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Jarc L, Bandral M, Zanfrini E, Lesche M, Kufrin V, Sendra R, Pezzolla D, Giannios I, Khattak S, Neumann K, Ludwig B, Gavalas A. Regulation of multiple signaling pathways promotes the consistent expansion of human pancreatic progenitors in defined conditions. eLife 2024; 12:RP89962. [PMID: 38180318 PMCID: PMC10945307 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The unlimited expansion of human progenitor cells in vitro could unlock many prospects for regenerative medicine. However, it remains an important challenge as it requires the decoupling of the mechanisms supporting progenitor self-renewal and expansion from those mechanisms promoting their differentiation. This study focuses on the expansion of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cell-derived pancreatic progenitors (PP) to advance novel therapies for diabetes. We obtained mechanistic insights into PP expansion requirements and identified conditions for the robust and unlimited expansion of hPS cell-derived PP cells under GMP-compliant conditions through a hypothesis-driven iterative approach. We show that the combined stimulation of specific mitogenic pathways, suppression of retinoic acid signaling, and inhibition of selected branches of the TGFβ and Wnt signaling pathways are necessary for the effective decoupling of PP proliferation from differentiation. This enabled the reproducible, 2000-fold, over 10 passages and 40-45 d, expansion of PDX1+/SOX9+/NKX6-1+ PP cells. Transcriptome analyses confirmed the stabilization of PP identity and the effective suppression of differentiation. Using these conditions, PDX1+/SOX9+/NKX6-1+ PP cells, derived from different, both XY and XX, hPS cell lines, were enriched to nearly 90% homogeneity and expanded with very similar kinetics and efficiency. Furthermore, non-expanded and expanded PP cells, from different hPS cell lines, were differentiated in microwells into homogeneous islet-like clusters (SC-islets) with very similar efficiency. These clusters contained abundant β-cells of comparable functionality as assessed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays. These findings established the signaling requirements to decouple PP proliferation from differentiation and allowed the consistent expansion of hPS cell-derived PP cells. They will enable the establishment of large banks of GMP-produced PP cells derived from diverse hPS cell lines. This approach will streamline SC-islet production for further development of the differentiation process, diabetes research, personalized medicine, and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Jarc
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
| | - Manuj Bandral
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
| | - Elisa Zanfrini
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Dresden Concept Genome Centre (DcGC), TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB) Technology Platform, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Vida Kufrin
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
| | - Raquel Sendra
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
| | - Daniela Pezzolla
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Ioannis Giannios
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
| | - Shahryar Khattak
- Stem Cell Engineering Facility, (SCEF), CRTD, Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Stem Cell Engineering Facility, (SCEF), CRTD, Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)MunichGermany
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2
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Malhotra P, Palanisamy R, Caparros-Martin JA, Falasca M. Bile Acids and Microbiota Interplay in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3573. [PMID: 37509236 PMCID: PMC10377396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests the involvement of the microbiota, including oral, intra-tumoral and gut, in pancreatic cancer progression and response to therapy. The gut microbiota modulates the bile acid pool and is associated with maintaining host physiology. Studies have shown that the bile acid/gut microbiota axis is dysregulated in pancreatic cancer. Bile acid receptor expression and bile acid levels are dysregulated in pancreatic cancer as well. Studies have also shown that bile acids can cause pancreatic cell injury and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. The microbiota and its metabolites, including bile acids, are also altered in other conditions considered risk factors for pancreatic cancer development and can alter responses to chemotherapeutic treatments, thus affecting patient outcomes. Altogether, these findings suggest that the gut microbial and/or bile acid profiles could also serve as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer detection. This review will discuss the current knowledge on the interaction between gut microbiota interaction and bile acid metabolism in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Malhotra
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ranjith Palanisamy
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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3
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Singh SP, Chawla P, Hnatiuk A, Kamel M, Silva LD, Spanjaard B, Eski SE, Janjuha S, Olivares-Chauvet P, Kayisoglu O, Rost F, Bläsche J, Kränkel A, Petzold A, Kurth T, Reinhardt S, Junker JP, Ninov N. A single-cell atlas of de novo β-cell regeneration reveals the contribution of hybrid β/δ-cells to diabetes recovery in zebrafish. Development 2022; 149:274140. [PMID: 35088828 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration-competent species possess the ability to reverse the progression of severe diseases by restoring the function of the damaged tissue. However, the cellular dynamics underlying this capability remain unexplored. Here, we have used single-cell transcriptomics to map de novo β-cell regeneration during induction and recovery from diabetes in zebrafish. We show that the zebrafish has evolved two distinct types of somatostatin-producing δ-cells, which we term δ1- and δ2-cells. Moreover, we characterize a small population of glucose-responsive islet cells, which share the hormones and fate-determinants of both β- and δ1-cells. The transcriptomic analysis of β-cell regeneration reveals that β/δ hybrid cells provide a prominent source of insulin expression during diabetes recovery. Using in vivo calcium imaging and cell tracking, we further show that the hybrid cells form de novo and acquire glucose-responsiveness in the course of regeneration. The overexpression of dkk3, a gene enriched in hybrid cells, increases their formation in the absence of β-cell injury. Finally, interspecies comparison shows that plastic δ1-cells are partially related to PP cells in the human pancreas. Our work provides an atlas of β-cell regeneration and indicates that the rapid formation of glucose-responsive hybrid cells contributes to the resolution of diabetes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Pal Singh
