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Cai H, Xiao H, Tong C, Dong X, Chen S, Xu F. Influence of odor environments on cognitive efficiency: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174642. [PMID: 38992380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive efficiency, characterized by the rapid and accurate processing of information, significantly enhances work and learning outcomes. This efficiency manifests in improved time management, decision-making, learning capabilities, and creativity. While the influence of thermal, acoustic, and lighting conditions on cognitive performance has been extensively studied, the role of olfactory stimuli remains underexplored. Olfactory perception, distinguished by its intensity, speed of perception, and the breadth of stimuli, plays a pivotal role in cognitive efficiency. This review investigates the mechanisms through which odor environments influence cognitive performance. We analyze how odor environments can affect cognitive efficiency through two different scenarios (work and sleep) and pathways (direct and indirect effects). Current research, which mainly focuses on the interplay between odors, emotional responses, and cognitive efficiency through both subjective and objective measures, is thoroughly analyzed. We highlight existing research gaps and suggest future directions for investigating the influence of odor environments on cognitive efficiency. This review aims to establish a theoretical basis for managing and leveraging odor environments in workplace settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Department of HVAC, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hanlin Xiao
- Department of HVAC, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chengxin Tong
- Department of HVAC, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xian Dong
- Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China.
| | - Shilong Chen
- Department of HVAC, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of HVAC, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Cusinato R, Gross S, Bainier M, Janz P, Schoenenberger P, Redondo RL. Workflow for the unsupervised clustering of sleep stages identifies light and deep sleep in electrophysiological recordings in mice. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110155. [PMID: 38710233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep physiology plays a critical role in brain development and aging. Accurate sleep staging, which categorizes different sleep states, is fundamental for sleep physiology studies. Traditional methods for sleep staging rely on manual, rule-based scoring techniques, which limit their accuracy and adaptability. NEW METHOD We describe, test and challenge a workflow for unsupervised clustering of sleep states (WUCSS) in rodents, which uses accelerometer and electrophysiological data to classify different sleep states. WUCSS utilizes unsupervised clustering to identify sleep states using six features, extracted from 4-second epochs. RESULTS We gathered high-quality EEG recordings combined with accelerometer data in diverse transgenic mouse lines (male ApoE3 versus ApoE4 knockin; male CNTNAP2 KO versus wildtype littermates). WUCSS showed high recall, precision, and F1-score against manual scoring on awake, NREM, and REM sleep states. Within NREM, WUCSS consistently identified two additional clusters that qualify as deep and light sleep states. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The ability of WUCSS to discriminate between deep and light sleep enhanced the precision and comprehensiveness of the current mouse sleep physiology studies. This differentiation led to the discovery of an additional sleep phenotype, notably in CNTNAP2 KO mice, showcasing the method's superiority over traditional scoring methods. CONCLUSIONS WUCSS, with its unsupervised approach and classification of deep and light sleep states, provides an unbiased opportunity for researchers to enhance their understanding of sleep physiology. Its high accuracy, adaptability, and ability to save time and resources make it a valuable tool for improving sleep staging in both clinical and preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cusinato
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Simon Gross
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland.
| | - Marie Bainier
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Janz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schoenenberger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Roger L Redondo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
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Wang M, Hua Y, Bai Y. A review of the application of exercise intervention on improving cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms and clinical studies. Rev Neurosci 2024; 0:revneuro-2024-0046. [PMID: 39029521 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, leading to sustained cognitive decline. An increasing number of studies suggest that exercise is an effective strategy to promote the improvement of cognition in AD. Mechanisms of the benefits of exercise intervention on cognitive function may include modulation of vascular factors by affecting cardiovascular risk factors, regulating cardiorespiratory health, and enhancing cerebral blood flow. Exercise also promotes neurogenesis by stimulating neurotrophic factors, affecting neuroplasticity in the brain. Additionally, regular exercise improves the neuropathological characteristics of AD by improving mitochondrial function, and the brain redox status. More and more attention has been paid to the effect of Aβ and tau pathology as well as sleep disorders on cognitive function in persons diagnosed with AD. Besides, there are various forms of exercise intervention in cognitive improvement in patients with AD, including aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and multi-component exercise. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to summarize the findings of the mechanisms of exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with AD, and also discuss the application of different exercise interventions in cognitive impairment in AD to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the selection of exercise intervention in cognitive rehabilitation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Hua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yulong Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
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Fong-Isariyawongse J. Revolutionizing Student Athletes' Success: The Transformative Impact of Sleep and the Urgent Call for Later School Start Times. Sports Health 2024; 16:501-503. [PMID: 38900134 PMCID: PMC11195868 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241257949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
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5
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Sifuentes Ortega R, Peigneux P. Does Targeted Memory Reactivation during SWS and REM sleep have differential effects on mnemonic discrimination and generalization? Sleep 2024:zsae114. [PMID: 38766994 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted memory reactivation (TMR), or the presentation of learning-related cues during sleep, has been shown to benefit memory consolidation for specific memory traces when applied during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Prior studies suggest that TMR during REM sleep may play a role in memory generalization processes, but evidence remains scarce. We tested the hypothesis that TMR exerts a differential effect on distinct mnemonic processes as a function of the sleep state (REM vs. NREM) in which TMR is delivered. Mnemonic discrimination and generalization of semantic categories were investigated using an adapted version of the Mnemonic Similarity Task, before and after sleep. Forty-eight participants encoded pictures from eight semantic categories, each associated with a sound. In the pre-sleep immediate test, they had to discriminate "old" (targets) from "similar" (lures) or "new" (foils) pictures. During sleep, half of the sounds were replayed in slow wave sleep (SWS) or REM sleep. Recognition, discrimination, and generalization memory indices were tested in the morning. These indices did not differ between SWS and REM TMR groups or reactivated and non-reactivated item categories. Additional results suggest a positive effect of TMR on performance for highly similar items mostly relying on mnemonic discrimination processes. During sleep, EEG activity after cue presentation increased in the delta-theta and sigma band in the SWS group, and in the beta band in the REM TMR group. These results do not support the hypothesis of a differential processing of novel memory traces when TMR is administered in distinctive physiological sleep states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Sifuentes Ortega
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN affiliated at Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN affiliated at Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
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Roshchupkina L, Wens V, Coquelet N, Urbain C, de Tiege X, Peigneux P. Motor learning- and consolidation-related resting state fast and slow brain dynamics across wake and sleep. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7531. [PMID: 38553500 PMCID: PMC10980824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor skills dynamically evolve during practice and after training. Using magnetoencephalography, we investigated the neural dynamics underpinning motor learning and its consolidation in relation to sleep during resting-state periods after the end of learning (boost window, within 30 min) and at delayed time scales (silent 4 h and next day 24 h windows) with intermediate daytime sleep or wakefulness. Resting-state neural dynamics were investigated at fast (sub-second) and slower (supra-second) timescales using Hidden Markov modelling (HMM) and functional connectivity (FC), respectively, and their relationship to motor performance. HMM results show that fast dynamic activities in a Temporal/Sensorimotor state network predict individual motor performance, suggesting a trait-like association between rapidly recurrent neural patterns and motor behaviour. Short, post-training task re-exposure modulated neural network characteristics during the boost but not the silent window. Re-exposure-related induction effects were observed on the next day, to a lesser extent than during the boost window. Daytime naps did not modulate memory consolidation at the behavioural and neural levels. These results emphasise the critical role of the transient boost window in motor learning and memory consolidation and provide further insights into the relationship between the multiscale neural dynamics of brain networks, motor learning, and consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Roshchupkina
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit Affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
- Faculté des Sciences Psychologiques et de l'Éducation, Campus du Solbosch - CP 191, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Wens
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, HUB - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Coquelet
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, HUB - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charline Urbain
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit Affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier de Tiege
