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Hwang YK, Lee DH, Lee EC, Oh JS. Importance of Autophagy Regulation in Glioblastoma with Temozolomide Resistance. Cells 2024; 13:1332. [PMID: 39195222 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant and CNS tumor, accounting for 47.7% of total cases. Glioblastoma has an incidence rate of 3.21 cases per 100,000 people. The regulation of autophagy, a conserved cellular process involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular components, has been found to play an important role in GBM pathogenesis and response to therapy. Autophagy plays a dual role in promoting tumor survival and apoptosis, and here we discuss the complex interplay between autophagy and GBM. We summarize the mechanisms underlying autophagy dysregulation in GBM, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which is most active in brain tumors, and EGFR and mutant EGFRvIII. We also review potential therapeutic strategies that target autophagy for the treatment of GBM, such as autophagy inhibitors used in combination with the standard of care, TMZ. We discuss our current understanding of how autophagy is involved in TMZ resistance and its role in glioblastoma development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keun Hwang
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ha CP, Hua TNM, Vo VTA, Om J, Han S, Cha SK, Park KS, Jeong Y. Humanin activates integrin αV-TGFβ axis and leads to glioblastoma progression. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:464. [PMID: 38942749 PMCID: PMC11213926 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria peptides in the spreading of glioblastoma remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying intracranial glioblastoma progression. Our findings demonstrate that the mitochondria-derived peptide, humanin, plays a significant role in enhancing glioblastoma progression through the intratumoral activation of the integrin alpha V (ITGAV)-TGF beta (TGFβ) signaling axis. In glioblastoma tissues, humanin showed a significant upregulation in the tumor area compared to the corresponding normal region. Utilizing multiple in vitro pharmacological and genetic approaches, we observed that humanin activates the ITGAV pathway, leading to cellular attachment and filopodia formation. This process aids the subsequent migration and invasion of attached glioblastoma cells through intracellular TGFβR signaling activation. In addition, our in vivo orthotopic glioblastoma model provides further support for the pro-tumoral function of humanin. We observed a correlation between poor survival and aggressive invasiveness in the humanin-treated group, with noticeable tumor protrusions and induced angiogenesis compared to the control. Intriguingly, the in vivo effect of humanin on glioblastoma was significantly reduced by the treatment of TGFBR1 inhibitor. To strengthen these findings, public database analysis revealed a significant association between genes in the ITGAV-TGFβR axis and poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. These results collectively highlight humanin as a pro-tumoral factor, making it a promising biological target for treating glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong P Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyen N M Hua
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology - Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu T A Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Om
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Lifestyle Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.
- Institutes of Lifestyle Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yangsik Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.
- Institutes of Lifestyle Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Huang W, Li J, Zhu H, Qin X, Chen C, Wang B, Wei J, Song Y, Lu X, Li Z, Xia W, He A, Cheng L, Yu X, Shu K, Wang W. A novel EGFR variant EGFRx maintains glioblastoma stem cells through STAT5. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:85-99. [PMID: 37616578 PMCID: PMC10768976 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas are universally lethal brain tumors containing tumor-propagating glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). EGFR gene amplification or mutation is frequently detected in GBMs and is associated with poor prognosis. However, EGFR variants in GSCs and their role in the maintenance of GSCs and progression of GBM are unclear. METHODS EGFR variants were detected through bioinformatic HISAT-StringTie-Ballgown pipeline and verified through 5' RACE, RT-PCR, ribonuclease protection, and northern blotting assays. EGFRx function was investigated through neurosphere, cell viability, intracranial xenograft and RNA-seq assays. EGFRx-STAT5 signaling was investigated through western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, luciferase reporter, RT-PCR and CUT&Tag assays. RESULTS We identified a novel EGFR variant (EGFRx), that is specifically expressed in GSCs. Unlike the EGFRvIII variant, which lacks exons 2-7, EGFRx is characterized by the absence of exons 2-14, and encodes an EGFR protein that does not possess the entire extracellular ligand-binding domain. We observed that EGFRx exhibits significant glycosylation, is required for GSC self-renewal, proliferation, and tumorigenesis, and highly active in glioblastomas compared to normal brain tissue. Mechanistically, EGFRx constitutively and specifically activates STAT5 in GSCs through spontaneous asymmetric dimerization of the kinase domain. CONCLUSIONS EGFRx plays essential roles in the maintenance of the GSC phenotype through constitutive activation of STAT5 and promotes GBM progression, suggesting that EGFRx-STAT5 signaling represents a promising therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhui Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxia Wei
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyang Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aodi He
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lidong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Yun HJ, Li M, Guo D, Jeon SM, Park SH, Lim JS, Lee SB, Liu R, Du L, Kim SH, Shin TH, Eyun SI, Park YY, Lu Z, Lee JH. AMPK-HIF-1α signaling enhances glucose-derived de novo serine biosynthesis to promote glioblastoma growth. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:340. [PMID: 38098117 PMCID: PMC10722853 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells undergo cellular adaptation through metabolic reprogramming to sustain survival and rapid growth under various stress conditions. However, how brain tumors modulate their metabolic flexibility in the naturally serine/glycine (S/G)-deficient brain microenvironment remain unknown. METHODS We used a range of primary/stem-like and established glioblastoma (GBM) cell models in vitro and in vivo. To identify the regulatory mechanisms of S/G deprivation-induced metabolic flexibility, we employed high-throughput RNA-sequencing, transcriptomic analysis, metabolic flux analysis, metabolites analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter, nuclear fractionation, cycloheximide-chase, and glucose consumption. The clinical significances were analyzed in the genomic database (GSE4290) and in human GBM specimens. RESULTS The high-throughput RNA-sequencing and transcriptomic analysis demonstrate that the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) and glycolysis are highly activated in GBM cells under S/G deprivation conditions. Mechanistically, S/G deprivation rapidly induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and AMPK-dependent hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α stabilization and transactivation. Activated HIF-1α in turn promotes the expression of SSP enzymes phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH). In addition, the HIF-1α-induced expression of glycolytic genes (GLUT1, GLUT3, HK2, and PFKFB2) promotes glucose uptake, glycolysis, and glycolytic flux to fuel SSP, leading to elevated de novo serine and glycine biosynthesis, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, and the proliferation and survival of GBM cells. Analyses of human GBM specimens reveal that the levels of overexpressed PHGDH, PSAT1, and PSPH are positively correlated with levels of AMPK T172 phosphorylation and HIF-1α expression and the poor prognosis of GBM patients. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that metabolic stress-enhanced glucose-derived de novo serine biosynthesis is a critical metabolic feature of GBM cells, and highlight the potential to target SSP for treating human GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Yun
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - So Mi Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Park
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Sun Lim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyong Du
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Gil-Gas C, Sánchez-Díez M, Honrubia-Gómez P, Sánchez-Sánchez JL, Alvarez-Simón CB, Sabater S, Sánchez-Sánchez F, Ramírez-Castillejo C. Self-Renewal Inhibition in Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Moonlight Role of PEDF in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5422. [PMID: 38001682 PMCID: PMC10670784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among females in developed countries. Although the implementation of screening tests and the development of new therapies have increased the probability of remission, relapse rates remain high. Numerous studies have indicated the connection between cancer-initiating cells and slow cellular cycle cells, identified by their capacity to retain long labeling (LT+). In this study, we perform new assays showing how stem cell self-renewal modulating proteins, such as PEDF, can modify the properties, percentage of biomarker-expressing cells, and carcinogenicity of cancer stem cells. The PEDF signaling pathway could be a useful tool for controlling cancer stem cells' self-renewal and therefore control patient relapse, as PEDF enhances resistance in breast cancer patient cells' in vitro culture. We have designed a peptide consisting of the C-terminal part of this protein, which acts by blocking endogenous PEDF in cell culture assays. We demonstrate that it is possible to interfere with the self-renewal capacity of cancer stem cells, induce anoikis in vivo, and reduce resistance against docetaxel treatment in cancer patient cells in in vitro culture. We have also demonstrated that this modified PEDF protein produces a significant decrease in the percentage of expressed cancer stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gil-Gas
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (P.H.-G.)
| | - Marta Sánchez-Díez
- HST Group, Department Biotechnology-BV, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paloma Honrubia-Gómez
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (P.H.-G.)
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez-Sánchez
- Oncology Unit, Hospital General de Almansa, 02640 Albacete, Spain;
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen B. Alvarez-Simón
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (P.H.-G.)
