1
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Fare CM, Rothstein JD. Nuclear pore dysfunction and disease: a complex opportunity. Nucleus 2024; 15:2314297. [PMID: 38383349 PMCID: PMC10883112 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2314297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The separation of genetic material from bulk cytoplasm has enabled the evolution of increasingly complex organisms, allowing for the development of sophisticated forms of life. However, this complexity has created new categories of dysfunction, including those related to the movement of material between cellular compartments. In eukaryotic cells, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking is a fundamental biological process, and cumulative disruptions to nuclear integrity and nucleocytoplasmic transport are detrimental to cell survival. This is particularly true in post-mitotic neurons, where nuclear pore injury and errors to nucleocytoplasmic trafficking are strongly associated with neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of nuclear pore biology in physiological and pathological contexts and discuss potential therapeutic approaches for addressing nuclear pore injury and dysfunctional nucleocytoplasmic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Fare
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Nan Y, Chen W, Chen F, Wei L, Zeng A, Lin X, Zhou W, Yang Y, Li Q. Endosome mediated nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and endomembrane allocation is crucial to polyglutamine toxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:48. [PMID: 38900277 PMCID: PMC11189978 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation of aberrant proteins is a common pathological hallmark in neurodegeneration such as polyglutamine (polyQ) and other repeat-expansion diseases. Here through overexpression of ataxin3 C-terminal polyQ expansion in Drosophila gut enterocytes, we generated an intestinal obstruction model of spinocerebellar ataxia type3 (SCA3) and reported a new role of nuclear-associated endosomes (NAEs)-the delivery of polyQ to the nucleoplasm. In this model, accompanied by the prominently increased RAB5-positive NAEs are abundant nucleoplasmic reticulum enriched with polyQ, abnormal nuclear envelope invagination, significantly reduced endoplasmic reticulum, indicating dysfunctional nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and impaired endomembrane organization. Consistently, Rab5 but not Rab7 RNAi further decreased polyQ-related NAEs, inhibited endomembrane disorganization, and alleviated disease model. Interestingly, autophagic proteins were enriched in polyQ-related NAEs and played non-canonical autophagic roles as genetic manipulation of autophagic molecules exhibited differential impacts on NAEs and SCA3 toxicity. Namely, the down-regulation of Atg1 or Atg12 mitigated while Atg5 RNAi aggravated the disease phenotypes both in Drosophila intestines and compound eyes. Our findings, therefore, provide new mechanistic insights and underscore the fundamental roles of endosome-centered nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and homeostatic endomembrane allocation in the pathogenesis of polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Nan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, China
| | - Aiyuan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China.
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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3
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Biba DA, Wolf YI, Koonin EV, Rochman ND. Balance between asymmetric allocation and repair of somatic damage in unicellular life forms as an ancient form of r/K selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400008121. [PMID: 38787879 PMCID: PMC11145259 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400008121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the course of multiple divisions, cells accumulate diverse nongenetic, somatic damage including misfolded and aggregated proteins and cell wall defects. If the rate of damage accumulation exceeds the rate of dilution through cell growth, a dedicated mitigation strategy is required to prevent eventual population collapse. Strategies for somatic damage control can be divided into two categories, asymmetric allocation and repair, which are not, in principle, mutually exclusive. We explore a mathematical model to identify the optimal strategy, maximizing the total cell number, over a wide range of environmental and physiological conditions. The optimal strategy is primarily determined by extrinsic, damage-independent mortality and the physiological model for damage accumulation that can be either independent (linear) or increasing (exponential) with respect to the prior accumulated damage. Under the linear regime, the optimal strategy is either exclusively repair or asymmetric allocation, whereas under the exponential regime, the optimal strategy is a combination of asymmetry and repair. Repair is preferred when extrinsic mortality is low, whereas at high extrinsic mortality, asymmetric damage allocation becomes the strategy of choice. We hypothesize that at an early stage of life evolution, optimization over repair and asymmetric allocation of somatic damage gave rise to r and K selection strategists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Biba
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD20894
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN37830
| | - Yuri I. Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD20894
| | - Eugene V. Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD20894
| | - Nash D. Rochman
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD20894
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY10027
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy City, University of New York, New York, NY10027
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4
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Vedel S, Košmrlj A, Nunns H, Trusina A. Synergistic and antagonistic effects of deterministic and stochastic cell-cell variations. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:054404. [PMID: 38907460 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.054404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
By diversifying, cells in a clonal population can together overcome the limits of individuals. Diversity in single-cell growth rates allows the population to survive environmental stresses, such as antibiotics, and grow faster than the undiversified population. These functional cell-cell variations can arise stochastically, from noise in biochemical reactions, or deterministically, by asymmetrically distributing damaged components. While each of the mechanisms is well understood, the effect of the combined mechanisms is unclear. To evaluate the contribution of the deterministic component we developed a mathematical model by mapping the growing population to the Ising model. To analyze the combined effects of stochastic and deterministic contributions we introduced the analytical results of the Ising-mapping into an Euler-Lotka framework. Model results, confirmed by simulations and experimental data, show that deterministic cell-cell variations increase near-linearly with stress. As a consequence, we predict that the gain in population doubling time from cell-cell variations is primarily stochastic at low stress but may cross over to deterministic at higher stresses. Furthermore, we find that while the deterministic component minimizes population damage, stochastic variations antagonize this effect. Together our results may help identifying stress-tolerant pathogenic cells and thus inspire novel antibiotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Vedel
- Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Models of Life, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Harry Nunns
- Center for Models of Life, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Ala Trusina
- Center for Models of Life, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Chen M, Zhu Z, Wu S, Huang A, Xie Z, Cai J, Huang R, Yu S, Liu M, Zhang J, Tse Y, Wu Q, Wang J, Ding Y. SKN-1 is indispensable for protection against Aβ-induced proteotoxicity by a selenopeptide derived from Cordyceps militaris. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103065. [PMID: 38340636 PMCID: PMC10869277 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and disruption of proteostasis caused by aggregated proteins are the primary causes of cell death in various diseases. Selenopeptides have shown the potential to control OS and alleviate inflammatory damage, suggesting promising therapeutic applications. However, their potential function in inhibiting proteotoxicity is not yet fully understood. To address this gap in knowledge, this study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of the selenopeptide VPRKL(Se)M on amyloid β protein (Aβ) toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. The results revealed that supplementation with VPRKL(Se)M can alleviate Aβ-induced toxic effects in the transgenic C. elegans model. Moreover, the addition of VPRKL(Se)M inhibited the Aβ aggregates formation, reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and ameliorated the overall proteostasis. Importantly, we found that the inhibitory effects of VPRKL(Se)M on Aβ toxicity and activation of the unfolded protein are dependent on skinhead-1 (SKN-1). These findings suggested that VPRKL(Se)M is a potential bioactive agent for modulating SKN-1, which subsequently improves proteostasis and reduces OS. Collectively, the findings from the current study suggests VPRKL(Se)M may play a critical role in preventing protein disorder and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shujian Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Aohuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Zhiqing Xie
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Shubo Yu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yuchung Tse
- Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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6