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, HUB - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit Affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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Boutin A, Gabitov E, Pinsard B, Boré A, Carrier J, Doyon J. Temporal cluster-based organization of sleep spindles underlies motor memory consolidation. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20231408. [PMID: 38196349 PMCID: PMC10777148 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep benefits motor memory consolidation, which is mediated by sleep spindle activity and associated memory reactivations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. However, the particular role of NREM2 and NREM3 sleep spindles and the mechanisms triggering this memory consolidation process remain unclear. Here, simultaneous electroencephalographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) recordings were collected during night-time sleep following the learning of a motor sequence task. Adopting a time-based clustering approach, we provide evidence that spindles iteratively occur within clustered and temporally organized patterns during both NREM2 and NREM3 sleep. However, the clustering of spindles in trains is related to motor memory consolidation during NREM2 sleep only. Altogether, our findings suggest that spindles' clustering and rhythmic occurrence during NREM2 sleep may serve as an intrinsic rhythmic sleep mechanism for the timed reactivation and subsequent consolidation of motor memories, through synchronized oscillatory activity within a subcortical-cortical network involved during learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boutin
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Ella Gabitov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Basile Pinsard
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Arnaud Boré
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
| | - Julie Carrier
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
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8
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Kokkinos V, Hussein H, Sakelliadou DG, Mark Richardson R, Bagić AΙ, Urban A. Hippocampal barques and their manifestation as 14&6 Hz positive spikes during sleep. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 157:37-43. [PMID: 38042011 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates variations in hippocampal barque occurrence during sleep and compares findings to respective variations of their scalp manifestation as 14&6/sec positive spikes. METHODS From 11 epilepsy patients, 12 non-epileptogenic hippocampi with barques were identified for this study. Using the first seizure-free whole-night sleep stereo-encephalography (sEEG) recording, we performed sleep staging and measured the occurrence of barques and 14&6/sec positive spikes variants. RESULTS Hippocampal barques (total count: 9,183; mean count per record: 765.2 ± 251.2) occurred predominantly during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) II sleep (total: 5,744; mean: 478.6 ± 176.1; 62.2 ± 6.0%) and slow-wave sleep (SWS) (total: 2,950; mean: 245.83 ± 92.9; 32.0 ± 6.2%), with rare to occasional occurrence in NREM I (total: 85; mean: 7.0 ± 2.8; 0.9 ± 0.4%), rapid eye movement (REM) (total: 153; mean: 12.75 ± 4.0; 1.7 ± 0.6) and wakefulness (total: 251; mean: 20.9 ± 6.3; 2.9 ± 0.9%). Barque rate increased during SWS (mean: 2.7 ± 1.0 per min) compared to NREM II (2.2 ± 1.0 per min) and other states (wakefulness: 0.1 ± 0.0 per min; NREM I: 0.3 ± 0.1 per min; REM: 0.1 ± 0.0 per min). The 14&6/sec positive spikes variant (total count: 2,406; mean: 343.7 ± 106.7) was present in NREM II (total: 2,059; mean: 249.1 ± 100.2, 84.9 ± 3.6%) and SWS (total: 347; mean: 49.5 ± 12.8, 15.0 ± 3.6%) stages, and absent from the rest of sleep and wakefulness. While all 14&6/sec positive spikes correlated with barques, only 44.7 ± 6.1% of barques manifested as 14&6/sec positive spikes. CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal barques are predominant in NREM II and SWS, and tend to increase their presence during SWS. Their scalp manifestation as 14&6/sec positive spikes is confounded by wakefulness, REM and NREM I stages, and "masked" by the co-occurrence of NREM II and SWS slow waves, and overlapping reactive micro-arousal elements. SIGNIFICANCE Our study highlighted the overnight profile of hippocampal barques, in relation to the respective profile of their scalp manifestation, the 14&6/sec positive spikes variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Kokkinos
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL, USA; Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Helweh Hussein
- Department of General Surgery, Trident Medical Center, North Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anto Ι Bagić
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Urban
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Van Dyck D, Deconinck N, Aeby A, Baijot S, Coquelet N, De Tiège X, Urbain C. Atypical procedural learning skills in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Child Neuropsychol 2023; 29:1245-1267. [PMID: 36458657 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2152433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the procedural learning deficit hypothesis in Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) while controlling for global performance such as slower reaction times (RTs) and variability. Procedural (sequence) learning was assessed in 31 children with DCD and 31 age-matched typically developing (TD) children through a serial reaction time task (SRTT). Sequential and random trial conditions were intermixed within five training epochs. Two repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted on a Sequence-Specific Learning Index (SSLI) and a Global Performance Index (GPI, speed/accuracy measure) with Epoch (for SSLI and GPI) and Condition (for GPI) as within-subjects factors, and Group as between-subjects factor. Controlling for RTs differences through normalized RTs, revealed a global reduction of SSLI in children with DCD compared with TD peers suggesting reduced sequence learning skills in DCD. Still, a significant Group x Condition interaction observed on GPI indicated that children from both groups were able to discriminate between sequential and random trials. DCD presented reduced procedural learning skills after controlling for global performance. This finding highlights the importance of considering the general functioning of the child while assessing learning skills in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine Van Dyck
- Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie translationnelles (LN2T), ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Hôpital Erasme - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF) - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF) - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alec Aeby
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF) - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF) at Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Baijot
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF) - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF) at Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Coquelet
- Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie translationnelles (LN2T), ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Hôpital Erasme - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie translationnelles (LN2T), ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Hôpital Erasme - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Erasme - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charline Urbain
- Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie translationnelles (LN2T), ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Hôpital Erasme - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF) at Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Truong C, Ruffino C, Gaveau J, White O, Hilt PM, Papaxanthis C. Time of day and sleep effects on motor acquisition and consolidation. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2023; 8:30. [PMID: 37658041 PMCID: PMC10474136 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the time-of-day and sleep on skill acquisition (i.e., skill improvement immediately after a training-session) and consolidation (i.e., skill retention after a time interval including sleep). Three groups were trained at 10 a.m. (G10am), 3 p.m. (G3pm), or 8 p.m. (G8pm) on a finger-tapping task. We recorded the skill (i.e., the ratio between movement duration and accuracy) before and immediately after the training to evaluate acquisition, and after 24 h to measure consolidation. We did not observe any difference in acquisition according to the time of the day. Interestingly, we found a performance improvement 24 h after the evening training (G8pm), while the morning (G10am) and the afternoon (G3pm) groups deteriorated and stabilized their performance, respectively. Furthermore, two control experiments (G8awake and G8sleep) supported the idea that a night of sleep contributes to the skill consolidation of the evening group. These results show a consolidation when the training is carried out in the evening, close to sleep, and forgetting when the training is carried out in the morning, away from sleep. This finding may have an important impact on the planning of training programs in sports, clinical, or experimental domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Truong
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Célia Ruffino
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
- EA4660, C3S Laboratory, C3S Culture Sport Health Society, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UPFR Sports, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Jérémie Gaveau
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier White
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline M Hilt
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
- Pôle Recherche et Santé Publique, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, F-21000, Dijon, France
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11
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Conessa A, Debarnot U, Siegler I, Boutin A. Sleep-related motor skill consolidation and generalizability after physical practice, motor imagery, and action observation. iScience 2023; 26:107314. [PMID: 37520714 PMCID: PMC10374463 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep benefits the consolidation of motor skills learned by physical practice, mainly through periodic thalamocortical sleep spindle activity. However, motor skills can be learned without overt movement through motor imagery or action observation. Here, we investigated whether sleep spindle activity also supports the consolidation of non-physically learned movements. Forty-five electroencephalographic sleep recordings were collected during a daytime nap after motor sequence learning by physical practice, motor imagery, or action observation. Our findings reveal that a temporal cluster-based organization of sleep spindles underlies motor memory consolidation in all groups, albeit with distinct behavioral outcomes. A daytime nap offers an early sleep window promoting the retention of motor skills learned by physical practice and motor imagery, and its generalizability toward the inter-manual transfer of skill after action observation. Findings may further have practical impacts with the development of non-physical rehabilitation interventions for patients having to remaster skills following peripherical or brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Conessa
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université d’Orléans, CIAMS, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- University Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA7424, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Siegler
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université d’Orléans, CIAMS, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Boutin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université d’Orléans, CIAMS, 45067 Orléans, France
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12