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Sebastia Sabater
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), University of Castilla La-Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo
- HST Group, Department Biotechnology-BV, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Yin J, Seo Y, Rhim J, Jin X, Kim TH, Kim SS, Hong JH, Gwak HS, Yoo H, Park JB, Kim JH. Cross-talk between PARN and EGFR-STAT3 Signaling Facilitates Self-Renewal and Proliferation of Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3693-3709. [PMID: 37747775 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor and displays highly aggressive and heterogeneous phenotypes. The transcription factor STAT3 has been reported to play a key role in glioblastoma malignancy. Thus, discovering targets and functional downstream networks regulated by STAT3 that govern glioblastoma pathogenesis may lead to improved treatment strategies. In this study, we identified that poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN), a key modulator of RNA metabolism, activates EGFR-STAT3 signaling to support glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). Functional integrative analysis of STAT3 found PARN as the top-scoring transcriptional target involved in RNA processing in patients with glioblastoma, and PARN expression was strongly correlated with poor patient survival and elevated malignancy. PARN positively regulated self-renewal and proliferation of GSCs through its 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity. EGFR was identified as a clinically relevant target of PARN in GSCs. PARN positively modulated EGFR by negatively regulating the EGFR-targeting miRNA miR-7, and increased EGFR expression created a positive feedback loop to increase STAT3 activation. PARN depletion in GSCs reduced infiltration and prolonged survival in orthotopic brain tumor xenografts; similar results were observed using siRNA nanocapsule-mediated PARN targeting. Pharmacological targeting of STAT3 also confirmed PARN regulation by STAT3 signaling. In sum, these results suggest that a STAT3-PARN regulatory network plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and thus may represent a target for glioblastoma therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE A positive feedback loop comprising PARN and EGFR-STAT3 signaling supports self-renewal and proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells to drive tumor progression and can be targeted in glioblastoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Yin
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yoona Seo
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jiho Rhim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Xiong Jin
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Hong
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ho-Shin Gwak
- Neuro-Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Cancer Control, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Heon Yoo
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Neuro-Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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7
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Davodabadi F, Mirinejad S, Fathi-Karkan S, Majidpour M, Ajalli N, Sheervalilou R, Sargazi S, Rozmus D, Rahdar A, Diez-Pascual AM. Aptamer-functionalized quantum dots as theranostic nanotools against cancer and bacterial infections: A comprehensive overview of recent trends. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3366. [PMID: 37222166 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers (Apts) are synthetic nucleic acid ligands that can be engineered to target various molecules, including amino acids, proteins, and pharmaceuticals. Through a series of adsorption, recovery, and amplification steps, Apts are extracted from combinatorial libraries of synthesized nucleic acids. Using aptasensors in bioanalysis and biomedicine can be improved by combining them with nanomaterials. Moreover, Apt-associated nanomaterials, including liposomes, polymeric, dendrimers, carbon nanomaterials, silica, nanorods, magnetic NPs, and quantum dots (QDs), have been widely used as promising nanotools in biomedicine. Following surface modifications and conjugation with appropriate functional groups, these nanomaterials can be successfully used in aptasensing. Advanced biological assays can use Apts immobilized on QD surfaces through physical interaction and chemical bonding. Accordingly, modern QD aptasensing platforms rely on interactions between QDs, Apts, and targets to detect them. QD-Apt conjugates can be used to directly detect prostate, ovarian, colorectal, and lung cancers or simultaneously detect biomarkers associated with these malignancies. Tenascin-C, mucin 1, prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, nucleolin, growth factors, and exosomes are among the cancer biomarkers that can be sensitively detected using such bioconjugates. Furthermore, Apt-conjugated QDs have shown great potential for controlling bacterial infections such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium. This comprehensive review discusses recent advancements in the design of QD-Apt bioconjugates and their applications in cancer and bacterial theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Davodabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sonia Fathi-Karkan
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mahdi Majidpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Narges Ajalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Dominika Rozmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ana M Diez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Quimica Fisica e Ingenieria Quimica, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Zou Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Yang H, Wang X, Zheng M, Shi B. Cancer cell-mitochondria hybrid membrane coated Gboxin loaded nanomedicines for glioblastoma treatment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4557. [PMID: 37507371 PMCID: PMC10382535 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal malignant tumours. Gboxin, an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor, specifically restrains GBM growth by inhibiting the activity of F0F1 ATPase complex V. However, its anti-GBM effect is seriously limited by poor blood circulation, the blood brain barrier (BBB) and non-specific GBM tissue/cell uptake, leading to insufficient Gboxin accumulation at GBM sites, which limits its further clinical application. Here we present a biomimetic nanomedicine (HM-NPs@G) by coating cancer cell-mitochondria hybrid membrane (HM) on the surface of Gboxin-loaded nanoparticles. An additional design element uses a reactive oxygen species responsive polymer to facilitate at-site Gboxin release. The HM camouflaging endows HM-NPs@G with unique features including good biocompatibility, improved pharmacokinetic profile, efficient BBB permeability and homotypic dual tumour cell and mitochondria targeting. The results suggest that HM-NPs@G achieve improved blood circulation (4.90 h versus 0.47 h of free Gboxin) and tumour accumulation (7.73% ID/g versus 1.06% ID/g shown by free Gboxin). Effective tumour inhibition in orthotopic U87MG GBM and patient derived X01 GBM stem cell xenografts in female mice with extended survival time and negligible side effects are also noted. We believe that the biomimetic Gboxin nanomedicine represents a promising treatment for brain tumours with clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yajing Sun
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Huiqing Yang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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9
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Lin W, Niu R, Park SM, Zou Y, Kim SS, Xia X, Xing S, Yang Q, Sun X, Yuan Z, Zhou S, Zhang D, Kwon HJ, Park S, Il Kim C, Koo H, Liu Y, Wu H, Zheng M, Yoo H, Shi B, Park JB, Yin J. IGFBP5 is an ROR1 ligand promoting glioblastoma invasion via ROR1/HER2-CREB signaling axis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1578. [PMID: 36949068 PMCID: PMC10033905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse infiltration is the main reason for therapeutic resistance and recurrence in glioblastoma (GBM). However, potential targeted therapies for GBM stem-like cell (GSC) which is responsible for GBM invasion are limited. Herein, we report Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 5 (IGFBP5) is a ligand for Receptor tyrosine kinase like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1), as a promising target for GSC invasion. Using a GSC-derived brain tumor model, GSCs were characterized into invasive or non-invasive subtypes, and RNA sequencing analysis revealed that IGFBP5 was differentially expressed between these two subtypes. GSC invasion capacity was inhibited by IGFBP5 knockdown and enhanced by IGFBP5 overexpression both in vitro and in vivo, particularly in a patient-derived xenograft model. IGFBP5 binds to ROR1 and facilitates ROR1/HER2 heterodimer formation, followed by inducing CREB-mediated ETV5 and FBXW9 expression, thereby promoting GSC invasion and tumorigenesis. Importantly, using a tumor-specific targeting and penetrating nanocapsule-mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9-based IGFBP5 gene editing significantly suppressed GSC invasion and downstream gene expression, and prolonged the survival of orthotopic tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, our data reveal that IGFBP5-ROR1/HER2-CREB signaling axis as a potential GBM therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lin
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Niu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Seong-Min Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue Xia
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Songge Xing
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Qingshan Yang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Xinhong Sun
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Shuchang Zhou
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Hyung Joon Kwon
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Saewhan Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Il Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Harim Koo
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Liu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Haigang Wu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Heon Yoo
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinlong Yin
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Nasrolahi A, Azizidoost S, Radoszkiewicz K, Najafi S, Ghaedrahmati F, Anbiyaee O, Khoshnam SE, Farzaneh M, Uddin S. Signaling pathways governing glioma cancer stem cells behavior. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110493. [PMID: 36228964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor that develops in the glial tissue. Several studies have identified that glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play important roles in tumor-initiating features in malignant gliomas. GCSCs are a small population in the brain that presents an essential role in the metastasis of glioma cells to other organs. These cells can self-renew and differentiate, which are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of glioma. Therefore, targeting GCSCs might be a novel strategy for the treatment of glioma. Accumulating evidence revealed that several signaling pathways, including Notch, TGF-β, Wnt, STAT3, AKT, and EGFR mediated GCSC growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Besides, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, circular RNAs, and long ncRNAs have been found to play pivotal roles in the regulation of GCSC pathogenesis and drug resistance. Therefore, targeting these pathways could open a new avenue for glioma management. In this review, we summarized critical signaling pathways involved in the stimulation or prevention of GCSCs tumorigenesis and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Anbiyaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Nemazi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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11
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Lim JS, Shi Y, Park SH, Jeon SM, Zhang C, Park YY, Liu R, Li J, Cho WS, Du L, Lee JH. Mutual regulation between phosphofructokinase 1 platelet isoform and VEGF promotes glioblastoma tumor growth. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1002. [PMID: 36435833 PMCID: PMC9701207 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly vascular malignant brain tumor that overexpresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphofructokinase 1 platelet isoform (PFKP), which catalyzes a rate-limiting reaction in glycolysis. However, whether PFKP and VEGF are reciprocally regulated during GBM tumor growth remains unknown. Here, we show that PFKP can promote EGFR activation-induced VEGF expression in HIF-1α-dependent and -independent manners in GBM cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that EGFR-phosphorylated PFKP Y64 has critical roles in both AKT/SP1-mediated transcriptional expression of HIF-1α and in the AKT-mediated β-catenin S552 phosphorylation, to fully enhance VEGF transcription, subsequently promoting blood vessel formation and brain tumor growth. Levels of PFKP Y64 phosphorylation in human GBM specimens are positively correlated with HIF-1α expression, β-catenin S552 phosphorylation, and VEGF expression. Conversely, VEGF upregulates PFKP expression in a PFKP S386 phosphorylation-dependent manner, leading to increased PFK enzyme activity, aerobic glycolysis, and proliferation in GBM cells. These findings highlight a novel mechanism underlying the mutual regulation that occurs between PFKP and VEGF for promoting GBM tumor growth and also suggest that targeting the PFKP/VEGF regulatory loop might show therapeutic potential for treating GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Sun Lim
