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Mostafa A, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Elhady HA, Mohamed EA, Eledrdery AY, Alruwaili SH, Al-Abd AM, Allayeh AK. Dual action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in virus-induced cell Injury. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:145. [PMID: 38012348 PMCID: PMC10682343 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections cause damage and long-term injury to infected human tissues, demanding therapy with antiviral and wound healing medications. Consequently, safe phytochemical molecules that may control viral infections with an ability to provide wound healing to viral-induced tissue injuries, either topically or systemically, are advantageous. Herein, we hypothesized that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, might be effective as a wound healing, antiviral, and antifibrotic therapy. RESULTS The antiviral activities of EGCG against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) as well as its wound healing activities against different monolayer tissue (continuous and primary) systems were investigated. Consider its possible wound-healing advantages as well. To determine the safe concentrations of EGCG in green monkey kidney (Vero) and Vero-E6 cell lines, MTT assay was performed and showed high CC50 values of 405.1 and 322.9 μM, respectively. The antiviral activities of EGCG against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-2, measured as half-maximal concentration 50 (IC50) concentrations, were 36.28 and 59.88 μM, respectively. These results confirm that the EGCG has remarkable viral inhibitory activities and could successfully suppress the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-2 in vitro with acceptable selectivity indices (SI) of 11.16 and 5.39, respectively. In parallel, the EGCG exhibits significant and dose/time-dependent anti-migration effects in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), its resistant variation (MCF-7adr), and human skin fibroblast (HSF) indicating their potential to heal injuries in different internal and topical mammalian systems. CONCLUSIONS The EGCG has proven to be an efficient antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-2, as well as a wound-healing phytochemical. We assume that EGCG may be a promising option for slowing the course of acute cellular damage induced by systemic (Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)) or topical (HSV-2) viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mostafa
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA.
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department and Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, 11564, Skaka, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Esraa Ahmed Mohamed
- Virology Department, Nawah Scientific Co, Almokattam Mall, Street 9, Egypt, 11562, El Mokattam, Egypt
| | - Abozer Y Eledrdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf Uni-Versity, 11564, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sager Holyl Alruwaili
- Department of Surgery, Orthopedic Division, College of Medicine, Jouf University, 11564, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Al-Abd
- Pharmacology Department, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdou Kamal Allayeh
- Water Pollution Department, Virology Laboratory, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Tian WJ, Wang XJ. Broad-Spectrum Antivirals Derived from Natural Products. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051100. [PMID: 37243186 DOI: 10.3390/v15051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific advances have led to the development and production of numerous vaccines and antiviral drugs, but viruses, including re-emerging and emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, remain a major threat to human health. Many antiviral agents are rarely used in clinical treatment, however, because of their inefficacy and resistance. The toxicity of natural products may be lower, and some natural products have multiple targets, which means less resistance. Therefore, natural products may be an effective means to solve virus infection in the future. New techniques and ideas are currently being developed for the design and screening of antiviral drugs thanks to recent revelations about virus replication mechanisms and the advancement of molecular docking technology. This review will summarize recently discovered antiviral drugs, mechanisms of action, and screening and design strategies for novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zheleznichenko T, Voronkova M, Asbaganov S, Kukushkina T, Filippova E, Protsenko M, Mazurkova N, Novikova T. Impact of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains on secondary metabolites accumulation in Nitraria schoberi L. hairy roots and antiviral activity of their extracts against influenza virus of subtypes A (H5N1) and A (H3N2). IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. PLANT : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 2023; 59:1-15. [PMID: 37363438 PMCID: PMC10101541 DOI: 10.1007/s11627-023-10343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To optimize protocol for obtaining hairy roots of Nitraria schoberi L. with high antiviral activities, factors such as four strain types of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A4, ATCC15834, R-1601, 8196), two explant types, namely cotyledonous and primary leaves of seedlings, and different cultivation durations (30 and 90 d) were studied. The formation of hairy roots was observed after 2 to 4 wk of incubation, depending on the type of explant and the strain of A. rhizogenes used. The maximum transformation frequency (85.7%) was observed in the cotyledons genetically modified with the strain ATCC15834. The transgenic nature of hairy roots was revealed by PCR with primers to the Agrobacterium oncogenes rolB and rolC. The absence of contamination of the culture by A. rhizogenes was confirmed by primers to the virC and virD1 genes. Phytochemical analysis showed that accumulation of individual metabolites in the line samples exceeded their levels in the native Nitraria roots. Catechin content in the cultures of long-term cultivation (90 d) was found 1.4 to 2.2 times higher than the same samples of short cultivation (30 d) and 4.8 to 10.8 times higher in comparison with the native roots. The most productive in terms of catechin level were hairy roots of long-term cultivation obtained during the transformation of primary leaves of N. schoberi seedlings with ATCC15834 strain. These data were consistent with the highest antiviral activities against influenza viruses of A (H5N1) and A (H3N2) subtypes with neutralization indexes 6.5 to 6.75 log10, and selectivity index values were in the range 15.4 to 16.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Zheleznichenko
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya, 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Mariya Voronkova
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya, 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Asbaganov
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya, 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Kukushkina
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya, 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Filippova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “VECTOR” 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - Mariya Protsenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “VECTOR” 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya Mazurkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “VECTOR” 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Novikova
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya, 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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4
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Cheng Y, Liu M, Yu Q, Huang S, Han S, Shi J, Wei H, Zou J, Li P. Effect of EGCG Extracted from Green Tea against Largemouth Bass Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:151. [PMID: 36680191 PMCID: PMC9864265 DOI: 10.3390/v15010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a major viral pathogen in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) aquaculture that often causes high mortality and heavy economic losses, thus developing treatments to combat this pathogen is of great commercial importance. Green tea is a well-known medicinal plant that contains active ingredients with antiviral, antibacterial, and other biological activities. The goals of this study were to explore the effect and mechanism of green tea source compounds on LMBV and provide data to serve as the basis for the screening of targeted drugs in the future. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the main component of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), against LMBV infection. (2) Methods: The safe working concentration of EGCG was identified by cell viability detection and light microscopy. The antiviral activity and mechanism of action of EGCG against LMBV infection were evaluated with light microscopy, an aptamer 6-carboxy-fluorescein-based fluorescent molecular probe, and reverse transcription quantitative PCR. (3) Results: The safe working concentration of EGCG was ≤10 μg/mL. EGCG showed significant anti-LMBV infection activity in a concentration-dependent manner, and it also destroyed the structure of virus particles. EGCG impacted the binding of virus particles to cell receptors and virus invasion into the host cells. Inhibitory effects of EGCG on LMBV particles, LMBV binding to the host-cell membrane, and LMBV invasion were 84.89%, 98.99%, and 95.23%, respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of EGCG subsequently were verified in vivo. The fatality rate of the LMBV + EGCG group was significantly lower than that of the LMBV group. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that EGCG has effective antiviral properties against LMBV and may be a candidate for the effective treatment and control of LMBV infections in largemouth bass aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530000, China
- China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Shuaishuai Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Shuyu Han
- Guangxi Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Jingu Shi
- Beihai Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Beihai 536001, China
| | - Hongling Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Jianwei Zou
- Beihai Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Beihai 536001, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530000, China
- China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Nanning 530000, China
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5
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Matsuura R, Kawamura A, Matsumoto Y, Iida Y, Kanayama M, Kurokawa M, Aida Y. Epigallocatechin Gallate Stabilized by Cyclodextrin Inactivates Influenza Virus and Human Coronavirus 229E. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091796. [PMID: 36144398 PMCID: PMC9503507 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are attractive antiviral agents because they are environment-friendly and mostly harmless. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), a type of catechin, is a well-known natural antiviral agent that can inhibit various viruses. However, EGCg easily oxidizes and loses its physiological activity. Although this problem can be overcome by combining EGCg with cyclodextrin (CD-EGCg), which makes it stable in water at high concentrations, the antiviral effect of this compound remains unclear. Here, we show that in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and MRC-5 cells, CD-EGCg is cytotoxic for 50% of cells at 85.61 and 65.34 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, CD-EGCg mainly shows its antiviral effect during the adsorption step for all four influenza virus strains (median effect concentration (EC50) was 0.93 to 2.78 ppm). Its antiviral effect post-adsorption is less intense, and no inhibitory effect is observed on influenza viruses pre-adsorption. Moreover, human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) was inhibited at the adsorption step in short contact (EC50 = 2.5 ppm) and long contact conditions (EC50 = 0.5 ppm) by mixing CD-EGCg with HCoV-229E. These results suggest that CD-EGCg effectively inhibits various viruses that require an adsorption step, and is an effective tool for preventing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Arisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Iida
- HPG Co., Ltd., 3-18-9 Hatchobori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-00332, Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino-cho, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.A.)