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Prateek Chawla
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alisa Hnatiuk
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Margrit Kamel
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Luis Delgadillo Silva
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bastiaan Spanjaard
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sema Elif Eski
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sharan Janjuha
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Olivares-Chauvet
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oezge Kayisoglu
- The Julius Maximilian University of Wurzburg, 97070 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Rost
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Bläsche
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Kränkel
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurth
- TUD, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technology Platform, EM-Facility, Technische Universitaät Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Reinhardt
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Junker
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Cui M, Göbel V, Zhang H. Uncovering the 'sphinx' of sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling: from cellular events to organ morphogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:251-272. [PMID: 34585505 PMCID: PMC9292677 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, functioning as a signalling molecule in diverse cellular processes. Over the past few decades, studies of S1P signalling have revealed that the physiological activity of S1P largely depends on S1P metabolizing enzymes, transporters and receptors on the plasma membrane, as well as on the intracellular proteins that S1P binds directly to. In addition to its roles in cancer signalling, immunity and inflammation, a large body of evidence has identified a close link of S1P signalling with organ morphogenesis. Here we discuss the vital role of S1P signalling in orchestrating various cellular events during organ morphogenesis through analysing each component along the extracellular and intracellular S1P signalling axes. For each component, we review advances in our understanding of S1P signalling and function from the upstream regulators to the downstream effectors and from cellular behaviours to tissue organization, primarily in the context of morphogenetic mechanisms. S1P-mediated vesicular trafficking is also discussed as a function independent of its signalling function. A picture emerges that reveals a multifaceted role of S1P-dependent pathways in the development and maintenance of organ structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Cui
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Verena Göbel
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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5
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Chen X, Yuan W, Li Y, Luo J, Hou N. Role of Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway and its crosstalk in cardiac biology. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2454-2463. [PMID: 32760212 PMCID: PMC7378646 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway undertakes a pivotal role in organ size control and the process of physiology and pathology in tissue. Its downstream effectors YAP1 and TAZ receive upstream stimuli and exert transcription activity to produce biological output. Studies have demonstrated that the Hippo pathway contributes to maintenance of cardiac homeostasis and occurrence of cardiac disease. And these cardiac biological events are affected by crosstalk among Hippo-YAP1/TAZ, Wnt/β-catenin, Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, which provides new insights into the Hippo pathway in heart. This review delineates the interaction among Hippo, Wnt, BMP and GPCR pathways and discusses the effects of these pathways in cardiac biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wenchang Yuan
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yilang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jiandong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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6
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Chen Q, Rehman J, Chan M, Fu P, Dudek SM, Natarajan V, Malik AB, Liu Y. Angiocrine Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Activation of S1PR2-YAP Signaling Axis in Alveolar Type II Cells Is Essential for Lung Repair. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107828. [PMID: 32610129 PMCID: PMC7371431 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolar epithelium is composed of alveolar type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) cells. AT1 cells mediate gas exchange, whereas AT2 cells act as progenitor cells to repair injured alveoli. Lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVECs) play a crucial but still poorly understood role in regulating alveolar repair. Here, we studied the role of the LMVEC-derived bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in promoting alveolar repair using mice with endothelial-specific deletion of sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), the key enzyme promoting S1P generation. These mutant lungs developed airspace-enlargement lesions and exhibited a reduced number of AT1 cells after Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-induced lung injury. We demonstrated that S1P released by LMVECs acted via its receptor, S1PR2, on AT2 cells and induced nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP), a regulator of AT2 to AT1 transition. Thus, angiocrine S1P released after injury acts via the S1PR2-YAP signaling axis on AT2 cells to promote AT2 to AT1 differentiation required for alveolar repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Manwai Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuru Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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8
