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Shaban M, Merkert N, van Duin ACT, van Duin D, Weber AP. Advancing DBD Plasma Chemistry: Insights into Reactive Nitrogen Species such as NO 2, N 2O 5, and N 2O Optimization and Species Reactivity through Experiments and MD Simulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:16087-16099. [PMID: 39205652 PMCID: PMC11394011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to fine-tune the plasma composition with a particular emphasis on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), and nitrous oxide (N2O), produced by a self-constructed cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (CDBD). We demonstrated the effective manipulation of the plasma chemical profile by optimizing electrical properties, including the applied voltage and frequency, and by adjusting the nitrogen and oxygen ratios in the gas mixture. Additionally, quantification of these active species was achieved using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The study further extends to exploring the aerosol polymerization of acrylamide (AM) into polyacrylamide (PAM), serving as a model reaction to evaluate the reactivity of different plasma-generated species, highlighting the significant role of NO2 in achieving high polymerization yields. Complementing our experimental data, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, based on the ReaxFF reactive force field potential, explored the interactions between reactive oxygen species, specifically hydroxyl radicals (OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with water molecules. Understanding these interactions, combined with the optimization of plasma chemistry, is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of DBD plasma in environmental applications like air purification and water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoom Shaban
- Institute of Particle Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, 38640 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Clausthal University of Technology, 38640 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Nina Merkert
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Clausthal University of Technology, 38640 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Adri C T van Duin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- RxFF Consulting LLC, 1524 West College Avenue, Suite 202, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Diana van Duin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- RxFF Consulting LLC, 1524 West College Avenue, Suite 202, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Alfred P Weber
- Institute of Particle Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, 38640 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Culleton LP, di Meane EA, Ward MKM, Ferracci V, Persijn S, Holmqvist A, Arrhenius K, Murugan A, Brewer PJ. Characterization of Fourier Transform Infrared, Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy, and Optical Feedback Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy Instruments for the Analysis of Ammonia in Biogas and Biomethane. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15207-15214. [PMID: 36300991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel traceable analytical methods and reference gas standards were developed for the detection of trace-level ammonia in biogas and biomethane. This work focused on an ammonia amount fraction at an upper limit level of 10 mg m-3 (corresponding to approximately 14 μmol mol-1) specified in EN 16723-1:2016. The application of spectroscopic analytical methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, and optical feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, was investigated. These techniques all exhibited the necessary ammonia sensitivity at the required 14 μmol mol-1 amount fraction. A 29-month stability study of reference gas mixtures of 10 μmol mol-1 ammonia in methane and synthetic biogas is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy P Culleton
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington, MiddlesexTW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Elena Amico di Meane
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington, MiddlesexTW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Michael K M Ward
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington, MiddlesexTW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Valerio Ferracci
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington, MiddlesexTW11 0LW, U.K
| | | | - Albin Holmqvist
- Research Institutes of Sweden AB (RISE), Brinellgatan 4, 504 62Borås, Sweden
| | - Karine Arrhenius
- Research Institutes of Sweden AB (RISE), Brinellgatan 4, 504 62Borås, Sweden
| | - Arul Murugan
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington, MiddlesexTW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Paul J Brewer
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington, MiddlesexTW11 0LW, U.K
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Nardiello M, Scieuzo C, Salvia R, Farina D, Franco A, Cammack JA, Tomberlin JK, Falabella P, Persaud KC. Odorant binding proteins from Hermetia illucens: potential sensing elements for detecting volatile aldehydes involved in early stages of organic decomposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:205501. [PMID: 35114654 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac51ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic decomposition processes, involving the breakdown of complex molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats, release small chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), smelly even at very low concentrations, but not all readily detectable by vertebrates. Many of these compounds are instead detected by insects, mostly by saprophytic species, for which long-range orientation towards organic decomposition matter is crucial. In the present work the detection of aldehydes, as an important measure of lipid oxidation, has been possible exploiting the molecular machinery underlying odour recognition inHermetia illucens(Diptera: Stratiomyidae). This voracious scavenger insect is of interest due to its outstanding capacity in bioconversion of organic waste, colonizing very diverse