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Yamashita YM. Asymmetric Stem Cell Division and Germline Immortality. Annu Rev Genet 2023; 57:181-199. [PMID: 37552892 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-022123-040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Germ cells are the only cell type that is capable of transmitting genetic information to the next generation, which has enabled the continuation of multicellular life for the last 1.5 billion years. Surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms supporting the germline's remarkable ability to continue in this eternal cycle, termed germline immortality. Even unicellular organisms age at a cellular level, demonstrating that cellular aging is inevitable. Extensive studies in yeast have established the framework of how asymmetric cell division and gametogenesis may contribute to the resetting of cellular age. This review examines the mechanisms of germline immortality-how germline cells reset the aging of cells-drawing a parallel between yeast and multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko M Yamashita
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;
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7
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Biba DA, Wolf YI, Koonin EV, Rochman ND. Unicellular life balances asymmetric allocation and repair of somatic damage representing the origin of r/K selection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.21.568103. [PMID: 38076808 PMCID: PMC10705550 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of multiple divisions, cells accumulate diverse non-genetic, somatic damage including misfolded and aggregated proteins and cell wall defects. If the rate of damage accumulation exceeds the rate of dilution through cell growth, a dedicated mitigation strategy is required to prevent eventual population collapse. Strategies for somatic damage control can be divided into two categories, asymmetric allocation and repair, which are not, in principle, mutually exclusive. Through mathematical modelling, we identify the optimal strategy, maximizing the total cell number, over a wide range of environmental and physiological conditions. The optimal strategy is primarily determined by extrinsic (damage-independent) mortality and the physiological model for damage accumulation that can be either independent (linear) or increasing (exponential) with respect to the prior accumulated damage. Under the linear regime, the optimal strategy is either exclusively repair or asymmetric allocation whereas under the exponential regime, the optimal strategy is mixed. Repair is preferred when extrinsic mortality is low, whereas at high extrinsic mortality, asymmetric damage allocation becomes the strategy of choice. We hypothesize that optimization over somatic damage repair and asymmetric allocation in early cellular life forms gave rise to the r and K selection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Biba
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Yuri I. Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eugene V. Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nash D. Rochman
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
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8
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Ogrodnik M, Gladyshev VN. The meaning of adaptation in aging: insights from cellular senescence, epigenetic clocks and stem cell alterations. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:766-775. [PMID: 37386259 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
With recent rapid progress in research on aging, there is increasing evidence that many features commonly considered to be mechanisms or drivers of aging in fact represent adaptations. Here, we examine several such features, including cellular senescence, epigenetic aging and stem cell alterations. We draw a distinction between the causes and consequences of aging and define short-term consequences as 'responses' and long-term ones as 'adaptations'. We also discuss 'damaging adaptations', which despite having beneficial effects in the short term, lead to exacerbation of the initial insult and acceleration of aging. Features commonly recognized as 'basic mechanisms of the aging process' are critically examined for the possibility of their adaptation-driven emergence from processes such as cell competition and the wound-like features of the aging body. Finally, we speculate on the meaning of these interactions for the aging process and their relevance for the development of antiaging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Workers' Compensation Board Research Center, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Wen JH, He XH, Feng ZS, Li DY, Tang JX, Liu HF. Cellular Protein Aggregates: Formation, Biological Effects, and Ways of Elimination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108593. [PMID: 37239937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of protein aggregates is the hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. The dysregulation of protein homeostasis (or proteostasis) caused by acute proteotoxic stresses or chronic expression of mutant proteins can lead to protein aggregation. Protein aggregates can interfere with a variety of cellular biological processes and consume factors essential for maintaining proteostasis, leading to a further imbalance of proteostasis and further accumulation of protein aggregates, creating a vicious cycle that ultimately leads to aging and the progression of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Over the long course of evolution, eukaryotic cells have evolved a variety of mechanisms to rescue or eliminate aggregated proteins. Here, we will briefly review the composition and causes of protein aggregation in mammalian cells, systematically summarize the role of protein aggregates in the organisms, and further highlight some of the clearance mechanisms of protein aggregates. Finally, we will discuss potential therapeutic strategies that target protein aggregates in the treatment of aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hao Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Ze-Sen Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Dong-Yi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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10
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Pikovsky A, Tsimring LS. Statistical theory of asymmetric damage segregation in clonal cell populations. Math Biosci 2023; 358:108980. [PMID: 36804386 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.108980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric damage segregation (ADS) is ubiquitous among unicellular organisms: After a mother cell divides, its two daughter cells receive sometimes slightly, sometimes strongly different fractions of damaged proteins accumulated in the mother cell. Previous studies demonstrated that ADS provides a selective advantage over symmetrically dividing cells by rejuvenating and perpetuating the population as a whole. In this work we focus on the statistical properties of damage in individual lineages and the overall damage distributions in growing populations for a variety of ADS models with different rules governing damage accumulation, segregation, and the lifetime dependence on damage. We show that for a large class of deterministic ADS rules the trajectories of damage along the lineages are chaotic, and the distributions of damage in cells born at a given time asymptotically becomes fractal. By exploiting the analogy of linear ADS models with the Iterated Function Systems known in chaos theory, we derive the Frobenius-Perron equation for the stationary damage density distribution and analytically compute the damage distribution moments and fractal dimensions. We also investigate nonlinear and stochastic variants of ADS models and show the robustness of the salient features of the damage distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Pikovsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Lev S Tsimring
- Synthetic Biology Institute, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0328, USA.
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11
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Mauthe M, Kampinga HH, Hipp MS, Reggiori F. Digest it all: the lysosomal turnover of cytoplasmic aggregates. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:216-228. [PMID: 36280494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Aggrephagy describes the selective lysosomal transport and turnover of cytoplasmic protein aggregates by macro-autophagy. In this process, protein aggregates and conglomerates are polyubiquitinated and then sequestered by autophagosomes. Soluble selective autophagy receptors (SARs) are central to aggrephagy and physically bind to both ubiquitin and the autophagy machinery, thus linking the cargo to the forming autophagosomal membrane. Because the accumulation of protein aggregates is associated with cytotoxicity in several diseases, a better molecular understanding of aggrephagy might provide a conceptual framework to develop therapeutic strategies aimed at delaying the onset of these pathologies by preventing the buildup of potentially toxic aggregates. We review recent advances in our knowledge about the mechanism of aggrephagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mauthe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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12
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Pikovsky A, Tsimring LS. Statistical Theory of Asymmetric Damage Segregation in Clonal Cell Populations. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2302.08071v1. [PMID: 36824426 PMCID: PMC9949173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric damage segregation (ADS) is ubiquitous among unicellular organisms: After a mother cell divides, its two daughter cells receive sometimes slightly, sometimes strongly different fractions of damaged proteins accumulated in the mother cell. Previous studies demonstrated that ADS provides a selective advantage over symmetrically dividing cells by rejuvenating and perpetuating the population as a whole. In this work we focus on the statistical properties of damage in individual lineages and the overall damage distributions in growing populations for a variety of ADS models with different rules governing damage accumulation, segregation, and the lifetime dependence on damage. We show that for a large class of deterministic ADS rules the trajectories of damage along the lineages are chaotic, and the distributions of damage in cells born at a given time asymptotically becomes fractal. By exploiting the analogy of linear ADS models with the Iterated Function Systems known in chaos theory, we derive the Frobenius-Perron equation for the stationary damage density distribution and analytically compute the damage distribution moments and fractal dimensions. We also investigate nonlinear and stochastic variants of ADS models and show the robustness of the salient features of the damage distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Pikovsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lev S. Tsimring
