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Liu Y, Koch JC, Arregui L, Oune A, Bodenstein S, Gutierrez-Wing MT, Tiersch TR. Exploring pathways toward open-hardware ecosystems to safeguard genetic resources for biomedical research communities using aquatic model species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2024; 342:278-290. [PMID: 38185943 PMCID: PMC11099901 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Development of reliable germplasm repositories is critical for preservation of genetic resources of aquatic species, which are widely utilized to support biomedical innovation by providing a foundational source for naturally occurring variation and development of new variants through genetic manipulations. A significant barrier in repository development is the lack of cryopreservation capability and reproducibility across the research community, posing great risks of losing advances developed from billions of dollars of research investment. The emergence of open scientific hardware has fueled a new movement across biomedical research communities. With the increasing accessibility of consumer-level fabrication technologies, such as three-dimensional printers, open hardware devices can be custom designed, and design files distributed to community members for enhancing rigor, reproducibility, and standardization. The overall goal of this review is to explore pathways to create open-hardware ecosystems among the communities using aquatic model resources for biomedical research. To gain feedback and insights from community members, an interactive workshop focusing on open-hardware applications in germplasm repository development was held at the 2022 Aquatic Models for Human Disease Conference, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. This work integrates conceptual strategies with practical insights derived from workshop interactions using examples of germplasm repository development. These insights can be generalized for establishment of open-hardware ecosystems for a broad biomedical research community. The specific objectives were to: (1) introduce an open-hardware ecosystem concept to support biomedical research; (2) explore pathways toward open-hardware ecosystems through four major areas, and (3) identify opportunities and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jack C Koch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lucía Arregui
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Allyssa Oune
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sarah Bodenstein
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Maria T Gutierrez-Wing
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Terrence R Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Cerda A, Rivera M, Armijo G, Ibarra-Henriquez C, Reyes J, Blázquez-Sánchez P, Avilés J, Arce A, Seguel A, Brown AJ, Vásquez Y, Cortez-San Martín M, Cubillos FA, García P, Ferres M, Ramírez-Sarmiento CA, Federici F, Gutiérrez RA. An Open One-Step RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297081. [PMID: 38271448 PMCID: PMC10810446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths globally, and while several diagnostic systems were proposed, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard. However, diagnostic reagents, including enzymes used in RT-PCR, are subject to centralized production models and intellectual property restrictions, which present a challenge for less developed countries. With the aim of generating a standardized One-Step open RT-qPCR protocol to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in clinical samples, we purified and tested recombinant enzymes and a non-proprietary buffer. The protocol utilized M-MLV RT and Taq DNA pol enzymes to perform a Taqman probe-based assay. Synthetic RNA samples were used to validate the One-Step RT-qPCR components, demonstrating sensitivity comparable to a commercial kit routinely employed in clinical settings for patient diagnosis. Further evaluation on 40 clinical samples (20 positive and 20 negative) confirmed its comparable diagnostic accuracy. This study represents a proof of concept for an open approach to developing diagnostic kits for viral infections and diseases, which could provide a cost-effective and accessible solution for less developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Cerda
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maira Rivera
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Grace Armijo
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Ibarra-Henriquez
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Reyes
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Blázquez-Sánchez
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Avilés
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Aníbal Arce
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Seguel
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander J. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Yesseny Vásquez
- Escuela de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cortez-San Martín
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco A. Cubillos
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Ferres
- Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - César A. Ramírez-Sarmiento
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernán Federici
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sarıyer RM, Edwards AD, Needs SH. Open Hardware for Microfluidics: Exploiting Raspberry Pi Singleboard Computer and Camera Systems for Customisable Laboratory Instrumentation. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:948. [PMID: 37887141 PMCID: PMC10605846 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The integration of Raspberry Pi miniature computer systems with microfluidics has revolutionised the development of low-cost and customizable analytical systems in life science laboratories. This review explores the applications of Raspberry Pi in microfluidics, with a focus on imaging, including microscopy and automated image capture. By leveraging the low cost, flexibility and accessibility of Raspberry Pi components, high-resolution imaging and analysis have been achieved in direct mammalian and bacterial cellular imaging and a plethora of image-based biochemical and molecular assays, from immunoassays, through microbial growth, to nucleic acid methods such as real-time-qPCR. The control of image capture permitted by Raspberry Pi hardware can also be combined with onboard image analysis. Open-source hardware offers an opportunity to develop complex laboratory instrumentation systems at a fraction of the cost of commercial equipment and, importantly, offers an opportunity for complete customisation to meet the users' needs. However, these benefits come with a trade-off: challenges remain for those wishing to incorporate open-source hardware equipment in their own work, including requirements for construction and operator skill, the need for good documentation and the availability of rapid prototyping such as 3D printing plus other components. These advances in open-source hardware have the potential to improve the efficiency, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness of microfluidic-based experiments and applications.