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van den Berg NH, Gibbings A, Baena D, Pozzobon A, Al-Kuwatli J, Ray LB, Fogel SM. Eye movements during phasic versus tonic rapid eye movement sleep are biomarkers of dissociable electroencephalogram processes for the consolidation of novel problem-solving skills. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad151. [PMID: 37246548 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmark eye movement (EM) bursts that occur during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are markers of consolidation for procedural memory involving novel cognitive strategies and problem-solving skills. Examination of the brain activity associated with EMs during REM sleep might elucidate the processes involved in memory consolidation, and may uncover the functional significance of REM sleep and EMs themselves. Participants performed a REM-dependent, novel procedural problem-solving task (i.e. the Tower of Hanoi; ToH) before and after intervals of either overnight sleep (n = 20) or a daytime 8-hour wake period (n = 20). In addition, event-related spectral perturbation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) time-locked to EMs occurring either in bursts (i.e. phasic REM), or in isolation (i.e. tonic REM), were compared to sleep on a non-learning control night. ToH improvement was greater following sleep compared to wakefulness. During sleep, prefrontal theta (~2-8 Hz) and central-parietal-occipital sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) activity (~8-16 Hz) time-locked to EMs, were greater on the ToH night versus control night, and during phasic REM sleep, were both positively correlated with overnight memory improvements. Furthermore, SMR power during tonic REM increased significantly from the control night to ToH night, but was relatively stable from night to night during phasic REM. These results suggest that EMs are markers of learning-related increases in theta and SMR during phasic and tonic REM sleep. Phasic and tonic REM sleep may be functionally distinct in terms of their contribution to procedural memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Gibbings
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Baena
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Laura B Ray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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13
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Antony JW, Schechtman E. Reap while you sleep: Consolidation of memories differs by how they were sown. Hippocampus 2023; 33:922-935. [PMID: 36973868 PMCID: PMC10429120 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Newly formed memories are spontaneously reactivated during sleep, leading to their strengthening. This reactivation process can be manipulated by reinstating learning-related stimuli during sleep, a technique termed targeted memory reactivation. Numerous studies have found that delivering cues during sleep improves memory for simple associations, in which one cue reactivates one tested memory. However, real-life memories often live in rich, complex networks of associations. In this review, we will examine recent forays into investigating how targeted sleep reactivation affects memories within complex paradigms, in which one cue can reactivate multiple tested memories. A common theme across studies is that reactivation consequences do not merely depend on whether memories reside in complex arrangements, but on how memories interact with one another during acquisition. We therefore emphasize how intricate study design details that alter the nature of learning and/or participant intentions impact the outcomes of sleep reactivation. In some cases, complex networks of memories interact harmoniously to bring about mutual memory benefits; in other cases, memories interact antagonistically and produce selective impairments in retrieval. Ultimately, although this burgeoning area of research has yet to be systematically explored, results suggest that the fate of reactivated stimuli within complex arrangements depends on how they were learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Antony
- Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Eitan Schechtman
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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14
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Xia T, Antony JW, Paller KA, Hu X. Targeted memory reactivation during sleep influences social bias as a function of slow-oscillation phase and delta power. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14224. [PMID: 36458473 PMCID: PMC10085833 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To understand how memories are reactivated and consolidated during sleep, experimenters have employed the unobtrusive re-presentation of memory cues from a variety of pre-sleep learning tasks. Using this procedure, known as targeted memory reactivation (TMR), we previously found that reactivation of counter-social-bias training during post-training sleep could selectively enhance training effects in reducing unintentional social biases. Here, we describe re-analyses of electroencephalographic (EEG) data from this previous study to characterize neurophysiological correlates of TMR-induced bias reduction. We found that TMR benefits in bias reduction were associated with (a) the timing of memory-related cue presentation relative to the 0.1-1.5 Hz slow-oscillation phase and (b) cue-elicited EEG power within the 1-4 Hz delta range. Although cue delivery was at a fixed rate in this study and not contingent on the slow-oscillation phase, cues were found to be clustered in slow-oscillation upstates for those participants with stronger TMR benefits. Similarly, higher cue-elicited delta power 250-1000 ms after cue onset was also linked with larger TMR benefits. These electrophysiological results substantiate the claim that memory reactivation altered social bias in the original study, while also informing neural explanations of these benefits. Future research should consider these sleep physiology parameters in relation to TMR applications and to memory reactivation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xia
- Department of Psychology, The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - James W. Antony
- Department of Psychology, Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, USA
- Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, USA
| | - Ken A. Paller
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Psychology, The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, China
- HKU, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Reverberi S, Dolfen N, Van Roy A, Albouy G, King BR. Sleep does not influence schema-facilitated motor memory consolidation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280591. [PMID: 36656898 PMCID: PMC9851548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Novel information is rapidly learned when it is compatible with previous knowledge. This "schema" effect, initially described for declarative memories, was recently extended to the motor memory domain. Importantly, this beneficial effect was only observed 24 hours-but not immediately-following motor schema acquisition. Given the established role of sleep in memory consolidation, we hypothesized that sleep following the initial learning of a schema is necessary for the subsequent rapid integration of novel motor information. METHODS Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of diurnal and nocturnal sleep on schema-mediated motor sequence memory consolidation. In Experiment 1, participants first learned an 8-element motor sequence through repeated practice (Session 1). They were then afforded a 90-minute nap opportunity (N = 25) or remained awake (N = 25) before learning a second motor sequence (Session 2) which was highly compatible with that learned prior to the sleep/wake interval. Experiment 2 was similar; however, Sessions 1 and 2 were separated by a 12-hour interval that included nocturnal sleep (N = 28) or only wakefulness (N = 29). RESULTS For both experiments, we found no group differences in motor sequence performance (reaction time and accuracy) following the sleep/wake interval. Furthermore, in Experiment 1, we found no correlation between sleep features (non-REM sleep duration, spindle and slow wave activity) and post-sleep behavioral performance. CONCLUSIONS The results of this research suggest that integration of novel motor information into a cognitive-motor schema does not specifically benefit from post-learning sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Reverberi
- Department of Movement Sciences, Motor Control and Neural Plasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- LBI—KU Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nina Dolfen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Motor Control and Neural Plasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- LBI—KU Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Van Roy
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Genevieve Albouy
- Department of Movement Sciences, Motor Control and Neural Plasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- LBI—KU Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bradley R. King
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
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16
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Veldman MP, Dolfen N, Gann MA, Van Roy A, Peeters R, King BR, Albouy G. Somatosensory targeted memory reactivation enhances motor performance via hippocampal-mediated plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:3734-3749. [PMID: 35972408 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that reactivation of newly acquired memory traces during postlearning wakefulness plays an important role in memory consolidation. Here, we sought to boost the reactivation of a motor memory trace during postlearning wakefulness (quiet rest) immediately following learning using somatosensory targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural correlates of the reactivation process as well as the effect of the TMR intervention on brain responses elicited by task practice on 24 healthy young adults. Behavioral data of the post-TMR retest session showed a faster learning rate for the motor sequence that was reactivated as compared to the not-reactivated sequence. Brain imaging data revealed that motor, parietal, frontal, and cerebellar brain regions, which were recruited during initial motor learning, were specifically reactivated during the TMR episode and that hippocampo-frontal connectivity was modulated by the reactivation process. Importantly, the TMR-induced behavioral advantage was paralleled by dynamical changes in hippocampal activity and hippocampo-motor connectivity during task practice. Altogether, the present results suggest that somatosensory TMR during postlearning quiet rest can enhance motor performance via the modulation of hippocampo-cortical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno P Veldman
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Nina Dolfen
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Mareike A Gann
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Anke Van Roy
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Ronald Peeters
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Bradley R King
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Geneviève Albouy
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
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17
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Nicolas J, King BR, Levesque D, Lazzouni L, Coffey EBJ, Swinnen S, Doyon J, Carrier J, Albouy G. Sigma oscillations protect or reinstate motor memory depending on their temporal coordination with slow waves. eLife 2022; 11:73930. [PMID: 35726850 PMCID: PMC9259015 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during post-learning sleep is known to enhance motor memory consolidation but the underlying neurophysiological processes remain unclear. Here, we confirm the beneficial effect of auditory TMR on motor performance. At the neural level, TMR enhanced slow wave (SW) characteristics. Additionally, greater TMR-related phase-amplitude coupling between slow (0.5–2 Hz) and sigma (12–16 Hz) oscillations after the SW peak was related to higher TMR effect on performance. Importantly, sounds that were not associated to learning strengthened SW-sigma coupling at the SW trough. Moreover, the increase in sigma power nested in the trough of the potential evoked by the unassociated sounds was related to the TMR benefit. Altogether, our data suggest that, depending on their precise temporal coordination during post learning sleep, slow and sigma oscillations play a crucial role in either memory reinstatement or protection against irrelevant information; two processes that critically contribute to motor memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Nicolas