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0328, USA
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13
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Papanagnou E, Gumeni S, Sklirou AD, Rafeletou A, Terpos E, Keklikoglou K, Kastritis E, Stamatelopoulos K, Sykiotis GP, Dimopoulos MA, Trougakos IP. Autophagy activation can partially rescue proteasome dysfunction-mediated cardiac toxicity. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13715. [PMID: 36259256 PMCID: PMC9649605 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and its functional interplay with other proteostatic and/or mitostatic modules are crucial for cell viability, especially in post-mitotic cells like cardiomyocytes, which are constantly exposed to proteotoxic, metabolic, and mechanical stress. Consistently, treatment of multiple myeloma patients with therapeutic proteasome inhibitors may induce cardiac failure; yet the effects promoted by heart-targeted proteasome dysfunction are not completely understood. We report here that heart-targeted proteasome knockdown in the fly experimental model results in increased proteome instability and defective mitostasis, leading to disrupted cardiac activity, systemic toxicity, and reduced longevity. These phenotypes were partially rescued by either heart targeted- or by dietary restriction-mediated activation of autophagy. Supportively, activation of autophagy by Rapamycin or Metformin administration in flies treated with proteasome inhibitors reduced proteome instability, partially restored mitochondrial function, mitigated cardiotoxicity, and improved flies' longevity. These findings suggest that autophagic inducers represent a novel promising intervention against proteasome inhibitor-induced cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni‐Dimitra Papanagnou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of BiologyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of BiologyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Aimilia D. Sklirou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of BiologyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Alexandra Rafeletou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of BiologyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Kleoniki Keklikoglou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR)CreteGreece,Biology DepartmentUniversity of CreteHeraklionGreece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of BiologyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
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14
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Schneider KL, Ahmadpour D, Keuenhof KS, Eisele-Bürger AM, Berglund LL, Eisele F, Babazadeh R, Höög JL, Nyström T, Widlund PO. Using reporters of different misfolded proteins reveals differential strategies in processing protein aggregates. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102476. [PMID: 36096201 PMCID: PMC9636550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded proteins is a hallmark of aging and many neurodegenerative diseases, making it important to understand how the cellular machinery recognizes and processes such proteins. A key question in this respect is whether misfolded proteins are handled in a similar way regardless of their genetic origin. To approach this question, we compared how three different misfolded proteins, guk1-7, gus1-3, and pro3-1, are handled by the cell. We show that all three are nontoxic, even though highly overexpressed, highlighting their usefulness in analyzing the cellular response to misfolding in the absence of severe stress. We found significant differences between the aggregation and disaggregation behavior of the misfolded proteins. Specifically, gus1-3 formed some aggregates that did not efficiently recruit the protein disaggregase Hsp104 and did not colocalize with the other misfolded reporter proteins. Strikingly, while all three misfolded proteins generally coaggregated and colocalized to specific sites in the cell, disaggregation was notably different; the rate of aggregate clearance of pro3-1 was faster than that of the other misfolded proteins, and its clearance rate was not hindered when pro3-1 colocalized with a slowly resolved misfolded protein. Finally, we observed using super-resolution light microscopy as well as immunogold labeling EM in which both showed an even distribution of the different misfolded proteins within an inclusion, suggesting that misfolding characteristics and remodeling, rather than spatial compartmentalization, allows for differential clearance of these misfolding reporters residing in the same inclusion. Taken together, our results highlight how properties of misfolded proteins can significantly affect processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Schneider
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health - AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Doryaneh Ahmadpour
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health - AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharina S Keuenhof
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Maria Eisele-Bürger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health - AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Larsson Berglund
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frederik Eisele
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health - AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roja Babazadeh
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health - AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna L Höög
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health - AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per O Widlund
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health - AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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15
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Hurwitz B, Guzzi N, Gola A, Fiore VF, Sendoel A, Nikolova M, Barrows D, Carroll TS, Pasolli HA, Fuchs E. The integrated stress response remodels the microtubule-organizing center to clear unfolded proteins following proteotoxic stress. eLife 2022; 11:e77780. [PMID: 35758650 PMCID: PMC9299849 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells encountering stressful situations activate the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway to limit protein synthesis and redirect translation to better cope. The ISR has also been implicated in cancers, but redundancies in the stress-sensing kinases that trigger the ISR have posed hurdles to dissecting physiological relevance. To overcome this challenge, we targeted the regulatory node of these kinases, namely, the S51 phosphorylation site of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2α and genetically replaced eIF2α with eIF2α-S51A in mouse squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) stem cells of skin. While inconsequential under normal growth conditions, the vulnerability of this ISR-null state was unveiled when SCC stem cells experienced proteotoxic stress. Seeking mechanistic insights into the protective roles of the ISR, we combined ribosome profiling and functional approaches to identify and probe the functional importance of translational differences between ISR-competent and ISR-null SCC stem cells when exposed to proteotoxic stress. In doing so, we learned that the ISR redirects translation to centrosomal proteins that orchestrate the microtubule dynamics needed to efficiently concentrate unfolded proteins at the microtubule-organizing center so that they can be cleared by the perinuclear degradation machinery. Thus, rather than merely maintaining survival during proteotoxic stress, the ISR also functions in promoting cellular recovery once the stress has subsided. Remarkably, this molecular program is unique to transformed skin stem cells, hence exposing a vulnerability in cancer that could be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hurwitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Nicola Guzzi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anita Gola
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Vincent F Fiore
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ataman Sendoel
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Maria Nikolova
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Douglas Barrows
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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16
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Abstract
Ageing, death, and potential immortality lie at the heart of biology, but two seemingly incompatible paradigms coexist in different research communities and have done since the nineteenth century. The universal senescence paradigm sees senescence as inevitable in all cells. Damage accumulates. The potential immortality paradigm sees some cells as potentially immortal, especially unicellular organisms, germ cells and cancerous cells. Recent research with animal cells, yeasts and bacteria show that damaged cell constituents do in fact build up, but can be diluted by growth and cell division, especially by asymmetric cell division. By contrast, mammalian embryonic stem cells and many cancerous and 'immortalized' cell lines divide symmetrically, and yet replicate indefinitely. How do they acquire their potential immortality? I suggest they are rejuvenated by excreting damaged cell constituents in extracellular vesicles. If so, our understanding of cellular senescence, rejuvenation and potential immortality could be brought together in a new synthesis, which I call the cellular rejuvenation hypothesis: damaged cell constituents build up in all cells, but cells can be rejuvenated either by growth and cell division or, in 'immortal' cell lines, by excreting damaged cell constituents. In electronic supplementary material, appendix, I outline nine ways in which this hypothesis could be tested.