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - YuJie Shi
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P.R. China
| | - Su Hwan Park
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - So Mi Jeon
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 P.R. China
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563Department of life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P.R. China
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Linyong Du
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 P.R. China
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea ,grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
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12
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Ueno S, Sudo T, Saya H, Sugihara E. Pigment epithelium-derived factor promotes peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer through induction of immunosuppressive macrophages. Commun Biol 2022; 5:904. [PMID: 36056141 PMCID: PMC9440245 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer (OC) correlates with poor prognosis, but the mechanisms underlying the escape of OC cells from the intraperitoneal immune system have remained unknown. We here identify pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF) as a promoting factor of OC dissemination, which functions through induction of CD206+ Interleukin-10 (IL-10)–producing macrophages. High PEDF gene expression in tumors is associated with poor prognosis in OC patients. Concentrations of PEDF in ascites and serum are significantly higher in OC patients than those with more benign tumors and correlated with early recurrence of OC patients, suggesting that PEDF might serve as a prognostic biomarker. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitors reduce PEDF expression and limit both OC cell survival and CD206+ macrophage induction in the peritoneal cavity. Our results thus implicate PEDF as a driver of OC dissemination and identify a BET protein–PEDF–IL-10 axis as a promising therapeutic target for OC. Endogenously expressed pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF) promotes increased survival of ovarian cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity by inducing IL-10 expression in CD206 + peritoneal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Ueno
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Section of Translational Research, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sudo
- Section of Translational Research, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
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13
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Wu S, Ren K, Zhao J, Li J, Jia B, Wu X, Dou Y, Fei X, Huan Y, He X, Wang T, Lv W, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhao J, Fei Z, Li S. LncRNA GAS5 represses stemness and malignancy of gliomas via elevating the SPACA6-miR-125a/let-7e Axis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:803652. [PMID: 36106122 PMCID: PMC9465381 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.803652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive neurological malignancy with poor prognosis. LncRNA-GAS5 (growth arrest-specific transcript 5) is a tumor suppressor involved in multiple cancers. In this study, we explored the clinical significance, biological function, and underlying mechanisms of GAS5 in GBM. We showed that lncRNA-GAS5 expression decreased in high-grade glioma tissues and cells, which might be associated with poor prognosis. GAS5 overexpression lowered cell viability, suppressed GBM cell migration and invasion, and impaired the stemness and proliferation of glioma stem cells (GSCs). We further discovered that GAS5 inhibited the viability of glioma cells through miR-let-7e and miR-125a by protecting SPACA6 from degradation. Moreover, GAS5 played an anti-oncogenic role in GBM through the combined involvement of let-7e and miR-125a in vivo and in vitro. Notably, these two miRNAs block the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in tumor tissues extracted from a xenograft model. Taken together, our study provides evidence for an important role of GAS5 in GBM by affecting the proliferation and migration of GSCs, thus providing a new potential prognostic biomarker and treatment strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kaixi Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanan Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaowei Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weihao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan’gang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Sanzhong Li, ; Zhou Fei, ; Junlong Zhao,
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Sanzhong Li, ; Zhou Fei, ; Junlong Zhao,
| | - Sanzhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Sanzhong Li, ; Zhou Fei, ; Junlong Zhao,
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14
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Ganser K, Eckert F, Riedel A, Stransky N, Paulsen F, Noell S, Krueger M, Schittenhelm J, Beck-Wödl S, Zips D, Ruth P, Huber SM, Klumpp L. Patient-individual phenotypes of glioblastoma stem cells are conserved in culture and associate with radioresistance, brain infiltration and patient prognosis. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:1722-1733. [PMID: 35085407 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Identification of prognostic or predictive molecular markers in glioblastoma resection specimens may lead to strategies for therapy stratification and personalized treatment planning. Here, we analyzed in primary glioblastoma stem cell (pGSC) cultures the mRNA abundances of 7 stem cell (MSI1, Notch1, nestin, Sox2, Oct4, FABP7, ALDH1A3), and 3 radioresistance or invasion markers (CXCR4, IKCa , BKCa ). From these abundances, an mRNA signature was deduced which describes the mesenchymal-to-proneural expression profile of an individual GSC culture. To assess its functional significance, we associated the GSC mRNA signature with the clonogenic survival after irradiation with 4 Gy and the fibrin matrix invasion of the GSC cells. In addition, we compared the molecular pGSC mRNA signature with the tumor recurrence pattern and the overall survival of the glioblastoma patients from whom the pGSC cultures were derived. As a result, the molecular pGSC mRNA signature correlated positively with the pGSC radioresistance and matrix invasion capability in vitro. Moreover, patients with a mesenchymal (> median) mRNA signature in their pGSC cultures exhibited predominantly a multifocal tumor recurrence and a significantly (univariate log rank test) shorter overall survival than patients with proneural (≤ median mRNA signature) pGSCs. The tumors of the latter recurred predominately unifocally. We conclude that our pGSC cultures induce/select those cell subpopulations of the heterogeneous brain tumor that determine disease progression and therapy outcome. In addition, we further postulate a clinically relevant prognostic/predictive value for the 10 mRNAs-based mesenchymal-to-proneural signature of the GSC subpopulations in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ganser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Riedel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Stransky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susan Noell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Krueger
- Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Department of Neuropathology, Calwerstr. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Beck-Wödl
- Institute of Medical Genetics und Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Klumpp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Ngo MT, Karvelis E, Harley BAC. Multidimensional hydrogel models reveal endothelial network angiocrine signals increase glioblastoma cell number, invasion, and temozolomide resistance. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 12:139-149. [PMID: 32507878 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. The tissue microenvironment adjacent to vasculature, termed the perivascular niche, has been implicated in promoting biological processes involved in glioblastoma progression such as invasion, proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. However, the exact nature of the cues that support tumor cell aggression in this niche is largely unknown. Soluble angiocrine factors secreted by tumor-associated vasculature have been shown to support such behaviors in other cancer types. Here, we exploit macroscopic and microfluidic gelatin hydrogel platforms to profile angiocrine factors secreted by self-assembled endothelial networks and evaluate their relevance to glioblastoma biology. Aggregate angiocrine factors support increases in U87-MG cell number, migration, and therapeutic resistance to temozolomide. We also identify a novel role for TIMP1 in facilitating glioblastoma tumor cell migration. Overall, this work highlights the use of multidimensional hydrogel models to evaluate the role of angiocrine signals in glioblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T Ngo
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Elijah Karvelis
- Dept. Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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16
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Zhang J, Fan W, Neng L, Chen B, Zuo B, Lu W. Long non-coding RNA Rian promotes the expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells by regulating perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocytes and PEDF secretion. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1093-1102. [PMID: 33768511 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocytes (PVM/Ms) can upregulate the expression of tight junction-related proteins in endothelial cells (ECs) by secreting pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF), and thereby regulate the permeability of the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier critical for maintaining inner ear homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Rian on cell growth of PVM/Ms and PVM/Ms regulation of intrastrial fluid-blood barrier integrity mediated by PEDF. Rian was downregulated in the aged cochlea from 12-month-old C57BL/6 mice. Rian overexpression inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted cell viability of hypoxia-injured PVM/Ms as well as increased the concentration and expression of PEDF secreted by PVM/Ms. In contrast, Rian silencing exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, in a cell co-culture model of ECs and PVM/Ms, Rian overexpression in PVM/Ms increased the expression of the junction-associated proteins in co-cultured ECs, and this effect was abrogated by blockade of PEDF by anti-PEDF in PVM/Ms. Further mechanistical investigation revealed that Rian promoted STAT3 nuclear translocation and activation by binding to FUS, and thereby promoted the secretion of PEDF. Collectively, Rian attenuates PVM/Ms injury and strengthens the ability of PVM/Ms to maintain the integrity of the endothelial barrier by promoting PEDF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Wenya Fan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lingling Neng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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17
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Chen Z, Che D, Gu X, Lin J, Deng J, Jiang P, Xu K, Xu B, Zhang T. Upregulation of PEDF Predicts a Poor Prognosis and Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Modulating the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:625612. [PMID: 33718190 PMCID: PMC7953146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.625612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis represent the primary causes of therapeutic failure in patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The lack of effective treatment strategies for metastatic ESCC is the major cause of the low survival rate. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying ESCC metastasis and identify potential biomarkers for targeted therapy. Herein, we reported that PEDF is significantly correlated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis in ESCC. The high expression of PEDF is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for ESCC patients’ overall survival (OS). We successfully developed and verified a nomogram to predict the preoperative OS of ESCC patients, and the actual and nomogram-predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates had good consistency. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values for 1-, 3- and 5- survival were 0.764, 0.871, and 0.91, respectively. Overexpression of PEDF significantly promoted the migration and invasion of ESCC cells in vitro, while silencing PEDF yielded the opposite effects. Elevated levels of PEDF altered the expression of proteins involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as indicated by the upregulation of N-cadherin and the downregulation of α-catenin and E-cadherin in ESCC cells. Mechanistically, PEDF promoted tumor cell motility and EMT by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results reveal that PEDF is involved in ESCC metastasis and could act as a prognostic factor for ESCC. Our research provides a fresh perspective into the mechanism of ESCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Che