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6
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Hou L, Zhang Y, Ju H, Cherukupalli S, Jia R, Zhang J, Huang B, Loregian A, Liu X, Zhan P. Contemporary medicinal chemistry strategies for the discovery and optimization of influenza inhibitors targeting vRNP constituent proteins. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1805-1824. [PMID: 35847499 PMCID: PMC9279641 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, affecting people globally and causing significant social and economic losses. Due to the inevitable limitations of vaccines and approved drugs, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-influenza drugs with different mechanisms. The viral ribonucleoprotein complex (vRNP) plays an essential role in the life cycle of influenza viruses, representing an attractive target for drug design. In recent years, the functional area of constituent proteins in vRNP are widely used as targets for drug discovery, especially the PA endonuclease active site, the RNA-binding site of PB1, the cap-binding site of PB2 and the nuclear export signal of NP protein. Encouragingly, the PA inhibitor baloxavir has been marketed in Japan and the United States, and several drug candidates have also entered clinical trials, such as favipiravir. This article reviews the compositions and functions of the influenza virus vRNP and the research progress on vRNP inhibitors, and discusses the representative drug discovery and optimization strategies pursued.
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7
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Targeted inhibition of the endonuclease activity of influenza polymerase acidic proteins. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:571-586. [PMID: 35213253 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a type of acute respiratory virus infection caused by the influenza virus that occurs in epidemics worldwide every year. Due to the increasing incidence of influenza virus resistance to existing drugs, researchers are looking for novel antiviral drugs with new mechanisms. The endonuclease activity of polymerase acidic protein is essential in the process of influenza virus reproduction, and inhibiting it could prevent the virus from replicating. There are relatively few drugs that act on this protein, and only baloxavir marboxil has been approved for clinical use. In this article, the structure and function of influenza virus polymerase acidic protein endonuclease, mechanism of action of polymerase acidic endonuclease inhibitors and the research progress of inhibitors are reviewed.
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8
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Hong M, Cheng L, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang P, Zhang X. A Natural Plant Source-Tea Polyphenols, a Potential Drug for Improving Immunity and Combating Virus. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030550. [PMID: 35276917 PMCID: PMC8839699 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still in a global epidemic, which has profoundly affected people’s lives. Tea polyphenols (TP) has been reported to enhance the immunity of the body to COVID-19 and other viral infectious diseases. The inhibitory effect of TP on COVID-19 may be achieved through a series of mechanisms, including the inhibition of multiple viral targets, the blocking of cellular receptors, and the activation of transcription factors. Emerging evidence shows gastrointestinal tract is closely related to respiratory tract, therefore, the relationship between the state of the gut–lung axis microflora and immune homeostasis of the host needs further research. This article summarized that TP can improve the disorder of flora, reduce the occurrence of cytokine storm, improve immunity, and prevent COVID-19 infection. TP may be regarded as a potential and valuable source for the design of new antiviral drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Hong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Student Affairs, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
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9
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Silva LR, da Silva-Júnior EF. Multi-Target Approaches of Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and its Derivatives Against Influenza Viruses. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1485-1500. [PMID: 35086449 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220127112056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses (INFV), Orthomyxoviridae family, are mainly transmitted among humans, via aerosols or droplets from the respiratory secretions. However, fomites could be a potential transmission pathway. Annually, seasonal INFV infections account for 290-650 thousand deaths worldwide. Currently, there are two classes of approved drugs to treat INFV infections, being neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors and blockers of matrix-2 (M2) ion channel. However, cases of resistance have been observed for both chemical classes, reducing the efficacy of treatment. The emergence of influenza outbreaks and pandemics calls for new antiviral molecules more effective and that could overcome the current resistance to anti-influenza drugs. In this context, polyphenolic compounds are found in various plants and these have displayed different multi-target approaches against diverse pathogens. Among these, green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins, in special epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), have demonstrated significant activities against the two most relevant human INFV, subtypes A and lineages B. In this sense, EGCG has been found a promising multi-target agent against INFV since can act inhibiting NA, hemagglutination (HA), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and viral entry/adsorption. In general, the lack of knowledge about potential multi-target natural products prevents an adequate exploration of them, increasing the time for developing multi-target drugs. Then, this review aimed to compile to most relevant studies showing the anti-INFV effects of EGCG and its derivatives, which could become antiviral drug prototypes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Rocha Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, AC Simões campus, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, AC Simões campus, Maceió, Brazil
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A Comprehensive Review of the Potential Use of Green Tea Polyphenols in the Management of COVID-19. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7170736. [PMID: 34899956 PMCID: PMC8664505 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7170736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Green tea is produced from Camellia sinensis (L.) buds and leaves that have not gone through the oxidation and withering processes used to produce black and oolong teas. It was originated in China, but its cultivation and production have expanded to other Eastern Asian countries. Several polyphenolic compounds, including flavandiols, flavonols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, are found in green tea and may constitute greater than 30% of the dry weight. Flavonols, especially catechins, represent the majority of green tea polyphenols. Green tea polyphenolic compounds have been reported to confer several health benefits. This review describes the potential use of green tea polyphenols in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of green tea polyphenols have also been considered in this review. In addition to describing the bioactivities associated with green tea polyphenols, this review discusses the potential delivery of these biomolecules using a nanoparticle drug delivery system. Moreover, the bioavailability and toxicity of green tea polyphenols are also evaluated.