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17
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Mi L, Hu J, Li N, Gao J, Huo R, Peng X, Zhang N, Liu Y, Zhao H, Liu R, Zhang L, Xu K. The Mechanism of Stem Cell Aging. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1281-1293. [PMID: 35000109 PMCID: PMC9033730 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have self-renewal ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. They have tissue repair capabilities and are essential for maintaining the tissue homeostasis. The depletion of stem cells is closely related to the occurrence of body aging and aging-related diseases. Therefore, revealing the molecular mechanisms of stem cell aging will set new directions for the therapeutic application of stem cells, the study of aging mechanisms, and the prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases. This review comprehensively describes the molecular mechanisms related to stem cell aging and provides the basis for further investigations aimed at developing new anti-stem cell aging strategies and promoting the clinical application of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Mi
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Junping Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Rongxiu Huo
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Hanxi Zhao
- Silc Business School, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ruiling Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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18
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Schuster T, Geiger H. Septins in Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:801507. [PMID: 34957123 PMCID: PMC8695968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.801507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins were first described in yeast. Due to extensive research in non-yeast cells, Septins are now recognized across all species as important players in the regulation of the cytoskeleton, in the establishment of polarity, for migration, vesicular trafficking and scaffolding. Stem cells are primarily quiescent cells, and this actively maintained quiescent state is critical for proper stem cell function. Equally important though, stem cells undergo symmetric or asymmetric division, which is likely linked to the level of symmetry found in the mother stem cell. Due to the ability to organize barriers and be able to break symmetry in cells, Septins are thought to have a significant impact on organizing quiescence as well as the mode (symmetric vs asymmetric) of stem cell division to affect self-renewal versus differentiation. Mechanisms of regulating mammalian quiescence and symmetry breaking by Septins are though still somewhat elusive. Within this overview article, we summarize current knowledge on the role of Septins in stem cells ranging from yeast to mice especially with respect to quiescence and asymmetric division, with a special focus on hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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19
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Southard T, Kelly K, Armien AG. Myocardial protein aggregates in pet guinea pigs. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:157-163. [PMID: 34530659 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211042586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study of guinea pigs submitted for necropsy revealed intracytoplasmic inclusions in the cardiomyocytes of 26 of 30 animals. The inclusions were found with approximately the same frequency in male and female guinea pigs and were slightly more common in older animals. In most cases, the animals did not have clinical signs or necropsy findings suggestive of heart failure, and the cause of death or reason for euthanasia was attributed to concurrent disease processes. However, the 4 guinea pigs with the highest inclusion body burden all had pulmonary edema, sometimes with intra-alveolar hemosiderin-laden macrophages, suggestive of heart failure. The inclusions were found in both the left and right ventricular myocardium, mainly in the papillary muscles, but were most common in the right ventricular free wall. No inclusions were detected in the atrial myocardium or in skeletal muscle. The inclusions did not stain with Congo red or periodic acid-Schiff. Electron microscopy revealed dense aggregates of disorganized myofilaments and microtubules that displaced and compressed the adjacent organelles. By immunohistochemistry, there was some scattered immunoreactivity for desmin and actin at the periphery of the inclusions and punctate actin reactivity within the aggregates. The inclusions did not react with antibodies to ubiquitin or cardiac myosin, but were variably reactive for alpha B crystallin, a small heat shock chaperone protein. The inclusions were interpreted as evidence of impaired proteostasis.
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20
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Mammalian cells use the autophagy process to restrict avian influenza virus replication. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109213. [PMID: 34107256 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host adaptive mutations in the influenza A virus (IAV) PB2 protein are critical for human infection, but their molecular action is not well understood. We observe that when IAV containing avian PB2 infects mammalian cells, viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) aggregates that localize to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) are formed. These vRNP aggregates resemble LC3B-associated autophagosome structures, with aggresome-like properties, in that they cause the re-distribution of vimentin. However, electron microscopy reveals that these aggregates represent an accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. Compared to mammalian-PB2 virus, avian-PB2 virus induces higher autophagic flux in infected cells, indicating an increased rate of autophagosomes containing avian vRNPs fusing with lysosomes. We found that p62 is essential for the formation of vRNP aggregates and that the Raptor-interacting region of p62 is required for interaction with vRNPs through the PB2 polymerase subunit. Selective autophagic sequestration during late-stage virus replication is thus an additional strategy for host restriction of avian-PB2 IAV.
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21
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Cafe SL, Nixon B, Ecroyd H, Martin JH, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Bromfield EG. Proteostasis in the Male and Female Germline: A New Outlook on the Maintenance of Reproductive Health. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660626. [PMID: 33937261 PMCID: PMC8085359 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For fully differentiated, long lived cells the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) becomes a crucial determinant of cellular function and viability. Neurons are the most well-known example of this phenomenon where the majority of these cells must survive the entire course of life. However, male and female germ cells are also uniquely dependent on the maintenance of proteostasis to achieve successful fertilization. Oocytes, also long-lived cells, are subjected to prolonged periods of arrest and are largely reliant on the translation of stored mRNAs, accumulated during the growth period, to support meiotic maturation and subsequent embryogenesis. Conversely, sperm cells, while relatively ephemeral, are completely reliant on proteostasis due to the absence of both transcription and translation. Despite these remarkable, cell-specific features there has been little focus on understanding protein homeostasis in reproductive cells and how/whether proteostasis is "reset" during embryogenesis. Here, we seek to capture the momentum of this growing field by highlighting novel findings regarding germline proteostasis and how this knowledge can be used to promote reproductive health. In this review we capture proteostasis in the context of both somatic cell and germline aging and discuss the influence of oxidative stress on protein function. In particular, we highlight the contributions of proteostasis changes to oocyte aging and encourage a focus in this area that may complement the extensive analyses of DNA damage and aneuploidy that have long occupied the oocyte aging field. Moreover, we discuss the influence of common non-enzymatic protein modifications on the stability of proteins in the male germline, how these changes affect sperm function, and how they may be prevented to preserve fertility. Through this review we aim to bring to light a new trajectory for our field and highlight the potential to harness the germ cell's natural proteostasis mechanisms to improve reproductive health. This manuscript will be of interest to those in the fields of proteostasis, aging, male and female gamete reproductive biology, embryogenesis, and life course health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenae L. Cafe
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacinta H. Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David A. Skerrett-Byrne
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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22
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Alberti S, Hyman AA. Biomolecular condensates at the nexus of cellular stress, protein aggregation disease and ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:196-213. [PMID: 33510441 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless intracellular assemblies that often form via liquid-liquid phase separation and have the ability to concentrate biopolymers. Research over the past 10 years has revealed that condensates play fundamental roles in cellular organization and physiology, and our understanding of the molecular principles, components and forces underlying their formation has substantially increased. Condensate assembly is tightly regulated in the intracellular environment, and failure to control condensate properties, formation and dissolution can lead to protein misfolding and aggregation, which are often the cause of ageing-associated diseases. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms and regulation of condensate assembly and dissolution, highlight recent advances in understanding the role of biomolecular condensates in ageing and disease, and discuss how cellular stress, ageing-related loss of homeostasis and a decline in protein quality control may contribute to the formation of aberrant, disease-causing condensates. Our improved understanding of condensate pathology provides a promising path for the treatment of protein aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Alberti
- Technische Universität Dresden, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Engineering (CMCB), Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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23
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Abstract
The centrosome is a unique organelle: the semi-conservative nature of its duplication generates an inherent asymmetry between ‘mother’ and ‘daughter’ centrosomes, which differ in their age. This asymmetry has captivated many cell biologists, but its meaning has remained enigmatic. In the last two decades, many stem cell types have been shown to display stereotypical inheritance of either the mother or daughter centrosome. These observations have led to speculation that the mother and daughter centrosomes bear distinct information, contributing to differential cell fates during asymmetric cell divisions. This review summarizes recent progress and discusses how centrosome asymmetry may promote asymmetric fates during stem cell divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuie Chen
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yukiko M Yamashita
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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24
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Royall LN, Jessberger S. How stem cells remember their past. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 69:17-22. [PMID: 33429112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are required for tissue development, homeostasis, and repair. Recent data suggested that previous biographical experiences of individual stem cells influence their behavior in the context of tissue formation and govern stem cell responses to external stimuli. Here we provide a concise review how a cell's biography, for example, previous rounds of cell divisions or the age-dependent accumulation of cellular damage, is remembered in stem cells and how previous experiences affect the segregation of cellular components, thus guiding cellular behavior in vertebrate stem cells. Further, we suggest future directions of research that may help to unravel the molecular underpinnings of how past experiences guide future cellular behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars N Royall