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixiong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Banglao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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18
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ANO1 regulates the maintenance of stemness in glioblastoma stem cells by stabilizing EGFRvIII. Oncogene 2021; 40:1490-1502. [PMID: 33452454 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or glioblastoma is the most deadly malignant brain tumor in adults. GBM is difficult to treat mainly due to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) has been linked to stemness and malignancy of GSCs; however, the regulatory mechanism of EGFRvIII is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Anoctamin-1 (ANO1), a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, interacts with EGFRvIII, increases its protein stability, and supports the maintenance of stemness and tumor progression in GSCs. Specifically, shRNA-mediated knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of ANO1 suppressed the self-renewal, invasion activities, and expression of EGFRvIII and related stem cell factors, including NOTCH1, nestin, and SOX2 in GSCs. Conversely, ANO1 overexpression enhanced the above phenomena. Mechanistically, ANO1 protected EGFRvIII from proteasomal degradation by directly binding to it. ANO1 knockdown significantly increased survival in mice and strongly suppressed local invasion of GSCs in an in vivo intracranial mouse model. Collectively, these results suggest that ANO1 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of stemness and invasiveness of GSCs by regulating the expression of EGFRvIII and related signaling molecules, and can be considered a promising therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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19
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Kim JY, Kim HJ, Jung CW, Choi BI, Lee DH, Park MJ. PARK7 maintains the stemness of glioblastoma stem cells by stabilizing epidermal growth factor receptor variant III. Oncogene 2020; 40:508-521. [PMID: 33188296 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PARK7 is involved in many key cellular processes, including cell proliferation, transcriptional regulation, cellular differentiation, oxidative stress protection, and mitochondrial function maintenance. Deregulation of PARK7 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including cancer. Here, we aimed to clarify the effect of PARK7 on stemness and radioresistance of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Serum differentiation and magnetic cell sorting of GSCs revealed that PARK7 was preferentially expressed in GSCs rather than differentiated GSCs. Immunohistochemical staining showed enhanced expression of PARK7 in glioma tissues compared to that in normal brain tissues. shRNA-mediated knockdown of PARK7 inhibited the self-renewal activity of GSCs in vitro, as evidenced by the results of neurosphere formation, limiting dilution, and soft-agar clonogenic assays. In addition, PARK7 knockdown suppressed GSC invasion and enhanced GSC sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). PARK7 knockdown suppressed expression of GSC signatures including nestin, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), SOX2, NOTCH1, and OCT4. Contrarily, overexpression of PARK7 in CD133- non-GSCs increased self-renewal activities, migration, and IR resistance, and rescued the reduction of GSC factors under shPARK7-transfected and serum-differentiation conditions. Intriguingly, PARK7 acted as a co-chaperone of HSP90 by binding to it, protecting EGFRvIII from proteasomal degradation. Knockdown of PARK7 increased the production of reactive oxygen species, inducing partial apoptosis and enhancing IR sensitivity in GSCs. Finally, PARK7 knockdown increased mouse survival and IR sensitivity in vivo. Based on these data, we propose that PARK7 plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of stemness and therapeutic resistance in GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yub Kim
- Radiation Therapeutics Development Team, Division of Radiation Cancer Science, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Radiation Therapeutics Development Team, Division of Radiation Cancer Science, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,School of Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Woong Jung
- Radiation Therapeutics Development Team, Division of Radiation Cancer Science, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Radiation Therapeutics Development Team, Division of Radiation Cancer Science, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Parmigiani E, Taylor V, Giachino C. Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive Functions of NOTCH Signaling in Glioma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102304. [PMID: 33076453 PMCID: PMC7602630 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of NOTCH signaling has been extensively studied in health and disease, many questions still remain unresolved. Being crucial for tissue homeostasis, NOTCH signaling is also implicated in multiple cancers by either promoting or suppressing tumor development. In this review we illustrate the context-dependent role of NOTCH signaling during tumorigenesis with a particular focus on gliomas, the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors in adults. For a long time, NOTCH has been considered an oncogene in glioma mainly by virtue of its neural stem cell-promoting activity. However, the recent identification of NOTCH-inactivating mutations in some glioma patients has challenged this notion, prompting a re-examination of the function of NOTCH in brain tumor subtypes. We discuss recent findings that might help to reconcile the controversial role of NOTCH signaling in this disease, and pose outstanding questions that still remain to be addressed.
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21
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Li G, Zhai Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Huang R, Jiang H, Feng Y, Chang Y, Wu F, Zeng F, Jiang T, Zhang W. RPP30, a transcriptional regulator, is a potential pathogenic factor in glioblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16155-16171. [PMID: 32702667 PMCID: PMC7485703 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Old age has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for GBM, but the underlying biological mechanism is still unclear. We designed this study intending to determine a mechanistic explanation for the link between age and pathogenesis in GBM. Results: The expression of RPP30, an independent prognostic factor in GBM, was negatively correlated with age in both tumor and non-tumor brain samples. However, the post-transcriptional modifications carried out by RPP30 were different in primary GBM and non-tumor brain samples. RPP30 affected protein expression of cancer pathways by performing RNA modifications. Further, we found that RPP30 was related to drug metabolism pathways important in GBM. The decreased expression of RPP30 in older patients might be a pathogenic factor for GBM. Conclusion: This study revealed the role of RPP30 in gliomagenesis and provided the theoretical foundation for targeted therapy. Methods: In total, 616 primary GBM samples and 41 non-tumor brain samples were enrolled in this study. Transcriptome data and clinical information were obtained from the CGGA, TCGA, and GSE53890 databases. Gene Set Variation Analysis and Gene Ontology analyses were the primary analytical methods used in this study. All statistical analyses were performed using R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhang Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - You Zhai
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjie Liu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuemei Feng
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhao Chang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA)
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22
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Betavulgarin Isolated from Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris) Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cells through Stat3 Signaling. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132999. [PMID: 32630026 PMCID: PMC7412145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major health problem that affects lives worldwide. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are small subpopulations of cells with capacities for drug resistance, self-renewal, recurrence, metastasis, and differentiation. Herein, powder extracts of beetroot were subjected to silica gel, gel filtration, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and preparatory high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for isolation of one compound, based on activity-guided purification using tumorsphere formation assays. The purified compound was identified as betavulgarin, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. Betavulgarin suppressed the proliferation, migration, colony formation, and mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells and reduced the size of the CD44+/CD24− subpopulation and the expression of the self-renewal-related genes, C-Myc, Nanog, and Oct4. This compound decreased the total level and phosphorylated nuclear level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and reduced the mRNA and protein levels of sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2), in mammospheres. These data suggest that betavulgarin inhibit the Stat3/Sox2 signaling pathway and induces BCSC death, indicating betavulgarin might be an anticancer agent against breast cancer cells and BCSCs.
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23
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ARS2/MAGL signaling in glioblastoma stem cells promotes self-renewal and M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2978. [PMID: 32532977 PMCID: PMC7293269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promotes progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between these two cell types remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ARS2 (arsenite-resistance protein 2), a zinc finger protein that is essential for early mammalian development, plays critical roles in GSC maintenance and M2-like TAM polarization. ARS2 directly activates its novel transcriptional target MGLL, encoding monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), to regulate the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of GSCs through production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which stimulates β-catenin activation of GSC and M2-like TAM polarization. We identify M2-like signature downregulated by which MAGL-specific inhibitor, JZL184, increased survival rate significantly in the mouse xenograft model by blocking PGE2 production. Taken together, our results suggest that blocking the interplay between GSCs and TAMs by targeting ARS2/MAGL signaling offers a potentially novel therapeutic option for GBM patients.
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24
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SH3RF3 promotes breast cancer stem-like properties via JNK activation and PTX3 upregulation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2487. [PMID: 32427938 PMCID: PMC7237486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are the tumorigenic cell subpopulation and contribute to cancer recurrence and metastasis. However, the understanding of CSC regulatory mechanisms remains incomplete. By transcriptomic analysis, we identify a scaffold protein SH3RF3 (also named POSH2) that is upregulated in CSCs of breast cancer clinical tumors and cancer cell lines, and enhances the CSC properties of breast cancer cells. Mechanically, SH3RF3 interacts with the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in a JNK-interacting protein (JIP)-dependent manner, leading to enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and activation of the JNK-JUN pathway. Further the JNK-JUN signaling expands CSC subpopulation by transcriptionally activating the expression of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3). The functional role of SH3RF3 in CSCs is validated with patient-derived organoid culture, and supported by clinical cohort analyses. In conclusion, our work elucidates the role and molecular mechanism of SH3RF3 in CSCs of breast cancer, and might provide opportunities for CSC-targeting therapy.
