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Mazerolles F. New expression of PD-L1 on activated CD4 + T cells opens up new opportunities for cell interactions and signaling. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110831. [PMID: 38870593 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Surface expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is mainly observed on antigen presenting cells (APC) such as monocytes or dendritic cells (DCs). Our results showing a high expression of PD-L1 on human naïve CD4+ effector T-cells (TEFFs) and CD4+ regulatory T cells (TREGs) after activation with human DCs, allow us to propose a new role for PD-L1 and its ligands and their potential impact on new signaling pathways. Indeed, expression of PD-L1 on activated CD4+T cells could allow cis interaction with its ligands such as PD-1 and CD80, thus disrupting interactions with other signaling receptors, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) or CD28, which interact with CD80. The ability to compete with hypothetical configuration modifications that may cause a change in affinity/avidity for the trans and cis interactions between these proteins expressed on T cells and/or DCs is discussed. As the study of cancer is strongly influenced by the role of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway and CD4+T cells, new interactions, cis and/or trans, between TEFFs, TREGs and tumor cells are also proposed. The presence of PD-L1 on activated CD4+ T cells could influence the quality of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response during priming to provide other help signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Mazerolles
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Paediatric Autoimmunity, Mixed Research Unit 1163, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Imagine Institute Paris, Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.
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2
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Scroggins SM, Schlueter AJ. Generation of Human Regulatory Dendritic Cells from Cryopreserved Healthy Donor Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Cells 2023; 12:2372. [PMID: 37830587 PMCID: PMC10571850 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) remains a significant complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), despite improved human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and advances in prophylactic treatment regimens. Previous studies have shown promising results for future regulatory dendritic cell (DCreg) therapies in the amelioration of GVHD. This study evaluates the effects of cryopreservation on the generation of DCreg, the generation of young and older DCreg in serum-free media, and the feasibility of generating DCreg from young and older HSCT patient monocytes. DCregs were generated in X-vivo 15 serum-free media from donor or patient monocytes. This study includes the use of monocytes from young and older healthy, donor, and HSCT patients with varying hematological diseases. Phenotypic differences in cell populations were assessed via flow cytometry while pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production was evaluated in culture medium. The number of DCreg generated from cryopreserved monocytes of healthy donors was not significantly different from freshly isolated monocytes. DCreg generated from cryopreserved monocytes had comparable levels of co-stimulatory molecule expression, inhibitory molecule expression, and cytokine production as freshly isolated monocytes. Young and older healthy donor monocytes generated similar numbers of DCreg with similar cytokine production and phenotype. Although monocytes from older HSCT patients generated significantly fewer DCreg, DCreg from young and older HSCT patients had comparable phenotypes and cytokine production. Monocytes from young and older myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients generated reduced numbers of DCreg compared to non-MDS-derived DCreg. We demonstrate that the cryopreservation of monocytes from HSCT patients of varying hematological diseases allows for the cost-effective generation of DCreg on an as-needed basis. Although the generation of DCreg from MDS patients requires further assessment, these data support the possibility of in vitro-generated DCreg as a therapy to reduce GVHD-associated morbidity and mortality in young and older HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M. Scroggins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota-Duluth, 1035 University Drive, 341 SMED, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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Gonçalves‐Pereira MH, Santiago L, Ravetti CG, Vassallo PF, de Andrade MVM, Vieira MS, de Fátima Souza de Oliveira F, Carobin NV, Li G, de Paula Sabino A, Nobre V, da Costa Santiago H. Dysfunctional phenotype of systemic and pulmonary regulatory T cells associate with lethal COVID-19 cases. Immunology 2023; 168:684-696. [PMID: 36349514 PMCID: PMC9877711 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe cases of COVID-19 present hyperinflammatory condition that can be fatal. Little is known about the role of regulatory responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we evaluated the phenotype of regulatory T cells in the blood (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) and the lungs (broncho-alveolar) of adult patients with severe COVID-19 under invasive mechanical ventilation. Our results show important dynamic variation on Treg cells phenotype during COVID-19 with changes in number and functional parameters from the day of intubation (Day 1 of intensive care unit admission) to Day 7. We observed that compared with surviving patients, non-survivors presented lower numbers of Treg cells in the blood. In addition, lung Tregs of non-survivors also displayed higher PD1 and lower FOXP3 expressions suggesting dysfunctional phenotype. Further signs of Treg dysregulation were observed in non-survivors such as limited production of IL-10 in the lungs and higher production of IL-17A in the blood and in the lungs, which were associated with increased PD1 expression. These findings were also associated with lower pulmonary levels of Treg-stimulating factors like TNF and IL-2. Tregs in the blood and lungs are profoundly dysfunctional in non-surviving COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Helena Gonçalves‐Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e ImunologiaInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Luciana Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e ImunologiaInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
- Hospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
- Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Medicina IntensivaDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Cecilia Gómez Ravetti
- Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Medicina IntensivaDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Paula Frizera Vassallo
- Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Medicina IntensivaDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Melo de Andrade
- Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Medicina IntensivaDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Mariana Sousa Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e ImunologiaInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | | | - Natália Virtude Carobin
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e ToxicológicasFaculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Guangzhao Li
- Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Adriano de Paula Sabino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e ToxicológicasFaculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Vandack Nobre
- Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Medicina IntensivaDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Helton da Costa Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e ImunologiaInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
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Abdeladhim M, Karnell JL, Rieder SA. In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033705. [PMID: 36591244 PMCID: PMC9799097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the master regulators of immunity and they have been implicated in different disease states such as infection, autoimmunity and cancer. Since their discovery, many studies have focused on understanding Treg development, differentiation, and function. While there are many players in the generation and function of truly suppressive Tregs, the role of checkpoint pathways in these processes have been studied extensively. In this paper, we systematically review the role of different checkpoint pathways in Treg homeostasis and function. We describe how co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways modulate Treg homeostasis and function and highlight data from mouse and human studies. Multiple checkpoint pathways are being targeted in cancer and autoimmunity; therefore, we share insights from the clinic and discuss the effect of experimental and approved therapeutics on Treg biology.
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Zhao F, Zhu J, Yu R, Shao T, Chen S, Zhang G, Shu Q. Cutaneous adverse events in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors and their association with survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20038. [PMID: 36414662 PMCID: PMC9681870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-related cutaneous adverse events (irCAEs) in patients treated with programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors may be associated with better clinical outcomes. However, the extent to which these results can be extrapolated to all tumour types remains unclear. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis of patients with cancer receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, to determine the cumulative incidence of irCAEs and their association with survival. We systematically searched six databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, CSPD, and CQVIP database) for all cohort studies reporting the relationship between irCAEs and patient survival from the time of database construction to 1 November, 2020. The primary outcomes were objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), with complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) as secondary outcomes. Patients with irCAEs exhibited higher ORR, and were more likely to report CR and PR and less likely to develop PD than those who did not experience irCAEs. Moreover, the occurrence of irCAEs was significantly associated with both favourable PFS and OS. Therefore, patients with irCAEs have better survival benefit and a significantly lower risk of tumour progression or death. Hence, the occurrence of irCAEs may be a useful marker for predicting the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Zhao
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Junjing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Jiaxing TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Jiaxing, 314033 Zhejiang China
| | - Rui Yu
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Tianyu Shao
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- grid.417400.60000 0004 1799 0055Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China
| | - Gaochenxi Zhang
- grid.417400.60000 0004 1799 0055Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China
| | - Qijin Shu
- grid.417400.60000 0004 1799 0055Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China ,grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
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Laba S, Mallett G, Amarnath S. The depths of PD-1 function within the tumor microenvironment beyond CD8 + T cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1045-1055. [PMID: 34048897 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1; CD279) is a cell surface receptor that is expressed in both innate and adaptive immune cells. The role of PD-1 in adaptive immune cells, specifically in CD8+ T cells, has been thoroughly investigated but its significance in other immune cells is yet to be well established. This review will address the role of PD-1 based therapies in enhancing non-CD8+ T cell immune responses within cancer. Specifically, the expression and function of PD-1 in non-CD8+ immune cell compartments such as CD4+ T helper cell subsets, myeloid cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) will be discussed. By understanding the immune cell specific function of PD-1 within tissue resident innate and adaptive immune cells, it will be possible to stratify patients for PD-1 based therapies for both immunogeneic and non-immunogeneic neoplastic disorders. With this knowledge from fundamental and translational studies, PD-1 based therapies can be utilized to enhance T cell independent immune responses in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Laba
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Grace Mallett
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process that dynamically alters the surrounding microenvironment, including participating immune cells. As a well-protected organ surrounded by specialized barriers and with immune privilege properties, the central nervous system (CNS) tightly regulates immune responses. Yet in neuroinflammatory conditions, pathogenic immunity can disrupt CNS structure and function. T cells in particular play a key role in promoting and restricting neuroinflammatory responses, while the inflamed CNS microenvironment can influence and reshape T cell function and identity. Still, the contraction of aberrant T cell responses within the CNS is not well understood. Using autoimmunity as a model, here we address the contribution of CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets in promoting neuropathology and disease. To address the mechanisms antagonizing neuroinflammation, we focus on the control of the immune response by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and describe the counteracting processes that preserve their identity under inflammatory challenges. Finally, given the influence of the local microenvironment on immune regulation, we address how CNS-intrinsic signals reshape T cell function to mitigate abnormal immune T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Benallegue
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Hania Kebir
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jorge I. Alvarez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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8
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Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1710. [PMID: 35406483 PMCID: PMC8996886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that serve to enhance effector T-cell anti-tumor responses has strongly improved success rates in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The currently approved ICI constitute monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1. By this, the T-cell-inhibitory CTLA-4/CD80/86 and PD-1/PD-1L/2L signaling axes are inhibited. This leads to sustained effector T-cell activity and circumvents the immune evasion of tumor cells, which frequently upregulate PD-L1 expression and modulate immune checkpoint molecule expression on leukocytes. As a result, profound clinical responses are observed in 40-60% of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite the pivotal role of T effector cells for triggering anti-tumor immunity, mounting evidence indicates that ICI efficacy may also be attributable to other cell types than T effector cells. In particular, emerging research has shown that ICI also impacts innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells, which may amplify tumoricidal functions beyond triggering T effector cells, and thus improves clinical efficacy. Effects of ICI on non-T cells may additionally explain, in part, the character and extent of adverse effects associated with treatment. Deeper knowledge of these effects is required to further develop ICI treatment in terms of responsiveness of patients to treatment, to overcome resistance to ICI and to alleviate adverse effects. In this review we give an overview into the currently known immunomodulatory effects of ICI treatment in immune cell types other than the T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (S.G.)