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bradley R King
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Unversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - David Levesque
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Latifa Lazzouni
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Julien Doyon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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18
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Chapelle ADL, Savard MA, Restani R, Ghaemmaghami P, Thillou N, Zardoui K, Chandrasekaran B, Coffey EBJ. Sleep affects higher-level categorization of speech sounds, but not frequency encoding. Cortex 2022; 154:27-45. [PMID: 35732089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sleep can increase consolidation of new knowledge and skills. It is less clear whether sleep plays a role in other aspects of experience-dependent neuroplasticity, which underlie important human capabilities such as spoken language processing. Theories of sensory learning differ in their predictions; some imply rapid learning at early sensory levels, while other propose a slow, progressive timecourse such that higher-level categorical representations guide immediate, novice learning, while lower-level sensory changes do not emerge until later stages. In this study, we investigated the role of sleep across both behavioural and physiological indices of auditory neuroplasticity. Forty healthy young human adults (23 female) who did not speak a tonal language participated in the study. They learned to categorize non-native Mandarin lexical tones using a sound-to-category training paradigm, and were then randomly assigned to a Nap or Wake condition. Polysomnographic data were recorded to quantify sleep during a 3 h afternoon nap opportunity, or equivalent period of quiet wakeful activity. Measures of behavioural performance accuracy revealed a significant improvement in learning the sound-to-category training paradigm between Nap and Wake groups. Conversely, a neural index of fine sound encoding fidelity of speech sounds known as the frequency-following response (FFR) suggested no change due to sleep, and a null model was supported, using Bayesian statistics. Together, these results support theories that propose a slow, progressive and hierarchical timecourse for sensory learning. Sleep's effect may play the biggest role in the higher-level learning, although contributions to more protracted processes of plasticity that exceed the study duration cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien de la Chapelle
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Lyon, France; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Reyan Restani
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Université Paris Nanterre, Paris, France
| | | | - Noam Thillou
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Khashayar Zardoui
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bharath Chandrasekaran
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Emily B J Coffey
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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19
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Toor B, van den Berg NH, Fang Z, Pozzobon A, Ray LB, Fogel SM. Age-related differences in problem-solving skills: Reduced benefit of sleep for memory trace consolidation. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 116:55-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Roshchupkina L, Wens V, Coquelet N, de Tiege X, Peigneux P. Resting state fast brain dynamics predict interindividual variability in motor performance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5340. [PMID: 35351907 PMCID: PMC8964712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor learning features rapid enhancement during practice then offline post-practice gains with the reorganization of related brain networks. We hypothesised that fast transient, sub-second variations in magnetoencephalographic (MEG) network activity during the resting-state (RS) reflect early learning-related plasticity mechanisms and/or interindividual motor variability in performance. MEG RS activity was recorded before and 20 min after motor learning. Hidden Markov modelling (HMM) of MEG power envelope signals highlighted 8 recurrent topographical states. For two states, motor performance levels were associated with HMM temporal parameters both in pre- and post-learning resting-state sessions. However, no association emerged with offline changes in performance. These results suggest a trait-like relationship between spontaneous transient neural dynamics at rest and interindividual variations in motor abilities. On the other hand, transient RS dynamics seem not to be state-dependent, i.e., modulated by learning experience and reflect neural plasticity, at least on the short timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Roshchupkina
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium. .,UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium. .,Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Coquelet
- Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier de Tiege
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium.,UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
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21
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Measures of differentiation and integration: One step closer to consciousness. Behav Brain Sci 2022; 45:e54. [PMID: 35319430 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x21002016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interpreting empirical measures of integration and differentiation as indices of cortical performance and memory consolidation during wakefulness rather than consciousness per se is inconsistent with the literature. Recent studies show that these theory-inspired measures can dissociate from such processes and reliably index the brain's capacity for experience. We consider this as a positive trend in consciousness research.
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22
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Solano A, Riquelme LA, Perez-Chada D, Della-Maggiore V. Visuomotor Adaptation Modulates the Clustering of Sleep Spindles Into Trains. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:803387. [PMID: 35368282 PMCID: PMC8966394 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.803387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are thought to promote memory consolidation. Recently, we have shown that visuomotor adaptation (VMA) learning increases the density of spindles and promotes the coupling between spindles and slow oscillations, locally, with the level of spindle-SO synchrony predicting overnight memory retention. Yet, growing evidence suggests that the rhythmicity in spindle occurrence may also influence the stabilization of declarative and procedural memories. Here, we examined if VMA learning promotes the temporal organization of sleep spindles into trains. We found that VMA increased the proportion of spindles and spindle-SO couplings in trains. In agreement with our previous work, this modulation was observed over the contralateral hemisphere to the trained hand, and predicted overnight memory retention. Interestingly, spindles grouped in a cluster showed greater amplitude and duration than isolated spindles. The fact that these features increased as a function of train length, provides evidence supporting a biological advantage of this temporal arrangement. Our work opens the possibility that the periodicity of NREM oscillations may be relevant in the stabilization of procedural memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Solano
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A. Riquelme
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Perez-Chada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Service, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Della-Maggiore
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Valeria Della-Maggiore,
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23
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Weinhouse GL, Kimchi E, Watson P, Devlin JW. Sleep Assessment in Critically Ill Adults: Established Methods and Emerging Strategies. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0628. [PMID: 35156048 PMCID: PMC8824402 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a biological mandate with an integral role in optimizing functions that maintain psychological and physical health. During critical illness, however, sleep may be disrupted at best and elusive at worst. Sleep improvement efforts and research endeavors evaluating interventions to improve sleep in critically ill adults are hampered by limited methods available to measure sleep in this setting. This narrative review summarizes available modalities for sleep assessment in the ICU, describes new ICU sleep assessment methods under development, and highlights features of the ideal ICU sleep measurement tool. DATA SOURCES The most relevant literature and author experiences were assessed for inclusion from PubMed and textbooks. STUDY SELECTION The authors selected studies for inclusion by consensus. DATA EXTRACTION The authors reviewed each study and selected appropriate data for inclusion by consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS Currently available tools to measure sleep in critically ill adults have important flaws. Subjective measurements are limited by recall bias, the inability of many patients to communicate, and poorly correlate with objective measures when completed by surrogates. Actigraphy does not consider the effects of sedating medications or myopathy leading to an over estimation of sleep time. Polysomnography, the gold standard for sleep assessment, is limited by interpretation issues and practical application concerns. Single and multiple channel electroencephalogram devices offer real-time physiologic data and are more practical to use than polysomnography but are limited by the scope of sleep-specific information they can measure and poorly characterize the circadian system. CONCLUSIONS A measurement tool that offers real-time sleep and circadian assessment and is practical for broad application in the ICU does not exist. Newer sleep assessment devices have shown promise in measuring physiologic data in real time; when used in combination with other assessment modalities, and analyzed by computational techniques, they may revolutionize sleep monitoring in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald L Weinhouse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eyal Kimchi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paula Watson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - John W Devlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pharmacy and Health Systems Sciences, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
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24
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Rakowska M, Abdellahi MEA, Bagrowska P, Navarrete M, Lewis PA. Long term effects of cueing procedural memory reactivation during NREM sleep. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118573. [PMID: 34537384 PMCID: PMC8591408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A single night of TMR benefits procedural memories up to 10 days later. Spindle density and SO-spindle coupling strength increase immediately upon cue onset. Time spent in N2 but not N3 predicts cueing benefit.
Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) has recently emerged as a promising tool to manipulate and study the sleeping brain. Although the technique is developing rapidly, only a few studies have examined how the effects of TMR develop over time. Here, we use a bimanual serial reaction time task (SRTT) to investigate whether the difference between the cued and un-cued sequence of button presses persists long-term. We further explore the relationship between the TMR benefit and sleep spindles, as well as their coupling with slow oscillations. Our behavioural analysis shows better performance for the dominant hand. Importantly, there was a strong effect of TMR, with improved performance on the cued sequence after sleep. Closer examination revealed a significant benefit of TMR at 10 days post-encoding, but not 24 h or 6 weeks post-encoding. Time spent in stage 2, but not stage 3, of NREM sleep predicted cueing benefit. We also found a significant increase in spindle density and SO-spindle coupling during the cue period, when compared to the no-cue period. Together, our results demonstrate that TMR effects evolve over several weeks post-cueing, as well as emphasising the importance of stage 2, spindles and the SO-spindle coupling in procedural memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Rakowska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Mahmoud E A Abdellahi
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Paulina Bagrowska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Miguel Navarrete
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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25
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Roig M, Cristini J, Parwanta Z, Ayotte B, Rodrigues L, de Las Heras B, Nepveu JF, Huber R, Carrier J, Steib S, Youngstedt SD, Wright DL. Exercising the Sleepy-ing Brain: Exercise, Sleep, and Sleep Loss on Memory. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 50:38-48. [PMID: 34669627 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We examine the novel hypothesis that physical exercise and sleep have synergistic effects on memory. Exercise can trigger mechanisms that can create an optimal brain state during sleep to facilitate memory processing. The possibility that exercise could counteract the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation on memory by protecting neuroplasticity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Roig
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation, Laval, Canada. School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. Integrative Program of Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Human Movement, Training and Active Aging Department, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Heidelberg University, Germany. College of Nursing and Health Innovation and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA. Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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26
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Kuang H, Zhu YG, Zhou ZF, Yang MW, Hong FF, Yang SL. Sleep disorders in Alzheimer's disease: the predictive roles and potential mechanisms. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1965-1972. [PMID: 33642368 PMCID: PMC8343328 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and can even occur in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, which appears before Alzheimer's disease. Sleep disorders further impair cognitive function and accelerate the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau in patients with Alzheimer's disease. At present, sleep disorders are considered as a risk factor for, and may be a predictor of, Alzheimer's disease development. Given that sleep disorders are encountered in other types of dementia and psychiatric conditions, sleep-related biomarkers to predict Alzheimer's disease need to have high specificity and sensitivity. Here, we summarize the major Alzheimer's disease-specific sleep changes, including abnormal non-rapid eye movement sleep, sleep fragmentation, and sleep-disordered breathing, and describe their ability to predict the onset of Alzheimer's disease at its earliest stages. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these sleep changes is also crucial if we are to clarify the role of sleep in Alzheimer's disease. This paper therefore explores some potential mechanisms that may contribute to sleep disorders, including dysregulation of the orexinergic, glutamatergic, and γ-aminobutyric acid systems and the circadian rhythm, together with amyloid-β accumulation. This review could provide a theoretical basis for the development of drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease based on sleep disorders in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Kuang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ge Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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27
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Wang SY, Baker KC, Culbreth JL, Tracy O, Arora M, Liu T, Morris S, Collins MB, Wamsley EJ. 'Sleep-dependent' memory consolidation? Brief periods of post-training rest and sleep provide an equivalent benefit for both declarative and procedural memory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:195-203. [PMID: 34011516 PMCID: PMC8139635 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053330.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep following learning facilitates the consolidation of memories. This effect has often been attributed to sleep-specific factors, such as the presence of sleep spindles or slow waves in the electroencephalogram (EEG). However, recent studies suggest that simply resting quietly while awake could confer a similar memory benefit. In the current study, we examined the effects of sleep, quiet rest, and active wakefulness on the consolidation of declarative and procedural memory. We hypothesized that sleep and eyes-closed quiet rest would both benefit memory compared with a period of active wakefulness. After completing a declarative and a procedural memory task, participants began a 30-min retention period with PSG (polysomnographic) monitoring, in which they either slept (n = 24), quietly rested with their eyes closed (n = 22), or completed a distractor task (n = 29). Following the retention period, participants were again tested on their memory for the two learning tasks. As hypothesized, sleep and quiet rest both led to better performance on the declarative and procedural memory tasks than did the distractor task. Moreover, the performance advantages conferred by rest were indistinguishable from those of sleep. These data suggest that neurobiology specific to sleep might not be necessary to induce the consolidation of memory, at least across very short retention intervals. Instead, offline memory consolidation may function opportunistically, occurring during either sleep or stimulus-free rest, provided a favorable neurobiological milieu and sufficient reduction of new encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene Y Wang
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, USA
| | - Kirsten C Baker
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, USA
| | - Jessica L Culbreth
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, USA
| | - Olivia Tracy
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, USA
| | - Madison Arora
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, USA
| | - Tingtong Liu
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, USA
| | - Sydney Morris
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, USA
| | - Megan B Collins
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, USA
| | - Erin J Wamsley
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, USA
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28
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Picard-Deland C, Nielsen T. Targeted memory reactivation has a sleep stage-specific delayed effect on dream content. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13391. [PMID: 34018262 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although new learning is known to reappear in later dream scenarios, the timing of such reappearances remains unclear. Sometimes, references to new learning occur relatively quickly, 1 day post-learning (day-residue effect); at other times there may be a substantive delay, 5-7 days, before such references appear (dream-lag effect). We studied temporal delays in dream reactivation following the learning of a virtual reality (VR) flying task using 10-day home sleep/dream logs, and how these might be influenced by targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Participants were exposed twice to a VR task in the sleep laboratory; once before and once after a 2-hr opportunity to nap (n = 65) or to read (n = 32). Auditory cues associated with the VR task were replayed in either wake, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, slow-wave sleep (SWS) or were not replayed. Although we previously showed that TMR cueing did not have an immediate effect on dream content, in the present study we extend these results by showing that TMR in sleep has instead a delayed effect on task-dream reactivations: participants dreamed more about the task 1-2 days later when TMR was applied in REM sleep and 5-6 days later when it was applied in SWS sleep, compared to participants with no cueing. Findings may help explain the temporal relationships between dream and memory reactivations and clarify the occurrence of day-residue and dream-lag phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Picard-Deland
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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29
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Picard-Deland C, Aumont T, Samson-Richer A, Paquette T, Nielsen T. Whole-body procedural learning benefits from targeted memory reactivation in REM sleep and task-related dreaming. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 183:107460. [PMID: 34015442 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep facilitates memory consolidation through offline reactivations of memory traces. Dreaming may play a role in memory improvement and may reflect these memory reactivations. To experimentally address this question, we used targeted memory reactivation (TMR), i.e., application, during sleep, of a stimulus that was previously associated with learning, to assess whether it influences task-related dream imagery (or task-dream reactivations). Specifically, we asked if TMR or task-dream reactivations in either slow-wave (SWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep benefit whole-body procedural learning. Healthy participants completed a virtual reality (VR) flying task prior to and following a morning nap or rest period during which task-associated tones were readministered in either SWS, REM sleep, wake or not at all. Findings indicate that learning benefits most from TMR when applied in REM sleep compared to a Control-sleep group. REM dreams that reactivated kinesthetic elements of the VR task (e.g., flying, accelerating) were also associated with higher improvement on the task than were dreams that reactivated visual elements (e.g., landscapes) or that had no reactivations. TMR did not itself influence dream content but its effects on performance were greater when coexisting with task-dream reactivations in REM sleep. Findings may help explain the mechanistic relationships between dream and memory reactivations and may contribute to the development of sleep-based methods to optimize complex skill learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Picard-Deland
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tomy Aumont
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Samson-Richer
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tyna Paquette
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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30
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Small Enhancement of Bimanual Typing Performance after 20 Sessions of tDCS in Healthy Young Adults. Neuroscience 2021; 466:26-35. [PMID: 33974964 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that may improve motor learning. However, the long-term effects of tDCS have not been explored, and the ecological validity of the evaluated tasks was limited. To determine whether 20 sessions of tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) would enhance the performance of a complex life motor skill, i.e., typing, in healthy young adults. Healthy young adults (n = 60) were semi-randomly assigned to three groups: the tDCS group (n = 20) received anodal tDCS over M1; the SHAM group (n = 20) received sham tDCS, both while performing a typing task; and the Control group (CON, n = 20) only performed the typing task. Typing speed and errors at maximum (mTT) and submaximal (iTT) speeds were measured before training, and after 10 and 20 sessions of tDCS. Every subject increased maximum typing speed after 10 and 20 tDCS sessions, with no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the groups. The number of errors at submaximal rates decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by 4% after 10 tDCS sessions compared with the 3% increase in the SHAM and the 2% increase in the CON groups. Between the 10th and 20th tDCS sessions, the number of typing errors increased significantly in all groups. While anodal tDCS reduced typing errors marginally, such performance-enhancing effects plateaued after 10 sessions without any further improvements in typing speed. These findings suggest that long-term tDCS may not have functionally relevant effects on healthy young adults' typing performance.