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25
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Shin K, Shin H, Cho HJ, Kang H, Lee JK, Seo YJ, Shin YJ, Kim D, Koo H, Kong DS, Seol HJ, Lee JI, Lee HW, Nam DH. Sphere-Forming Culture for Expanding Genetically Distinct Patient-Derived Glioma Stem Cells by Cellular Growth Rate Screening. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030549. [PMID: 32120790 PMCID: PMC7139415 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusely infiltrating gliomas (DIGs) are difficult to completely resect and are associated with a high rate of tumor relapse and progression from low- to high-grade glioma. In particular, optimized short-term culture-enriching patient-derived glioma stem cells (GSCs) are essential for customizing the therapeutic strategy based on clinically feasible in vitro drug screening for a wide range of DIGs, owing to the high inter-tumoral heterogeneity. Herein, we constructed a novel high-throughput culture condition screening platform called ‘GFSCAN’, which evaluated the cellular growth rates of GSCs for each DIG sample in 132 serum-free combinations, using 13 previously reported growth factors closely associated with glioma aggressiveness. In total, 72 patient-derived GSCs with available genomic profiles were tested in GFSCAN to explore the association between cellular growth rates in specific growth factor combinations and genomic/molecular backgrounds, including isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation, chromosome arm 1p and 19q co-deletion, ATRX chromatin remodeler alteration, and transcriptional subtype. GSCs were clustered according to the dependency on epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (E&F), and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wild-type GSCs showed higher E&F dependencies than IDH1 mutant GSCs. More importantly, we elucidated optimal combinations for IDH1 mutant glioblastoma and lower grade glioma GSCs with low dependencies on E&F, which could be an aid in clinical decision-making for these DIGs. Thus, we demonstrated the utility of GFSCAN in personalizing in vitro cultivation to nominate personalized therapeutic options, in a clinically relevant time frame, for individual DIG patients, where standard clinical options have been exhausted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Shin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06531, Korea; (K.S.); (H.K.)
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Hyemi Shin
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
- Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
- Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyunju Kang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (H.K.); (J.-K.L.)
| | - Jin-Ku Lee
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (H.K.); (J.-K.L.)
| | - Yun Jee Seo
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Yong Jae Shin
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Donggeon Kim
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Harim Koo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06531, Korea; (K.S.); (H.K.)
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Doo-Sik Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06531, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (H.J.S.); (J.-I.L.)
| | - Ho Jun Seol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06531, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (H.J.S.); (J.-I.L.)
| | - Jung-Il Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06531, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (H.J.S.); (J.-I.L.)
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.L.); (D.-H.N.); Tel.: +82-31-5189-8531 (H.W.L.); +82-2-2148-3497 (D.-H.N.); Fax: +82-2-2148-9829 (H.W.L.); +82-2-2149-9829 (D.-H.N.)
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06531, Korea; (K.S.); (H.K.)
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06531, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (H.J.S.); (J.-I.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.L.); (D.-H.N.); Tel.: +82-31-5189-8531 (H.W.L.); +82-2-2148-3497 (D.-H.N.); Fax: +82-2-2148-9829 (H.W.L.); +82-2-2149-9829 (D.-H.N.)
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Tang DR, Li CL, Xu KP, Wu QQ, Chen QY, Lv JJ, Ji J, Zang B, Chen C, Gu B, Zhao JQ. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Promotes the Growth and Migration of Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1520. [PMID: 32010619 PMCID: PMC6978803 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an oncogene found in various types of cancers. However, how PEDF affects the development of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknown. This study investigates the role of PEDF in ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle both in vitro and in vivo. The PEDF expression was examined in patient tumor samples and ESCC cell lines. Short hairpin RNA technology was used to inhibit the PEDF expression in ESCC EC9706 and KYSE150 cells. In vitro cell proliferation and migration assays were performed. The effects of PEDF on tumor growth and progression were examined in vivo in murine subcutaneous xenograft tumor models. It was found that PEDF was overexpressed in esophageal cancer cells and patient tumor tissues compared to normal control samples. PEDF enhanced cell cycle progression and inhibited cell apoptosis. Knock down of PEDF inhibited esophageal cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Moreover, Inhibition of PEDF significantly reduced tumor growth and tumor size in vivo. These results indicate that PEDF induce tumorigenesis in ESCC and can be a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Rong Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Ke-Ping Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qing-Quan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qi-You Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jun-Jie Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Bao Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Biao Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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Vengoji R, Ponnusamy MP, Rachagani S, Mahapatra S, Batra SK, Shonka N, Macha MA. Novel therapies hijack the blood-brain barrier to eradicate glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:2-14. [PMID: 30475990 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is amongst the most aggressive brain tumors with a dismal prognosis. Despite significant advances in the current multimodality therapy including surgery, postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ)-based concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy (CT), tumor recurrence is nearly universal with poor patient outcomes. These limitations are in part due to poor drug penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and resistance to CT and RT by a small population of cancer cells recognized as tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). Though CT and RT kill the bulk of the tumor cells, they fail to affect CSCs, resulting in their enrichment and their development into more refractory tumors. Therefore, identifying the mechanisms of resistance and developing therapies that specifically target CSCs can improve response, prevent the development of refractory tumors and increase overall survival of GBM patients. Small molecule inhibitors that can breach the BBB and selectively target CSCs are emerging. In this review, we have summarized the recent advancements in understanding the GBM CSC-specific signaling pathways, the CSC-tumor microenvironment niche that contributes to CT and RT resistance and the use of novel combination therapies of small molecule inhibitors that may be used in conjunction with TMZ-based chemoradiation for effective management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicole Shonka
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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28
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Nogo receptor-vimentin interaction: a novel mechanism for the invasive activity of glioblastoma multiforme. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-15. [PMID: 31649250 PMCID: PMC6813361 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nogo receptor (NgR) has been shown to inhibit the migration and invasion of human glioma cells. However, little is known regarding the regulatory mechanisms of NgR in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In this study, we propose a novel mechanism that regulates the maturation process of NgR through an interaction with vimentin. The inhibition of TGFβ1 activity by LY2109761 attenuated the migration/invasion of GBM cells by upregulating cell-surface NgR. Conversely, the treatment of GBM cells with TGFβ1 suppressed NgR maturation. We showed that NgR and vimentin interact, which could be a possible mechanism for the suppression of NgR maturation. The knockdown of vimentin suppressed the migration/invasion of GBM cells through the increased maturation of NgR. Finally, TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) analysis also supported the association of NgR and vimentin. The maturation of NgR is regulated by the interaction of vimentin and NgR, which attenuates the invasive activity of GBM, and might be a potential therapeutic target for brain cancer. A mechanism that prevents the maturation of a protective cell surface protein during the spread of brain cancer could be a therapeutic target. Aggressive glioblastoma multiforme tumors spread quickly, lowering survival chances. The transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) protein is implicated in the rapid spread of cancer cells through the brain’s white matter fibers. However, cancer spread can be limited by the mature form of a protein receptor called nogo receptor (NgR), which is expressed on white matter cell surfaces. Using human glioblastoma cell cultures, Seung-Hoon Lee and Myung-Shin Lee at Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea, and co-workers demonstrated how the interaction between NgR and another protein enhances TGFβ1 pathway activity and prevents NgR maturing. When the team inhibited TGFβ1, the interaction was disrupted, allowing NgR maturation and preventing tumor spread.
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29
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Repurposing Penfluridol in Combination with Temozolomide for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091310. [PMID: 31492002 PMCID: PMC6770574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the presence of aggressive treatment strategies, glioblastoma remains intractable, warranting a novel therapeutic modality. An oral antipsychotic agent, penflurido (PFD), used for schizophrenia treatment, has shown an antitumor effect on various types of cancer cells. As glioma sphere-forming cells (GSCs) are known to mediate drug resistance in glioblastoma, and considering that antipsychotics can easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, we investigated the antitumor effect of PFD on patient-derived GSCs. Using five GSCs, we found that PFD exerts an antiproliferative effect in a time- and dose-dependent manner. At IC50, spheroid size and second-generation spheroid formation were significantly suppressed. Stemness factors, SOX2 and OCT4, were decreased. PFD treatment reduced cancer cell migration and invasion by reducing the Integrin α6 and uPAR levels and suppression of the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors, vimentin and Zeb1. GLI1 was found to be involved in PFD-induced EMT inhibition. Furthermore, combinatorial treatment of PFD with temozolomide (TMZ) significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in vivo. Immunostaining revealed decreased expression of GLI1, SOX2, and vimentin in the PFD treatment group but not in the TMZ-only treatment group. Therefore, PFD can be effectively repurposed for the treatment of glioblastoma by combining it with TMZ.