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11
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Meng X, Wang Y. Drug Repurposing for Influenza Virus Polymerase Acidic (PA) Endonuclease Inhibitor. Molecules 2021; 26:7326. [PMID: 34885905 PMCID: PMC8659148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing can quickly and effectively identify novel drug repurposing opportunities. The PA endonuclease catalytic site has recently become regarded as an attractive target for the screening of anti-influenza drugs. PA N-terminal (PAN) inhibitor can inhibit the entire PA endonuclease activity. In this study, we screened the effectivity of PAN inhibitors from the FDA database through in silico methods and in vitro experiments. PAN and mutant PAN-I38T were chosen as virtual screening targets for overcoming drug resistance. Gel-based PA endonuclease analysis determined that the drug lifitegrast can effectively inhibit PAN and PAN-I38T, when the IC50 is 32.82 ± 1.34 μM and 26.81 ± 1.2 μM, respectively. Molecular docking calculation showed that lifitegrast interacted with the residues around PA or PA-I38 T's active site, occupying the catalytic site pocket. Both PAN/PAN-I38T and lifitegrast can acquire good equilibrium in 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation. Because of these properties, lifitegrast, which can effectively inhibit PA endonuclease activity, was screened through in silico and in vitro research. This new research will be of significance in developing more effective and selective drugs for anti-influenza therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China;
- School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China;
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Bimonte S, Forte CA, Cuomo M, Esposito G, Cascella M, Cuomo A. An Overview on the Potential Roles of EGCG in the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4447-4454. [PMID: 34737551 PMCID: PMC8560077 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s314666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently ongoing worldwide and causes a lot of deaths in many countries. Although different vaccines for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been developed and are now available, there are no effective antiviral drugs to treat the disease, except for Remdesivir authorized by the US FDA to counteract the emergency. Thus, it can be useful to find alternative therapies based on the employment of natural compounds, with antiviral features, to circumvent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pre-clinical studies highlighted the antiviral activities of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a catechin primarily found in green tea, against various viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we summarize this experimental evidence and highlight the potential use of EGCG as an alternative therapeutic choice for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bimonte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Cira Antonietta Forte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cuomo
- S.C. Project Management e Formazione, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Esposito
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Cuomo
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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13
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Caliskan UK, Karakus MM. Evaluation of botanicals as potential COVID-19 symptoms terminator. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6551-6571. [PMID: 34754152 PMCID: PMC8554406 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Information about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still evolving since its appearance in December 2019 and has affected the whole world. Particularly, a search for an effective and safe treatment for COVID-19 continues. Botanical mixtures contain secondary metabolites (such as flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, essential oils etc.) with many therapeutic effects. In this study, the use of herbal treatments against COVID-19 was evaluated. Medical synthetic drugs focus mainly on respiratory symptoms, however herbal therapy with plant extracts may be useful to relieve overall symptoms of COVID-19 due to the variety of bioactive ingredients. Since COVID-19 is a virus that affects the respiratory tract, the antiviral effects of botanicals/plants against respiratory viruses have been examined through clinical studies. Data about COVID-19 patients revealed that the virus not only affects the respiratory system but different organs including the gastrointestinal (GI) system. As GI symptoms seriously affect quality of life, herbal options that might eliminate these problems were also evaluated. Finally, computer modeling studies of plants and their active compounds on COVID-19 were included. In summary, herbal therapies were identified as potential options for both antiviral effects and control of COVID-19 symptoms. Further data will be needed to enlighten all aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis, before determining the effects of plants on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Koca Caliskan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Methiye Mancak Karakus
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey
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14
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Zhao Z, Feng M, Wan J, Zheng X, Teng C, Xie X, Pan W, Hu B, Huang J, Liu Z, Wu J, Cai S. Research progress of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on anti-pathogenic microbes and immune regulation activities. Food Funct 2021; 12:9607-9619. [PMID: 34549212 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
At the end of 2019, the COVID-19 virus spread worldwide, infecting millions of people. Infectious diseases induced by pathogenic microorganisms such as the influenza virus, hepatitis virus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also a major threat to public health. The high mortality caused by infectious pathogenic microorganisms is due to their strong virulence, which leads to the excessive counterattack by the host immune system and severe inflammatory damage of the immune system. This paper reviews the efficacy, mechanism and related immune regulation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as an anti-pathogenic microorganism drug. EGCG mainly shows both direct and indirect anti-infection effects. EGCG directly inhibits early infection by interfering with the adsorption on host cells, inhibiting virus replication and reducing bacterial biofilm formation and toxin release; EGCG indirectly inhibits infection by regulating immune inflammation and antioxidation. At the same time, we reviewed the bioavailability and safety of EGCG in vivo. At present, the bioavailability of EGCG can be improved to some extent using nanostructured drug delivery systems and molecular modification technology in combination with other drugs. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of EGCG as an adjuvant drug for anti-pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Zhao
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Meiyan Feng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Juan Wan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cuiqin Teng
- Wuzhou Institute of Agricultural, Wuzhou 543003, China
| | - Xinya Xie
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Baozhu Hu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Wuzhou Institute of Agricultural, Wuzhou 543003, China
| | - Shuxian Cai
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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15
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Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of C-7 and C-8 Luteolin Derivatives as Influenza Endonuclease Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147735. [PMID: 34299354 PMCID: PMC8305651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The part of the influenza polymerase PA subunit featuring endonuclease activity is a target for anti-influenza therapies, including the FDA-approved drug Xofluza. A general feature of endonuclease inhibitors is their ability to chelate Mg2+ or Mn2+ ions located in the enzyme’s catalytic site. Previously, we screened a panel of flavonoids for PA inhibition and found luteolin and its C-glucoside orientin to be potent inhibitors. Through structural analysis, we identified the presence of a 3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl moiety as a crucial feature for sub-micromolar inhibitory activity. Here, we report results from a subsequent investigation exploring structural changes at the C-7 and C-8 positions of luteolin. Experimental IC50 values were determined by AlphaScreen technology. The most potent inhibitors were C-8 derivatives with inhibitory potencies comparable to that of luteolin. Bio-isosteric replacement of the C-7 hydroxyl moiety of luteolin led to a series of compounds with one-order-of-magnitude-lower inhibitory potencies. Using X-ray crystallography, we solved structures of the wild-type PA-N-terminal domain and its I38T mutant in complex with orientin at 1.9 Å and 2.2 Å resolution, respectively.
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16
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Hatakeyama D, Shoji M, Ogata S, Masuda T, Nakano M, Komatsu T, Saitoh A, Makiyama K, Tsuneishi H, Miyatake A, Takahira M, Nishikawa E, Ohkubo A, Noda T, Kawaoka Y, Ohtsuki S, Kuzuhara T. Acetylation of the influenza A virus polymerase subunit PA in the N-terminal domain positively regulates its endonuclease activity. FEBS J 2021; 289:231-245. [PMID: 34270849 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational acetylation of lysine residues is found in many nonhistone proteins and is involved in a wide range of biological processes. Recently, we showed that the nucleoprotein of the influenza A virus is acetylated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs), a phenomenon that affects viral transcription. Here, we report that the PA subunit of influenza A virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is acetylated by the HATs, P300/CREB-binding protein-associated factor (PCAF), and general control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5), resulting in accelerated endonuclease activity. Specifically, the full-length PA subunit expressed in cultured 293T cells was found to be strongly acetylated. Moreover, the partial recombinant protein of the PA N-terminal region containing the endonuclease domain was also acetylated by PCAF and GCN5 in vitro, which facilitated its endonuclease activity. Mass spectrometry analyses identified K19 as a candidate acetylation target in the PA N-terminal region. Notably, the substitution of the lysine residue at position 19 with glutamine, a mimic of the acetyl-lysine residue, enhanced its endonuclease activity in vitro; this point mutation also accelerated influenza A virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in the cell. Our findings suggest that PA acetylation is important for the regulation of the endonuclease and RNA polymerase activities of the influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Seiryo Ogata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Tsugunori Komatsu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Ayaka Saitoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Kyoko Makiyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Hazuki Tsuneishi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Asuka Miyatake
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Mizuki Takahira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Erina Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Ayana Ohkubo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
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17
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Rawangkan A, Kengkla K, Kanchanasurakit S, Duangjai A, Saokaew S. Anti-Influenza with Green Tea Catechins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134014. [PMID: 34209247 PMCID: PMC8272076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is one of the most serious respiratory viral infections worldwide. Although several studies have reported that green tea catechins (GTCs) might prevent influenza virus infection, this remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of eight studies with 5048 participants that examined the effect of GTC administration on influenza prevention. In a random-effects meta-analysis of five RCTs, 884 participants treated with GTCs showed statistically significant effects on the prevention of influenza infection compared to the control group (risk ratio (RR) 0.67, 95% CIs 0.51–0.89, p = 0.005) without evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.629). Similarly, in three cohort studies with 2223 participants treated with GTCs, there were also statistically significant effects (RR 0.52, 95% CIs 0.35–0.77, p = 0.001) with very low evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 3%, p = 0.358). Additionally, the overall effect in the subgroup analysis of gargling and orally ingested items (taking capsules and drinking) showed a pooled RR of 0.62 (95% CIs 0.49–0.77, p = 0.003) without heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.554). There were no obvious publication biases (Egger’s test (p = 0.138) and Begg’s test (p = 0.103)). Our analysis suggests that green tea consumption is effective in the prophylaxis of influenza infections. To confirm the findings before implementation, longitudinal clinical trials with specific doses of green tea consumption are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Rawangkan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (A.R.); (A.D.)
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Kirati Kengkla
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.K.); (S.K.)
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Sukrit Kanchanasurakit
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.K.); (S.K.)
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care, Department of Pharmacy, Phrae Hospital, Phrae 54000, Thailand
| | - Acharaporn Duangjai
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (A.R.); (A.D.)
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.K.); (S.K.)
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care, Department of Pharmacy, Phrae Hospital, Phrae 54000, Thailand
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66 (0)5446 6666; Fax: +66 (0)5446 6661
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18
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Wang YQ, Li QS, Zheng XQ, Lu JL, Liang YR. Antiviral Effects of Green Tea EGCG and Its Potential Application against COVID-19. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133962. [PMID: 34209485 PMCID: PMC8271719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(–)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant component of catechins in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), plays a role against viruses through inhibiting virus invasiveness, restraining gene expression and replication. In this paper, the antiviral effects of EGCG on various viruses, including DNA virus, RNA virus, coronavirus, enterovirus and arbovirus, were reviewed. Meanwhile, the antiviral effects of the EGCG epi-isomer counterpart (+)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate (GCG) were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-Q.W.); (X.-Q.Z.)