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Koç Ş, Baysal SS. Heart aging when near vision difficulty begins. Aging Male 2020; 23:1346-1354. [PMID: 32449445 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2020.1766438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heart, lens, and neuronal cells change significantly with age, and they are older than cells from renewable tissues. Near vision deterioration during aging results from a decrease in accommodation amplitude (AA). Cardiac aging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We investigated the association between cardiac aging and AA. METHODS The subjects (500 mean 50-year-old subjects, with equal males and females) were divided into two groups according to AA measured with a Raf ruler. Biomicroscopy was used to capture images of the lens nucleus in the unaccommodated and accommodated state. The nucleus diameter change at 1 D accommodation was measured using ImageJ. Cardiac conduction system differences were evaluated using electrocardiography, and cardiac autonomic aging was assessed based on heart rate variability. Myocardial aging was assessed based on diastolic dysfunction. RESULTS For near distance vision, compared to subjects who could see clearly from 24 to 28 cm, subjects who could see clearly from 29 to 33 cm had a 2.104-fold higher risk of a lateral e' velocity <10 cm/s [95%CI: 1.312-3.374], 2.603-fold higher risk of diastolic dysfunction [95%CI: 1.453-4.662], 1.54-fold higher risk of a low/high frequency ratio >3.1 [95%CI: 1.085-2.197]. CONCLUSIONS As a simple screening test, subjective AA measurement can predict important heart aging parameters, including diastolic dysfunction. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV REGISTRY NO NCT04362215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şahbender Koç
- Keçiören Education and Training Hospital, Unıversity of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadettin Selçuk Baysal
- Mehmet Akif İnan Education and Training Hospital, Unıversity of Health Sciences, Urfa, Turkey
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26
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Morrow CS, Moore DL. Vimentin's side gig: Regulating cellular proteostasis in mammalian systems. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:515-523. [PMID: 33190414 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) perform a diverse set of well-known functions including providing structural support for the cell and resistance to mechanical stress, yet recent evidence has revealed unexpected roles for IFs as stress response proteins. Previously, it was shown that the type III IF protein vimentin forms cage-like structures around centrosome-associated proteins destined for degradation, structures referred to as aggresomes, suggesting a role for vimentin in protein turnover. However, vimentin's function at the aggresome has remained largely understudied. In a recent report, vimentin was shown to be dispensable for aggresome formation, but played a critical role in protein turnover at the aggresome through localizing proteostasis-related machineries, such as proteasomes, to the aggresome. Here, we review evidence for vimentin's function in proteostasis and highlight the organismal implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Morrow
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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27
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Johnston HE, Samant RS. Alternative systems for misfolded protein clearance: life beyond the proteasome. FEBS J 2020; 288:4464-4487. [PMID: 33135311 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is a major driver of ageing-associated frailty and disease pathology. Although all cells possess multiple, well-characterised protein quality control systems to mitigate the toxicity of misfolded proteins, how they are integrated to maintain protein homeostasis ('proteostasis') in health-and how their disintegration contributes to disease-is still an exciting and fast-paced area of research. Under physiological conditions, the predominant route for misfolded protein clearance involves ubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation. When the capacity of this route is overwhelmed-as happens during conditions of acute environmental stress, or chronic ageing-related decline-alternative routes for protein quality control are activated. In this review, we summarise our current understanding of how proteasome-targeted misfolded proteins are retrafficked to alternative protein quality control routes such as juxta-nuclear sequestration and selective autophagy when the ubiquitin-proteasome system is compromised. We also discuss the molecular determinants of these alternative protein quality control systems, attempt to clarify distinctions between various cytoplasmic spatial quality control inclusion bodies (e.g., Q-bodies, p62 bodies, JUNQ, aggresomes, and aggresome-like induced structures 'ALIS'), and speculate on emerging concepts in the field that we hope will spur future research-with the potential to benefit the rational development of healthy ageing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul S Samant
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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28
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Abstract
Vimentin is one of the first cytoplasmic intermediate filaments to be expressed in mammalian cells during embryogenesis, but its role in cellular fitness has long been a mystery. Vimentin is acknowledged to play a role in cell stiffness, cell motility, and cytoplasmic organization, yet it is widely considered to be dispensable for cellular function and organismal development. Here, we show that Vimentin plays a role in cellular stress response in differentiating cells, by recruiting aggregates, stress granules, and RNA-binding proteins, directing their elimination and asymmetric partitioning. In the absence of Vimentin, pluripotent embryonic stem cells fail to differentiate properly, with a pronounced deficiency in neuronal differentiation. Our results uncover a novel function for Vimentin, with important implications for development, tissue homeostasis, and in particular, stress response.
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29
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Goodman JS, King GA, Ünal E. Cellular quality control during gametogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112247. [PMID: 32882217 PMCID: PMC7572901 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of aging is the progressive accumulation of cellular damage. Age-induced damage arises due to a decrease in organelle function along with a decline in protein quality control. Although somatic tissues deteriorate with age, the germline must maintain cellular homeostasis in order to ensure the production of healthy progeny. While germline quality control has been primarily studied in multicellular organisms, recent evidence suggests the existence of gametogenesis-specific quality control mechanisms in unicellular eukaryotes, highlighting the evolutionary conservation of meiotic events beyond chromosome morphogenesis. Notably, budding yeast eliminates age-induced damage during meiotic differentiation, employing novel organelle and protein quality control mechanisms to produce young and healthy gametes. Similarly, organelle and protein quality control is present in metazoan gametogenesis; however, whether and how these mechanisms contribute to cellular rejuvenation requires further investigation. Here, we summarize recent findings that describe organelle and protein quality control in budding yeast gametogenesis, examine similar quality control mechanisms in metazoan development, and identify research directions that will improve our understanding of meiotic cellular rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Goodman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - Grant A King
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - Elçin Ünal
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, 94720, USA.
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30
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Schnitzer B, Borgqvist J, Cvijovic M. The synergy of damage repair and retention promotes rejuvenation and prolongs healthy lifespans in cell lineages. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008314. [PMID: 33044956 PMCID: PMC7598927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Damaged proteins are inherited asymmetrically during cell division in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such that most damage is retained within the mother cell. The consequence is an ageing mother and a rejuvenated daughter cell with full replicative potential. Daughters of old and damaged mothers are however born with increasing levels of damage resulting in lowered replicative lifespans. Remarkably, these prematurely old daughters can give rise to rejuvenated cells with low damage levels and recovered lifespans, called second-degree rejuvenation. We aimed to investigate how damage repair and retention together can promote rejuvenation and at the same time ensure low damage levels in mother cells, reflected in longer health spans. We developed a dynamic model for damage accumulation over successive divisions in individual cells as part of a dynamically growing cell lineage. With detailed knowledge about single-cell dynamics and relationships between all cells in the lineage, we can infer how individual damage repair and retention strategies affect the propagation of damage in the population. We show that damage retention lowers damage levels in the population by reducing the variability across the lineage, and results in larger population sizes. Repairing damage efficiently in early life, as opposed to investing in repair when damage has already accumulated, counteracts accelerated ageing caused by damage retention. It prolongs the health span of individual cells which are moreover less prone to stress. In combination, damage retention and early investment in repair are beneficial for healthy ageing in yeast cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schnitzer
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Borgqvist
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marija Cvijovic
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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31
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Babazadeh R, Ahmadpour D, Jia S, Hao X, Widlund P, Schneider K, Eisele F, Edo LD, Smits GJ, Liu B, Nystrom T. Syntaxin 5 Is Required for the Formation and Clearance of Protein Inclusions during Proteostatic Stress. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2096-2110.e8. [PMID: 31433985 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial sorting to discrete quality control sites in the cell is a process harnessing the toxicity of aberrant proteins. We show that the yeast t-snare phosphoprotein syntaxin5 (Sed5) acts as a key factor in mitigating proteotoxicity and the spatial deposition and clearance of IPOD (insoluble protein deposit) inclusions associates with the disaggregase Hsp104. Sed5 phosphorylation promotes dynamic movement of COPII-associated Hsp104 and boosts disaggregation by favoring anterograde ER-to-Golgi trafficking. Hsp104-associated aggregates co-localize with Sed5 as well as components of the ER, trans Golgi network, and endocytic vesicles, transiently during proteostatic stress, explaining mechanistically how misfolded and aggregated proteins formed at the vicinity of the ER can hitchhike toward vacuolar IPOD sites. Many inclusions become associated with mitochondria in a HOPS/vCLAMP-dependent manner and co-localize with Vps39 (HOPS/vCLAMP) and Vps13, which are proteins providing contacts between vacuole and mitochondria. Both Vps39 and Vps13 are required also for efficient Sed5-dependent clearance of aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Babazadeh
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Doryaneh Ahmadpour
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Song Jia
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinxin Hao
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Per Widlund
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Kara Schneider
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Frederik Eisele
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Laura Dolz Edo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090, the Netherlands
| | - Gertien J Smits
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090, the Netherlands
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nystrom
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden.