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Korchynska S, Krassnitzer M, Malenczyk K, Prasad RB, Tretiakov EO, Rehman S, Cinquina V, Gernedl V, Farlik M, Petersen J, Hannes S, Schachenhofer J, Reisinger SN, Zambon A, Asplund O, Artner I, Keimpema E, Lubec G, Mulder J, Bock C, Pollak DD, Romanov RA, Pifl C, Groop L, Hökfelt TGM, Harkany T. Life-long impairment of glucose homeostasis upon prenatal exposure to psychostimulants. EMBO J 2020; 39:e100882. [PMID: 31750562 PMCID: PMC6939201 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal drug abuse during pregnancy is a rapidly escalating societal problem. Psychostimulants, including amphetamine, cocaine, and methamphetamine, are amongst the illicit drugs most commonly consumed by pregnant women. Neuropharmacology concepts posit that psychostimulants affect monoamine signaling in the nervous system by their affinities to neurotransmitter reuptake and vesicular transporters to heighten neurotransmitter availability extracellularly. Exacerbated dopamine signaling is particularly considered as a key determinant of psychostimulant action. Much less is known about possible adverse effects of these drugs on peripheral organs, and if in utero exposure induces lifelong pathologies. Here, we addressed this question by combining human RNA-seq data with cellular and mouse models of neuroendocrine development. We show that episodic maternal exposure to psychostimulants during pregnancy coincident with the intrauterine specification of pancreatic β cells permanently impairs their ability of insulin production, leading to glucose intolerance in adult female but not male offspring. We link psychostimulant action specifically to serotonin signaling and implicate the sex-specific epigenetic reprogramming of serotonin-related gene regulatory networks upstream from the transcription factor Pet1/Fev as determinants of reduced insulin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomiia Korchynska
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Maria Krassnitzer
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katarzyna Malenczyk
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology CRCSkåne University Hospital MalmöMalmöSweden
| | - Evgenii O Tretiakov
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sabah Rehman
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Valentina Cinquina
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Victoria Gernedl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Julian Petersen
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sophia Hannes
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Julia Schachenhofer
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sonali N Reisinger
- Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyCenter for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alice Zambon
- Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyCenter for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Olof Asplund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology CRCSkåne University Hospital MalmöMalmöSweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and FunctionLund University Diabetes CenterLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Erik Keimpema
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Jan Mulder
- Science for Life LaboratoryKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyCenter for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Roman A Romanov
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology CRCSkåne University Hospital MalmöMalmöSweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
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9
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Begicevic RR, Arfuso F, Falasca M. Bioactive lipids in cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:693-704. [PMID: 31616544 PMCID: PMC6789187 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i9.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumours are known to be a heterogeneous group of cells, which is why they are difficult to eradicate. One possible cause for this is the existence of slow-cycling cancer stem cells (CSCs) endowed with stem cell-like properties of self-renewal, which are responsible for resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In recent years, the role of lipid metabolism has garnered increasing attention in cancer. Specifically, the key roles of enzymes such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in CSCs, have gained particular interest. However, despite accumulating evidence on the role of proteins in controlling lipid metabolism, very little is known about the specific role played by lipid products in CSCs. This review highlights recent findings on the role of lipid metabolism in CSCs, focusing on the specific mechanism by which bioactive lipids regulate the fate of CSCs and their involvement in signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana-Rea Begicevic
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
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Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway and its transcriptional co-activator targets Yorkie/YAP/TAZ first came to attention because of their role in tissue growth control. Over the past 15 years, it has become clear that, like other developmental pathways (e.g. the Wnt, Hedgehog and TGFβ pathways), Hippo signalling is a 'jack of all trades' that is reiteratively used to mediate a range of cellular decision-making processes from proliferation, death and morphogenesis to cell fate determination. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we briefly outline the core pathway and its regulation, and describe the breadth of its roles in animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Robert Davis
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicolas Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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11