environments due to the ability of sensing a wide range of chemical compounds that influence the choice of substrates for ovideposition. A variety of soluble odorant binding proteins (OBPs) that may function as carriers of hydrophobic molecules from the air-water interface in the antenna of the insect to the receptors were identified, characterised and expressed. An OBP-based nanobiosensor prototype was realized using selected OBPs as sensing layers for the development of an array of quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) for vapour phase detection of selected compounds at room temperature. QCMs coated with four recombinantH. illucensOBPs (HillOBPs) were exposed to a wide range of VOCs indicative of organic decomposition, showing a high sensitivity for the detection of three chemical compounds belonging to the class of aldehydes and one short-chain fatty acid. The possibility of using biomolecules capable of binding small ligands as reversible gas sensors has been confirmed, greatly expanding the state-of the-art in gas sensing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Nardiello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Donatella Farina
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Franco
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Cammack
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey K Tomberlin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Krishna C Persaud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Viallon J, Moussay P, Flores E, Wielgosz RI. Ozone Cross-Section Measurement by Gas Phase Titration. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10720-10727. [PMID: 27723975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elevated values of ground-level ozone damage health, vegetation, and building materials and are the subject of air quality regulations. Levels are monitored by networks using mostly ultraviolet (UV) absorption instruments, with traceability to standard reference photometers, relying on the UV absorption of ozone at the 253.65 nm line of mercury. We have redetermined the ozone cross-section at this wavelength based on gas phase titration (GPT) measurements. This is a well-known chemical method using the reaction of ozone (O3) with nitrogen monoxide (NO) resulting in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxygen (O2). The BIPM GPT facility uses state-of-the-art flow measurement, chemiluminescence for NO concentration measurements, a cavity phase shift analyzer (CAPS) for NO2 measurements, and a UV ozone analyzer. The titration experiment is performed over the concentration range 100-500 nmol/mol, with NO and NO2 reactants/calibrants diluted down from standards with nominal mole fractions of 50 μmol/mol. Accurate measurements of NO, NO2, and O3 mole fractions allow the calculation of ozone absorption cross section values at 253.65 nm, and we report a value of 11.24 × 10-18 cm2 molecule-1 with a relative expanded uncertainty of 1.8% (coverage factor k = 2) based on nitrogen monoxide titration values and a value of 11.22 × 10-18 cm2 molecule-1 with a relative expanded uncertainty of 1.4% (coverage factor k = 2) based on nitrogen dioxide titration values. The excellent agreement between these values and recently published absorption cross-section measurements directly on pure ozone provide strong evidence for revising the conventionally accepted value of ozone cross section at 253.65 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joële Viallon
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) , Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312 Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Moussay
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) , Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312 Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Edgar Flores
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) , Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312 Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Robert I Wielgosz
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) , Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312 Sèvres Cedex, France
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Ferguson FT, Johnson NM, Nuth JA. On the Use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Synthetic Calibration Spectra to Quantify Gas Concentrations in a Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst System. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:1157-1169. [PMID: 26449809 DOI: 10.1366/15-07950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One possible origin of prebiotic organic material is that these compounds were formed via Fischer-Tropsch-type (FTT) reactions of carbon monoxide and hydrogen on silicate and oxide grains in the warm, inner-solar nebula. To investigate this possibility, an experimental system has been built in which the catalytic efficiency of different grain-analog materials can be tested. During such runs, the gas phase above these grain analogs is sampled using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. To provide quantitative estimates of the concentration of these gases, a technique in which high-resolution spectra of the gases are calculated using the High-Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption (HITRAN) database is used. Next, these spectra are processed via a method that mimics the processes giving rise to the instrumental line shape of the FT-IR spectrometer, including apodization, self-apodization, and broadening due to the finite resolution. The result is a very close match between the measured and computed spectra. This technique was tested using four major gases found in the FTT reactions: carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, and water. For the ranges typical of the FTT reactions, the carbon monoxide results were found to be accurate to within 5% and the remaining gases accurate to within 10%. These spectra can then be used to generate synthetic calibration data, allowing the rapid computation of the gas concentrations in the FTT experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Ferguson
- Catholic University of America, Dept. of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. 20064 USA
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