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30
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Honrubia-Gómez P, López-Garrido MP, Gil-Gas C, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Alvarez-Simon C, Cuenca-Escalona J, Perez AF, Arias E, Moreno R, Sánchez-Sánchez F, Ramirez-Castillejo C. Pedf derived peptides affect colorectal cancer cell lines resistance and tumour re-growth capacity. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2973-2986. [PMID: 31105879 PMCID: PMC6508205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse after chemotherapy treatment depends on the cancer initiating cells (CICs). PEDF (Pigmented Epithelium Derived Factor) is an anti-angiogenic, neurotrophic and self-renewal regulator molecule, also involved in CICs biology. Acute and chronic exposition of colon cancer cell lines to CT/CTE PEDF-derived peptides decreased drug-resistance to conventional colorectal cancer treatments, such as oxaliplatin or irinotecan. We confirmed a reduction in the irinotecan and oxaliplatin IC50 doses for all tested tumour cell lines. After xenograft transplantation, CT/CTE treatments also produced a reduction in resistance to conventional chemotherapy treatments as in culture-assays. Metastatic capacity of these treated cell lines was also depleted. The PEDF signaling pathway could be a future therapeutic tool for use as an adjuvant therapy that decreases IC50 dosis, adverse effects and treatment costs. This pathway could also be involved in an increase of the time relapse in patients, decreased tumourigenicity, and decreased capacity to produce metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María-Pilar López-Garrido
- Genética Médica, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, IDINE, UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil-Gas
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Departamento Ciencias Médicas, CRIB, UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Alvarez-Simon
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Departamento Ciencias Médicas, CRIB, UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Cuenca-Escalona
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, HST Group, Biotechnology and V Biology Department, ETSIAAB, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ferrer Perez
- Current address: Oncology Division, Hospital Obispo Polanco, Teruel, Spain
| | - Enrique Arias
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Sánchez-Sánchez
- Genética Médica, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, IDINE, UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramirez-Castillejo
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Departamento Ciencias Médicas, CRIB, UCLM, Albacete, Spain.,Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, HST Group, Biotechnology and V Biology Department, ETSIAAB, UPM, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Waker CA, Lober RM. Brain Tumors of Glial Origin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:281-297. [PMID: 31760651 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with evolving classification based on genotype. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is an early event in the formation of some diffuse gliomas, and is the best understood mechanism of their epigenetic dysregulation. Glioblastoma may evolve from lower-grade lesions with IDH mutations, or arise independently from copy number changes in platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Several molecular subtypes of glioblastoma arise from a common proneural precursor with a tendency toward transition to a mesenchymal subtype. Following oncogenic transformation, gliomas escape growth arrest through a distinct step of aberrant telomere reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression, or mutations in either alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome (ATRX) or death-domain associated protein (DAXX) genes. Metabolic reprogramming allows gliomas to thrive in harsh microenvironments such as hypoxia, acidity, and nutrient depletion, which contribute to tumor initiation, maintenance, and treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Waker
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, One Children's Plaza, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Robert M Lober
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, One Children's Plaza, Dayton, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
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32
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Wang J, Xu SL, Duan JJ, Yi L, Guo YF, Shi Y, Li L, Yang ZY, Liao XM, Cai J, Zhang YQ, Xiao HL, Yin L, Wu H, Zhang JN, Lv SQ, Yang QK, Yang XJ, Jiang T, Zhang X, Bian XW, Yu SC. Invasion of white matter tracts by glioma stem cells is regulated by a NOTCH1-SOX2 positive-feedback loop. Nat Neurosci 2018; 22:91-105. [PMID: 30559479 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Early invasive growth along specific anatomical structures, especially the white matter tract, is regarded as one of the main causes of poor therapeutic outcome of people with gliomas. We show that some glioma stem cells (GSCs) are preferentially located along white matter tracts, which exhibit a demyelinated phenotype, at the invasive frontier of glioma tissues. These GSCs are CD133+Notch1+, whereas the nerve fibers express the Notch ligand Jagged1. The Notch-induced transcription factor Sox9 promotes the transcription of SOX2 and the methylation level of the NOTCH1 promoter is attenuated by the upregulation of SOX2 to reinforce NOTCH1 expression in GSCs. This positive-feedback loop in a cohort of glioma subjects is correlated with a poor prognosis. Inhibition of Notch signaling attenuates the white-matter-tract tropism of GSCs. These findings provide evidence indicating that the NOTCH1-SOX2 positive-feedback loop controls GSC invasion along white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sen-Lin Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang-Jie Duan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Feng Guo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ze-Yu Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Mei Liao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Qi Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, Military Preventive Medicine Academy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua-Liang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing-Na Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Kai Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Center for Neuroscience, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China. .,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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33
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Yan D, Hao C, Xiao-Feng L, Yu-Chen L, Yu-Bin F, Lei Z. Molecular mechanism of Notch signaling with special emphasis on microRNAs: Implications for glioma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:158-170. [PMID: 30076599 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor and is notorious for resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Although its associated mechanisms are still not completely understood, Notch signaling, an evolutionarily conserved pathway, appears to be the key processes involved. Nevertheless, its mechanisms are sophisticated, due to a variety of targets and signal pathways, especially microRNA. MicroRNAs, which are small noncoding regulatory RNA molecules, have been proposed as one of the key mechanisms in glioma pathogenesis. Among the known glioma associated microRNA, microRNA-129, microRNA-34 family, and microRNA-326 have been shown to influence the progress of glioma through Notch signaling. Evidence also indicates that recurrence is due to development or persistence of the glioma stem-like cells and active angiogenesis, which are tightly regulated by a variety of factors, including Notch signaling. In this review, we summarize the recent progress regarding the functional roles of Notch signaling in glioma, including Notch ligand, microRNA, intracellular crosstalk, glioma stem-like cells and active angiogenesis and explore their clinical implications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Yan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Hao
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - Li Xiao-Feng
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Yu-Chen
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Yu-Bin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - Zhang Lei
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
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34
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Xiong Z, Wang L, Wang Q, Yuan Y. LncRNA MALAT1/miR-129 axis promotes glioma tumorigenesis by targeting SOX2. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3929-3940. [PMID: 29808528 PMCID: PMC6050487 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the interaction among lncRNA MALAT1, miR‐129 and SOX2. Besides, we would investigate the effect of MALAT1 on the proliferation of glioma stem cells and glioma tumorigenesis. Differentially expressed lncRNAs in glioma cells and glioma stem cells were screened out with microarray analysis. The targeting relationship between miR‐129 and MALAT1 or SOX2 was validated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The expressions of MALAT1, miR‐129 and SOX2mRNA in both glioma non‐stem cells and glioma stem cells were examined by qRT‐PCR assay. The impact of MALAT1 and miR‐129 on glioma stem cell proliferation was observed by CCK‐8 assay, EdU assay and sphere formation assay. The protein expression of SOX2 was determined by western blot. The effects of MALAT1 and miR‐129 on glioma tumour growth were further confirmed using xenograft mouse model. The mRNA expression of MALAT1 was significantly up‐regulated in glioma stem cells compared with non‐stem cells, while miR‐129 was significantly down‐regulated in glioma stem cells. MALAT1 knockdown inhibited glioma stem cell proliferation via miR‐129 enhancement. Meanwhile, miR‐129 directly targeted at SOX2 and suppressed cell viability and proliferation of glioma stem cells by suppressing SOX2 expression. The down‐regulation of MALAT1 and miR‐129 overexpression both suppressed glioma tumour growth via SOX2 expression promotion in vivo. MALAT1 enhanced glioma stem cell viability and proliferation abilities and promoted glioma tumorigenesis through suppressing miR‐129 and facilitating SOX2 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiangping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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35
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Zeng A, Yin J, Li Y, Li R, Wang Z, Zhou X, Jin X, Shen F, Yan W, You Y. miR-129-5p targets Wnt5a to block PKC/ERK/NF-κB and JNK pathways in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2018. [PMID: 29531296 PMCID: PMC5847604 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic application of microRNAs (miRNAs) in Wnt-driven glioma has been valuable; however, their specific roles and mechanisms have not been completely investigated. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to analyse the expression of microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) in human glioma samples. Cell-Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, EdU, angiogenesis, Transwell invasion, wound healing, in vitro 3D migration and neurosphere formation assays were employed to assess the role of miR-129-5p in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. Moreover, we performed the luciferase reporter assay and the RNA-ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) assay to confirm whether Wnt5a was a direct target of miR-129-5p. We also confirmed the correlation between the expression profile of miR-129-5p and Wnt5a in glioma patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and investigated the overall survival of GBM patients using two data sets, namely, TCGA and GSE16011, according to their Wnt5a expression status. MiR-129-5p expression levels were downregulated and inversely correlated with Wnt5a expression levels in CGGA glioma patients. Restored expression of miR-129-5p blocked GBM cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, neurosphere formation and resistance to temozolomide. We reported that miR-129-5p directly targeted Wnt5a in glioma. Furthermore, we observed that overexpression of miR-129-5p inhibited the expression of Wnt5a, thus blocking the protein kinase C(PKC)/ERK/NF-κB and JNK pathways. Inhibiting Wnt5a rescued the effects of miR-129-5p loss and increased Wnt5a expression was associated with reduced overall survival of GBM patients. We also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of miR-129-5p on tumour growth in GBM using an in vivo model. The miR-129-5p/Wnt5a-axis-mediated PKC/ERK/NF-κB and JNK pathways have therapeutic potential in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailiang Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianxing Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, PR China.