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-Q.W.); (X.-Q.Z.)
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-Q.W.); (X.-Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.-L.L.); (Y.-R.L.)
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-Q.W.); (X.-Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.-L.L.); (Y.-R.L.)
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19
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Ghidoli M, Colombo F, Sangiorgio S, Landoni M, Giupponi L, Nielsen E, Pilu R. Food Containing Bioactive Flavonoids and Other Phenolic or Sulfur Phytochemicals With Antiviral Effect: Can We Design a Promising Diet Against COVID-19? Front Nutr 2021; 8:661331. [PMID: 34222300 PMCID: PMC8247467 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.661331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since in late 2019, when the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started to spread all over the world, causing the awful global pandemic we are still experiencing, an impressive number of biologists, infectious disease scientists, virologists, pharmacologists, molecular biologists, immunologists, and other researchers working in laboratories of all the advanced countries focused their research on the setting up of biotechnological tools, namely vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, as well as of rational design of drugs for therapeutic approaches. While vaccines have been quickly obtained, no satisfactory anti-Covid-19 preventive, or therapeutic approach has so far been discovered and approved. However, among the possible ways to achieve the goal of COVID-19 prevention or mitigation, there is one route, i.e., the diet, which until now has had little consideration. In fact, in the edible parts of plants supplying our food, there are a fair number of secondary metabolites mainly belonging to the large class of the flavonoids, endowed with antiviral or other health beneficial activities such as immunostimulating or anti-inflammatory action that could play a role in contributing to some extent to prevent or alleviate the viral infection and/or counteract the development of SARS induced by the novel coronavirus. In this review, a number of bioactive phytochemicals, in particular flavonoids, proven to be capable of providing some degree of protection against COVID-19, are browsed, illustrating their beneficial properties and mechanisms of action as well as their distribution in cultivated plant species which supply food for the human diet. Furthermore, room is also given to information regarding the amount in food, the resistance to cooking processes and, as a very important feature, the degree of bioavailability of these compounds. Concluding, remarks and perspectives for future studies aimed at increasing and improving knowledge and the possibility of using this natural complementary therapy to counteract COVID-19 and other viral pathologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ghidoli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Sangiorgio
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Landoni
- Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas – CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Edolo, Italy
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas – CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Edolo, Italy
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20
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Rai PK, Mueed Z, Chowdhury A, Deval R, Kumar D, Kamal MA, Negi YS, Pareek S, Poddar NK. Current Overviews on COVID-19 Management Strategies. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:361-387. [PMID: 33966618 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210509022313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has hit the world lately and caused acute respiratory syndrome in humans. The causative agent of the disease was soon brought to focus by scientists as SARS-CoV-2 and later called a novel coronavirus by the general public. Due to the severity and rapid spread of the disease, WHO classifies the COVID-19 pandemic as the 6th public health emergency even after taking efforts like worldwide quarantine and restrictions. Since only symptomatic treatment is available, the best way to control the spread of the virus is by taking preventive measures. Various types of antigen/antibody detection kits and diagnostic methods are available for the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. In recent years, various phytochemicals and repurposing drugs are showing a broad range of anti-viral activities with different modes of action have been identified. Repurposing drugs such as arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir, favipiravir, remdesivir, hexamethylene amiloride, and dexamethasone, tocilizumab, interferon-β, neutralizing antibodies exhibit in vitro anti-coronaviral properties by inhibiting multiple processes in the virus life cycle. Various research groups are involved in drug trials and vaccine development. Plant-based anti-viral compounds such as baicalin, calanolides, curcumin, oxymatrine, matrine, and resveratrol exhibit different modes of action against a wide range of positive/negative sense-RNA/DNA virus, and future researches need to be conducted to ascertain their role, use in managing SARS-CoV-2. Thus, this article is an attempt to review the current understanding of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease and summarize its clinical features with their prospective control and various aspects of the therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zeba Mueed
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhiroop Chowdhury
- School of Environment & Sustainability, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Ravi Deval
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan. China
| | - Yogeshwar Singh Negi
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, DehmiKalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur-303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shubhra Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, DehmiKalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur-303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, DehmiKalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur-303007, Rajasthan, India
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21
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Musarra-Pizzo M, Pennisi R, Ben-Amor I, Mandalari G, Sciortino MT. Antiviral Activity Exerted by Natural Products against Human Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050828. [PMID: 34064347 PMCID: PMC8147851 DOI: 10.3390/v13050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are responsible for several chronic and acute diseases in both humans and animals. Despite the incredible progress in human medicine, several viral diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, respiratory syndromes, and hepatitis, are still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in humans. Natural products from plants or other organisms are a rich source of structurally novel chemical compounds including antivirals. Indeed, in traditional medicine, many pathological conditions have been treated using plant-derived medicines. Thus, the identification of novel alternative antiviral agents is of critical importance. In this review, we summarize novel phytochemicals with antiviral activity against human viruses and their potential application in treating or preventing viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Musarra-Pizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 1301 Guanguang Rd. 3F Building 1-B, Silver Star Hi-Tech Park Longhua District, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Ichrak Ben-Amor
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Unit of Biotechnology and Pathologies, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.T.S.); Tel.: +39-090-6767-5217 (G.M. & M.T.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.T.S.); Tel.: +39-090-6767-5217 (G.M. & M.T.S.)
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Khanna K, Kohli SK, Kaur R, Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj V, Ohri P, Sharma A, Ahmad A, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P. Herbal immune-boosters: Substantial warriors of pandemic Covid-19 battle. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153361. [PMID: 33485605 PMCID: PMC7532351 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Current scenario depicts that world has been clenched by COVID-19 pandemic. Inevitably, public health and safety measures could be undertaken in order to dwindle the infection threat and mortality. Moreover, to overcome the global menace and drawing out world from moribund stage, there is an exigency for social distancing and quarantines. Since December, 2019, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have came into existence and up till now world is still in the state of shock.At this point of time, COVID-19 has entered perilous phase, creating havoc among individuals, and this has been directly implied due to enhanced globalisation and ability of the virus to acclimatize at all conditions. The unabated transmission is due to lack of drugs, vaccines and therapeutics against this viral outbreak. But research is still underway to formulate the vaccines or drugs by this means, as scientific communities are continuously working to unravel the pharmacologically active compounds that might offer a new insight for curbing infections and pandemics. Therefore, the topical COVID-19 situation highlights an immediate need for effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Towards this effort, the present review discusses the vital concepts related to COVID-19, in terms of its origin, transmission, clinical aspects and diagnosis. However, here, we have formulated the novel concept hitherto, ancient means of traditional medicines or herbal plants to beat this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Plant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Ravdeep Kaur
- Plant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- Plant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Gogoi B, Chowdhury P, Goswami N, Gogoi N, Naiya T, Chetia P, Mahanta S, Chetia D, Tanti B, Borah P, Handique PJ. Identification of potential plant-based inhibitor against viral proteases of SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking, MM-PBSA binding energy calculations and molecular dynamics simulation. Mol Divers 2021; 25:1963-1977. [PMID: 33856591 PMCID: PMC8047602 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has recently emerged as a pandemic. Here, an attempt has been made through in-silico high throughput screening to explore the antiviral compounds from traditionally used plants for antiviral treatments in India namely, Tea, Neem and Turmeric, as potential inhibitors of two widely studied viral proteases, main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) of the SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking study using BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2018 revealed, (−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (ECG), a tea polyphenol has a binding affinity toward both the selected receptors, with the lowest CDocker energy − 46.22 kcal mol−1 for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and CDocker energy − 44.72 kcal mol−1 for SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, respectively. The SARS-CoV-2 Mpro complexed with (−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, which had shown the best binding affinity was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations to validate its binding affinity, during which, the root-mean-square-deviation values of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro–Co-crystal ligand (N3) and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro- (−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate systems were found to be more stable than SARS-CoV-2 Mpro system. Further, (−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate was subjected to QSAR analysis which predicted IC50 of 0.3281 nM against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Overall, (−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate showed a potential binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and could be proposed as a potential natural compound for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskarjyoti Gogoi
- Department of Biotechnology, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Purvita Chowdhury
- Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit, Tripura, 799035, India
| | - Nabajyoti Goswami
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781025, India
| | - Neelutpal Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, India
| | - Tufan Naiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, 700064, India
| | - Pankaj Chetia
- Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati, Assam, 781008, India.