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Alam S, Abdullah CS, Aishwarya R, Morshed M, Bhuiyan MS. Molecular Perspectives of Mitochondrial Adaptations and Their Role in Cardiac Proteostasis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1054. [PMID: 32982788 PMCID: PMC7481364 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key to properly functioning energy generation in the metabolically demanding cardiomyocytes and thus essential to healthy heart contractility on a beat-to-beat basis. Mitochondria being the central organelle for cellular metabolism and signaling in the heart, its dysfunction leads to cardiovascular disease. The healthy mitochondrial functioning critical to maintaining cardiomyocyte viability and contractility is accomplished by adaptive changes in the dynamics, biogenesis, and degradation of the mitochondria to ensure cellular proteostasis. Recent compelling evidence suggests that the classical protein quality control system in cardiomyocytes is also under constant mitochondrial control, either directly or indirectly. Impairment of cytosolic protein quality control may affect the position of the mitochondria in relation to other organelles, as well as mitochondrial morphology and function, and could also activate mitochondrial proteostasis. Despite a growing interest in the mitochondrial quality control system, very little information is available about the molecular function of mitochondria in cardiac proteostasis. In this review, we bring together current understanding of the adaptations and role of the mitochondria in cardiac proteostasis and describe the adaptive/maladaptive changes observed in the mitochondrial network required to maintain proteomic integrity. We also highlight the key mitochondrial signaling pathways activated in response to proteotoxic stress as a cellular mechanism to protect the heart from proteotoxicity. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial adaptations and their role in cardiac proteostasis will help to develop future therapeutics to protect the heart from cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiul Alam
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Chowdhury S Abdullah
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Richa Aishwarya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Mahboob Morshed
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Md Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
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33
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Molzahn CM, Mayor T. Protein Aggregation Triggered by Rewired Protein Homeostasis during Neuronal Differentiation. Mol Cell 2020; 78:195-196. [PMID: 32302540 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Vonk et al. (2020) and Thiruvalluvan et al. (2020) identify key chaperones that confer resistance to protein aggregation in neural stem cells and become reduced upon differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristen M Molzahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thibault Mayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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34
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Hossain MI, Marcus JM, Lee JH, Garcia PL, Singh V, Shacka JJ, Zhang J, Gropen TI, Falany CN, Andrabi SA. Restoration of CTSD (cathepsin D) and lysosomal function in stroke is neuroprotective. Autophagy 2020; 17:1330-1348. [PMID: 32450052 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1761219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. The pathophysiological mechanisms associated with stroke are very complex and not fully understood. Lysosomal function has a vital physiological function in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In neurons, CTSD (cathepsin D) is an essential protease involved in the regulation of proteolytic activity of the lysosomes. Loss of CTSD leads to lysosomal dysfunction and accumulation of different cellular proteins implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. In cerebral ischemia, the role of CTSD and lysosomal function is not clearly defined. We used oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse cortical neurons and the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke to assess the role of CTSD in stroke pathophysiology. Our results show a time-dependent decrease in CTSD protein levels and activity in the mouse brain after stroke and neurons following OGD, with concurrent defects in lysosomal function. We found that shRNA-mediated knockdown of CTSD in neurons is sufficient to cause lysosomal dysfunction. CTSD knockdown further aggravates lysosomal dysfunction and cell death in OGD-exposed neurons. Restoration of CTSD protein levels via lentiviral transduction increases CTSD activity in neurons and, thus, renders resistance to OGD-mediated defects in lysosomal function and cell death. This study indicates that CTSD-dependent lysosomal function is critical for maintaining neuronal survival in cerebral ischemia; thus, strategies focused on maintaining CTSD function in neurons are potentially novel therapeutic approaches to prevent neuronal death in stroke.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin beta; AD: Alzheimer disease; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CQ: chloroquine; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; CTSL: cathepsin L; FTD: frontotemporal dementia, HD: Huntington disease; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LSD: lysosomal storage disease; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; OGD: oxygen glucose deprivation; OGR: oxygen glucose resupply; PD: Parkinson disease; SQSMT1: sequestosome 1; TCA: trichloroacetic acid; TTC: triphenyl tetrazolium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua M Marcus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patrick L Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - VinodKumar Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John J Shacka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Toby I Gropen
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Charles N Falany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shaida A Andrabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
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35
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Selig EE, Zlatic CO, Cox D, Mok YF, Gooley PR, Ecroyd H, Griffin MDW. N- and C-terminal regions of αB-crystallin and Hsp27 mediate inhibition of amyloid nucleation, fibril binding, and fibril disaggregation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9838-9854. [PMID: 32417755 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperones that inhibit amyloid fibril formation; however, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. sHSPs comprise a conserved α-crystallin domain flanked by variable N- and C-terminal regions. To investigate the functional contributions of these three regions, we compared the chaperone activities of various constructs of human αB-crystallin (HSPB5) and heat-shock 27-kDa protein (Hsp27, HSPB1) during amyloid formation by α-synuclein and apolipoprotein C-II. Using an array of approaches, including thioflavin T fluorescence assays and sedimentation analysis, we found that the N-terminal region of Hsp27 and the terminal regions of αB-crystallin are important for delaying amyloid fibril nucleation and for disaggregating mature apolipoprotein C-II fibrils. We further show that the terminal regions are required for stable fibril binding by both sHSPs and for mediating lateral fibril-fibril association, which sequesters preformed fibrils into large aggregates and is believed to have a cytoprotective function. We conclude that although the isolated α-crystallin domain retains some chaperone activity against amyloid formation, the flanking domains contribute additional and important chaperone activities, both in delaying amyloid formation and in mediating interactions of sHSPs with amyloid aggregates. Both these chaperone activities have significant implications for the pathogenesis and progression of diseases associated with amyloid deposition, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Selig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Courtney O Zlatic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dezerae Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yee-Foong Mok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and the School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia .,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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36
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Ahmadpour D, Babazadeh R, Nystrom T. Hitchhiking on vesicles: a way to harness age-related proteopathies? FEBS J 2020; 287:5068-5079. [PMID: 32336030 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Central to proteopathies and leading to most age-related neurodegenerative disorders is a failure in protein quality control (PQC). To harness the toxicity of misfolded and damaged disease proteins, such proteins are either refolded, degraded by temporal PQC, or sequestered by spatial PQC into specific, organelle-associated, compartments within the cell. Here, we discuss the impact of vesicle trafficking pathways in general, and syntaxin 5 in particular, as key players in spatial PQC directing misfolded proteins to the surface of vacuole and mitochondria, which facilitates their clearance and detoxification. Since boosting vesicle trafficking genetically can positively impact on spatial PQC and make cells less sensitive to misfolded disease proteins, we speculate that regulators of such trafficking might serve as therapeutic targets for age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doryaneh Ahmadpour
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roja Babazadeh
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nystrom
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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37
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The Role of Proteostasis in the Regulation of Cardiac Intercellular Communication. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:279-302. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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38