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He Y, Shi B, Zhao X, Sui J. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces islet β-cell proliferation and decreases cell apoptosis in high-fat diet/streptozotocin diabetic mice. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3415-3424. [PMID: 31602216 PMCID: PMC6777293 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been reported to enhance the function of islet β-cells, providing a potential therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the effects of S1P on the proliferation and apoptosis of β-cells in type 2 diabetic mice were investigated. The mice were administered intraperitoneal S1P solution daily at a dose of 20 µg/kg for three weeks. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index determination were carried out. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the protein expression of insulin, antigen Ki-67 and S1P receptor isoforms (S1PR1/S1PR2/S1PR3) in pancreatic islets. Compared with the diabetic control (DC) group, the IPGTT results and HOMA-IR index in the S1P treatment group were decreased. The islets in the S1P group exhibited higher insulin immunostaining intensity than the DC group, as well as higher proliferation (P<0.05) and lower apoptosis rates (P<0.05). Positive staining for the S1P receptors S1PR1, S1PR2 and S1PR3 was observed in the cytoplasm and membrane of the islet cells. S1PR1 and S1PR2 proteins showed increased expression in the S1P and DC groups compared with the normal control group (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively), whereas no significant difference was observed in the expression of S1PR3 among these groups. In conclusion, extracellular S1P can induce islet β-cell proliferation and decrease cell apoptosis in diabetic mice. S1P function may be mediated via S1PR1 and S1PR2; therefore, targeting S1P/S1PR signalling pathways may be a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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12
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EMT and Stemness-Key Players in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081136. [PMID: 31398893 PMCID: PMC6721598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and tumor progression are the major cause of death in patients suffering from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumor growth and especially dissemination are typically associated with activation of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. This phenotypic transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal state promotes migration and survival both during development and in cancer progression. When re-activated in pathological contexts such as cancer, this type of developmental process confers additional stemness properties to specific subsets of cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem-like features that are responsible for the propagation of the tumor as well as therapy resistance and cancer relapse, but also for circulating tumor cell release and metastasis. In support of this concept, EMT transcription factors generate cells with stem cell properties and mediate chemoresistance. However, their role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis remains controversial. As such, a better characterization of CSC populations will be crucial in future development of therapies targeting these cells. In this review, we will discuss the latest updates on the mechanisms common to pancreas development and CSC-mediated tumor progression.
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13
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Hao F, Xu Q, Wang J, Yu S, Chang HH, Sinnett-Smith J, Eibl G, Rozengurt E. Lipophilic statins inhibit YAP nuclear localization, co-activator activity and colony formation in pancreatic cancer cells and prevent the initial stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in KrasG12D mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216603. [PMID: 31100067 PMCID: PMC6524808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the impact of statins on Yes-associated Protein (YAP) localization, phosphorylation and transcriptional activity in human and mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Exposure of sparse cultures of PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells to cerivastatin or simvastatin induced a striking re-localization of YAP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and inhibited the expression of the YAP/TEAD-regulated genes Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) and Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61). Statins also prevented YAP nuclear import and expression of CTGF and CYR61 stimulated by the mitogenic combination of insulin and neurotensin in dense culture of these PDAC cells. Cerivastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin and fluvastatin also inhibited colony formation by PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the hydrophilic statin pravastatin did not exert any inhibitory effect even at a high concentration (10 μM). Mechanistically, cerivastatin did not alter the phosphorylation of YAP at Ser127 in either PANC-1 or MiaPaCa-2 cells incubated without or with neurotensin and insulin but blunted the assembly of actin stress fiber in these cells. We extended these findings with human PDAC cells using primary KC and KPC cells, (expressing KrasG12D or both KrasG12D and mutant p53, respectively) isolated from KC or KPC mice. Using cultures of these murine cells, we show that lipophilic statins induced striking YAP translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, inhibited the expression of Ctgf, Cyr61 and Birc5 and profoundly inhibited colony formation of these cells. Administration of simvastatin to KC mice subjected to diet-induced obesity prevented early pancreatic acini depletion and PanIN formation. Collectively, our results show that lipophilic statins restrain YAP activity and proliferation in pancreatic cancer cell models in vitro and attenuates early lesions leading to PDAC in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hao
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinhong Xu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Hua Chang
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - James Sinnett-Smith
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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14