| | - Dipak Chetia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, India
| | - Bhaben Tanti
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Probodh Borah
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781025, India
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24
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Park J, Park R, Jang M, Park YI. Therapeutic Potential of EGCG, a Green Tea Polyphenol, for Treatment of Coronavirus Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:197. [PMID: 33806274 PMCID: PMC8002208 DOI: 10.3390/life11030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major catechin found in green tea, and there is mounting evidence that EGCG is potentially useful for the treatment of coronavirus diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Coronaviruses encode polyproteins that are cleaved by 3CL protease (the main protease) for maturation. Therefore, 3CL protease is regarded as the main target of antivirals against coronaviruses. EGCG is a major constituent of brewed green tea, and several studies have reported that EGCG inhibits the enzymatic activity of the coronavirus 3CL protease. Moreover, EGCG has been reported to regulate other potential targets, such as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the viral spike protein. Finally, recent studies have demonstrated that EGCG treatment interferes with the replication of coronavirus. In addition, the bioavailability of EGCG and future research prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (R.P.); (M.J.); (Y.-I.P.)
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25
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Hurst BL, Dickinson D, Hsu S. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Primate Epithelial Cells: (A Short Communication). MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES (WILMINGTON, DEL.) 2021; 5. [PMID: 35291211 DOI: 10.33425/2639-9458.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, caused >26 million cases in the United States and >437,000 deaths as of Jan 30, 2020. Worldwide by that date, there had been 102 million cases of infections, and deaths had climbed to 2.21 million. Mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2 that have emerged from the United Kingdom, Brazil, and South Africa are associated with higher transmission rates and associated deaths. Therefore, novel therapeutic and prophylactic methods against SARS-CoV-2 are in urgent need. While some antiviral drugs, such as Remdesivir, provide relief to certain patient populations, other existing antiviral drugs or combinations of FDA approved pharmaceuticals have yet to show clinical efficacy against COVID-19. Compounds that possess strong and broad antiviral properties with different mechanisms of action against respiratory viruses may provide novel approaches to combat SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, especially if the compounds are classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). A large body of evidence indicates a promising potential for the use of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its derivatives as effective agents against infections from a wide range of pathogenic viruses. However, EGCG or its derivatives have not been tested directly against SARS-CoV-2. The current study was designed to evaluate the potential antiviral activity of EGCG against SARS-CoV-2 infection in primate epithelial cells. Methods applied in the study include cytopathic effect (CPE) assay and virus yield reduction (VYR) assays using Vero 76 (green monkey epithelial cells) and Caco-2 (human epithelial cells) cell lines, respectively. The results demonstrated that EGCG at 0.27 μg/ml (0.59 μM) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero 76 cells by 50% (i.e., EC50=0.27 μg/ml). EGCG also inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Caco-2 cells with EC90=28 μg/ml (61 μM). These results, to the best of our knowledge, are the first observations on the antiviral activities of EGCG against SARS-CoV-2, and suggest that EGCG and its derivatives could be used to combat COVID-19 and other respiratory viral infection-induced illness, pending in vivo and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett L Hurst
- Institute of Antiviral Research, Utah State University. Logan, UT. USA
| | | | - Stephen Hsu
- Camellix Research Laboratory, Augusta, GA. USA.,Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA. USA
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26
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Zima V, Radilová K, Kožíšek M, Albiñana CB, Karlukova E, Brynda J, Fanfrlík J, Flieger M, Hodek J, Weber J, Majer P, Konvalinka J, Machara A. Unraveling the anti-influenza effect of flavonoids: Experimental validation of luteolin and its congeners as potent influenza endonuclease inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112754. [PMID: 32883638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of flavonoids on mammal cells are diverse, ranging from scavenging free radicals and anti-cancer activity to anti-influenza activity. Despite appreciable effort to understand the anti-influenza activity of flavonoids, there is no clear consensus about their precise mode-of-action at a cellular level. Here, we report the development and validation of a screening assay based on AlphaScreen technology and illustrate its application for determination of the inhibitory potency of a large set of polyols against PA N-terminal domain (PA-Nter) of influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase featuring endonuclease activity. The most potent inhibitors we identified were luteolin with an IC50 of 72 ± 2 nM and its 8-C-glucoside orientin with an IC50 of 43 ± 2 nM. Submicromolar inhibitors were also evaluated by an in vitro endonuclease activity assay using single-stranded DNA, and the results were in full agreement with data from the competitive AlphaScreen assay. Using X-ray crystallography, we analyzed structures of the PA-Nter in complex with luteolin at 2.0 Å resolution and quambalarine B at 2.5 Å resolution, which clearly revealed the binding pose of these polyols coordinated to two manganese ions in the endonuclease active site. Using two distinct assays along with the structural work, we have presumably identified and characterized the molecular mode-of-action of flavonoids in influenza-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Zima
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Radilová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1660, 121 08, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kožíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Carlos Berenguer Albiñana
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Karlukova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 140 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Flieger
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 140 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Machara
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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27
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Singh S, Sk MF, Sonawane A, Kar P, Sadhukhan S. Plant-derived natural polyphenols as potential antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibition: an in-silico analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6249-6264. [PMID: 32720577 PMCID: PMC7441777 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1796810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The sudden outburst of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a massive threat to global public health. Currently, no therapeutic drug or vaccine exists to treat COVID-19. Due to the time taking process of new drug development, drug repurposing might be the only viable solution to tackle COVID-19. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) catalyzes SARS-CoV-2 RNA replication and hence, is an obvious target for antiviral drug design. Interestingly, several plant-derived polyphenols effectively inhibit the RdRp of other RNA viruses. More importantly, polyphenols have been used as dietary supplementations for a long time and played beneficial roles in immune homeostasis. We were curious to study the binding of polyphenols with SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and assess their potential to treat COVID-19. Herein, we made a library of polyphenols that have shown substantial therapeutic effects against various diseases. They were successfully docked in the catalytic pocket of RdRp. The investigation reveals that EGCG, theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3'-O-gallate (TF2a), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2b), theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (TF3), hesperidin, quercetagetin, and myricetin strongly bind to the active site of RdRp. Further, a 150-ns molecular dynamic simulation revealed that EGCG, TF2a, TF2b, TF3 result in highly stable bound conformations with RdRp. The binding free energy components calculated by the MM-PBSA also confirm the stability of the complexes. We also performed a detailed analysis of ADME prediction, toxicity prediction, and target analysis for their druggability. Overall, our results suggest that EGCG, TF2a, TF2b, TF3 can inhibit RdRp and represent an effective therapy for COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Singh
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Md Fulbabu Sk
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, India
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28
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Chen KK, Minakuchi M, Wuputra K, Ku CC, Pan JB, Kuo KK, Lin YC, Saito S, Lin CS, Yokoyama KK. Redox control in the pathophysiology of influenza virus infection. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:214. [PMID: 32689931 PMCID: PMC7370268 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggered in response to external and internal ligands in cells and animals, redox homeostasis is transmitted via signal molecules involved in defense redox mechanisms through networks of cell proliferation, differentiation, intracellular detoxification, bacterial infection, and immune reactions. Cellular oxidation is not necessarily harmful per se, but its effects depend on the balance between the peroxidation and antioxidation cascades, which can vary according to the stimulus and serve to maintain oxygen homeostasis. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during influenza virus (IV) infection have critical effects on both the virus and host cells. In this review, we outline the link between viral infection and redox control using IV infection as an example. We discuss the current state of knowledge on the molecular relationship between cellular oxidation mediated by ROS accumulation and the diversity of IV infection. We also summarize the potential anti-IV agents available currently that act by targeting redox biology/pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker-Kong Chen
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Densitory, Kaohisung University Hospital, Kaohisung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Moeko Minakuchi
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Department Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shigeo Saito
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
- Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology Institute, Yalta, Tochigi, 329-1471, Japan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807, Taiwan.