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9
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Richardson ZA, Deleage C, Tutuka CSA, Walkiewicz M, Del Río-Estrada PM, Pascoe RD, Evans VA, Reyesteran G, Gonzales M, Roberts-Thomson S, González-Navarro M, Torres-Ruiz F, Estes JD, Lewin SR, Cameron PU. Multiparameter immunohistochemistry analysis of HIV DNA, RNA and immune checkpoints in lymph node tissue. J Immunol Methods 2022; 501:113198. [PMID: 34863818 PMCID: PMC9036546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The main barrier to a cure for HIV is the persistence of long-lived and proliferating latently infected CD4+ T-cells despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Latency is well characterized in multiple CD4+ T-cell subsets, however, the contribution of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) expressing FoxP3 as well as immune checkpoints (ICs) PD-1 and CTLA-4 as targets for productive and latent HIV infection in people living with HIV on suppressive ART is less well defined. We used multiplex detection of HIV DNA and RNA with immunohistochemistry (mIHC) on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cells to simultaneously detect HIV RNA and DNA and cellular markers. HIV DNA and RNA were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) (RNA/DNAscope) and IHC was used to detect cellular markers (CD4, PD-1, FoxP3, and CTLA-4) by incorporating the tyramide system amplification (TSA) system. We evaluated latently infected cell lines, a primary cell model of HIV latency and excisional lymph node (LN) biopsies collected from people living with HIV (PLWH) on and off ART. We clearly detected infected cells that coexpressed HIV RNA and DNA (active replication) and DNA only (latently infected cells) in combination with IHC markers in the in vitro infection model as well as LN tissue from PLWH both on and off ART. Combining ISH targeting HIV RNA and DNA with IHC provides a platform to detect and quantify HIV persistence within cells identified by multiple markers in tissue samples from PLWH on ART or to study HIV latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwena A Richardson
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire Deleage
- Frederick National Laboratories for Cancer Research, MD, Frederick, United States of America
| | - Candani S A Tutuka
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia; La Trobe School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marzena Walkiewicz
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Centre Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Perla M Del Río-Estrada
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermdades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratoriras, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rachel D Pascoe
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa A Evans
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gustavo Reyesteran
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermdades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratoriras, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Gonzales
- Pathology Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Mauricio González-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermdades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratoriras, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Torres-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermdades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratoriras, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul U Cameron
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; La Trobe School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Launceston General Hospital, Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.
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Potential Role of CXCL13/CXCR5 Signaling in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020294. [PMID: 35053457 PMCID: PMC8774093 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy is currently the backbone of new drug treatments for many cancer patients. CXC chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) is an important factor involved in recruiting immune cells that express CXC chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) in the tumor microenvironment and serves as a key molecular determinant of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) formation. An increasing number of studies have identified the influence of CXCL13 on prognosis in patients with cancer, regardless of the use of immunotherapy treatment. However, no comprehensive reviews of the role of CXCL13 in cancer immunotherapy have been published to date. This review aims to provide an overview of the CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling axis to summarize its mechanisms of action in cancer cells and lymphocytes, in addition to effects on immunity and cancer pathobiology, and its potential as a biomarker for the response to cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including antibodies that target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), represent some of the most important breakthroughs in new drug development for oncology therapy from the past decade. CXC chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) exclusively binds CXC chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5), which plays a critical role in immune cell recruitment and activation and the regulation of the adaptive immune response. CXCL13 is a key molecular determinant of the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), which are organized aggregates of T, B, and dendritic cells that participate in the adaptive antitumor immune response. CXCL13 may also serve as a prognostic and predictive factor, and the role played by CXCL13 in some ICI-responsive tumor types has gained intense interest. This review discusses how CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling modulates cancer and immune cells to promote lymphocyte infiltration, activation by tumor antigens, and differentiation to increase the antitumor immune response. We also summarize recent preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the ICI-therapeutic implications of targeting the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis and discuss the potential role of this signaling pathway in cancer immunotherapy.
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11
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PD-L1 is expressed on human activated naive effector CD4+ T cells. Regulation by dendritic cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260206. [PMID: 34793567 PMCID: PMC8601581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell expression of various co-signalling receptors from the CD28 immunoglobulin superfamily (Inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS), Programmed cell death 1(PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) or from the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family related (GITR), 4-1BB, and CD27), is essential for T cell responses regulation. Other receptors (such as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3, T cell immunoglobulin and T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), and lymphocyte activation gene 3) are also involved in this regulation. Disturbance of the balance between activating and inhibitory signals can induce autoimmunity. We have developed an in vitro assay to simultaneously assess the function of naive CD4+ effector T cells (TEFFs), dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T cells (TREGs) and the expression of co-signalling receptors. By running the assay on cells from healthy adult, we investigated the regulation of activated T cell proliferation and phenotypes. We observed that TEFFs activated by DCs mainly expressed BTLA, ICOS and PD-1, whereas activated TREGs mainly expressed TIGIT, ICOS, and CD27. Strikingly, we observed that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was significantly expressed on both activated TEFFs and TREGs. Moreover, high PD-L1 expression on activated TEFFs was correlated with a higher index of proliferation. Lastly, and in parallel to the TREG-mediated suppression of TEFF proliferation, we observed the specific modulation of the surface expression of PD-L1 (but not other markers) on activated TEFFs. Our results suggest that the regulation of T cell proliferation is correlated with the specific expression of PD-L1 on activated TEFFs.
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12
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Song Q, Kong X, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Murine Models Provide New Insights Into Pathogenesis of Chronic Graft- Versus-Host Disease in Humans. Front Immunol 2021; 12:700857. [PMID: 34539630 PMCID: PMC8446193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.700857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative therapy for hematologic malignancies, but its success is complicated by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD can be divided into acute and chronic types. Acute GVHD represents an acute alloimmune inflammatory response initiated by donor T cells that recognize recipient alloantigens. Chronic GVHD has a more complex pathophysiology involving donor-derived T cells that recognize recipient-specific antigens, donor-specific antigens, and antigens shared by the recipient and donor. Antibodies produced by donor B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD but not acute GVHD. Acute GVHD can often be effectively controlled by treatment with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressant for a period of weeks, but successful control of chronic GVHD requires much longer treatment. Therefore, chronic GVHD remains the major cause of long-term morbidity and mortality after allo-HCT. Murine models of allo-HCT have made great contributions to our understanding pathogenesis of acute and chronic GVHD. In this review, we summarize new mechanistic findings from murine models of chronic GVHD, and we discuss the relevance of these insights to chronic GVHD pathogenesis in humans and their potential impact on clinical prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Song
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Kong
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Paul J Martin
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Defu Zeng
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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13
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Lee MY, Park CJ, Cho YU, You E, Jang S, Seo EJ, Lee JH, Yoon DH, Suh C. Immune Checkpoint Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1) Expression on Bone Marrow T Cell Subsets in Patients With Plasma Cell Myeloma. Ann Lab Med 2021; 41:259-267. [PMID: 33303710 PMCID: PMC7748102 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2021.41.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is caused by immune dysregulation. We evaluated the expression of immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) on T cell subsets in PCM patients according to disease course and cytogenetic abnormalities. This study aimed to find a target group suitable for therapeutic use of PD-1 blockade in PCM. Methods A total of 188 bone marrow (BM) samples from 166 PCM patients and 32 controls were prospectively collected between May 2016 and May 2017. PD-1 expression on BM T cell subsets was measured using flow cytometry. Results At diagnosis, the median PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells was 24.6%, which did not significantly differ from that in controls. After stem cell transplantation, PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells was higher than that at diagnosis (P<0.001), regardless of residual disease. PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells in patients with residual disease after chemotherapy was significantly higher than that at diagnosis (P=0.001) and after complete remission following chemotherapy (P=0.044). PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells was higher in PCM patients with cytogenetic abnormalities, including monosomy 13, 1q gain, complex karyotype, and hypodiploidy. Conclusions PD-1 blockade might have therapeutic potential in refractory PCM patients after chemotherapy, especially in those with high- or intermediate-risk cytogenetic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital, Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Jeoung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Uk Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunkyoung You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Baik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Seongsoo Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eul Ju Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dok Hyun Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheolwon Suh
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Trogocytosis between Non-Immune Cells for Cell Clearance, and among Immune-Related Cells for Modulating Immune Responses and Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052236. [PMID: 33668117 PMCID: PMC7956485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The term trogocytosis refers to a rapid bidirectional and active transfer of surface membrane fragment and associated proteins between cells. The trogocytosis requires cell-cell contact, and exhibits fast kinetics and the limited lifetime of the transferred molecules on the surface of the acceptor cells. The biological actions of trogocytosis include information exchange, cell clearance of unwanted tissues in embryonic development, immunoregulation, cancer surveillance/evasion, allogeneic cell survival and infectious pathogen killing or intercellular transmission. In the present review, we will extensively review all these aspects. In addition to its biological significance, aberrant trogocytosis in the immune system leading to autoimmunity and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases will also be discussed. Finally, the prospective investigations for further understanding the molecular basis of trogocytosis and its clinical applications will also be proposed.