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Yu XX, Qiu WL, Yang L, Zhang Y, He MY, Li LC, Xu CR. Defining multistep cell fate decision pathways during pancreatic development at single-cell resolution. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100164. [PMID: 30737258 PMCID: PMC6463266 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of terminally differentiated cell lineages during organogenesis requires multiple, coordinated cell fate choice steps. However, this process has not been clearly delineated, especially in complex solid organs such as the pancreas. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing in pancreatic cells sorted from multiple genetically modified reporter mouse strains at embryonic stages E9.5-E17.5. We deciphered the developmental trajectories and regulatory strategies of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic lineages as well as intermediate progenitor populations along the developmental pathways. Notably, we discovered previously undefined programs representing the earliest events in islet α- and β-cell lineage allocation as well as the developmental pathway of the "first wave" of α-cell generation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that repressing ERK pathway activity is essential for inducing both α- and β-lineage differentiation. This study provides key insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying cell fate choice and stepwise cell fate commitment and can be used as a resource to guide the induction of functional islet lineage cells from stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao-Yang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease affecting increasing numbers of patients worldwide. Progression to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells, but the pathomechanisms underlying β-cell failure in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus are still poorly defined. Regeneration of β-cell mass from residual islet cells or replacement by β-like cells derived from stem cells holds great promise to stop or reverse disease progression. However, the development of new treatment options is hampered by our limited understanding of human pancreas organogenesis due to the restricted access to primary tissues. Therefore, the challenge is to translate results obtained from preclinical model systems to humans, which requires comparative modelling of β-cell biology in health and disease. Here, we discuss diverse modelling systems across different species that provide spatial and temporal resolution of cellular and molecular mechanisms to understand the evolutionary conserved genotype-phenotype relationship and translate them to humans. In addition, we summarize the latest knowledge on organoids, stem cell differentiation platforms, primary micro-islets and pseudo-islets, bioengineering and microfluidic systems for studying human pancreas development and homeostasis ex vivo. These new modelling systems and platforms have opened novel avenues for exploring the developmental trajectory, physiology, biology and pathology of the human pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.
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16
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Giannios I, Serafimidis I, Anastasiou V, Pezzolla D, Lesche M, Andree C, Bickle M, Gavalas A. Protein Methyltransferase Inhibition Decreases Endocrine Specification Through the Upregulation of Aldh1b1 Expression. Stem Cells 2019; 37:640-651. [PMID: 30681750 PMCID: PMC6850398 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that promote the specification of pancreas progenitors and regulate their self-renewal and differentiation will help to maintain and expand pancreas progenitor cells derived from human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells. This will improve the efficiency of current differentiation protocols of hPS cells into β-cells and bring such cells closer to clinical applications for the therapy of diabetes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1b1 (Aldh1b1) is a mitochondrial enzyme expressed specifically in progenitor cells during mouse pancreas development, and we have shown that its functional inactivation leads to accelerated differentiation and deficient β-cells. In this report, we aimed to identify small molecule inducers of Aldh1b1 expression taking advantage of a mouse embryonic stem (mES) cell Aldh1b1 lacZ reporter line and a pancreas differentiation protocol directing mES cells into pancreatic progenitors. We identified AMI-5, a protein methyltransferase inhibitor, as an Aldh1b1 inducer and showed that it can maintain Aldh1b1 expression in embryonic pancreas explants. This led to a selective reduction in endocrine specification. This effect was due to a downregulation of Ngn3, and it was mediated through Aldh1b1 since the effect was abolished in Aldh1b1 null pancreata. The findings implicated methyltransferase activity in the regulation of endocrine differentiation and showed that methyltransferases can act through specific regulators during pancreas differentiation. Stem Cells 2019;37:640-651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Giannios
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Vivian Anastasiou
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Pezzolla
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Biotechnology Center (Biotec), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cordula Andree
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Bickle
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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17