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Muchtaridi M, Sugijanto M, Mohd Gazzali A, Wahab HA. Anti-Neuraminidase Bioactives from Manggis Hutan ( Garcinia celebica L.) Leaves: Partial Purification and Molecular Characterization. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040821. [PMID: 32070030 PMCID: PMC7070733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuraminidase enzyme (NA) from the influenza virus is responsible for the proliferation and infections of the virus progeny, prompting several efforts to discover and optimize effective neuraminidase inhibitors. The main aim of this study is to discover a new potential neuraminidase inhibitor that comes from Garcinia celebica leaves (GCL). The bioassay-guided isolation method was performed to obtain lead compounds. The binding interaction of the isolated compounds was predicted by using molecular docking studies. Friedeline (GC1, logP > 5.0), two lanastone derivatives (methyl-3α,23-dihydroxy-17,14-friedolanstan-8,14,24-trien-26-oat (GC2) and 24E-3a,9,23-trihydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-14,24-dien-26-oate (GC3) with LogP > 5.0) and catechin (GC4, LogP = 1.4) were identified. The inhibitory potency of these four compounds on NA from C. perfringens and H1N1 was found to be as follows: GC4 > GC2 > GC3 > GC1. All compounds exhibited higher inhibitory activity towards C. perfringens NA compared to H1N1 NA. From the molecular docking results, GC4 favorably docked and interacted with Arg118, Arg371, Arg292, Glu276 and Trp178 residues, whilst GC2 interacted with Arg118, Arg371, Arg292, Ile222, Arg224 and Ser246. GC3 interacted with Tyr406 only. GC4 had potent NA inhibition with free energy of binding of −12 kcal/mol. In the enzyme inhibition study, GC4 showed the highest activity with an IC50 of 60.3 µM and 91.0 µM for C. perfringens NA and H1N1 NA—respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl Raya 21.5 Bandung-Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (H.A.W.); Tel.: +62-22-8784288888 (ext. 3210) (M.M.); +60-4-6532238 (H.A.W.)
| | - Milyadi Sugijanto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl Raya 21.5 Bandung-Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, P Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, P Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
- Pharmaceutical Design and Simulation Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, P Pinang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (H.A.W.); Tel.: +62-22-8784288888 (ext. 3210) (M.M.); +60-4-6532238 (H.A.W.)
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30
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Liao Y, Ye Y, Li S, Zhuang Y, Chen L, Chen J, Cui Z, Huo L, Liu S, Song G. Synthesis and SARs of dopamine derivatives as potential inhibitors of influenza virus PA N endonuclease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112048. [PMID: 31954881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, influenza PAN endonuclease has become an attractive target for development of new drugs to treat influenza infections. Herein we report the discovery of new PAN endonuclease inhibitors derived from a chelating agent dopamine moiety. A series of dopamine amide derivatives and their conformationally constrained 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol-based analogs were elaborated and assayed against influenza virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1). Most compounds exhibited moderate to excellent antiviral activities, generating a preliminary SARs. Among them, compounds 14 and 19 showed stronger anti-IAV activity compared with the reference Peramivir. Moreover, 14 and 19 demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of PAN endonuclease based on both FRET assay and SPR assay. Docking studies were also performed to elucidate the binding mode of 14 and 19 with the PAN protein and to identify amino acids involved in their mechanism of action, which were well consistent with the biological data. This finding was beneficial to laying the foundation for the rational development of more effective PAN endonuclease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Liao
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yilu Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yilian Zhuang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liye Chen
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zining Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lijian Huo
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Gaopeng Song
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Abstract
Phytotherapy, or herbalism, is defined as the usage of plants or herbs as medication to treat or prevent diseases in human and animals. The usage is gaining more attention among medical practitioners as well as large-scale livestock producers. A number of reports have shown the positive effects of herbal extracts as an antiviral agent used in animal feed or as a prophylaxis and remedy. Besides being a cheaper and safer alternative, the use of herbs may reduce the incidence of drug resistance and may modulate the immune system in preventing viral-related diseases. In this chapter, the antiviral effects of several herbs and their extracts against viruses in terms of the mechanism of action in targeting viral replication steps, the effects in the host and the application in animals will be discussed. The information given may aid in improving the health and increase the production of animals.
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He Y, Liu Y, Sun Z, Han F, Tang JZ, Gao R, Wang G. The proper strategy to compress and protect plasmid DNA in the Pluronic L64-electropulse system for enhanced intramuscular gene delivery. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:289-298. [PMID: 31616566 PMCID: PMC6783702 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rby028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular expression of functional proteins is a promising strategy for therapeutic purposes. Previously, we developed an intramuscular gene delivery method by combining Pluronic L64 and optimized electropulse, which is among the most efficient methods to date. However, plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) in this method were not compressed, making them unstable and inefficient in vivo. We considered that a proper compression of pDNAs by an appropriate material should facilitate gene expression in this L64-electropulse system. Here, we reported our finding of such a material, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural compound in green teas, which could compress and protect pDNAs and significantly increase intramuscular gene expression in the L64-electropulse system. Meanwhile, we found that polyethylenimine (PEI) could also slightly improve exogenous gene expression in the optimal procedure. By analysing the characteristic differences between EGCG and PEI, we concluded that negatively charged materials with strong affinity to nucleic acids and/or other properties suitable for gene delivery, such as EGCG, are better alternatives than cationic materials (like PEI) for muscle-based gene delivery. The results revealed that a critical principle for material/pDNA complex benefitting intramuscular gene delivery/expression is to keep the complex negatively charged. This proof-of-concept study displays the breakthrough in compressing pDNAs and provides a principle and strategy to develop more efficient intramuscular gene delivery systems for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
| | - Yili Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
| | - Fei Han
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
| | - James Zhenggui Tang
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Pharmacy, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Rong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
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Sagong HY, Bauman JD, Nogales A, Martínez-Sobrido L, Arnold E, LaVoie EJ. Aryl and Arylalkyl Substituted 3-Hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-ones: Synthesis and Evaluation as Inhibitors of Influenza A Endonuclease. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1204-1223. [PMID: 30983160 PMCID: PMC6581572 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza infections are associated with an estimated 250-500 000 deaths annually. Resistance to the antiviral M2 ion-channel inhibitors has largely invalidated their clinical utility. Resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors has also been observed in several influenza A virus (IAV) strains. These data have prompted research on inhibitors that target the cap-snatching endonuclease activity of the polymerase acidic protein (PA). Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza®), recently approved for clinical use, inhibits cap-snatching endonuclease. Resistance to Xofluza® has been reported in both in vitro systems and in the clinic. An X-ray crystallographic screening campaign of a fragment library targeting IAV endonuclease identified 5-chloro-3-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-one as a bimetal chelating agent at the active site. We have reported the structure-activity relationships for 3-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-ones and 3-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones as endonuclease inhibitors. These studies identified two distinct binding modes associated with inhibition of this enzyme that are influenced by the presence of substituents at the 5- and 6-positions of 3-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-ones. Herein we report the structure-activity relationships associated with various para-substituted 5-phenyl derivatives of 6-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-ones and the effect of using naphthyl, benzyl, and naphthylmethyl groups as alternatives to the p-fluorophenyl substituent on their activity as endonuclease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yeon Sagong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Joseph D Bauman
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-5627, USA
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Eddy Arnold
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-5627, USA
| | - Edmond J LaVoie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
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Chen AY, Adamek RN, Dick BL, Credille CV, Morrison CN, Cohen SM. Targeting Metalloenzymes for Therapeutic Intervention. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1323-1455. [PMID: 30192523 PMCID: PMC6405328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are central to a wide range of essential biological activities, including nucleic acid modification, protein degradation, and many others. The role of metalloenzymes in these processes also makes them central for the progression of many diseases and, as such, makes metalloenzymes attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Increasing awareness of the role metalloenzymes play in disease and their importance as a class of targets has amplified interest in the development of new strategies to develop inhibitors and ultimately useful drugs. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of several drug discovery efforts focused on metalloenzymes and attempt to map out the current landscape of high-value metalloenzyme targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Rebecca N Adamek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Benjamin L Dick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Cy V Credille
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Christine N Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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35
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Saez-Ayala M, Laban Yekwa E, Mondielli C, Roux L, Hernández S, Bailly F, Cotelle P, Rogolino D, Canard B, Ferron F, Alvarez K. Metal chelators for the inhibition of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus endonuclease domain. Antiviral Res 2018; 162:79-89. [PMID: 30557576 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arenaviridae is a viral family whose members are associated with rodent-transmitted infections to humans responsible of severe diseases. The current lack of a vaccine and limited therapeutic options make the development of efficacious drugs of high priority. The cap-snatching mechanism of transcription of Arenavirus performed by the endonuclease domain of the L-protein is unique and essential, so we developed a drug design program targeting the endonuclease activity of the prototypic Lymphocytic ChorioMeningitis Virus. Since the endonuclease activity is metal ion dependent, we designed a library of compounds bearing chelating motifs (diketo acids, polyphenols, and N-hydroxyisoquinoline-1,3-diones) able to block the catalytic center through the chelation of the critical metal ions, resulting in a functional impairment. We pre-screened 59 compounds by Differential Scanning Fluorimetry. Then, we characterized the binding affinity by Microscale Thermophoresis and evaluated selected compounds in in vitro and in cellula assays. We found several potent binders and inhibitors of the endonuclease activity. This study validates the proof of concept that the endonuclease domain of Arenavirus can be used as a target for anti-arena-viral drug discovery and that both diketo acids and N-hydroxyisoquinoline-1,3-diones can be considered further as potential metal-chelating pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Saez-Ayala
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, CRCM, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, 13273, Marseille, France
| | - Elsie Laban Yekwa
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France; Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Clémence Mondielli
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Loic Roux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France; Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Sergio Hernández
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bailly
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Cotelle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France; ENSCL, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Dominga Rogolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, P.co Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Bruno Canard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - François Ferron
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Alvarez
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France.