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15
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071937. [PMID: 32708945 PMCID: PMC7409293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the oral cavity cause significant cancer-related death worldwide. While survival rates have improved in recent years, new methods of treatment are being investigated to limit disease progression and to improve outcomes, particularly in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). The emerging treatment modality of immunotherapy targets immune checkpoint molecules including PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, and TIM-3 to enhance the host immune response against tumours, and to limit the growth and progression of cancer cells. In this systematic review, we searched five databases for keywords pertaining to oral cancers and OPMDs, along with immune checkpoint inhibitors, in order to summarize the current status of their use and efficacy in these diseases. A total of 644 different articles were identified between 2004 and 2019, with 76 deemed suitable for inclusion in the study, providing a total of 8826 samples. Combined results show expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the majority of OPMD and OSCC samples, with expression correlating with increased progression and decreased survival rates. Immunotherapy agents pembrolizumab and nivolumab target PD-1 and have been shown to prolong survival rates and improve disease outcomes, especially in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Despite the equivocal nature of current evidence, there is support for the prognostic and predictive value of immune checkpoint molecules, especially PD-L1, and many studies provide support for the effective use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the management of OSCC. Limited data is available for OPMD, therefore this should be the focus of future research.
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16
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Amarnath S, Brown ML. Harnessing proteases for T regulatory cell immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:770-778. [PMID: 32383480 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is tightly regulated by a subset of T cells defined as regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs maintain immune homeostasis by restraining unwarranted immune cell activation and effector function. Here, we discuss an important but underappreciated role of proteases in controlling Treg function. Proteases regulate a number of vital processes that determine T cell immune responses and some of them such as furin, ADAM (through regulating LAG receptor), MALT, and asparaginyl endopeptidase are implicated in Treg immunobiology. Targeted protease inhibition, using either small molecule inhibitors or gene deficient mice has demonstrated their specificity in modulating Treg function in experimental murine models. These data further highlight the ability of proteases to specifically regulate Tregs but no other T effector lineages. Taken together, it is apparent that incorporating proteases as targets within Treg cell engineering protocols may enable generation of robust Treg cellular therapeutics. These engineered Tregs may possess enhanced regulatory function along with resistance to lineage deviation in inflammatory disease such as colitis and graft versus host disease. Within this review, we summarize research on the role of proteases in regulating Treg function and discuss the translational potential of harnessing Treg function by targeting protease driven regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoba Amarnath
- NUTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marnie L Brown
- NUTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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17
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Beauford SS, Kumari A, Garnett-Benson C. Ionizing radiation modulates the phenotype and function of human CD4+ induced regulatory T cells. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:18. [PMID: 32299365 PMCID: PMC7164225 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of advanced cancer is rapidly increasing. Most immunotherapies rely on induction of CD8+ tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells that are capable of directly killing cancer cells. Tumors, however, utilize a variety of mechanisms that can suppress anti-tumor immunity. CD4+ regulatory T cells can directly inhibit cytotoxic T cell activity and these cells can be recruited, or induced, by cancer cells allowing escape from immune attack. The use of ionizing radiation as a treatment for cancer has been shown to enhance anti-tumor immunity by several mechanisms including immunogenic tumor cell death and phenotypic modulation of tumor cells. Less is known about the impact of radiation directly on suppressive regulatory T cells. In this study we investigate the direct effect of radiation on human TREG viability, phenotype, and suppressive activity. RESULTS Both natural and TGF-β1-induced CD4+ TREG cells exhibited increased resistance to radiation (10 Gy) as compared to CD4+ conventional T cells. Treatment, however, decreased Foxp3 expression in natural and induced TREG cells and the reduction was more robust in induced TREGS. Radiation also modulated the expression of signature iTREG molecules, inducing increased expression of LAG-3 and decreased expression of CD25 and CTLA-4. Despite the disconcordant modulation of suppressive molecules, irradiated iTREGS exhibited a reduced capacity to suppress the proliferation of CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that while human TREG cells are more resistant to radiation-induced death, treatment causes downregulation of Foxp3 expression, as well as modulation in the expression of TREG signature molecules associated with suppressive activity. Functionally, irradiated TGF-β1-induced TREGS were less effective at inhibiting CD8+ T cell proliferation. These data suggest that doses of radiotherapy in the hypofractionated range could be utilized to effectively target and reduce TREG activity, particularly when used in combination with cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Beauford
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Anita Kumari
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Charlie Garnett-Benson
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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18
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Pellegrino M, Traversi G, Arena A, Cappa M, Rosado MM, Andreani M, Delfino DV, Moretti F, Fierabracci A. Effect of p53 activation through targeting MDM2/MDM4 heterodimer on T regulatory and effector cells in the peripheral blood of Type 1 diabetes patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228296. [PMID: 31995625 PMCID: PMC6988923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various immunotherapies for the treatment of type 1 diabetes are currently under investigation. Some of these aim to rescue the remaining beta cells from autoimmune attack caused by the disease. Among the strategies employed, p53 has been envisaged as a possible target for immunomodulation. We studied the possible effect of p53 activation on Treg subsets and Treg/Teff balance in type 1 diabetes patients' PBMC. Upon p53 activation, we observed an increase in CD8+ Treg and activated CD8+ Teff whilst CD8+ Teff cells significantly decreased in healthy PBMC when stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28. No effect was detected on percentages of CD4+ Treg, while a reduction was seen in CD4+ Teff cells and an increase in activated CD4+ Teff cells. In patients' PBMC, upon p53 activation followed by 6 days of anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation, CD8+ Treg and activated CD8+ Teff were increased while CD8+ Teff were decreased. No differences were detected in the CD4+ counterparts. CD8+ Teff PD1+, CD8+ Teff PD1low were increased upon p53 activation in type 1 diabetics compared to controls while CD8+ Teff PD1high were increased in both groups. The same increased percentages were detected for CD4+ counterparts. CD4+ Treg PD1high cells were decreased in diabetics upon p53 activation at day 6 of anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation. In conclusion, a Teff dysregulation is observed upon p53 activation suggesting that molecules promoting p53 cannot be used for therapy in type 1 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Pellegrino
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Traversi
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Endocrinology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Manuela Rosado
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Andreani
- Transplantation Immunogenetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico V. Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabiola Moretti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Solute carrier transporters: the metabolic gatekeepers of immune cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:61-78. [PMID: 31993307 PMCID: PMC6977534 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLC) transporters meditate many essential physiological functions, including nutrient uptake, ion influx/efflux, and waste disposal. In its protective role against tumors and infections, the mammalian immune system coordinates complex signals to support the proliferation, differentiation, and effector function of individual cell subsets. Recent research in this area has yielded surprising findings on the roles of solute carrier transporters, which were discovered to regulate lymphocyte signaling and control their differentiation, function, and fate by modulating diverse metabolic pathways and balanced levels of different metabolites. In this review, we present current information mainly on glucose transporters, amino-acid transporters, and metal ion transporters, which are critically important for mediating immune cell homeostasis in many different pathological conditions.