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Manzano-López J, Monje-Casas F. Asymmetric cell division and replicative aging: a new perspective from the spindle poles. Curr Genet 2020; 66:719-727. [PMID: 32266430 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although cell division is usually portrayed as an equitable process by which a progenitor cell originates two identical daughter cells, there are multiple examples of asymmetric divisions that generate two cells that differ in their content, morphology and/or proliferative potential. The capacity of the cells to generate asymmetry during their division is of paramount biological relevance, playing essential roles during embryonic development, cellular regeneration and tissue morphogenesis. Problems with the proper establishment of asymmetry and polarity during cell division can give rise to cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as to also accelerate cellular aging. Interestingly, the microtubule organizing centers that orchestrate the formation of the mitotic spindle have been described among the cellular structures that can be differentially allocated during asymmetric cell divisions. This mini-review focuses on recent research from our group and others uncovering a role for the non-random distribution of the spindle-associated microtubule organizing centers in the differential distribution of aging factors during asymmetric mitoses and therefore in the maintenance of the replicative lifespan of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Manzano-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - University of Seville - University Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 24, P.C.T. Cartuja 93, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Fernando Monje-Casas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - University of Seville - University Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 24, P.C.T. Cartuja 93, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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39
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Thiruvalluvan A, de Mattos EP, Brunsting JF, Bakels R, Serlidaki D, Barazzuol L, Conforti P, Fatima A, Koyuncu S, Cattaneo E, Vilchez D, Bergink S, Boddeke EHWG, Copray S, Kampinga HH. DNAJB6, a Key Factor in Neuronal Sensitivity to Amyloidogenesis. Mol Cell 2020; 78:346-358.e9. [PMID: 32268123 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CAG-repeat expansions in at least eight different genes cause neurodegeneration. The length of the extended polyglutamine stretches in the corresponding proteins is proportionally related to their aggregation propensity. Although these proteins are ubiquitously expressed, they predominantly cause toxicity to neurons. To understand this neuronal hypersensitivity, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and Huntington's disease patients. iPSC generation and neuronal differentiation are unaffected by polyglutamine proteins and show no spontaneous aggregate formation. However, upon glutamate treatment, aggregates form in neurons but not in patient-derived neural progenitors. During differentiation, the chaperone network is drastically rewired, including loss of expression of the anti-amyloidogenic chaperone DNAJB6. Upregulation of DNAJB6 in neurons antagonizes glutamate-induced aggregation, while knockdown of DNAJB6 in progenitors results in spontaneous polyglutamine aggregation. Loss of DNAJB6 expression upon differentiation is confirmed in vivo, explaining why stem cells are intrinsically protected against amyloidogenesis and protein aggregates are dominantly present in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Thiruvalluvan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eduardo P de Mattos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanette F Brunsting
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Bakels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Despina Serlidaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Azra Fatima
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Seda Koyuncu
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H W G Boddeke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjef Copray
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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40
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Morrow CS, Porter TJ, Xu N, Arndt ZP, Ako-Asare K, Heo HJ, Thompson EAN, Moore DL. Vimentin Coordinates Protein Turnover at the Aggresome during Neural Stem Cell Quiescence Exit. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:558-568.e9. [PMID: 32109376 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining a healthy proteome throughout life is critical for proper somatic stem cell function, but the complexities of the stem cell response to increases in damaged or aggregated proteins remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that adult neural stem cells (NSCs) utilize aggresomes to recover from disrupted proteostasis and describe a novel function for the intermediate filament vimentin in proteostasis as a spatial coordinator of proteasomes to the aggresome. In the absence of vimentin, NSCs have a reduced capacity to exit quiescence, a time when NSCs are required to clear a wave of aggregated proteins, and demonstrate an early age-dependent decline in proliferation and neurogenesis. Taken together, these data reveal a significant role of vimentin and aggresomes in the regulation of proteostasis during quiescent NSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Morrow
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tiaira J Porter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zachary P Arndt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kayla Ako-Asare
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Helen J Heo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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41
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Nair SP, Sharma RK. Heat shock proteins and their expression in primary murine cardiac cell populations during ischemia and reperfusion. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:21-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a conserved strategy for achieving cell diversity. A cell can undergo an intrinsic ACD through asymmetric segregation of cell fate determinants or cellular organelles. Recently, a new biophysical concept known as biomolecular phase separation, through which proteins and/or RNAs autonomously form a highly concentrated non-membrane-enclosed compartment via multivalent interactions, has provided new insights into the assembly and regulation of many membrane-less or membrane-attached organelles. Intriguingly, biomolecular phase separation is suggested to drive asymmetric condensation of cell fate determinants during ACD as well as organization of cellular organelles involved in ACD. In this Perspective, I first summarize recent findings on the molecular basis governing intrinsic ACD. Then I will discuss how ACD might be regulated by formation of dense molecular assemblies via phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
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43
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Khorraminejad-Shirazi M, Dorvash M, Estedlal A, Hoveidaei AH, Mazloomrezaei M, Mosaddeghi P. Aging: A cell source limiting factor in tissue engineering. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:787-802. [PMID: 31692986 PMCID: PMC6828594 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has yet to reach its ideal goal, i.e. creating profitable off-the-shelf tissues and organs, designing scaffolds and three-dimensional tissue architectures that can maintain the blood supply, proper biomaterial selection, and identifying the most efficient cell source for use in cell therapy and tissue engineering. These are still the major challenges in this field. Regarding the identification of the most appropriate cell source, aging as a factor that affects both somatic and stem cells and limits their function and applications is a preventable and, at least to some extents, a reversible phenomenon. Here, we reviewed different stem cell types, namely embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and genetically modified stem cells, as well as their sources, i.e. autologous, allogeneic, and xenogeneic sources. Afterward, we approached aging by discussing the functional decline of aged stem cells and different intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are involved in stem cell aging including replicative senescence and Hayflick limit, autophagy, epigenetic changes, miRNAs, mTOR and AMPK pathways, and the role of mitochondria in stem cell senescence. Finally, various interventions for rejuvenation and geroprotection of stem cells are discussed. These interventions can be applied in cell therapy and tissue engineering methods to conquer aging as a limiting factor, both in original cell source and in the in vitro proliferated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Khorraminejad-Shirazi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Dorvash
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Alireza Estedlal
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Amir Human Hoveidaei
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazloomrezaei
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Pouria Mosaddeghi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
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44
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Fichtner M, Schuster S, Stark H. Determination of scoring functions for protein damage susceptibility. Biosystems 2019; 187:104035. [PMID: 31614190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein damage (partly followed by protein aggregation) plays a significant role in ageing, cancer and in neurodegenerative and other diseases. It is known that the proteinogenic amino acids differ in their susceptibility to non-enzymatic modification, such as hydroxylation, peroxidation, chlorination etc. In a novel bioinformatics approach, we introduce measures to quantify the susceptibility of the 20 standard proteinogenic amino acids to such modification. Based on these amino acid scores, we calculated different susceptibilities for 116,387 proteins, testing various scoring approaches. These approaches are based on review articles, text mining and a combination of both. We also show an application by combining the score information with a tool for visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fichtner
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Stefan Schuster
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Stark
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany; Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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45
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Abstract
Longevity reflects the ability to maintain homeostatic conditions necessary for life as an organism ages. A long-lived organism must contend not only with environmental hazards but also with internal entropy and macromolecular damage that result in the loss of fitness during ageing, a phenomenon known as senescence. Although central to many of the core concepts in biology, ageing and longevity have primarily been investigated in sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms. However, growing evidence suggests that microorganisms undergo senescence, and can also exhibit extreme longevity. In this Review, we integrate theoretical and empirical insights to establish a unified perspective on senescence and longevity. We discuss the evolutionary origins, genetic mechanisms and functional consequences of microbial ageing. In addition to having biomedical implications, insights into microbial ageing shed light on the role of ageing in the origin of life and the upper limits to longevity.