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Kaihatsu K, Yamabe M, Ebara Y. Antiviral Mechanism of Action of Epigallocatechin-3- O-gallate and Its Fatty Acid Esters. Molecules 2018; 23:E2475. [PMID: 30262731 PMCID: PMC6222519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) is the major catechin component of green tea (Cameria sinensis), and is known to possess antiviral activities against a wide range of DNA viruses and RNA viruses. However, few studies have examined chemical modifications of EGCG in terms of enhanced antiviral efficacy. This paper discusses which steps of virus infection EGCG interferes with, citing previous reports. EGCG appears most likely to inhibits the early stage of infections, such as attachment, entry, and membrane fusion, by interfering with viral membrane proteins. According to the relationships between structure and antiviral activity of catechin derivatives, the 3-galloyl and 5'-OH group of catechin derivatives appear critical to antiviral activities. Enhancing the binding affinity of EGCG to virus particles would thus be important to increase virucidal activity. We propose a newly developed EGCG-fatty acid derivative in which the fatty acid on the phenolic hydroxyl group would be expected to increase viral and cellular membrane permeability. EGCG-fatty acid monoesters showed improved antiviral activities against different types of viruses, probably due to their increased affinity for virus and cellular membranes. Our study promotes the application of EGCG-fatty acid derivatives for the prevention and treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Kaihatsu
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Yamabe
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Ebara
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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37
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Furushima D, Ide K, Yamada H. Effect of Tea Catechins on Influenza Infection and the Common Cold with a Focus on Epidemiological/Clinical Studies. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071795. [PMID: 30037024 PMCID: PMC6100025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza and the common cold are acute infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. Influenza is a severe disease that is highly infectious and can progress to life-threating diseases such as pneumonia or encephalitis when aggravated. Due to the fact that influenza infections and common colds spread easily via droplets and contact, public prevention measures, such as hand washing and facial masks, are recommended for influenza prophylaxis. Experimental studies have reported that tea catechins inhibited influenza viral adsorption and suppressed replication and neuraminidase activity. They were also effective against some cold viruses. In addition, tea catechins enhance immunity against viral infection. Although the antiviral activity of tea catechins has been demonstrated, the clinical evidence to support their utility remains inconclusive. Since the late 1990s, several epidemiological studies have suggested that the regular consumption of green tea decreases influenza infection rates and some cold symptoms, and that gargling with tea catechin may protect against the development of influenza infection. This review briefly summarizes the effect of tea catechins on influenza infection and the common cold with a focus on epidemiological/clinical studies, and clarifies the need for further studies to confirm their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Furushima
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8002, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Ide
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8002, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
- Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8002, Japan.
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38
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Ferreira PG, Ferraz AC, Figueiredo JE, Lima CF, Rodrigues VG, Taranto AG, Ferreira JMS, Brandão GC, Vieira-Filho SA, Duarte LP, de Brito Magalhães CL, de Magalhães JC. Detection of the antiviral activity of epicatechin isolated from Salacia crassifolia (Celastraceae) against Mayaro virus based on protein C homology modelling and virtual screening. Arch Virol 2018; 163:1567-1576. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Zhou Z, Liu T, Zhang J, Zhan P, Liu X. Influenza A virus polymerase: an attractive target for next-generation anti-influenza therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:503-518. [PMID: 29339107 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) is conserved among different types of influenza virus, playing an important part in transcription and replication. In this regard, influenza RdRP is an attractive target for novel anti-influenza drug discovery. Herein, we will introduce the structural and functional information of influenza polymerase; and an overview of inhibitors targeting the PA endonuclease and PB2 cap-binding site is provided, along with the approaches utilized for identification of these inhibitors. The protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of the three polymerase subunits: PA, PB1 and PB2, are described based on the published crystal structures, and inhibitors targeting the PA-PB1 interaction are introduced briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China.
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40
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Liu C, Bae KH, Yamashita A, Chung JE, Kurisawa M. Thiol-Mediated Synthesis of Hyaluronic Acid–Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate Conjugates for the Formation of Injectable Hydrogels with Free Radical Scavenging Property and Degradation Resistance. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3143-3155. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chixuan Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Ki Hyun Bae
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Joo Eun Chung
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Motoichi Kurisawa
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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41
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Carcelli M, Fisicaro E, Compari C, Contardi L, Rogolino D, Solinas C, Stevaert A, Naesens L. Metal-chelating properties and antiviral activity of some 2-hydroxyphenyl amides. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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42
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Amin SA, Adhikari N, Gayen S, Jha T. An integrated ligand-based modelling approach to explore the structure-property relationships of influenza endonuclease inhibitors. Struct Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-0933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Wu X, Wu X, Sun Q, Zhang C, Yang S, Li L, Jia Z. Progress of small molecular inhibitors in the development of anti-influenza virus agents. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:826-845. [PMID: 28382157 PMCID: PMC5381247 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza pandemic is a major threat to human health, and highly aggressive strains such as H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9 have emphasized the need for therapeutic strategies to combat these pathogens. Influenza anti-viral agents, especially active small molecular inhibitors play important roles in controlling pandemics while vaccines are developed. Currently, only a few drugs, which function as influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors and M2 ion channel protein inhibitors, are approved in clinical. However, the acquired resistance against current anti-influenza drugs and the emerging mutations of influenza virus itself remain the major challenging unmet medical needs for influenza treatment. It is highly desirable to identify novel anti-influenza agents. This paper reviews the progress of small molecular inhibitors act as antiviral agents, which include hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitors, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors, NA inhibitors and M2 ion channel protein inhibitors etc. Moreover, we also summarize new, recently reported potential targets and discuss strategies for the development of new anti-influenza virus drugs.
