and tissue images. Results indicate that our PVCP material is uniquely suitable for PAT system image quality evaluation and may provide a practical tool for device validation and intercomparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Vogt
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Congxian Jia
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Keith A. Wear
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Brian S. Garra
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - T. Joshua Pfefer
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
- Address all correspondence to: T. Joshua Pfefer, E-mail:
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9
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Langer G, Buchegger B, Jacak J, Klar TA, Berer T. Frequency domain photoacoustic and fluorescence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:2692-702. [PMID: 27446698 PMCID: PMC4948622 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report on simultaneous frequency domain optical-resolution photoacoustic and fluorescence microscopy with sub-µm lateral resolution. With the help of a blood smear, we show that photoacoustic and fluorescence images provide complementary information. Furthermore, we compare theoretically predicted signal-to-noise ratios of sinusoidal modulation in frequency domain with pulsed excitation in time domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Langer
- Research Center for Non-Destructive Testing GmbH, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Bianca Buchegger
- Institute for Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- Institute for Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Applied Health & Social Sciences, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas A. Klar
- Institute for Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Berer
- Research Center for Non-Destructive Testing GmbH, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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10
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Lashkari B, Zhang K, Mandelis A. High-Frame-Rate Synthetic Aperture Ultrasound Imaging Using Mismatched Coded Excitation Waveform Engineering: A Feasibility Study. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2016; 63:828-841. [PMID: 27101603 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2016.2551705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mismatched coded excitation (CE) can be employed to increase the frame rate of synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging. The high autocorrelation and low cross correlation (CC) of transmitted signals enables the identification and separation of signal sources at the receiver. Thus, the method provides B-mode imaging with simultaneous transmission from several elements and capability of spatial decoding of the transmitted signals, which makes the imaging process equivalent to consecutive transmissions. Each transmission generates its own image and the combination of all the images results in an image with a high lateral resolution. In this paper, we introduce two different methods for generating multiple mismatched CEs with an identical frequency bandwidth and code length. Therefore, the proposed families of mismatched CEs are able to generate similar resolutions and signal-to-noise ratios. The application of these methods is demonstrated experimentally. Furthermore, several techniques are suggested that can be used to reduce the CC between the mismatched codes.
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11
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Feng X, Gao F, Xu C, Gaoming L, Zheng Y. Self temperature regulation of photothermal therapy by laser-shared photoacoustic feedback. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:4492-5. [PMID: 26421564 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.004492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a laser-shared photothermal system that achieves tight temperature regulation by frequency-domain photoacoustic (FD-PA) feedback. To this end, a continuous-wave laser system was designed with arbitrarily modulatable laser intensity. And, by fast alternating in the time domain between a constant laser intensity for photothermal heating and a modulated laser intensity for FD-PA temperature measurement, photothermal temperature variations are captured by FD-PA in real time. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller monitors the feedback from FD-PA measurements and controls photothermal heating dose accordingly, thus stabilizing the temperature at preset values. The proposed system is demonstrated to achieve ultrafast temperature measurement at a 4 kHz rate, and with proper averaging, the measurement and regulation accuracy are 0.75 deg and 0.9 deg respectively.
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12
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Taruttis A, van Dam GM, Ntziachristos V. Mesoscopic and Macroscopic Optoacoustic Imaging of Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1548-59. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Lashkari B, Sean Choi SS, Khosroshahi ME, Dovlo E, Mandelis A. Simultaneous dual-wavelength photoacoustic radar imaging using waveform engineering with mismatched frequency modulated excitation. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1145-8. [PMID: 25831278 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The spectroscopic imaging capability of photoacoustics (PA) without the depth limitations of optical methods offers a major advantage in preclinical and clinical applications. Consecutive PA measurements with properly chosen wavelengths allow composition related information about blood or tissue. In this work, we propose and experimentally introduce modulation waveform engineering through the use of mismatched (uncorrelated or weakly correlated) linear frequency modulated signals for PA characterization and imaging. The feasibility of the method was tested on oxygen saturated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin in vitro in a blood circulating rig. The method was also employed for in vivo imaging of a neck carcinoma tumor grown in a mouse thigh. The proposed method can increase the accuracy and speed of functional imaging by simultaneous PA probing with two wavelengths using portable laser-diode based PA imaging systems.