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31
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Veldman MP, Dolfen N, Gann MA, Carrier J, King BR, Albouy G. Somatosensory Targeted Memory Reactivation Modulates Oscillatory Brain Activity but not Motor Memory Consolidation. Neuroscience 2021; 465:203-218. [PMID: 33823218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that targeted memory reactivation (TMR) protocols using acoustic or olfactory stimuli can boost motor memory consolidation. While somatosensory information is crucial for motor control and learning, the effects of somatosensory TMR on motor memory consolidation remain elusive. Here, healthy young adults (n = 28) were trained on a sequential serial reaction time task and received, during the offline consolidation period that followed, sequential electrical stimulation of the fingers involved in the task. This somatosensory TMR procedure was applied during either a 90-minute diurnal sleep (NAP) or wake (NONAP) interval that was monitored with electroencephalography. Consolidation was assessed with a retest following the NAP/NONAP episode. Behavioral results revealed no effect of TMR on motor performance in either of the groups. At the brain level, somatosensory stimulation elicited changes in oscillatory activity in both groups. Specifically, TMR induced an increase in power in the mu band in the NONAP group and in the beta band in both the NAP and NONAP groups. Additionally, TMR elicited an increase in sigma power and a decrease in delta oscillations in the NAP group. None of these TMR-induced modulations of oscillatory activity, however, were correlated with measures of motor memory consolidation. The present results collectively suggest that while somatosensory TMR modulates oscillatory brain activity during post-learning sleep and wakefulness, it does not influence motor performance in an immediate retest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno P Veldman
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Nina Dolfen
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mareike A Gann
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Carrier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bradley R King
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Albouy
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Gomez-Pilar J, Gutiérrez-Tobal GC, Poza J, Fogel S, Doyon J, Northoff G, Hornero R. Spectral and temporal characterization of sleep spindles-methodological implications. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33618345 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abe8ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Nested into slow oscillations (SOs) and modulated by their up-states, spindles are electrophysiological hallmarks of N2 sleep stage that present a complex hierarchical architecture. However, most studies have only described spindles in basic statistical terms, which were limited to the spindle itself without analyzing the characteristics of the pre-spindle moments in which the SOs are originated. The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to apply spectral and temporal measures to the pre-spindle and spindle periods, as well as analyze the correlation between them, and (b) to evaluate the potential of these spectral and temporal measures in future automatic detection algorithms.Approach. An automatic spindle detection algorithm was applied to the overnight electroencephalographic recordings of 26 subjects. Ten complementary features (five spectral and five temporal parameters) were computed in the pre-spindle and spindle periods after their segmentation. These features were computed independently in each period and in a time-resolved way (sliding window). After the statistical comparison of both periods, a correlation analysis was used to assess their interrelationships. Finally, a receiver operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis along with a bootstrap procedure was conducted to further evaluate the degree of separability between the pre-spindle and spindle periods.Main results. The results show important time-varying changes in spectral and temporal parameters. The features calculated in pre-spindle and spindle periods are strongly and significantly correlated, demonstrating the association between the pre-spindle characteristics and the subsequent spindle. The ROC analysis exposes that the typical feature used in automatic spindle detectors, i.e. the power in the sigma band, is outperformed by other features, such as the spectral entropy in this frequency range.Significance. The novel features applied here demonstrate their utility as predictors of spindles that could be incorporated into novel algorithms of automatic spindle detectors, in which the analysis of the pre-spindle period becomes relevant for improving their performance. From the clinical point of view, these features may serve as novel precision therapeutic targets to enhance spindle production with the aim of improving memory, cognition, and sleep quality in healthy and clinical populations. The results evidence the need for characterizing spindles in terms beyond power and the spindle period itself to more dynamic measures and the pre-spindle period. Physiologically, these findings suggest that spindles are more than simple oscillations, but nonstable oscillatory bursts embedded in the complex pre-spindle dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo C Gutiérrez-Tobal
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Poza
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain.,IMUVA, Mathematics Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Stuart Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de 8 Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Roberto Hornero
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain.,IMUVA, Mathematics Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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33
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Splitting sleep between the night and a daytime nap reduces homeostatic sleep pressure and enhances long-term memory. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5275. [PMID: 33674679 PMCID: PMC7935993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Daytime naps have been linked with enhanced memory encoding and consolidation. It remains unclear how a daily napping schedule impacts learning throughout the day, and whether these effects are the same for well-rested and sleep restricted individuals. We compared memory in 112 adolescents who underwent two simulated school weeks containing 8 or 6.5 h sleep opportunities each day. Sleep episodes were nocturnal or split between nocturnal sleep and a 90-min afternoon nap, creating four experimental groups: 8 h-continuous, 8 h-split, 6.5 h-continuous and 6.5 h-split. Declarative memory was assessed with picture encoding and an educationally realistic factual knowledge task. Splitting sleep significantly enhanced afternoon picture encoding and factual knowledge under both 6.5 h and 8 h durations. Splitting sleep also significantly reduced slow-wave energy during nocturnal sleep, suggesting lower homeostatic sleep pressure during the day. There was no negative impact of the split sleep schedule on morning performance, despite a reduction in nocturnal sleep. These findings suggest that naps could be incorporated into a daily sleep schedule that provides sufficient sleep and benefits learning.
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34
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Spencer RMC. The role of naps in memory and executive functioning in early childhood. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 60:139-158. [PMID: 33641791 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While sleep, including naps, has been shown to benefit many cognitive functions in adults, understanding whether naps are beneficial in early childhood has important translational implications. Here we review recent studies which, collectively, suggest that naps indeed benefit cognition at this age. Specifically, declarative, motor, and emotional memory are better if a nap follows learning. Executive functions such as attention and emotion processing are likewise better following sleep. However, a better understanding of the mechanism supporting these benefits and the generalizability to other forms of learning and executive functions is necessary. It is important for future research to extend such findings, which may promote the use of naps to support early education, particularly for learning-impaired children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M C Spencer
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
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35
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Post-learning micro- and macro-structural neuroplasticity changes with time and sleep. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 191:114369. [PMID: 33338474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the fact that our brain can partially modify both structure and function to adequately respond to novel environmental stimulations. Neuroplasticity mechanisms are not only operating during the acquisition of novel information (i.e., online) but also during the offline periods that take place after the end of the actual learning episode. Structural brain changes as a consequence of learning have been consistently demonstrated on the long term using non-invasive neuroimaging methods, but short-term changes remained more elusive. Fortunately, the swift development of advanced MR methods over the last decade now allows tracking fine-grained cerebral changes on short timescales beyond gross volumetric modifications stretching over several days or weeks. Besides a mere effect of time, post-learning sleep mechanisms have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation and promote long-lasting changes in neural networks. Sleep was shown to contribute to structural modifications over weeks of prolonged training, but studies evidencing more rapid post-training sleep structural effects linked to memory consolidation are still scarce in human. On the other hand, animal studies convincingly show how sleep might modulate synaptic microstructure. We aim here at reviewing the literature establishing a link between different types of training/learning and the resulting structural changes, with an emphasis on the role of post-training sleep and time in tuning these modifications. Open questions are raised such as the role of post-learning sleep in macrostructural changes, the links between different MR structural measurement-related modifications and the underlying microstructural brain processes, and bidirectional influences between structural and functional brain changes.