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44
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Ju H, Zhang J, Huang B, Kang D, Huang B, Liu X, Zhan P. Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Polymerase Acidic (PA) Endonuclease: Contemporary Developments and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3533-3551. [PMID: 28118010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus (IFV) causes periodic global influenza pandemics, resulting in substantial socioeconomic loss and burden on medical facilities. Yearly variation in the effectiveness of vaccines, slow responsiveness to vaccination in cases of pandemic IFV, and emerging resistance to available drugs highlight the need to develop additional small-molecular inhibitors that act on IFV proteins. One promising target is polymerase acidic (PA) endonuclease, which is a bridged dinuclear metalloenzyme that plays a crucial role in initiating IFV replication. During the past decade, intensive efforts have been made to develop small-molecular inhibitors of this endonuclease as candidate agents for treatment of IFV infection. Here, we review the current status of development of PA endonuclease inhibitors and we discuss the applicability of newer medicinal-chemistry strategies for the discovery more potent, selective, and safer inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Bing Huang
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 1, Jiaoxiao Road, 250023, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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45
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Hatakeyama D. Structural and Biochemical Analyses on the RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase of Influenza Virus for Development of Novel Anti-influenza Agents. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:205-214. [PMID: 28154333 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits, components of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of influenza A virus, and the nucleoprotein (NP) interact with the genomic RNA of influenza viruses and form ribonucleoproteins. Especially, the PB2 subunit binds to the host RNA cap [7-methylguanosine triphosphate (m7GTP)] and supports the endonuclease activity of PA to "snatch" the cap from host pre-mRNAs. In this study, we describe a novel Val/Arg/Gly (VRG) site in the PB2 cap-binding domain, which is necessary for interaction with acetyl-CoA found in eukaryotic histone acetyltransferases (HATs). In vitro experiments revealed that the recombinant PB2 cap-binding domain that includes the VRG site interacts with acetyl-CoA; moreover, it was found that this interaction could be blocked by CoA and various HAT inhibitors. Interestingly, m7GTP also inhibited this interaction, suggesting that the same active pocket is capable of interacting with acetyl-CoA and m7GTP. To elucidate the importance of the VRG site on PB2 function and viral replication, we constructed a PB2 recombinant protein and recombinant viruses including several patterns of amino acid mutations in the VRG site. Substitutions of 2 or 3 amino acid residues of the VRG site to alanine significantly reduced PB2's binding ability to acetyl-CoA and its RNA polymerase activity. Recombinant viruses containing the same mutations could not be replicated in cultured cells. These results indicate that the PB2 VRG sequence is a functional site that is essential for acetyl-CoA interaction, RNA polymerase activity, and viral replication. I will also discuss some novel functions of NP in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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Sokolova AS, Yarovaya ОI, Baev DS, Shernyukov АV, Shtro AA, Zarubaev VV, Salakhutdinov NF. Aliphatic and alicyclic camphor imines as effective inhibitors of influenza virus H1N1. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 127:661-670. [PMID: 27823881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of camphor derived imines was synthesised and evaluated in vitro for antiviral activity. Theoretical evaluations of ADME properties were also carried out. Most of these compounds exhibited significant activity against the drug-resistant strains of influenza A virus. Especially, compounds 2 (SI = 632) and 3 (SI = 417) presented high inhibition against influenza subtypes A/Puerto Rico/8/34 and A/California/07/09 of H1N1pdm09. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship showed that the activity was strongly dependent on the length of the aliphatic chain: derivatives with a shorter chain possessed higher activity, while the suppressing action of compounds with long aliphatic chains was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya S Sokolova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Оlga I Yarovaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Baev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Аndrey V Shernyukov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Shtro
- Department of Chemotherapy, Influenza Research Institute, 15/17 Prof. Popova St., 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Zarubaev
- Department of Chemotherapy, Influenza Research Institute, 15/17 Prof. Popova St., 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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47
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Jones JC, Marathe BM, Lerner C, Kreis L, Gasser R, Pascua PNQ, Najera I, Govorkova EA. A Novel Endonuclease Inhibitor Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Anti-Influenza Virus Activity In Vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:5504-14. [PMID: 27381402 PMCID: PMC4997863 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00888-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral drugs are important in preventing and controlling influenza, particularly when vaccines are ineffective or unavailable. A single class of antiviral drugs, the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), is recommended for treating influenza. The limited therapeutic options and the potential risk of antiviral resistance are driving the search for additional small-molecule inhibitors that act on influenza virus proteins. The acid polymerase (PA) of influenza viruses is a promising target for new antivirals because of its essential role in initiating virus transcription. Here, we characterized a novel compound, RO-7, identified as a putative PA endonuclease inhibitor. RO-7 was effective when added before the cessation of genome replication, reduced polymerase activity in cell-free systems, and decreased relative amounts of viral mRNA and genomic RNA during influenza virus infection. RO-7 specifically inhibited the ability of the PA endonuclease domain to cleave a nucleic acid substrate. RO-7 also inhibited influenza A viruses (seasonal and 2009 pandemic H1N1 and seasonal H3N2) and B viruses (Yamagata and Victoria lineages), zoonotic viruses (H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2), and NAI-resistant variants in plaque reduction, yield reduction, and cell viability assays in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells with nanomolar to submicromolar 50% effective concentrations (EC50s), low toxicity, and favorable selective indices. RO-7 also inhibited influenza virus replication in primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Overall, RO-7 exhibits broad-spectrum activity against influenza A and B viruses in multiple in vitro assays, supporting its further characterization and development as a potential antiviral agent for treating influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bindumadhav M Marathe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Noriel Q Pascua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Elena A Govorkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Stevaert A, Naesens L. The Influenza Virus Polymerase Complex: An Update on Its Structure, Functions, and Significance for Antiviral Drug Design. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:1127-1173. [PMID: 27569399 PMCID: PMC5108440 DOI: 10.1002/med.21401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and pandemic outbreaks associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and a huge cost. Since resistance to the existing anti‐influenza drugs is rising, innovative inhibitors with a different mode of action are urgently needed. The influenza polymerase complex is widely recognized as a key drug target, given its critical role in virus replication and high degree of conservation among influenza A (of human or zoonotic origin) and B viruses. We here review the major progress that has been made in recent years in unravelling the structure and functions of this protein complex, enabling structure‐aided drug design toward the core regions of the PA endonuclease, PB1 polymerase, or cap‐binding PB2 subunit. Alternatively, inhibitors may target a protein–protein interaction site, a cellular factor involved in viral RNA synthesis, the viral RNA itself, or the nucleoprotein component of the viral ribonucleoprotein. The latest advances made for these diverse pharmacological targets have yielded agents in advanced (i.e., favipiravir and VX‐787) or early clinical testing, besides several experimental inhibitors in various stages of development, which are all covered here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Anti-Influenza Virus Activity and Constituents. Characterization of Paeonia delavayi Extracts. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091133. [PMID: 27571059 PMCID: PMC6273231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonia delavayi, an endemic species in southwestern China, has been widely used as a traditional remedy for cardiovascular, extravasated blood, stagnated blood and female diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, there are no reports on the anti-influenza virus activity of this species. Here, the anti-influenza virus activity of P. delavayi root extracts was first evaluated by an influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay. Meantime, constituents in the active extracts were identified using ultra-high performance liquid coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and seven major identified constituents were used to further evaluate the NA inhibitory activity. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) and the ethanol fraction (E) of P. delavayi both presented strong NA inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 75.932 μg/mL and 83.550 μg/mL, respectively. Twenty-seven constituents were characterized in these two active extracts by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, and seven major identified constituents exhibited high activity against the influenza virus. Among them, Benzoylpaeoniflorin (IC50 = 143.701 µM) and pentagalloylglucose (IC50 = 62.671 µM) exhibited the highest activity against the influenza virus, even far stronger than oseltamivir acid (IC50 = 281.308 µM). This study indicated that P. delavayi was a strong NA inhibitor, but cell-based inhibition, anti-influenza virus activity in vivo and anti-influenza virus mechanism still need to be tested and explored.
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50
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N-acylhydrazone inhibitors of influenza virus PA endonuclease with versatile metal binding modes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31500. [PMID: 27510745 PMCID: PMC4980666 DOI: 10.1038/srep31500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus PA endonuclease has recently emerged as an attractive target for the development of novel antiviral therapeutics. This is an enzyme with divalent metal ion(s) (Mg(2+) or Mn(2+)) in its catalytic site: chelation of these metal cofactors is an attractive strategy to inhibit enzymatic activity. Here we report the activity of a series of N-acylhydrazones in an enzymatic assay with PA-Nter endonuclease, as well as in cell-based influenza vRNP reconstitution and virus yield assays. Several N-acylhydrazones were found to have promising anti-influenza activity in the low micromolar concentration range and good selectivity. Computational docking studies are carried on to investigate the key features that determine inhibition of the endonuclease enzyme by N-acylhydrazones. Moreover, we here describe the crystal structure of PA-Nter in complex with one of the most active inhibitors, revealing its interactions within the protein's active site.
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