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14
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Dovlo E, Lashkari B, Mandelis A, Shi W, Liu FF. Photoacoustic radar phase-filtered spatial resolution and co-registered ultrasound image enhancement for tumor detection. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1003-1009. [PMID: 25798321 PMCID: PMC4361416 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Co-registered ultrasound (US) and frequency-domain photoacoustic radar (FD-PAR) imaging is reported for the first time in this paper. The merits of ultrasound and cross-correlation (radar) frequency-domain photoacoustic imaging are leveraged for accurate tumor detection. Commercial US imagers possess sophisticated, optimized software for rapid image acquisition that could dramatically speed-up PA imaging. The PAR image generated from the amplitude of the cross-correlation between detected and input signals was filtered by the standard deviation (SD) of the phase of the correlation signal, resulting in strong improvement of image spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast. Application of phase-mediated image improvement is illustrated by imaging a cancer cell-injected mouse. A 14-15 dB SNR gain was recorded for the phase-filtered image compared to the amplitude and phase independently, while ~340 μm spatial resolution was seen for the phase PAR image compared to ~840 μm for the amplitude image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edem Dovlo
- Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8,
Canada
| | - Bahman Lashkari
- Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8,
Canada
| | - Andreas Mandelis
- Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8,
Canada
| | - Wei Shi
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,
Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,
Canada
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15
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Kang D, Huang Q, Li Y. Noninvasive photoacoustic measurement of the composite indicator dilution curve for cardiac output estimation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:536-543. [PMID: 25780743 PMCID: PMC4354579 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the measurement of indicator dilution curves using a photoacoustic (PA) technology was reported, which showed promising results on the noninvasive estimation of cardiac output (CO) that is an important hemodynamic parameter useful in various clinical situations. However, in clinical practice, measuring PA indicator dilution curves from an arterial blood vessel requires an ultrasound transducer array capable of focusing on the targeted artery. This causes several challenges on the clinical translation of the PA indicator dilution method, such as high sensor cost and complexity. In this paper, we theoretically derived that a composite PA indicator dilution curve simultaneously measured from both arterial and venous blood vessels can be used to estimate CO correctly. The ex-vivo and in-vivo experimental results with a flat ultrasound transducer verified the developed theory. We believe this new concept would overcome the main challenges on the clinical translation of the noninvasive PA indicator dilution technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongYel Kang
- Respiratory and Monitoring Solution, Covidien, 6135 Gunbarrel Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301,
USA
- HanBat National University, 125 DongSeoDaeRo, YuSeong-Gu, Daejeon 305-719,
South Korea
| | - Qiaojian Huang
- Respiratory and Monitoring Solution, Covidien, 6135 Gunbarrel Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301,
USA
| | - Youzhi Li
- Respiratory and Monitoring Solution, Covidien, 6135 Gunbarrel Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301,
USA
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16
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Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of biological tissue has seen immense growth in the past decade, providing unprecedented spatial resolution and functional information at depths in the optical diffusive regime. PAI uniquely combines the advantages of optical excitation and those of acoustic detection. The hybrid imaging modality features high sensitivity to optical absorption and wide scalability of spatial resolution with the desired imaging depth. Here we first summarize the fundamental principles underpinning the technology, then highlight its practical implementation, and finally discuss recent advances toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong V. Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Liang Gao
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
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17
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Gao F, Feng X, Zheng Y, Ohl CD. Photoacoustic resonance spectroscopy for biological tissue characterization. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:067006. [PMID: 24928154 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.6.067006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
By "listening to photons," photoacoustics allows the probing of chromosomes in depth beyond the optical diffusion limit. Here we report the photoacoustic resonance effect induced by multiburst modulated laser illumination, which is theoretically modeled as a damped mass-string oscillator and a resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) circuit. Through sweeping the frequency of multiburst modulated laser, the photoacoustic resonance effect is observed experimentally on phantoms and porcine tissues. Experimental results demonstrate different spectra for each phantom and tissue sample to show significant potential for spectroscopic analysis, fusing optical absorption and mechanical vibration properties. Unique RLC circuit parameters are extracted to quantitatively characterize phantom and biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Xiaohua Feng
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Claus-Dieter Ohl
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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18
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Telenkov SA, Alwi R, Mandelis A. Photoacoustic correlation signal-to-noise ratio enhancement by coherent averaging and optical waveform optimization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:104907. [PMID: 24182151 DOI: 10.1063/1.4825034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging of biological tissues using laser diodes instead of conventional Q-switched pulsed systems provides an attractive alternative for biomedical applications. However, the relatively low energy of laser diodes operating in the pulsed regime, results in generation of very weak acoustic waves, and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the detected signals. This problem can be addressed if optical excitation is modulated using custom waveforms and correlation processing is employed to increase SNR through signal compression. This work investigates the effect of the parameters of the modulation waveform on the resulting correlation signal and offers a practical means for optimizing PA signal detection. The advantage of coherent signal averaging is demonstrated using theoretical analysis and a numerical model of PA generation. It was shown that an additional 5-10 dB of SNR can be gained through waveform engineering by adjusting the parameters and profile of optical modulation waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Telenkov
- Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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Alwi R, Telenkov S, Mandelis A, Leshuk T, Gu F, Oladepo S, Michaelian K. Silica-coated super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) as biocompatible contrast agent in biomedical photoacoustics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:2500-9. [PMID: 23082291 PMCID: PMC3470002 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report for the first time the use of silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) as contrast agents in biomedical photoacoustic imaging. Using frequency-domain photoacoustic correlation (the photoacoustic radar), we investigated the effects of nanoparticle size, concentration and biological media (e.g. serum, sheep blood) on the photoacoustic response in turbid media. Maximum detection depth and the minimum measurable SPION concentration were determined experimentally. The nanoparticle-induced optical contrast ex vivo in dense muscular tissues (avian pectus and murine quadricept) was evaluated and the strong potential of silica-coated SPION as a possible photoacoustic contrast agents was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Alwi
- Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Sergey Telenkov
- Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Andreas Mandelis
- Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Timothy Leshuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Frank Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sulayman Oladepo
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, AB, T9G 1A8, Canada
| | - Kirk Michaelian
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, AB, T9G 1A8, Canada
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