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Sippel D, Schwabedal J, Snyder JC, Oyanedel CN, Bernas SN, Garthe A, Tröndle A, Storch A, Kempermann G, Brandt MD. Disruption of NREM sleep and sleep-related spatial memory consolidation in mice lacking adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16467. [PMID: 33020501 PMCID: PMC7536189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity at the structural level and sleep at the behavioural level are both essential for memory formation. The link between the two is not well understood. A functional connection between adult neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation during NREM sleep has been hypothesized but not experimentally shown. Here, we present evidence that during a three-day learning session in the Morris water maze task a genetic knockout model of adult neurogenesis (Cyclin D2-/-) showed changes in sleep macro- and microstructure. Sleep EEG analyses revealed a lower total sleep time and NREM fraction in Cyclin D2-/- mice as well as an impairment of sleep specific neuronal oscillations that are associated with memory consolidation. Better performance in the memory task was associated with specific sleep parameters in wild-type, but not in Cyclin D2-/- mice. In wild-type animals the number of proliferating cells correlated with the amount of NREM sleep. The lack of adult neurogenesis led to changes in sleep architecture and oscillations that represent the dialog between hippocampus and neocortex during sleep. We suggest that adult neurogenesis-as a key event of hippocampal plasticity-might play an important role for sleep-dependent memory consolidation and modulates learning-induced changes of sleep macro- and microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sippel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Schwabedal
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - J C Snyder
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - C N Oyanedel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S N Bernas
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Garthe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Tröndle
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Storch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock, 18147, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - G Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - M D Brandt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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37
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González OC, Sokolov Y, Krishnan GP, Delanois JE, Bazhenov M. Can sleep protect memories from catastrophic forgetting? eLife 2020; 9:e51005. [PMID: 32748786 PMCID: PMC7440920 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Continual learning remains an unsolved problem in artificial neural networks. The brain has evolved mechanisms to prevent catastrophic forgetting of old knowledge during new training. Building upon data suggesting the importance of sleep in learning and memory, we tested a hypothesis that sleep protects old memories from being forgotten after new learning. In the thalamocortical model, training a new memory interfered with previously learned old memories leading to degradation and forgetting of the old memory traces. Simulating sleep after new learning reversed the damage and enhanced old and new memories. We found that when a new memory competed for previously allocated neuronal/synaptic resources, sleep replay changed the synaptic footprint of the old memory to allow overlapping neuronal populations to store multiple memories. Our study predicts that memory storage is dynamic, and sleep enables continual learning by combining consolidation of new memory traces with reconsolidation of old memory traces to minimize interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar C González
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Yury Sokolov
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Giri P Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Jean Erik Delanois
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Maxim Bazhenov
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
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Peyrache A, Seibt J. A mechanism for learning with sleep spindles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190230. [PMID: 32248788 PMCID: PMC7209910 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindles are ubiquitous oscillations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. A growing body of evidence points to a possible link with learning and memory, and the underlying mechanisms are now starting to be unveiled. Specifically, spindles are associated with increased dendritic activity and high intracellular calcium levels, a situation favourable to plasticity, as well as with control of spiking output by feed-forward inhibition. During spindles, thalamocortical networks become unresponsive to inputs, thus potentially preventing interference between memory-related internal information processing and extrinsic signals. At the system level, spindles are co-modulated with other major NREM oscillations, including hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) and neocortical slow waves, both previously shown to be associated with learning and memory. The sequential occurrence of reactivation at the time of SWRs followed by neuronal plasticity-promoting spindles is a possible mechanism to explain NREM sleep-dependent consolidation of memories. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Peyrache
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1A1
| | - Julie Seibt
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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The Degree of Nesting between Spindles and Slow Oscillations Modulates Neural Synchrony. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4673-4684. [PMID: 32371605 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2682-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindles and slow oscillations (SOs) both appear to play an important role in memory consolidation. Spindle and SO "nesting," or the temporal overlap between the two events, is believed to modulate consolidation. However, the neurophysiological processes modified by nesting remain poorly understood. We thus recorded activity from the primary motor cortex of 4 male sleeping rats to investigate how SO and spindles interact to modulate the correlation structure of neural firing. During spindles, primary motor cortex neurons fired at a preferred phase, with neural pairs demonstrating greater neural synchrony, or correlated firing, during spindle peaks. We found a direct relationship between the temporal proximity between SO and spindles, and changes to the distribution of neural correlations; nesting was associated with narrowing of the distribution, with a reduction in low- and high-correlation pairs. Such narrowing may be consistent with greater exploration of neural states. Interestingly, after animals practiced a novel motor task, pairwise correlations increased during nested spindles, consistent with targeted strengthening of functional interactions. These findings may be key mechanisms through which spindle nesting supports memory consolidation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our analysis revealed changes in cortical spiking structure that followed the waxing and waning of spindles; firing rates increased, spikes were more phase-locked to spindle-band local field potential, and synchrony across units peaked during spindles. Moreover, we showed that the degree of nesting between spindles and slow oscillations modified the correlation structure across units by narrowing the distribution of pairwise correlations. Finally, we demonstrated that engaging in a novel motor task increased pairwise correlations during nested spindles. These phenomena suggest key mechanisms through which the interaction of spindles and slow oscillations may support sensorimotor learning. More broadly, this work helps link large-scale measures of population activity to changes in spiking structure, a critical step in understanding neuroplasticity across multiple scales.
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40
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Boutin A, Doyon J. A sleep spindle framework for motor memory consolidation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190232. [PMID: 32248783 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindle activity has repeatedly been found to contribute to brain plasticity and consolidation of both declarative and procedural memories. Here we propose a framework for motor memory consolidation that outlines the essential contribution of the hierarchical and multi-scale periodicity of spindle activity, as well as of the synchronization and interaction of brain oscillations during this sleep-dependent process. We posit that the clustering of sleep spindles in 'trains', together with the temporally organized alternation between spindles and associated refractory periods, is critical for efficient reprocessing and consolidation of motor memories. We further argue that the long-term retention of procedural memories relies on the synchronized (functional connectivity) local reprocessing of new information across segregated, but inter-connected brain regions that are involved in the initial learning process. Finally, we propose that oscillatory synchrony in the spindle frequency band may reflect the cross-structural reactivation, reorganization and consolidation of motor, and potentially declarative, memory traces within broader subcortical-cortical networks during sleep. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boutin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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41
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A Novel Microwave Treatment for Sleep Disorders and Classification of Sleep Stages Using Multi-Scale Entropy. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22030347. [PMID: 33286121 PMCID: PMC7516818 DOI: 10.3390/e22030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an integrated system of non-contact sleep stage detection and sleep disorder treatment for health monitoring. Hence, a method of brain activity detection based on microwave scattering technology instead of scalp electroencephalogram was developed to evaluate the sleep stage. First, microwaves at a specific frequency were used to penetrate the functional sites of the brain in patients with sleep disorders to change the firing frequency of the activated areas of the brain and analyze and evaluate statistically the effects on sleep improvement. Then, a wavelet packet algorithm was used to decompose the microwave transmission signal, the refined composite multiscale sample entropy, the refined composite multiscale fluctuation-based dispersion entropy and multivariate multiscale weighted permutation entropy were obtained as features from the wavelet packet coefficient. Finally, the mutual information-principal component analysis feature selection method was used to optimize the feature set and random forest was used to classify and evaluate the sleep stage. The results show that after four times of microwave modulation treatment, sleep efficiency improved continuously, the overall maintenance was above 80%, and the insomnia rate was reduced gradually. The overall classification accuracy of the four sleep stages was 86.4%. The results indicate that the microwaves with a certain frequency can treat sleep disorders and detect abnormal brain activity. Therefore, the microwave scattering method is of great significance in the development of a new brain disease treatment, diagnosis and clinical application system.
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Canales-Johnson A, Merlo E, Bekinschtein TA, Arzi A. Neural Dynamics of Associative Learning during Human Sleep. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:1708-1715. [PMID: 31690927 PMCID: PMC7132910 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that humans can learn entirely new information during sleep. To elucidate the neural dynamics underlying sleep-learning, we investigated brain activity during auditory–olfactory discriminatory associative learning in human sleep. We found that learning-related delta and sigma neural changes are involved in early acquisition stages, when new associations are being formed. In contrast, learning-related theta activity emerged in later stages of the learning process, after tone–odor associations were already established. These findings suggest that learning new associations during sleep is signaled by a dynamic interplay between slow-waves, sigma, and theta activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Canales-Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez 9170022, Santiago, Chile.,The Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica del Maule 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - Emiliano Merlo
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.,IFIBIO-Houssay, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
| | | | - Anat Arzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
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Hu X, Cheng LY, Chiu MH, Paller KA. Promoting memory consolidation during sleep: A meta-analysis of targeted memory reactivation. Psychol Bull 2020; 146:218-244. [PMID: 32027149 PMCID: PMC7144680 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) is a methodology employed to manipulate memory processing during sleep. TMR studies have great potential to advance understanding of sleep-based memory consolidation and corresponding neural mechanisms. Research making use of TMR has developed rapidly, with over 70 articles published in the last decade, yet no quantitative analysis exists to evaluate the overall effects. Here we present the first meta-analysis of sleep TMR, compiled from 91 experiments with 212 effect sizes (N = 2,004). Based on multilevel modeling, overall sleep TMR was highly effective (Hedges' g = 0.29, 95% CI [0.21, 0.38]), with a significant effect for two stages of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep (Stage NREM 2: Hedges' g = 0.32, 95% CI [0.04, 0.60]; and slow-wave sleep: Hedges' g = 0.27, 95% CI [0.20, 0.35]). In contrast, TMR was not effective during REM sleep nor during wakefulness in the present analyses. Several analysis strategies were used to address the potential relevance of publication bias. Additional analyses showed that TMR improved memory across multiple domains, including declarative memory and skill acquisition. Given that TMR can reinforce many types of memory, it could be useful for various educational and clinical applications. Overall, the present meta-analysis provides substantial support for the notion that TMR can influence memory storage during NREM sleep, and that this method can be useful for understanding neurocognitive mechanisms of memory consolidation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Larry Y. Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Man Hey Chiu