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Key Words
- 3-PG, 3-phosphoglyceric acid
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor
- AP-1, activator protein 1
- ASCT2, alanine serine and cysteine transporter system 2
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BCR, B cell receptor
- BMDMs, bone marrow-derived macrophages
- CD45R, a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- DC, dendritic cells
- EAATs, excitatory amino acid transporters
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERRα, estrogen related receptor alpha
- FFA, free fatty acids
- G-6-P, glucose 6-phosphate
- GLUT, glucose transporters
- GSH, glutathione
- Glucose
- Glutamine
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
- HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1
- Hk1, hexokinase-1
- IFNβ, interferon beta
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IKKβ, IκB kinase beta subunit
- IL, interleukin
- LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Lymphocytes
- Lyn, tyrosine-protein kinase
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCT, monocarboxylate transporters
- MS, multiple sclerosis
- Metal ion
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOD2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2
- PEG2, prostaglandin E2
- PI-3K/AKT, phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase/serine–threonine kinase
- PPP, pentose phosphate pathway
- Pfk, phosphofructokinase
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RLR, RIG-I-like receptor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLC, solute carrier
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- SNAT, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters
- STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription
- Solute carrier
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRPM7, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7
- Teffs, effector T cells
- Th1/2/17, type 1/2/17 helper T cells
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ZIP, zrt/irt-like proteins
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- iTregs, induced regulatory T cells
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
- α-KG, α-ketoglutaric acid
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He JG, Li BB, Zhou L, Yan D, Xie QL, Zhao W. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxgenase-transfected mesenchymal stem cells suppress heart allograft rejection by increasing the production and activity of dendritic cells and regulatory T cells. J Investig Med 2019; 68:728-737. [PMID: 31892638 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is thought to contribute to MSC-mediated immunosuppression. A lentiviral-based transgenic system was used to generate bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) which stably expressed IDO (IDO-BMSCs). Coculture of IDO-BMSCs with dendritic cells (DC) or T cells was used to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of IDO-BMSCs. A heterotopic heart transplant model in rats was used to evaluate allograft rejection after IDO-BMSC treatment. Mechanisms of IDO-BMSC-mediated immunosuppression were investigated by evaluating levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and production of Tregs. A significant decrease in DC marker-positive cells and a significant increase in Tregs were observed in IDO-BMSC cocultured. Treatment of transplanted rats with IDO-BMSCs was associated with significantly prolonged graft survival. Compared with the control groups, transplanted animals treated with IDO-BMSCs had a (1) significantly higher ejection fraction and fractional shortening, (2) significantly lower expression of CD86, CD80, and MHCII, and significantly higher expression in CD274, and Tregs, and (3) significantly higher levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β2, and TGF-β3, and significantly lower levels of IL-2 and interferon gamma. Our results expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying suppression of heart allograft rejection via IDO-expressing BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Gang He
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Bei-Bei Li
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Intensive Care Unit, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Qiao-Li Xie
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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21
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Matsuo M, Yasumatsu R, Masuda M, Toh S, Wakasaki T, Hashimoto K, Taura M, Uchi R, Nakagawa T. Relationship between immune-related adverse events and the long-term outcomes in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab. Oral Oncol 2019; 101:104525. [PMID: 31863963 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been shown to be associated with higher antitumor responses and a clinical benefit in non-small cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma patients. However, little is known regarding the association between irAEs and the clinical effect of nivolumab for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/MHNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 108 patients treated with nivolumab for R/MHNSCC at 2 participating institutions. IrAEs were identified and profiled. We analyzed the association of each immune-related adverse effect with the clinical outcome of the patients. RESULTS Among 108 patients, the objective response rate (ORR) was 29.6% (32/108 patients), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 50.0% (54/108 patients). IrAEs were observed in 41 patients (38.0%). Patients with irAEs had a significantly higher ORR and DCR than those without irAEs (46.3% vs. 19.4%, P = 0.004 and 75.6% vs. 34.3%, P < 0.001, respectively). The median progression-free and overall survival rates in patients with irAEs were significantly longer than in those without irAEs. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant relationship between irAEs and efficacy in R/MHNSCC patients treated with nivolumab. Our results indicate that the development of irAEs may aid in the earlier prediction of anticancer effects in patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC during nivolumab monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mioko Matsuo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yasumatsu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Muneyuki Masuda
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan
| | - Satoshi Toh
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan
| | - Takahiro Wakasaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiko Taura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Uchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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22
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Flippe L, Bézie S, Anegon I, Guillonneau C. Future prospects for CD8 + regulatory T cells in immune tolerance. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:209-224. [PMID: 31593314 PMCID: PMC7027528 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ Tregs have been long described and significant progresses have been made about their phenotype, their functional mechanisms, and their suppressive ability compared to conventional CD4+ Tregs. They are now at the dawn of their clinical use. In this review, we will summarize their phenotypic characteristics, their mechanisms of action, the similarities, differences and synergies between CD8+ and CD4+ Tregs, and we will discuss the biology, development and induction of CD8+ Tregs, their manufacturing for clinical use, considering open questions/uncertainties and future technically accessible improvements notably through genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Flippe
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Bézie
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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23
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Programmed Cell Death-1 Receptor (PD-1)-Mediated Regulation of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112836. [PMID: 31212601 PMCID: PMC6601034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a cell surface receptor that dampens adaptive immune responses. PD-1 is activated by the engagement of its ligands PDL-1 or PDL-2. This results in the inhibition of T cell proliferation, differentiation, cytokine secretion, and cytolytic function. Although a great deal is known about PD-1 mediated regulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, its expression and function in innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are yet to be fully deciphered. This review summarizes the role of PD-1 in (1) modulating ILC development, (2) ILC function, and (3) PD-1 signaling in ILC. Finally, we explore how PD-1 based immunotherapies may be beneficial in boosting ILC responses in cancer, infections, and other immune-related disorders.
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Cellular therapy approaches harnessing the power of the immune system for personalized cancer treatment. Semin Immunol 2019; 42:101306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tumino N, Martini S, Munari E, Scordamaglia F, Besi F, Mariotti FR, Bogina G, Mingari MC, Vacca P, Moretta L. Presence of innate lymphoid cells in pleural effusions of primary and metastatic tumors: Functional analysis and expression of PD-1 receptor. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1660-1668. [PMID: 30856277 PMCID: PMC6767381 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TM) contains a wide variety of cell types and soluble factors capable of suppressing immune responses. While the presence of NK cells in pleural effusions (PE) has been documented, no information exists on the presence of other innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets and on the expression of programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) in NK and ILC. The presence of ILC was assessed in PE of 54 patients (n = 33 with mesothelioma, n = 15 with adenocarcinoma and n = 6 with inflammatory pleural diseases) by cell staining with suitable antibody combinations and cytofluorimetric analysis. The cytokine production of ILC isolated from both PE and autologous peripheral blood was analyzed upon cell stimulation and intracytoplasmic staining. We show that, in addition to NK cells, also ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 are present in malignant PE and that the prevalent subset is ILC3. PE‐ILC subsets produced their typical sets of cytokines upon activation. In addition, we analyzed the PD‐1 expression on NK/ILC by multiparametric flow‐cytometric analysis, while the expression of PD‐1 ligand (PD‐L1) was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. Both NK cells and ILC3 expressed functional PD‐1, moreover, both tumor samples and malignant PE‐derived tumor cell lines were PD‐L1+ suggesting that the interaction between PD‐1+ILC and PD‐L1+tumor cells may hamper antitumor immune responses mediated by NK and ILC. What's new? Pleural tumors result in effusions that are not well characterized. In this study, the authors found that pleural effusions from patients with primary mesothelioma or metastatic adenocarcinoma contain NK cells and other innate lymphoid cells (ILC). These immune cells were capable of expressing normal cytokines, including the checkpoint protein PD‐1. However, the tumor cells were found to express the ligand PD‐L1. These results suggest a PD‐1‐mediated inhibitory effect on lymphoid cells with potential anti‐tumor activity. Better understanding of this inhibition in the tumor microenvironment may lead to new targets for checkpoint‐inhibitor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tumino
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Martini
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar VR, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Besi
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Bogina
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar VR, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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The co-inhibitory molecule PD-L1 contributes to regulatory T cell-mediated protection in murine crescentic glomerulonephritis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2038. [PMID: 30765734 PMCID: PMC6375967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated glomerular diseases like crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN) are driven by inappropriately regulated cellular and humoral immune responses subsequently leading to renal tissue injury. Recent studies demonstrated the crucial role for regulatory T cells (Tregs) in suppressing pathogenic T-cell responses during nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN), a murine model of cGN. However, mechanisms of immune regulation in cGN are less clear. Here, we aim at investigating the role of the co-inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in Treg-mediated suppression of renal inflammation. We demonstrated that Foxp3+ Tregs expressing PD-L1 infiltrate the kidney during NTN. Inhibition of PD-L1 signalling by using PD-L1−/− mice or by blockage of PD-L1 in wildtype mice resulted in an increased Treg frequency in the inflamed kidney. However, mice lacking PD-L1 developed more severe NTN associated with an elevated pathogenic renal Th1 immune response, which was reversed by blockage of IFNγ in these mice. Interestingly, lack of PD-L1 altered the gene expression profile of Tregs in homeostasis and kidney inflammation. Functionally, Tregs from nephritic PD-L1−/− mice had impaired suppressive capacity in vitro and failed to protect from NTN in vivo. Thus, PD-L1 displays a protective role in NTN, which is related to Treg-mediated suppression of the Th1 immune response.