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46
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Ali Q, Dainese R, Cvijovic M. Adaptive damage retention mechanism enables healthier yeast population. J Theor Biol 2019; 473:52-66. [PMID: 30980870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During cytokinesis in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) damaged proteins are distributed asymmetrically between the daughter and the mother cell. Retention of damaged proteins is a crucial mechanism ensuring a healthy daughter cell with full replicative potential and an ageing mother cell. However, the protein quality control (PQC) system is tuned for optimal reproduction success which suggests optimal health and size of the population, rather than long-term survival of the mother cell. Modelling retention of damage as an adaptable mechanism, we propose two damage retention strategies to find an optimal way of decreasing damage retention efficiency to maximize population size and minimize the damage in the individual yeast cell. A pedigree model is used to investigate the impact of small variations in the strategies over the whole population. These impacts are based on the altruistic effects of damage retention mechanism and are measured by a cost function whose minimum value provides the optimal health and size of the population. We showed that fluctuations in the cost function allow yeast cell to continuously vary its strategy, suggesting that optimal reproduction success is a local minimum of the cost function. Our results suggest that a rapid decrease in the efficiency of damage retention, at the time when the mother cell is almost exhausted, produces fewer daughters with high levels of damaged proteins. In addition, retaining more damage during the early divisions increases the number of healthy daughters in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Ali
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Chalmers tvärgata 3, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, NC 27607, USA
| | - Riccardo Dainese
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Chalmers tvärgata 3, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marija Cvijovic
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Chalmers tvärgata 3, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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47
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Zahedi A, Phandthong R, Chaili A, Leung S, Omaiye E, Talbot P. Mitochondrial Stress Response in Neural Stem Cells Exposed to Electronic Cigarettes. iScience 2019; 16:250-269. [PMID: 31200115 PMCID: PMC6562374 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells provide a sensitive model to study exposure to toxicants, such as cigarette smoke. Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are popular nicotine delivery devices, often targeted to youth and pregnant mothers. However, little is known about how chemicals in ECs might affect neural stem cells, and in particular their mitochondria, organelles that maintain cell functionality and health. Here we show that the mechanism underlying EC-induced stem cell toxicity is stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion (SIMH), a transient survival response accompanied by increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. We identify SIMH as a survival response to nicotine, now widely available in EC refill fluids and in pure form for do-it-yourself EC products. These observed mitochondrial alterations combined with autophagy dysfunction to clear damaged mitochondria could lead to faulty stem cell populations, accelerate cellular aging, and lead to acquired mitochondriopathies. Any nicotine-containing product may likewise stress stem cells with long-term repercussions for users and passively exposed individuals. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Zahedi
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; UCR Stem Cell Center and Core, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Rattapol Phandthong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; UCR Stem Cell Center and Core, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Angela Chaili
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Sara Leung
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Esther Omaiye
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; UCR Stem Cell Center and Core, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Prue Talbot
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; UCR Stem Cell Center and Core, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA.
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48
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Denoth-Lippuner A, Jessberger S. Mechanisms of cellular rejuvenation. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3381-3392. [PMID: 31197818 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to changes on an organismal but also cellular level. However, the exact mechanisms of cellular aging in mammals remain poorly understood and the identity and functional role of aging factors, some of which have previously been defined in model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, remain elusive. Remarkably, during cellular reprogramming most if not all aging hallmarks are erased, offering a novel entry point to study aging and rejuvenation on a cellular level. On the other hand, direct reprogramming of old cells into cells of a different fate preserves many aging signs. Therefore, investigating the process of reprogramming and comparing it to direct reprogramming may yield novel insights about the clearing of aging factors, which is the basis of rejuvenation. Here, we discuss how reprogramming might lead to rejuvenation of a cell, an organ, or even the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Denoth-Lippuner
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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49
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The Best for the Most Important: Maintaining a Pristine Proteome in Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1608787. [PMID: 31191665 PMCID: PMC6525796 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1608787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells give rise to reproductively enabled offsprings by generating progressively lineage-restricted multipotent stem cells that would differentiate into lineage-committed stem and progenitor cells. These lineage-committed stem and progenitor cells give rise to all adult tissues and organs. Adult stem and progenitor cells are generated as part of the developmental program and play critical roles in tissue and organ maintenance and/or regeneration. The ability of pluripotent stem cells to self-renew, maintain pluripotency, and differentiate into a multicellular organism is highly dependent on sensing and integrating extracellular and extraorganismal cues. Proteins perform and integrate almost all cellular functions including signal transduction, regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and cell division and death. Therefore, maintenance of an appropriate mix of correctly folded proteins, a pristine proteome, is essential for proper stem cell function. The stem cells' proteome must be pristine because unfolded, misfolded, or otherwise damaged proteins would interfere with unlimited self-renewal, maintenance of pluripotency, differentiation into downstream lineages, and consequently with the development of properly functioning tissue and organs. Understanding how various stem cells generate and maintain a pristine proteome is therefore essential for exploiting their potential in regenerative medicine and possibly for the discovery of novel approaches for maintaining, propagating, and differentiating pluripotent, multipotent, and adult stem cells as well as induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we will summarize cellular networks used by various stem cells for generation and maintenance of a pristine proteome. We will also explore the coordination of these networks with one another and their integration with the gene regulatory and signaling networks.
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50
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Ogrodnik M, Salmonowicz H, Gladyshev VN. Integrating cellular senescence with the concept of damage accumulation in aging: Relevance for clearance of senescent cells. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12841. [PMID: 30346102 PMCID: PMC6351832 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the aging process and ways to manipulate it is of major importance for biology and medicine. Among the many aging theories advanced over the years, the concept most consistent with experimental evidence posits the buildup of numerous forms of molecular damage as a foundation of the aging process. Here, we discuss that this concept integrates well with recent findings on cellular senescence, offering a novel view on the role of senescence in aging and age‐related disease. Cellular senescence has a well‐established role in cellular aging, but its impact on the rate of organismal aging is less defined. One of the most prominent features of cellular senescence is its association with macromolecular damage. The relationship between cell senescence and damage concerns both damage as a molecular signal of senescence induction and accelerated accumulation of damage in senescent cells. We describe the origin, regulatory mechanisms, and relevance of various damage forms in senescent cells. This view on senescent cells as carriers and inducers of damage puts new light on senescence, considering it as a significant contributor to the rise in organismal damage. Applying these ideas, we critically examine current evidence for a role of cellular senescence in aging and age‐related diseases. We also discuss the differential impact of longevity interventions on senescence burden and other types of age‐related damage. Finally, we propose a model on the role of aging‐related damage accumulation and the rate of aging observed upon senescent cell clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences; Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Hanna Salmonowicz
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences; Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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