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Lee DK, Min YS, Yoo SS, Shim HS, Park SY, Sohn UD. Effect of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate on Intracellular Free Ca²⁺ in Cat Esophageal Smooth Muscle Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:546-552. [PMID: 29915165 PMCID: PMC6254643 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive collection of proteins senses local changes in intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) and transduces these signals into responses to agonists. In the present study, we examined the effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on modulation of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations in cat esophageal smooth muscle cells. To measure [Ca²⁺]i levels in cat esophageal smooth muscle cells, we used a fluorescence microscopy with the Fura-2 loading method. S1P produced a concentration-dependent increase in [Ca²⁺]i in the cells. Pretreatment with EGTA, an extracellular Ca²⁺ chelator, decreased the S1P-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]i, and an L-type Ca²⁺-channel blocker, nimodipine, decreased the effect of S1P. This indicates that Ca²⁺ influx may be required for muscle contraction by S1P. When stimulated with thapsigargin, an intracellular calcium chelator, or 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), an InsP3 receptor blocker, the S1P-evoked increase in [Ca²⁺]i was significantly decreased. Treatment with pertussis toxin (PTX), an inhibitor of Gi-protein, suppressed the increase in [Ca²⁺]i evoked by S1P. These results suggest that the S1P-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]i in cat esophageal smooth muscle cells occurs upon the activation of phospholipase C and subsequent release of Ca²⁺ from the InsP3-sensitive Ca²⁺ pool in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that S1P utilized extracellular Ca²⁺ via the L type Ca²⁺ channel, which was dependent on activation of the S1P4 receptor coupled to PTX-sensitive Gi protein, via phospholipase C-mediated Ca²⁺ release from the InsP3-sensitive Ca²⁺ pool in cat esophageal smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sil Min
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Convergence Science and Technology, Jung Won University, Goesan 28054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ng ML, Yarla NS, Menschikowski M, Sukocheva OA. Regulatory role of sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling in progenitor/stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:119-133. [PMID: 30310531 PMCID: PMC6177561 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i9.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced sphingolipid signaling is important for the maintenance of homeostasis. Sphingolipids were demonstrated to function as structural components, second messengers, and regulators of cell growth and survival in normal and disease-affected tissues. Particularly, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and its product sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) operate as mediators and facilitators of proliferation-linked signaling. Unlimited proliferation (self-renewal) within the regulated environment is a hallmark of progenitor/stem cells that was recently associated with the S1P signaling network in vasculature, nervous, muscular, and immune systems. S1P was shown to regulate progenitor-related characteristics in normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs) via G-protein coupled receptors S1Pn (n = 1 to 5). The SphK/S1P axis is crucially involved in the regulation of embryonic development of vasculature and the nervous system, hematopoietic stem cell migration, regeneration of skeletal muscle, and development of multiple sclerosis. The ratio of the S1P receptor expression, localization, and specific S1P receptor-activated downstream effectors influenced the rate of self-renewal and should be further explored as regeneration-related targets. Considering malignant transformation, it is essential to control the level of self-renewal capacity. Proliferation of the progenitor cell should be synchronized with differentiation to provide healthy lifelong function of blood, immune systems, and replacement of damaged or dead cells. The differentiation-related role of SphK/S1P remains poorly assessed. A few pioneering investigations explored pharmacological tools that target sphingolipid signaling and can potentially confine and direct self-renewal towards normal differentiation. Further investigation is required to test the role of the SphK/S1P axis in regulation of self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li Ng
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Sydney NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nagendra S Yarla
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia
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19
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Byrnes LE, Wong DM, Subramaniam M, Meyer NP, Gilchrist CL, Knox SM, Tward AD, Ye CJ, Sneddon JB. Lineage dynamics of murine pancreatic development at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3922. [PMID: 30254276 PMCID: PMC6156586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis requires the complex interactions of multiple cell lineages that coordinate their expansion, differentiation, and maturation over time. Here, we profile the cell types within the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments of the murine pancreas across developmental time using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and genetic lineage tracing. We identify previously underappreciated cellular heterogeneity of the developing mesenchyme and reconstruct potential lineage relationships among the pancreatic mesothelium and mesenchymal cell types. Within the epithelium, we find a previously undescribed endocrine progenitor population, as well as an analogous population in both human fetal tissue and human embryonic stem cells differentiating toward a pancreatic beta cell fate. Further, we identify candidate transcriptional regulators along the differentiation trajectory of this population toward the alpha or beta cell lineages. This work establishes a roadmap of pancreatic development and demonstrates the broad utility of this approach for understanding lineage dynamics in developing organs. Coordinated proliferation and differentiation of diverse cell populations drive pancreatic epithelial and mesenchymal development. Here, the authors profile cell type dynamics in the developing mouse pancreas using single-cell RNA sequencing, identifying mesenchymal subtypes and undescribed endocrine progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Byrnes
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Daniel M Wong
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Meena Subramaniam
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Meyer
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Caroline L Gilchrist
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sarah M Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Aaron D Tward
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Chun J Ye
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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20