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Sachamitr P, Leishman AJ, Davies TJ, Fairchild PJ. Directed Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Dendritic Cells Displaying Tolerogenic Properties and Resembling the CD141 + Subset. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1935. [PMID: 29358940 PMCID: PMC5766641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has begun to revolutionize cell therapy by providing a convenient source of rare cell types not normally available from patients in sufficient numbers for therapeutic purposes. In particular, the development of protocols for the differentiation of populations of leukocytes as diverse as naïve T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells provides opportunities for their scale-up and quality control prior to administration. One population of leukocytes whose therapeutic potential has yet to be explored is the subset of conventional dendritic cells (DCs) defined by their surface expression of CD141. While these cells stimulate cytotoxic T cells in response to inflammation through the cross-presentation of viral and tumor-associated antigens in an MHC class I-restricted manner, under steady-state conditions CD141+ DCs resident in interstitial tissues are focused on the maintenance of homeostasis through the induction of tolerance to local antigens. Here, we describe protocols for the directed differentiation of human iPSCs into a mixed population of CD11c+ DCs through the spontaneous formation of embryoid bodies and exposure to a cocktail of growth factors, the scheduled withdrawal of which serves to guide the process of differentiation. Furthermore, we describe the enrichment of DCs expressing CD141 through depletion of CD1c+ cells, thereby obtaining a population of “untouched” DCs unaffected by cross-linking of surface CD141. The resulting cells display characteristic phagocytic and endocytic capacity and acquire an immunostimulatory phenotype following exposure to inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptor agonists. Nevertheless, under steady-state conditions, these cells share some of the tolerogenic properties of tissue-resident CD141+ DCs, which may be further reinforced by exposure to a range of pharmacological agents including interleukin-10, rapamycin, dexamethasone, and 1α,25-dihydoxyvitamin D3. Our protocols therefore provide access to a novel source of DCs analogous to the CD141+ subset under steady-state conditions in vivo and may, therefore, find utility in the treatment of a range of disease states requiring the establishment of immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty Sachamitr
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Leishman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Davies
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Fairchild
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hossain MS, Kunter GM, El-Najjar VF, Jaye DL, Al-Kadhimi Z, Taofeek OK, Li JM, Waller EK. PD-1 and CTLA-4 up regulation on donor T cells is insufficient to prevent GvHD in allo-HSCT recipients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184254. [PMID: 28953925 PMCID: PMC5617147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of checkpoint blockade molecules PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T cells (Tregs) regulate donor T cell activation and graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT). Detailed kinetics of PD-1-, CTLA-4-, and PD-L1 expression on donor and host cells in GvHD target organs have not been well studied. Using an established GvHD model of allo-HSCT (B6 → CB6F1), we noted transient increases of PD-1- and CTLA-4-expressing donor CD4+ and CD8+ T cells on day 10 post transplant in spleens of allo-HSCT recipients compared with syngeneic HSCT (syn-HSCT) recipients. In contrast, expression of PD-1- and CTLA-4 on donor T cells was persistently increased in bone marrow (BM) of allo-HSCT recipients compared with syn-HSCT recipients. Similar differential patterns of donor T cell immune response were observed in a minor histocompatibility (miHA) mismatched transplant model of GvHD. Despite higher PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression in BM, numbers of foxp3+ T cells and Tregs were much lower in allo-HSCT recipients compared with syn-HSCT recipients. PD-L1-expressing host cells were markedly decreased concomitant with elimination of residual host hematopoietic elements in spleens of allo-HSCT recipients. Allo-HSCT recipients lacking PD-L1 rapidly developed increased serum inflammatory cytokines and lethal acute GvHD compared with wild-type (WT) B6 allo-HSCT recipients. These data suggest that increased expression of checkpoint blockade molecules PD-1 and CTLA-4 on donor T cells is not sufficient to prevent GvHD, and that cooperation between checkpoint blockade signaling by host cells and donor Tregs is necessary to limit GvHD in allo-HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Hossain
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ghada M. Kunter
- Holzer Cancer Center, Gallipolis, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vicky F. El-Najjar
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David L. Jaye
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Zaid Al-Kadhimi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Owonikoko K. Taofeek
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Que Y, Xiao W, Guan YX, Liang Y, Yan SM, Chen HY, Li QQ, Xu BS, Zhou ZW, Zhang X. PD-L1 Expression Is Associated with FOXP3+ Regulatory T-Cell Infiltration of Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Poor Patient Prognosis. J Cancer 2017; 8:2018-2025. [PMID: 28819402 PMCID: PMC5559963 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) functions as a negative mediator of immune response through different pathways in anti-tumor immunity. Recent studies have reported that PD-L1 plays a pivotal role in the function of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Although increases in FOXP3+ Tregs infiltration and PD-L1 expression have been revealed in several cancers, their correlation with soft tissue sarcoma remains unknown. Methods: We included 163 cases of soft tissue sarcoma who were diagnosed and underwent extensive and radical resection at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, from 2000-2010. PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Correlation between their expressions and associations with clinicopathological features were studied. Results: Among 163 STS samples, 19 (11.7%) exhibited PD-L1 positivity, and 41 (25.2%) cases expressed high FOXP3+ Treg infiltration. Significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and FOXP3+Treg infiltration in STS was identified (r=0.450, p<0.001). In univariate analysis, PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with high tumor grade and the age of patients, while the presence of FOXP3+ in tumor infiltrating Tregs was significantly associated with the age of patients, high tumor stage, higher tumor grade and tumor depth. Multivariate analysis revealed PD-L1 and FOXP3 as independent prognostic indicators significantly associated with OS and DFS. Conclusions: Our study revealed that PD-L1 and FOXP3+Tregs may work synergistically in promoting immune evasion of the tumors in soft tissue sarcoma. A combined strategy to block PD-L1/PD-1 with simultaneous depletion of Tregs may show promise in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Que
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Guan
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yao Liang
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shu-Mei Yan
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Huo-Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bu-Shu Xu
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Taylor S, Huang Y, Mallett G, Stathopoulou C, Felizardo TC, Sun MA, Martin EL, Zhu N, Woodward EL, Elias MS, Scott J, Reynolds NJ, Paul WE, Fowler DH, Amarnath S. PD-1 regulates KLRG1 + group 2 innate lymphoid cells. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1663-1678. [PMID: 28490441 PMCID: PMC5461001 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC-2s) regulate immune responses to pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis in response to cytokines. Positive regulation of ILC-2s through ICOS has been recently elucidated. We demonstrate here that PD-1 is an important negative regulator of KLRG1+ ILC-2 function in both mice and humans. Increase in KLRG1+ ILC-2 cell numbers was attributed to an intrinsic defect in PD-1 signaling, which resulted in enhanced STAT5 activation. During Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection, a significant expansion of KLRG1+ ILC-2 subsets occurred in Pdcd1-/- mice and, upon adoptive transfer, Pdcd1-/- KLRG1+ ILC-2s significantly reduced worm burden. Furthermore, blocking PD-1 with an antibody increased KLRG1+ ILC-2 cell number and reduced disease burden. Therefore, PD-1 is required for maintaining the number, and hence function, of KLRG1+ ILC-2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Taylor
- Experimental Transplantation Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Grace Mallett
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Chaido Stathopoulou
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Tania C Felizardo
- Experimental Transplantation Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ming-An Sun
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Evelyn L Martin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Nathaniel Zhu
- Experimental Transplantation Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Emma L Woodward
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Martina S Elias
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Jonathan Scott
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Nick J Reynolds
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, England, UK
| | - William E Paul
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel H Fowler
- Experimental Transplantation Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
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Pan X, Zhong A, Xing Y, Shi M, Qian B, Zhou T, Chen Y, Zhang X. Increased soluble and membrane-bound PD-L1 contributes to immune regulation and disease progression in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2161-2168. [PMID: 27698705 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble and membrane-bound programmed death ligand-1 (sPD-L1 and mPD-L1, respectively) have been demonstrated to participate in the immune suppression of non-small cell lung cancer. However, the contribution of sPD-L1 and mPD-L1 to immune regulation and disease progression in patients with pleural effusions remains unknown. The present study evaluated the levels of sPD-L1 and membrane-bound PD-1/PD-L1 in the peripheral blood and pleural effusions of patients with tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and non-tuberculous non-malignant pleural effusion (n-TB n-M). Furthermore, selected T lymphocytes and cluster of differentiation (CD)14+ monocytes were co-cultured to investigate the potential effect of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in TPE. Levels of sPD-L1 and PD-L1 on CD14+ monocytes were increased in the TPE group, as compared with the MPE and n-TB n-M groups. Furthermore, sPD-L1 levels and the expression levels of PD-L1 on CD14+ monocytes were demonstrated to be positively correlated with interferon (IFN)-γ concentration in pleural effusions. Therefore, IFN-γ may increase the expression of PD-L1 on CD14+ monocytes in vitro. Cell counting kit-8 analysis demonstrated that anti-PD-L1 antibody was able to partially reverse the proliferation of T lymphocytes in the co-culture system. The results of the present study indicated that sPD-L1 or mPD-L1 are associated with the immune regulation and disease progression of TPE, and may serve as possible biomarkers of TPE. Furthermore, sPD-L1 and the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway of TPE may be associated with the Th1 immune response; therefore, an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 pathway suggests a potential immune therapy strategy for the treatment of TPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Pan
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Anyuan Zhong
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Xing
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Minhua Shi
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Bin Qian
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yongjing Chen
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 200241, P.R. China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 200241, P.R. China
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Thymic and Postthymic Regulation of Naïve CD4(+) T-Cell Lineage Fates in Humans and Mice Models. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9523628. [PMID: 27313405 PMCID: PMC4904118 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9523628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of how thymocytes differentiate into many subtypes has been increased progressively in its complexity. At early life, the thymus provides a suitable microenvironment with specific combination of stromal cells, growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines to induce the bone marrow lymphoid progenitor T-cell precursors into single-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T effectors and CD4+CD25+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs). At postthymic compartments, the CD4+ T-cells acquire distinct phenotypes which include the classical T-helper 1 (Th1), T-helper 2 (Th2), T-helper 9 (Th9), T-helper 17 (Th17), follicular helper T-cell (Tfh), and induced T-regulatory cells (iTregs), such as the regulatory type 1 cells (Tr1) and transforming growth factor-β- (TGF-β-) producing CD4+ T-cells (Th3). Tregs represent only a small fraction, 5–10% in mice and 1-2% in humans, of the overall CD4+ T-cells in lymphoid tissues but are essential for immunoregulatory circuits mediating the inhibition and expansion of all lineages of T-cells. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the major cell-intrinsic developmental programs that regulate T-cell lineage fates in thymus and periphery. Next, we introduce the SV40 immortomouse as a relevant mice model for implementation of new approaches to investigate thymus organogenesis, CD4 and CD8 development, and thymus cells tumorogenesis.