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36
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Yin J, Kim TH, Park N, Shin D, Choi HI, Cho S, Park JB, Kim JH. TRIM71 suppresses tumorigenesis via modulation of Lin28B-let-7-HMGA2 signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79854-79868. [PMID: 27821801 PMCID: PMC5346756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIM71 (tripartite motif-containing 71) belongs to the TRIM-NHL protein family, which plays a conserved role in regulating early development and differentiation. However, the molecular functions of TRIM71 have remained largely unknown. Here, we explored the role of TRIM71 together with modulation of Lin28B-let-7-HMGA2 (high-mobility group AT-hook 2) signaling in tumorigenesis. TRIM71 overexpression opposed Lin28B-induced transformation in primary cells and inhibited tumor formation in a mouse model. Specific knockdown of TRIM71 expression increased cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Conversely, overexpression of wild-type TRIM71 in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells in which Lin28B-let-7-HMGA2 signaling was conserved decreased both cancer cell phenotypes. More importantly, overexpression of an ubiquitin transfer activity-deficient TRIM71 mutant in NSCLC cells had no effect on proliferation or invasion, regardless of the conservation status of Lin28B-let-7-HMGA2 signaling. The tumorigenic inhibitory action of TRIM71 was antagonized by overexpression of the TRIM71 downstream targets, Lin28B and HMGA2. Furthermore, a bioinformatics analysis revealed that TRIM71 expression was downregulated in various types of cancer tissue from patients. Taken together, these data indicate that TRIM71 acts through post-transcriptional repression of Lin28B and subsequent modulation of let-7-HMGA2 signaling during tumorigenesis to potentially function as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Yin
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea.,Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Nayun Park
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea.,Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Daye Shin
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea.,Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Hae In Choi
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea.,Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Sungchan Cho
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Ochang, Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea.,Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea.,Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
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37
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Im CN, Yun HH, Song B, Youn DY, Cui MN, Kim HS, Park GS, Lee JH. BIS-mediated STAT3 stabilization regulates glioblastoma stem cell-like phenotypes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35056-70. [PMID: 27145367 PMCID: PMC5085209 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic and stem-like cells that are responsible for resistance to conventional therapy. Bcl-2-intreacting cell death suppressor (BIS; also known as BAG3) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is highly expressed in human cancers with various origins, including glioblastoma. In the present study, to investigate the role of BIS in GSC subpopulation, we examined the expression profile of BIS in A172 and U87-MG glioblastoma cell lines under specific in vitro culture conditions that enrich GSC-like cells in spheres. Both BIS mRNA and protein levels significantly increased under the sphere-forming condition as compared with standard culture conditions. BIS depletion resulted in notable decreases in sphere-forming activity and was accompanied with decreases in SOX-2 expression. The expression of STAT3, a master regulator of stemness, also decreased following BIS depletion concomitant with decreases in the nuclear levels of active phosphorylated STAT3, while ectopic STAT3 overexpression resulted in recovery of sphere-forming activity in BIS-knockdown glioblastoma cells. Additionally, immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy revealed that BIS physically interacts with STAT3. Furthermore, BIS depletion increased STAT3 ubiquitination, suggesting that BIS is necessary for STAT3 stabilization in GSC-like cells. BIS depletion also affected epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related genes as evidenced by decrease in SNAIL and MMP-2 expression and increase in E-cadherin expression in GSC-like cells. Our findings suggest that high levels of BIS expression might confer stem-cell-like properties on cancer cells through STAT3 stabilization, indicating that BIS is a potential target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Nim Im
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byunghoo Song
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ye Youn
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mei Nu Cui
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Sug Kim
- NGS Clinical Department, Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Sin Park
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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38
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Li Y, He ZC, Zhang XN, Liu Q, Chen C, Zhu Z, Chen Q, Shi Y, Yao XH, Cui YH, Zhang X, Wang Y, Kung HF, Ping YF, Bian XW. Stanniocalcin-1 augments stem-like traits of glioblastoma cells through binding and activating NOTCH1. Cancer Lett 2017; 416:66-74. [PMID: 29196129 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal tumor and comprises heterogeneous cells in which a subpopulation with stem cell-like properties is included. Cancer cells with stem cell-like properties account for tumor initiation, drug resistance and recurrence. To identify and characterize specific factors in regulating stem-like traits is critical for GBM therapeutic. Here, we showed that Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1), a secretory glycoprotein, functions as a novel stimulator for stem-like traits of GBM cells. We found STC1 was prominently expressed in glioma spheres which are mainly comprised of glioma stem-like cells. The stem-like traits of GBM cells, as determined by the expression of stem cell markers, tumor-sphere formation efficiency and colony-forming ability, were enhanced by STC1 overexpression and inhibited by STC1 knockdown. Furthermore, introduction of STC1 enhanced tumorigenesis in vivo while knockdown of STC1 showed reverse effect. Finally, we demonstrated that STC1 interacted with the extracellular domain of NOTCH1 to activate NOTCH1-SOX2 signaling pathway, by which STC1 augmented the stem-like traits of GBM cells. Taken together, our data herein indicate that STC1 is a novel non-canonical NOTCH ligand and acts as a crucial regulator of stemness in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng He
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yi-Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
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39
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Sinnaeve J, Mobley BC, Ihrie RA. Space Invaders: Brain Tumor Exploitation of the Stem Cell Niche. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:29-38. [PMID: 29024634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the adult neurogenic niche of the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), beyond serving as a potential site of origin, affects the outcome of malignant brain cancers. Glioma contact with this niche predicts worse prognosis, suggesting a supportive role for the V-SVZ environment in tumor initiation or progression. In this review, we describe unique components of the V-SVZ that may permit or promote tumor growth within the region. Cell-cell interactions, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix composition are discussed, and the role of the niche in future therapies is explored. The purpose of this review is to highlight niche intrinsic factors that may promote or support malignant cell growth and maintenance, and point out how we might leverage these features to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Sinnaeve
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca A Ihrie
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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40
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Zhang Z, Zhou J, Zhang J, Duan R, Pu P, Han L. Downregulation of lncRNA-HOXA11-AS modulates proliferation and stemness in Glioma cells. Chin Neurosurg J 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41016-017-0091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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41
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Roccograndi L, Binder ZA, Zhang L, Aceto N, Zhang Z, Bentires-Alj M, Nakano I, Dahmane N, O'Rourke DM. SHP2 regulates proliferation and tumorigenicity of glioma stem cells. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:487-496. [PMID: 28852935 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SHP2 is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) involved in multiple signaling pathways and was the first identified proto-oncogene PTPase. Previous work in glioblastoma (GBM) has demonstrated the role of SHP2 PTPase activity in modulating the oncogenic phenotype of adherent GBM cell lines. Mutations in PTPN11, the gene encoding SHP2, have been identified with increasing frequency in GBM. Given the importance of SHP2 in developing neural stem cells, and the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs) in GBM oncogenesis, we explored the functional role of SHP2 in GSCs. Using paired differentiated and stem cell primary cultures, we investigated the association of SHP2 expression with the tumor stem cell compartment. Proliferation and soft agar assays were used to demonstrate the functional contribution of SHP2 to cell growth and transformation. SHP2 expression correlated with SOX2 expression in GSC lines and was decreased in differentiated cells. Forced differentiation of GSCs by removal of growth factors, as confirmed by loss of SOX2 expression, also resulted in decreased SHP2 expression. Lentiviral-mediated knockdown of SHP2 inhibited proliferation. Finally, growth in soft-agar was similarly inhibited by loss of SHP2 expression. Our results show that SHP2 function is required for cell growth and transformation of the GSC compartment in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Roccograndi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 502 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zev A Binder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 502 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Logan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 502 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nadia Dahmane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 502 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 502 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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42
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Pigment epithelium-derived factor promotes tumor metastasis through an interaction with laminin receptor in hepatocellular carcinomas. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2969. [PMID: 28771223 PMCID: PMC5596550 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has complex functions in tumor metastasis, but little is known about the roles of PEDF and its receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we found that high expression of PEDF is associated with shorter overall survival in HCC patients. Forced expression of PEDF enhanced HCC cell aggressive behavior in vitro and in vivo, whereas silencing PEDF expression reduced migration and invasion. Furthermore, PEDF expression led to changes in cell morphology and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers via ERK1/2 signaling pathway, including the upregulation of N-cadherin and slug, and the downregulation of E-cadherin in HCC cells. Our results further showed that PEDF could interact with laminin receptor (LR) and LR knockdown attenuated PEDF-induced migration, invasion and the change of EMT-related markers. More importantly, in clinical HCC specimens, we found that PEDF expression was correlated with subcellular localization of LR, and that high expression of PEDF and positive expression of LR predicted a poor prognosis. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a novel functional role of PEDF/LR axis in driving metastasis through ERK1/2-mediated EMT in HCC and provided a promising prognostic marker in HCC.