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Lidgerwood GE, Pitson SM, Bonder C, Pébay A. Roles of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate in stem cell biology. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 72:42-54. [PMID: 30196008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are unique in their ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types. Because of these features, stem cells are key to the formation of organisms and play fundamental roles in tissue regeneration and repair. Mechanisms controlling their fate are thus fundamental to the development and homeostasis of tissues and organs. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are bioactive phospholipids that play a wide range of roles in multiple cell types, during developmental and pathophysiological events. Considerable evidence now demonstrates the potent roles of LPA and S1P in the biology of pluripotent and adult stem cells, from maintenance to repair. Here we review their roles for each main category of stem cells and explore how those effects impact development and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Lidgerwood
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claudine Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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21
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Modulatory Effects of Fingolimod (FTY720) on the Expression of Sphingolipid Metabolism-Related Genes in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:174-185. [PMID: 29687345 PMCID: PMC6334734 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipid signaling disturbances correlate with Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. We examined the influence of FTY720/fingolimod, a sphingosine analog and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, on the expression of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling genes in a mouse transgenic AD model. Our results demonstrated that AβPP (V717I) transgene led with age to reduced mRNA expression of S1P receptors (S1PRs), sphingosine kinase SPHK2, ceramide kinase CERK, and the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, suggesting a pro-apoptotic shift in 12-month old mice. These changes largely emulated alterations we observed in the human sporadic AD hippocampus: reduced SPHK1, SPHK2, CERK, S1PR1, and BCL2. We observed that the responses to FTY720 treatment were modified by age and notably differed between control (APP-) and AD transgenic (APP+) animals. AβPP (V717I)-expressing 12-month-old animals reacted to fingolimod with wide changes in the gene expression program in cortex and hippocampus, including increased pro-survival SPHKs and CERK. Moreover, BCL2 was elevated by FTY720 in the cortex at all ages (3, 6, 12 months) while in hippocampus this increase was observed at 12 months only. In APP- mice, fingolimod did not induce any significant mRNA changes at 12 months. Our results indicate significant effect of FTY720 on the age-dependent transcription of genes involved in sphingolipid metabolism and pro-survival signaling, suggesting its neuroprotective role in AD animal model.
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Begicevic RR, Falasca M. ABC Transporters in Cancer Stem Cells: Beyond Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2362. [PMID: 29117122 PMCID: PMC5713331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy is one of the main challenges in cancer treatment and one of the major obstacles to overcome in achieving lasting remission and a definitive cure in patients with cancer is the emergence of cancer resistance. Indeed, drug resistance is ultimately accountable for poor treatment outcomes and tumour relapse. There are various molecular mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance, such as the change in the activity of membrane transporters primarily belonging to the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. In addition, it has been proposed that this common feature could be attributed to a subpopulation of slow-cycling cancer stem cells (CSCs), endowed with enhanced tumorigenic potential and multidrug resistance. CSCs are characterized by the overexpression of specific surface markers that vary in different cancer cell types. Overexpression of ABC transporters has been reported in several cancers and more predominantly in CSCs. While the major focus on the role played by ABC transporters in cancer is polarized by their involvement in chemoresistance, emerging evidence supports a more active role of these proteins, in which they release specific bioactive molecules in the extracellular milieu. This review will outline our current understanding of the role played by ABC transporters in CSCs, how their expression is regulated and how they support the malignant metabolic phenotype. To summarize, we suggest that the increased expression of ABC transporters in CSCs may have precise functional roles and provide the opportunity to target, particularly these cells, by using specific ABC transporter inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana-Rea Begicevic
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia.
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Bastidas-Ponce A, Scheibner K, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms coordinating pancreas development. Development 2017; 144:2873-2888. [PMID: 28811309 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is an endoderm-derived glandular organ that participates in the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism and food digestion through the function of its endocrine and exocrine compartments, respectively. While intensive research has explored the signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that govern pancreas development, much remains to be discovered regarding the cellular processes that orchestrate pancreas morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the developmental mechanisms and principles that are known to underlie pancreas development, from induction and lineage formation to morphogenesis and organogenesis. Elucidating such principles will help to identify novel candidate disease genes and unravel the pathogenesis of pancreas-related diseases, such as diabetes, pancreatitis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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