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Dynamic changes in CD45RA(-)Foxp3(high) regulatory T-cells in chronic hepatitis C patients during antiviral therapy. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 45:5-12. [PMID: 26875600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells (Treg) are known to accumulate under certain pathological conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of and dynamic changes in Treg cells in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients during antiviral therapy. METHODS One hundred and forty-five subjects were enrolled in this study, including 105 CHC patients and 40 healthy donors. The phenotypes and functions of Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS A significant elevation in Treg cells was observed in the peripheral blood of CHC patients compared with healthy donors. Interestingly, compared with non-suppressive Treg (non-Treg) and resting Treg (rTreg) cells, activated Treg (aTreg) cells expressed higher levels of ectonucleotidase, CD39, and CD73. After treatment with interferon alpha (IFN-α) and ribavirin (RBV) in vitro, the frequencies of total Treg cells and aTreg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as well as the levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) secreted by aTreg and non-Treg cells, were significantly decreased. Importantly, it was found that levels of aTreg cells in patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) were lower than in relapsed patients, suggesting that a high frequency of aTreg cells might be associated with a poor clinical outcome in HCV infection. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a decreasing trend in aTreg cells, which express higher levels of CD39, CD73, and TGF-β, in SVR patients during antiviral therapy.
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Amarnath S, Foley JE, Farthing DE, Gress RE, Laurence A, Eckhaus MA, Métais JY, Rose JJ, Hakim FT, Felizardo TC, Cheng AV, Robey PG, Stroncek DE, Sabatino M, Battiwalla M, Ito S, Fowler DH, Barrett AJ. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells harness purinergenic signaling to tolerize human Th1 cells in vivo. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1200-12. [PMID: 25532725 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC) in the treatment of alloimmune and autoimmune conditions has generated much interest, yet an understanding of the therapeutic mechanism remains elusive. We therefore explored immune modulation by a clinical-grade BMSC product in a model of human-into-mouse xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (x-GVHD) mediated by human CD4(+) Th1 cells. BMSC reversed established, lethal x-GVHD through marked inhibition of Th1 cell effector function. Gene marking studies indicated BMSC engraftment was limited to the lung; furthermore, there was no increase in regulatory T cells, thereby suggesting a paracrine mechanism of BMSC action. BMSC recipients had increased serum CD73 expressing exosomes that promoted adenosine accumulation ex vivo. Importantly, immune modulation mediated by BMSC was fully abrogated by pharmacologic therapy with an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. To investigate the potential clinical relevance of these mechanistic findings, patient serum samples collected pre- and post-BMSC treatment were studied for exosome content: CD73 expressing exosomes promoting adenosine accumulation were detected in post-BMSC samples. In conclusion, BMSC effectively modulate experimental GVHD through a paracrine mechanism that promotes adenosine-based immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoba Amarnath
- Cytokine biology section, Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Freeman-Keller M, Kim Y, Cronin H, Richards A, Gibney G, Weber JS. Nivolumab in Resected and Unresectable Metastatic Melanoma: Characteristics of Immune-Related Adverse Events and Association with Outcomes. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:886-94. [PMID: 26446948 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retrospective analysis of irAEs in melanoma patients treated with nivolumab. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Data were pooled from 148 patients (33 resected, 115 unresectable) treated with nivolumab plus peptide vaccine or nivolumab alone every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Patients with stable disease or regression received an additional 12-week cycle, then nivolumab alone every 12 weeks for up to 2 additional years. Frequency, grade, and characteristics of immune-related adverse events (irAE) were analyzed. A 12-week landmark survival analysis using a multivariate time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model assessed difference in overall survival (OS) in the presence or absence of irAEs. RESULTS IrAEs of any grade were observed in 68.2% of patients (101 of 148). Grade III/IV irAEs were infrequent: 3 (2%) had grade III rash, 2 (1.35%) had asymptomatic grade III elevation in amylase/lipase, and 2 (1.35%) had grade III colitis. A statistically significant OS difference was noted among patients with any grade of irAE versus those without (P ≤ 0.001), and OS benefit was noted in patients who reported three or more irAE events (P ≤ 0.001). Subset analyses showed statistically significant OS differences with rash [P = 0.001; HR, 0.423; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.243-0.735] and vitiligo (P = 0.012; HR, 0.184; 95% CI, 0.036-0.94). Rash and vitiligo also correlated with statistically significant OS differences in patients with metastatic disease (P = 0.004 and P = 0.028, respectively). No significant survival differences were seen with other irAEs (endocrinopathies, colitis, or pneumonitis). CONCLUSIONS Cutaneous irAEs are associated with improved survival in melanoma patients treated with nivolumab, and clinical benefit should be validated in larger prospective analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Heather Cronin
- Clinical Trials Office, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Geoffrey Gibney
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | - Jeffrey S Weber
- Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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Programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 modulates the regulatory T cells' capacity to repress shock/sepsis-induced indirect acute lung injury by recruiting phosphatase SRC homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1. Shock 2015; 43:47-54. [PMID: 25057927 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that adoptively transferred (AT) exogenous CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) to wild-type (WT) mice can directly act to repress shock/sepsis-induced experimental indirect acute lung injury (iALI), and this is mediated in part by programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1). In this study, we further determine whether recipient mouse lacking PD-L1, one of the primary ligands for PD-1, contributes to the manipulation of the Tregs' capacity to repress lung injury. To do this, Tregs isolated from the spleen of WT mice were AT into PD-L1 mice subjected to hemorrhagic shock and subsequent to cecal ligation and puncture to induce iALI. Samples were collected for analyses 24 h after cecal ligation and puncture. We found that in PD-L1-recipient mice, AT WT-Tregs lost the ability to reverse the development of iALI seen in WT recipient mice (i.e., no reduction of lung injury indices assessed by histology and vascular leakage, failure to decrease the lung neutrophil influx [myeloperoxidase activity], or the rise in lung apoptosis [caspase 3 activity]). Also, a significant increase in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine, but no changes in IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A levels in lung tissues were seen in these mice compared with iALI mice without AT of Tregs. Furthermore, we noted that the lung tissue tyrosine phosphatase Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), but not SHP-2, was activated with the AT of Tregs in PD-L1(-/-) iALI mice. Finally, through local depletion of CD4+ T cells or CD25+ (Tregs) in the lung, prior to inducing iALI, we found that SHP-1 activation was associated with the loss of Tregs' protective effects in vivo. Collectively, our data reveal that PD-L1 is a critical modulator of Tregs' ability to suppress iALI, and this appears to involve SHP-1 activation.
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Abstract
Optimal T cell response is dependent not only on T cell receptor activation, but also on additional signaling from coreceptors. The main coreceptors include B7 and tumor necrosis factor family members. They exert costimulatory or coinhibitory effects, and their balance determines the fate of T cell response. In normal conditions, costimulators facilitate the development of protective immune response, whereas coinhibitors dampen inflammation to avoid organ/tissue damage from excessive immune reaction. In the tumor microenvironment, the balance is garbled: inhibitory pathways predominate, and T cell response is impaired. The importance of cosignaling in the tumor immune response has been experimentally and clinically demonstrated. New therapeutic strategies targeting T cell cosignaling, especially coinhibitory molecules, are under active experimental and clinical investigation. This review summarizes the functions of main T cell cosignaling axes and discusses their clinical application.