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken A. Paller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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44
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Li W, Duan Y, Yan J, Gao H, Li X. Association between Loss of Sleep-specific Waves and Age, Sleep Efficiency, Body Mass Index, and Apnea-Hypopnea Index in Human N3 Sleep. Aging Dis 2020; 11:73-81. [PMID: 32010482 PMCID: PMC6961777 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles (SS) and K-complexes (KC) play important roles in human sleep. It has been reported that age, body mass index (BMI), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) may influence the number of SS or KC in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) 2 (N2) sleep. In this study, we investigated whether the loss of SS or KC is associated with the above factors in NREM 3 (N3) sleep. A total of 152 cases were enrolled from 2013 to 2017. The correlations between the number of SS or KC in N3 sleep and participants’ characteristics were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. Chi-squared test was used to assess the effects of age, sleep efficiency, and BMI on the loss of N3 sleep, N3 spindle and N3 KC. Our results showed that there were negative correlations between the number of SS in N3 sleep with age, BMI, and AHI (P < 0.001), and similar trends were found for KC as well. The loss of SS and KC in N3 sleep was related with age, BMI, and AHI (P < 0.01), as was the loss of N3 sleep (P < 0.01). However, sleep efficiency was not related with the loss of N3 sleep, SS and KC in N3 sleep (P > 0.05). The present study supports that age, BMI, and AHI are all influencing factors of SS and KC loss in human N3 sleep, but sleep efficiency was not an influencing factor in the loss of N3 sleep and the loss of SS and KC in N3 sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Duan
- 2Clinical Sleep Medical Center, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- 3College of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - He Gao
- 2Clinical Sleep Medical Center, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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45
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Marshall L, Cross N, Binder S, Dang-Vu TT. Brain Rhythms During Sleep and Memory Consolidation: Neurobiological Insights. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:4-15. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00004.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep can benefit memory consolidation. The characterization of brain regions underlying memory consolidation during sleep, as well as their temporal interplay, reflected by specific patterns of brain electric activity, is surfacing. Here, we provide an overview of recent concepts and results on the mechanisms of sleep-related memory consolidation. The latest studies strongly impacting future directions of research in this field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marshall
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Nathan Cross
- Perform Center, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, and Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonja Binder
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Perform Center, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, and Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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46
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Reward does not facilitate visual perceptual learning until sleep occurs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:959-968. [PMID: 31892542 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913079117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that visual perceptual learning (VPL) is enhanced by reward provided during training. Another line of studies has shown that sleep following training also plays a role in facilitating VPL, an effect known as the offline performance gain of VPL. However, whether the effects of reward and sleep interact on VPL remains unclear. Here, we show that reward interacts with sleep to facilitate offline performance gains of VPL. First, we demonstrated a significantly larger offline performance gain over a 12-h interval including sleep in a reward group than that in a no-reward group. However, the offline performance gains over the 12-h interval without sleep were not significantly different with or without reward during training, indicating a crucial interaction between reward and sleep in VPL. Next, we tested whether neural activations during posttraining sleep were modulated after reward was provided during training. Reward provided during training enhanced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time, increased oscillatory activities for reward processing in the prefrontal region during REM sleep, and inhibited neural activation in the untrained region in early visual areas in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep. The offline performance gains were significantly correlated with oscillatory activities of visual processing during NREM sleep and reward processing during REM sleep in the reward group but not in the no-reward group. These results suggest that reward provided during training becomes effective during sleep, with excited reward processing sending inhibitory signals to suppress noise in visual processing, resulting in larger offline performance gains over sleep.
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47
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Abstract
Sleep spindles are burstlike signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the sleeping mammalian brain and electrical surface correlates of neuronal oscillations in thalamus. As one of the most inheritable sleep EEG signatures, sleep spindles probably reflect the strength and malleability of thalamocortical circuits that underlie individual cognitive profiles. We review the characteristics, organization, regulation, and origins of sleep spindles and their implication in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and its functions, focusing on human and rodent. Spatially, sleep spindle-related neuronal activity appears on scales ranging from small thalamic circuits to functional cortical areas, and generates a cortical state favoring intracortical plasticity while limiting cortical output. Temporally, sleep spindles are discrete events, part of a continuous power band, and elements grouped on an infraslow time scale over which NREMS alternates between continuity and fragility. We synthesize diverse and seemingly unlinked functions of sleep spindles for sleep architecture, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and cognitive abilities into a unifying sleep spindle concept, according to which sleep spindles 1) generate neural conditions of large-scale functional connectivity and plasticity that outlast their appearance as discrete EEG events, 2) appear preferentially in thalamic circuits engaged in learning and attention-based experience during wakefulness, and 3) enable a selective reactivation and routing of wake-instated neuronal traces between brain areas such as hippocampus and cortex. Their fine spatiotemporal organization reflects NREMS as a physiological state coordinated over brain and body and may indicate, if not anticipate and ultimately differentiate, pathologies in sleep and neurodevelopmental, -degenerative, and -psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M J Fernandez
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita Lüthi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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48
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Kam K, Pettibone WD, Shim K, Chen RK, Varga AW. Dynamics of sleep spindles and coupling to slow oscillations following motor learning in adult mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 166:107100. [PMID: 31622665 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sleep spindles have been implicated in motor learning in human subjects, but their occurrence, timing in relation to cortical slow oscillations, and relationship to offline gains in motor learning have not been examined in animal models. In this study, we recorded EEG over bilateral primary motor cortex in conjunction with EMG for 24 h following a period of either baseline handling or following rotarod motor learning to monitor sleep. We measured several biophysical properties of sleep spindles and their temporal coupling with cortical slow oscillations (SO, <1 Hz) and cortical delta waves (1-4 Hz). Following motor learning, we found an increase in spindles during an early period of NREM sleep (1-4 h) without changes to biophysical properties such as spindle power, peak frequency and coherence. In this same period of early NREM sleep, both SO and delta power increased after motor learning. Notably, a vast majority of spindles were associated with minimal SO power, but in the subset that were associated with significant SO power (>1 z-score above the population mean), spindle-associated SO power was greater in spindles following motor learning compared to baseline sleep. Also, we did not observe a group-level preferred phase in spindle-SO or spindle-delta coupling. While SO power alone was not predictive of motor performance in early NREM sleep, both spindle density and the difference in the magnitude of the mean resultant vector length of the phase angle for SO-associated spindles, a measure of its coupling precision, were positively correlated with offline change in motor performance. These findings support a role for sleep spindles and their coupling to slow oscillations in motor learning and establish a model in which spindle timing and the brain circuits that support offline plasticity can be mechanistically explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korey Kam
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ward D Pettibone
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Shim
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rebecca K Chen
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew W Varga
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Tamaki M, Wang Z, Watanabe T, Sasaki Y. Trained-feature-specific offline learning by sleep in an orientation detection task. J Vis 2019; 19:12. [PMID: 31622472 PMCID: PMC6797476 DOI: 10.1167/19.12.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Training-induced performance gains in a visual perceptual learning (VPL) task that take place during sleep are termed "offline performance gains." Offline performance gains of VPL so far have been reported in the texture discrimination task and other discrimination tasks. This raises the question as to whether offline performance gains on VPL occur exclusively in discrimination tasks. The present study examined whether offline performance gains occur in detection tasks. In Experiment 1, subjects were trained on a Gabor orientation detection task. They were retested after a 12-hr interval, which included either nightly sleep or only wakefulness. Offline performance gains occurred only after sleep on the trained orientation, not on an untrained orientation. In Experiment 2, we tested whether offline performance gains in the detection task occur over a nap using polysomnography. Moreover, we tested whether sigma activity during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep recorded from occipital electrodes, previously implicated in offline performance gains of the texture discrimination task, was associated with the degree of offline performance gains of the Gabor orientation detection task. We replicated offline performance gains on the trained orientation in the detection task over the nap. Sigma activity during NREM sleep was significantly larger in the occipital electrodes relative to control electrodes in correlation with offline performance gains. The results suggest that offline performance gains occur over the sleep period generally in VPL. Moreover, sigma activity in the occipital region during NREM sleep may play an important role in offline performance gains of VPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Tamaki
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Takeo Watanabe
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Abstract
Sleep is a behavioral phenomenon conserved among mammals and some invertebrates, yet the biological functions of sleep are still being elucidated. In humans, sleep time becomes shorter, more fragmented, and of poorer quality with advancing age. Epidemiologically, the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease is associated with pronounced sleep disruption, whereas emerging mechanistic studies suggest that sleep disruption may be causally linked to neurodegenerative pathology, suggesting that sleep may represent a key therapeutic target in the prevention of these conditions. In this review, we discuss the physiology of sleep, the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease, and the current literature supporting the relationship between sleep, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno M Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - James Goodman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
- Veterans Integrated Service Network 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Puget Sound Health Care System, Mail Stop 116-MIRECC, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, Washington, 98108, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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