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43
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Yin J, Oh YT, Kim JY, Kim SS, Choi E, Kim TH, Hong JH, Chang N, Cho HJ, Sa JK, Kim JC, Kwon HJ, Park S, Lin W, Nakano I, Gwak HS, Yoo H, Lee SH, Lee J, Kim JH, Kim SY, Nam DH, Park MJ, Park JB. Transglutaminase 2 Inhibition Reverses Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation of Glioma Stem Cells by Regulating C/EBPβ Signaling. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4973-4984. [PMID: 28754668 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis is a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM) and is responsible for poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying necrotic microenvironment-induced malignancy of GBM have not been elucidated. Here, we report that transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is upregulated in the perinecrotic region of GBM and triggered mesenchymal (MES) transdifferentiation of glioma stem cells (GSC) by regulating master transcription factors (TF), such as C/EBPβ, TAZ, and STAT3. TGM2 expression was induced by macrophages/microglia-derived cytokines via NF-κB activation and further degraded DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (GADD153) to induce C/EBPβ expression, resulting in expression of the MES transcriptome. Downregulation of TGM2 decreased sphere-forming ability, tumor size, and radioresistance and survival in a xenograft mouse model through a loss of the MES signature. A TGM2-specific inhibitor GK921 blocked MES transdifferentiation and showed significant therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of GSC. Moreover, TGM2 expression was significantly increased in recurrent MES patients and inversely correlated with patient prognosis. Collectively, our results indicate that TGM2 is a key molecular switch of necrosis-induced MES transdifferentiation and an important therapeutic target for MES GBM. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4973-84. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Yin
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Taek Oh
- Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yub Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eunji Choi
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Hong
- Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Nakho Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jason K Sa
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Cheol Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kwon
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Saewhan Park
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ho-Shin Gwak
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Heon Yoo
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea. .,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea. .,Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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44
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Vogt LM, Talens S, Kwasniewicz E, Scavenius C, Struglics A, Enghild JJ, Saxne T, Blom AM. Activation of Complement by Pigment Epithelium–Derived Factor in Rheumatoid Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Tang J, Huang N, Zhang X, Zhou T, Tan Y, Pi J, Pi L, Cheng S, Zheng H, Cheng Y. Aptamer-conjugated PEGylated quantum dots targeting epidermal growth factor receptor variant III for fluorescence imaging of glioma. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3899-3911. [PMID: 28579776 PMCID: PMC5446962 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s133166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of resection is a significant prognostic factor in glioma patients. However, the maximum safe resection level is difficult to determine due to the inherent infiltrative character of tumors. Recently, fluorescence-guided surgery has emerged as a new technique that allows safe resection of glioma. In this study, we constructed a new kind of quantum dot (QD)-labeled aptamer (QD-Apt) nanoprobe by conjugating aptamer 32 (A32) to the QDs surface, which can specially bind to the tumors. A32 is a single-stranded DNA capable of binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) specially distributed on the surface of glioma cells. To detect the expression of EGFRvIII in human brain tissues, 120 specimens, including 110 glioma tissues and 10 normal brain tissues, were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the results showed that the rate of positive expression of EGFRvIII in the glioma tissues was 41.82%, and 0.00% in normal brain tissues. Besides, the physiochemical properties of QD-Apt nanoparticles (NPs) were thoroughly characterized. Biocompatibility of the NPs was evaluated, and the results suggested that the QD-Apt was nontoxic in vivo and vitro. Furthermore, the use of the QD-Apt in labeling glioma cell lines and human brain glioma tissues, and target gliomas in situ was also investigated. We found that not only could QD-Apt specially bind to the U87-EGFRvIII glioma cells but also bind to human glioma tissues in vitro. Fluorescence imaging in vivo with orthotopic glioma model mice bearing U87-EGFRvIII showed that QD-Apt could penetrate the blood-brain barrier and then selectively accumulate in the tumors through binding to EGFRvIII, and consequently, generate a strong fluorescence, which contributed to the margins of gliomas that were visualized clearly, and thus, help the surgeons realize the maximum safe resection of glioma. In addition, QD-Apt can also be applied in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative examination of glioma. Therefore, these achievements facilitate the use of tumor-targeted fluorescence imaging in the diagnosis, surgical resection, and postoperative examination of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging
| | - Tao Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.,Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Jiangli Pi
- Key Laboratory on Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University
| | - Li Pi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huzhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory on Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
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Ouédraogo ZG, Biau J, Kemeny JL, Morel L, Verrelle P, Chautard E. Role of STAT3 in Genesis and Progression of Human Malignant Gliomas. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5780-5797. [PMID: 27660268 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in glioblastoma and has been identified as a relevant therapeutic target in this disease and many other human cancers. After two decades of intensive research, there is not yet any approved STAT3-based glioma therapy. In addition to the canonical activation by tyrosine 705 phosphorylation, concordant reports described a potential therapeutic relevance of other post-translational modifications including mainly serine 727 phosphorylation. Such reports reinforce the need to refine the strategy of targeting STAT3 in each concerned disease. This review focuses on the role of serine 727 and tyrosine 705 phosphorylation of STAT3 in glioma. It explores their contribution to glial cell transformation and to the mechanisms that make glioma escape to both immune control and standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zangbéwendé Guy Ouédraogo
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, de Toxicologie et de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Ouagadougou, 03, Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Julian Biau
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Kemeny
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Anatomopathologie, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, GReD, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, 24 Avenue des Landais BP80026, 63171, Aubière, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Chautard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.
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47
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Jin X, Jeon HM, Jin X, Kim EJ, Yin J, Jeon HY, Sohn YW, Oh SY, Kim JK, Kim SH, Jung JE, Kwak S, Tang KF, Xu Y, Rich JN, Kim H. The ID1-CULLIN3 Axis Regulates Intracellular SHH and WNT Signaling in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1629-1641. [PMID: 27477274 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) is highly expressed in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). However, the regulatory mechanism responsible for its role in GSCs is poorly understood. Here, we report that ID1 activates GSC proliferation, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity by suppressing CULLIN3 ubiquitin ligase. ID1 induces cell proliferation through increase of CYCLIN E, a target molecule of CULLIN3. ID1 overexpression or CULLIN3 knockdown confers GSC features and tumorigenicity to murine Ink4a/Arf-deficient astrocytes. Proteomics analysis revealed that CULLIN3 interacts with GLI2 and DVL2 and induces their degradation via ubiquitination. Consistent with ID1 knockdown or CULLIN3 overexpression in human GSCs, pharmacologically combined control of GLI2 and β-CATENIN effectively diminishes GSC properties. A ID1-high/CULLIN3-low expression signature correlates with a poor patient prognosis, supporting the clinical relevance of this signaling axis. Taken together, a loss of CULLIN3 represents a common signaling node for controlling the activity of intracellular WNT and SHH signaling pathways mediated by ID1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Hye-Min Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiong Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinlong Yin
- Specific Organs Cancer Division, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeong Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyum Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Specific Organs Cancer Division, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai-Fu Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Pan Z, Shi Z, Wei H, Sun F, Song J, Huang Y, Liu T, Mao Y. Magnetofection Based on Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Weakens Glioma Stem Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Mediating High Expression of MicroRNA-374a. J Cancer 2016; 7:1487-96. [PMID: 27471565 PMCID: PMC4964133 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells belong to a special subpopulation of glioma cells that are characterized by strong proliferation, invasion and drug resistance capabilities. Magnetic nanoparticles are nanoscale biological materials with magnetic properties. In this study, CD133+ primary glioma stem cells were isolated from patients and cultured. Then, magnetic nanoparticles were used to mediate the transfection and expression of a microRNA-374a overexpression plasmid in the glioma stem cells. Transmission electron microscopy detected the presence of significant magnetic nanoparticle substances within the CD133+ glioma stem cells after transfection. The qRT-PCR and Northern blot results showed that the magnetic nanoparticles could be used to achieve the transfection of the microRNA-374a overexpression plasmid into glioma stem cells and the efficient expression of mature microRNA-374a. The MTT and flow cytometry results showed that the proliferation inhibition rate was significantly higher in cells from the microRNA-374a transfection group than in cells from the microRNA-mut transfection group; additionally, the former cells presented significant cell cycle arrest. The Transwell experiments confirmed that the overexpression of microRNA-374a could significantly reduce the invasiveness of CD133+ glioma stem cells. Moreover, the high expression of microRNA-374a mediated by the magnetic nanoparticles effectively reduced the tumourigenicity of CD133+ glioma stem cells in nude mice. The luciferase assays revealed that mature microRNA-374a fragments could bind to the 3'UTR of Neuritin (NRN1), thereby interfering with Neuritin mRNA expression. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that the overexpression of microRNA-374a significantly reduced the expression of genes such as NRN1, CCND1, CDK4 and Ki67 in glioma stem cells. Thus, magnetic nanoparticles can efficiently mediate the transfection and expression of microRNA expression plasmids in mammalian cells. The overexpression of microRNA-374a can effectively silence NRN1 expression, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and in vivo tumourigenicity of human glioma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Pan
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hua Wei
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fengyan Sun
- 2. Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Center of Aging Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianping Song
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yongyi Huang
- 3. Laboratoire PROTEE, Bâtiment R, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, 83957 LA GARDE Cedex, France
| | - Te Liu
- 4. Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China.; 5. Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ying Mao
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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49
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Correction: Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) Expression Induced by EGFRvIII Promotes Self-renewal and Tumor Progression of Glioma Stem Cells. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002367. [PMID: 26751204 PMCID: PMC4709175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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50
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Glioblastoma Stem Cells Microenvironment: The Paracrine Roles of the Niche in Drug and Radioresistance. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6809105. [PMID: 26880981 PMCID: PMC4736577 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6809105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all solid tumors, the high-grade glioma appears to be the most vascularized one. In fact, "microvascular hyperplasia" is a hallmark of GBM. An altered vascular network determines irregular blood flow, so that tumor cells spread rapidly beyond the diffusion distance of oxygen in the tissue, with the consequent formation of hypoxic or anoxic areas, where the bulk of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reside. The response to this event is the induction of angiogenesis, a process mediated by hypoxia inducible factors. However, this new capillary network is not efficient in maintaining a proper oxygen supply to the tumor mass, thereby causing an oxygen gradient within the neoplastic zone. This microenvironment helps GSCs to remain in a "quiescent" state preserving their potential to proliferate and differentiate, thus protecting them by the effects of chemo- and radiotherapy. Recent evidences suggest that responses of glioblastoma to standard therapies are determined by the microenvironment of the niche, where the GSCs reside, allowing a variety of mechanisms that contribute to the chemo- and radioresistance, by preserving GSCs. It is, therefore, crucial to investigate the components/factors of the niche in order to formulate new adjuvant therapies rendering more efficiently the gold standard therapies for this neoplasm.
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