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Kobie JJ, Treanor JJ, Ritchlin CT. Transient decrease in human peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells following influenza vaccination correlates with induction of serum antibody. Immunol Invest 2014; 43:606-15. [PMID: 24999737 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.871555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are critical inducers of the adaptive immune response. Extensive characterization of tissue-resident and monocyte-derived DC has revealed diverse stimulatory and regulatory actions, although the role of peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDC) in maintaining homeostasis remains unclear. Examination of various myeloid (CD11c+CD303-) and plasmacytoid (CD11c-CD303+) DC populations in the peripheral blood of seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine recipients revealed a transient decrease in the frequency of CD11c+CD1c- myeloid DC subsets 5-10 days following vaccination, including both CD141+ and CD141- myeloid DC subsets of this population. These populations rebounded by 1 month, while plasmacytoid DC remained stable. The magnitude of the decrease in the CD141+ myeloid DC subset at d5-7 significantly correlated with the induction of influenza specific serum antibodies measured at 1 month following vaccination. These results demonstrate a mobilization of peripheral blood myeloid DC following vaccination and indicate these cells are potential biomarkers of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester NY 14642 , USA and
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39
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Zandberg DP, Strome SE. The role of the PD-L1:PD-1 pathway in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:627-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Guzman E, Hope J, Taylor G, Smith AL, Cubillos-Zapata C, Charleston B. Bovine γδ T cells are a major regulatory T cell subset. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:208-22. [PMID: 24890724 PMCID: PMC4065783 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In humans and mice, γδ T cells represent <5% of the total circulating lymphocytes. In contrast, the γδ T cell compartment in ruminants accounts for 15–60% of the total circulating mononuclear lymphocytes. Despite the existence of CD4+CD25high Foxp3+ T cells in the bovine system, these are neither anergic nor suppressive. We present evidence showing that bovine γδ T cells are the major regulatory T cell subset in peripheral blood. These γδ T cells spontaneously secrete IL-10 and proliferate in response to IL-10, TGF-β, and contact with APCs. IL-10–expressing γδ T cells inhibit Ag-specific and nonspecific proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vitro. APC subsets expressing IL-10 and TFG-β regulate proliferation of γδ T cells producing IL-10. We propose that γδ T cells are a major regulatory T cell population in the bovine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrain Guzman
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom;
| | - Jayne Hope
- The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH259RG, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Adrian L Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
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Dieterlen MT, Bittner HB, Pierzchalski A, Dhein S, Mohr FW, Barten MJ. Immunological monitoring of extracorporeal photopheresis after heart transplantation. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 176:120-8. [PMID: 24329680 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been used as a prophylactic and therapeutic option to avoid and treat rejection after heart transplantation (HTx). Tolerance-inducing effects of ECP such as up-regulation of regulatory T cells (T(regs)) are known, but specific effects of ECP on regulatory T cell (T(reg)) subsets and dendritic cells (DCs) are lacking. We analysed different subsets of T(regs) and DCs as well as the immune balance status during ECP treatment after HTx. Blood samples were collected from HTx patients treated with ECP for prophylaxis (n = 9) or from patients with histologically proven acute cellular rejection (ACR) of grade ≥ 1B (n = 9), as well as from control HTx patients without ECP (HTxC; n = 7). Subsets of T(regs) and DCs as well as different cytokine levels were analysed. Almost 80% of the HTx patients showed an effect to ECP treatment with an increase of T(regs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). The percentage of pDCs before ECP treatment was significantly higher in patients with no ECP effect (26·3% ± 5·6%) compared to patients who showed an effect to ECP (9·8% ± 10·2%; P = 0·011). Analysis of functional subsets of CD4⁺CD25(high)CD127(low) T(regs) showed that CD62L-, CD120b- and CD147-positive T(regs) did not differ between the groups. CD39-positive T(regs) increased during ECP treatment compared to HTxC. ECP-treated patients showed higher levels for T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 cytokines. Cytokine levels were higher in HTx patients with rejection before ECP treatment compared to patients with prophylactic ECP treatment. We recommend a monitoring strategy that includes the quantification and analysis of T(regs), pDCs and the immune balance status before and up to 12 months after starting ECP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-T Dieterlen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Li P, Mao L, Liu X, Gan Y, Zheng J, Thomson AW, Gao Y, Chen J, Hu X. Essential role of program death 1-ligand 1 in regulatory T-cell-afforded protection against blood-brain barrier damage after stroke. Stroke 2014; 45:857-64. [PMID: 24496394 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.004100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our recent research revealed that adoptively transferred regulatory T cells (Tregs) reduced acute ischemic brain injury by inhibiting neutrophil-derived matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and protecting against blood-brain barrier damage. The mechanisms underlying Treg interactions with neutrophils remain elusive. This study evaluates the contribution of program death 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to Treg-mediated neutrophil inhibition and neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia. METHODS In vitro experiments were performed using a transwell system or a coculture system allowing cell-to-cell contact. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in mice for 60 minutes. Tregs (2×10(6)) isolated from donor animals (wild-type or PD-L1-/-) were intravenously injected into ischemic recipients 2 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). MMP-9 production, blood-brain barrier permeability, and brain infarct were assessed at 1 or 3 days after MCAO. RESULTS In vitro experiments reveal that Treg-mediated inhibition of neutrophil MMP-9 required direct cell-to-cell contact. The suppression of MMP-9 was abolished when Tregs were pretreated with PD-L1 neutralizing antibodies or when neutrophils were pretreated with PD-1 antibodies. In vivo studies confirmed that intravenous administration of Tregs pretreated with PD-L1 antibodies or Tregs isolated from PD-L1-deficient mice failed to inhibit MMP-9 production by blood neutrophils 1 day after 60 minutes MCAO. Furthermore, the blood-brain barrier damage after MCAO was greatly ameliorated in PD-L1-competent Treg-treated mice but not in PD-L1-compromised Treg-treated mice. Consequently, PD-L1 dysfunction abolished Treg-mediated brain protection and neurological improvements 3 days after MCAO. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 plays an essential role in the neuroprotection afforded by Tregs against cerebral ischemia by mediating the suppressive effect of Tregs on neutrophil-derived MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (P.L., L.M., X.L., Y. Gao, J.C., X.H.); Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research (P.L., L.M., Y. Gan, J.Z., J.C., X.H.) and Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Starzl Transplantation Institute (A.W.T.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, PA (P.L., X.H.); and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
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43
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Horwitz DA, Pan S, Ou JN, Wang J, Chen M, Gray JD, Zheng SG. Therapeutic polyclonal human CD8+ CD25+ Fox3+ TNFR2+ PD-L1+ regulatory cells induced ex-vivo. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:450-63. [PMID: 24211847 PMCID: PMC3941976 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report that polyclonal CD8regs generated in one week ex-vivo with anti-CD3/28 beads and cytokines rapidly developed suppressive activity in vitro sustained by TGF-β. In immunodeficient mice, these CD8regs demonstrated a markedly protective, IL-10 dependent activity against a xeno-GVHD. They expressed IL-2Rα/β, Foxp3, TNFR2, and the negative co-stimulatory receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1 and Tim-3. Suppressive activity in vitro correlated better with TNFR2 and PD-L1 than Foxp3. Blocking studies suggested that TNF enhanced PD-L1 expression and the suppressive activity of the CD8regs generated. Unlike other polyclonal CD4 and CD8 Tregs, these CD8regs preferentially targeted allogeneic T cells, but they lacked cytotoxic activity against them even after sensitization. Unlike CD4regs, these CD8regs could produce IL-2 and proliferate while inhibiting target cells. If these CD8regs can persist in foreign hosts without impairing immune surveillance, they could serve as a practical remission-inducing product for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, graft-versus-host disease, and allograft rejection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- CTLA-4 Antigen/genetics
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2
- Humans
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Horwitz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Scroggins SM, Olivier AK, Meyerholz DK, Schlueter AJ. Characterization of regulatory dendritic cells that mitigate acute graft-versus-host disease in older mice following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75158. [PMID: 24040397 PMCID: PMC3769303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in human leukocyte antigen matching and pharmacologic prophylaxis, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is often a fatal complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Older HSCT recipients experience significantly increased morbidity and mortality compared to young recipients. Prophylaxis with syngeneic regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg) in young bone marrow transplanted (BMT) mice has been shown to decrease GVHD-associated mortality. To evaluate this approach in older BMT recipients, young (3–4 months) and older (14–18 months) DCreg were generated using GM-CSF, IL-10, and TGFβ. Analysis of young versus older DCreg following culture revealed no differences in phenotype. The efficacy of DCreg treatment in older BMT mice was evaluated in a BALB/c→C57Bl/6 model of GVHD; on day 2 post-BMT (d +2), mice received syngeneic, age-matched DCreg. Although older DCreg-treated BMT mice showed decreased morbidity and mortality compared to untreated BMT mice (all of which died), there was a small but significant decrease in the survival of older DCreg-treated BMT mice (75% survival) compared to young DCreg-treated BMT mice (90% survival). To investigate differences between dendritic cells (DC) in young and older DCreg-treated BMT mice that may play a role in DCreg function in vivo, DC phenotypes were assessed following DCreg adoptive transfer. Transferred DCreg identified in older DCreg-treated BMT mice at d +3 showed significantly lower expression of PD-L1 and PIR B compared to DCreg from young DCreg-treated BMT mice. In addition, donor DC identified in d +21 DCreg-treated BMT mice displayed increased inhibitory molecule and decreased co-stimulatory molecule expression compared to d +3, suggesting induction of a regulatory phenotype on the donor DC. In conclusion, these data indicate DCreg treatment is effective in the modulation of GVHD in older BMT recipients and provide evidence for inhibitory pathways that DCreg and donor DC may utilize to induce and maintain tolerance to GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M. Scroggins
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Graduate College, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Alicia K. Olivier
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Annette J. Schlueter
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Graduate College, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Amarnath S. c-Rel in GVHD biology: a missing link. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2255-8. [PMID: 24037677 PMCID: PMC3860175 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Recent advances in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies with BMT include exploring mechanisms that can inhibit GVHD while maintaining graft-versus-leukemic (GVL) effects. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Yu et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2013.43: 2327-2337] demonstrate efficient separation of GVHD and GVL by abrogating c-Rel in T cells. Intrinsic c-Rel deficiency in T cells resulted in complete protection against GVHD in both major and minor histocompatibility mismatched murine models of BMT. Protection against GVHD was associated with a decreased presence of Th1 and Th17 cells with a concomitant increase in Treg-cell numbers. Interestingly, an intrinsic defect of c-Rel also resulted in decreased expression of the Th1-associated chemokine receptor CXCR3. Finally, the absence of c-Rel maintained GVL effects with significant tumor clearance in murine recipients. These data suggest that specific targeting of the T-cell-specific transcription factor c-Rel can inhibit GVHD while maintaining GVL effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoba Amarnath
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Mangus CW, Massey PR, Fowler DH, Amarnath S. Rapamycin resistant murine th9 cells have a stable in vivo phenotype and inhibit graft-versus-host reactivity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72305. [PMID: 23991087 PMCID: PMC3749115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine micro-environment can direct murine CD4+ T cells towards various differentiation lineages such as Th1, Th2 and Tregs even in the presence of rapamycin, which results in T cells that mediate increased in vivo effects. Recently, a new lineage of T cells known as Th9 cells that secrete increased IL-9 have been described. However, it is not known whether Th9 differentiation occurs in the presence of rapamycin or whether adoptively transferred donor Th9 cells would augment or restrict alloreactivity after experimental bone marrow transplantation. We found that CD4+ T cells that were co-stimulated and polarized with TGF-β and IL-4 in the presence or absence of rapamycin each yielded effector cells of Th9 phenotype that secreted increased IL-9 and expressed a transcription factor profile characteristic of both Th9 and Th2 cells (high GATA-3/low T-bet). Augmentation of T cell replete allografts with manufactured rapamycin resistant Th9 cells markedly reduced both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell engraftment and strongly inhibited allo-specific T cell secretion of IFN-γ. The potency of Th9 cell inhibition of alloreactivity was similar to that of rapamycin resistant Th2 cells. Importantly, rapamycin resistant Th9 cells persisted and maintained their cytokine phenotype, thereby indicating limited differentiation plasticity of the Th9 subset. As such, Th9 differentiation proceeds in the presence of rapamycin to generate a cell therapy product that maintains high IL-9 expression in vivo while inhibiting IFN-γ driven alloreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney W. Mangus
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institute of Health Research Scholars Program, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Massey
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Fowler
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Licata LA, Nguyen CT, Burga RA, Falanga V, Espat NJ, Ayala A, Thorn M, Junghans RP, Katz SC. Biliary obstruction results in PD-1-dependent liver T cell dysfunction and acute inflammation mediated by Th17 cells and neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:813-23. [PMID: 23883516 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0313137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary obstruction is a common clinical problem that is associated with intrahepatic inflammation and impaired immunity. PD-1 is well known to mediate T cell dysfunction but has been reported to promote and attenuate acute inflammation in various injury models. With the use of a well-established murine model of BDL, we studied the effects of intrahepatic PD-1 expression on LTC function, inflammation, and cholestasis. Following BDL, PD-1 expression increased significantly among LTCs. Increased PD-1 expression following BDL was associated with decreased LTC proliferation and less IFN-γ production. Elimination of PD-1 expression resulted in significantly improved proliferative capacity among LTC following BDL, in addition to a more immunostimulatory cytokine profile. Not only was LTC function rescued in PD-1(-/-) mice, but also, the degrees of biliary cell injury, cholestasis, and inflammation were diminished significantly compared with WT animals following BDL. PD-1-mediated acute inflammation following BDL was associated with expansions of intrahepatic neutrophil and Th17 cell populations, with the latter dependent on IL-6. PD-1 blockade represents an attractive strategy for reversing intrahepatic immunosuppression while limiting inflammatory liver damage.
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O'Flynn L, Treacy O, Ryan AE, Morcos M, Cregg M, Gerlach J, Joshi L, Nosov M, Ritter T. Donor bone marrow-derived dendritic cells prolong corneal allograft survival and promote an intragraft immunoregulatory milieu. Mol Ther 2013; 21:2102-12. [PMID: 23863882 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations into cell therapies for application in organ transplantation have grown. Here, we describe the ex vivo generation of donor bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and glucocorticoid-treated BMDCs with potent immunomodulatory properties for application in allogeneic transplantation. BMDCs were treated with dexamethasone (Dexa) to induce an immature, maturation-resistant phenotype. BMDC and Dexa BMDC phenotype, antigen presenting cell function, and immunomodulatory properties were fully characterized. Both populations display significant immunomodulatory properties, including, but not limited to, a significant increase in mRNA expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. BMDCs and Dexa BMDCs display a profound impaired capacity to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes. Moreover, in a fully MHC I/II mismatched rat corneal transplantation model, injection of donor-derived, untreated BMDC or Dexa BMDCs (1 × 10(6) cells, day -7) significantly prolonged corneal allograft survival without the need for additional immunosuppression. Although neovascularization was not reduced and evidence of donor-specific alloantibody response was detected, a significant reduction in allograft cellular infiltration combined with a significant increase in the ratio of intragraft FoxP3-expressing regulatory cells was observed. Our comprehensive analysis demonstrates the novel cellular therapeutic approach and significant effect of donor-derived, untreated BMDCs and Dexa BMDCs in preventing corneal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa O'Flynn
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Martin GH, Grégoire S, Landau DA, Pilon C, Grinberg-Bleyer Y, Charlotte F, Mège JP, Chatenoud L, Salomon BL, Cohen JL. In vivo activation of transferred regulatory T cells specific for third-party exogenous antigen controls GVH disease in mice. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2263-72. [PMID: 23765389 PMCID: PMC4738555 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treg cells hold enormous promise for therapeutic application in GVH disease, a lethal complication of allogeneic HSC transplantation. Mouse studies showed that donor‐derived recipient‐specific Treg (rsTreg) cells are far more efficient than polyclonal Treg cells in suppressing GVH disease. However, clinical grade preparations of rsTreg cells carries the risk of containing significant numbers of highly pathogenic recipient‐specific effector T cells. We hypothesized that an alternative approach using Treg cells specific for an exogenous (i.e. nondonor, nonrecipient) Ag (exoTreg cells) can overcome this risk by taking advantage of the bystander suppressive effect of Treg cells. For this, we used a murine model for aggressive GVH disease. We expanded ex vivo exoTreg cells that are primed against the HY Ag, which is only expressed in males. ExoTreg cells supressed GVH disease as efficiently as rsTreg cells in recipient male mice. We also applied this strategy in female mice that do not express this Ag. While exoTreg cells were not effective in female recipients when applied alone, providing the cognate HY Ag in vivo along side effectively activated exoTreg cells and completely abrogated GVH disease, establishing a targeted on/off system to provide a suppressive effect on alloreactive effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle H Martin
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR7211, INSERM U959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
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Gianchecchi E, Delfino DV, Fierabracci A. Recent insights into the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in immunological tolerance and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:1091-100. [PMID: 23792703 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases represent a heterogeneous group of conditions whose incidence is increasing worldwide. This has stimulated studies on their etiopathogenesis, derived from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, in order to improve prevention and treatment of these disorders. The relevance of T regulatory cells and of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in controlling immune responses has been highlighted. Recent studies have in particular elucidated the putative role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in regulating T cell responses and its effects on immunological tolerance and immune-mediated tissue damage. The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in autoimmunity has been already investigated in vivo in several experimental animal models including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, myocarditis, encephalomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. With the advent of candidate gene and genome-wide association studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PD-1 gene in humans have demonstrated relevant associations with a higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases in certain ethnic groups. In this review we present recent insights into the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in regulating lymphocyte activation, promotion of T regulatory cell development and function, breakdown of tolerance and development of autoimmunity. We finally speculate on the possible development of novel therapeutic treatments in human autoimmunity by modulating the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gianchecchi
- Autoimmunity Laboratory, Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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