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Liu D, Kulkarni A, Jaqua VF, Cole CA, Pearce JM. Distributed manufacturing of an open-source tourniquet testing system. HARDWAREX 2023; 15:e00442. [PMID: 37457304 PMCID: PMC10338363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Tourniquets are effective for casualty-prevention in emergency situations. The use of centrally-manufactured commercial tourniquets, however, is not always possible due to supply chain disruptions. The open-source hardware model has been applied to overcome these disruptions in humanitarian crises and several low-cost digitally manufacturable open-source tourniquets have been developed. With the low reliability of improvised tourniquets, it is important to ensure that distributed manufacturing of tourniquets is effective and safe. Tourniquets can be tested, but existing tourniquet testers are expensive, bulky, and complex to operate, which limits their accessibility to an even greater extent than tourniquets in extreme settings. This article fulfills a need by providing a small, transportable, open-source additive-manufactured tourniquet tester that enables inexpensive and accurate testing of tourniquets against known clinical parameters. The <$100 tourniquet tester is validated and tested for operating force of tourniquets in the field or in distributed manufacturing facilities. The tourniquet tester has a significant economic and operational advantage compared to proprietary counterparts available on the market. Once calibrated with a blood pressure monitor, the built-in LCD displays the measuring range of the tester as 0 to 200 N, which is enough to test the validation of all tourniquets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Apoorv Kulkarni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | | | - Joshua M. Pearce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Canada
- Ivey Business School, Western University, London, Canada
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Holzmann-Littig C, Stadler D, Popp M, Kranke P, Fichtner F, Schmaderer C, Renders L, Braunisch MC, Assali T, Platen L, Wijnen-Meijer M, Lühnen J, Steckelberg A, Pfadenhauer L, Haller B, Fuetterer C, Seeber C, Schaaf C. Locating Medical Information during an Infodemic: Information Seeking Behavior and Strategies of Health-Care Workers in Germany. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111602. [PMID: 37297742 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a flood of-often contradictory-evidence. HCWs had to develop strategies to locate information that supported their work. We investigated the information-seeking of different HCW groups in Germany. METHODS In December 2020, we conducted online surveys on COVID-19 information sources, strategies, assigned trustworthiness, and barriers-and in February 2021, on COVID-19 vaccination information sources. Results were analyzed descriptively; group comparisons were performed using χ2-tests. RESULTS For general COVID-19-related medical information (413 participants), non-physicians most often selected official websites (57%), TV (57%), and e-mail/newsletters (46%) as preferred information sources-physicians chose official websites (63%), e-mail/newsletters (56%), and professional journals (55%). Non-physician HCWs used Facebook/YouTube more frequently. The main barriers were insufficient time and access issues. Non-physicians chose abstracts (66%), videos (45%), and webinars (40%) as preferred information strategy; physicians: overviews with algorithms (66%), abstracts (62%), webinars (48%). Information seeking on COVID-19 vaccination (2700 participants) was quite similar, however, with newspapers being more often used by non-physicians (63%) vs. physician HCWs (70%). CONCLUSION Non-physician HCWs more often consulted public information sources. Employers/institutions should ensure the supply of professional, targeted COVID-19 information for different HCW groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Holzmann-Littig
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- TUM Medical Education Center, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - David Stadler
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Popp
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kranke
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Falk Fichtner
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic and Polyclinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmaderer
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Lutz Renders
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Christoph Braunisch
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tarek Assali
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Louise Platen
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marjo Wijnen-Meijer
- TUM Medical Education Center, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Lühnen
- Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anke Steckelberg
- Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lisa Pfadenhauer
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology-IBE, Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Fuetterer
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Seeber
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic and Polyclinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Schaaf
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Cerda A, Rivera M, Armijo G, Ibarra-Henriquez C, Reyes J, Blázquez-Sánchez P, Avilés J, Arce A, Seguel A, Brown AJ, Vásquez Y, Cortez-San Martín M, Cubillos FA, García P, Ferres M, Ramírez-Sarmiento CA, Federici F, Gutiérrez RA. An Open One-Step RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2021.11.29.21267000. [PMID: 34909786 PMCID: PMC8669853 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.29.21267000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths globally, and while several diagnostic systems were proposed, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard. However, diagnostic reagents, including enzymes used in RT-PCR, are subject to centralized production models and intellectual property restrictions, which present a challenge for less developed countries. With the aim of generating a standardized One-Step open RT-qPCR protocol to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in clinical samples, we purified and tested recombinant enzymes and a non-proprietary buffer. The protocol utilized M-MLV RT and Taq DNA pol enzymes to perform a Taqman probe-based assay. Synthetic RNA samples were used to validate the One-Step RT-qPCR components, and the kit showed comparable sensitivity to approved commercial kits. The One-Step RT-qPCR was then tested on clinical samples and demonstrated similar performance to commercial kits in terms of positive and negative calls. This study represents a proof of concept for an open approach to developing diagnostic kits for viral infections and diseases, which could provide a cost-effective and accessible solution for less developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Cerda
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Maira Rivera
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Grace Armijo
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Catalina Ibarra-Henriquez
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Javiera Reyes
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Blázquez-Sánchez
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Avilés
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
| | - Aníbal Arce
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
| | - Aldo Seguel
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
| | - Alexander J. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yesseny Vásquez
- Escuela de Ciencias Médicas. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Santiago de Chile. USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cortez-San Martín
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco A. Cubillos
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos. Escuela de Medicina. Facultad de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Ferres
- Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos. Escuela de Medicina. Facultad de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - César A. Ramírez-Sarmiento
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernán Federici
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
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Peplinski JE, Pearce JM. Economic Efficiency of an Open-Source National Medical Lab Software in Canada. J Med Syst 2023; 47:50. [PMID: 37081312 PMCID: PMC10119013 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-023-01949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Although the Canada federal government has invested over $3.1 billion developing health information technology (HIT), all 10 provinces still have their own separate HIT systems, which are non-interoperable, expensive, and inconsistent. After first reviewing how these systems operate, this paper analyzes the costs and savings of integrating the common billing, lab results, and diagnostic imaging (BLD) functions of these separate systems using free and open-source software and proposes a system for this, HermesAPI. Currently, 8 provincial governments representing over 95% of Canada's population allow private companies to create their own electronic medical records (EMR) system and integrate with provincial BLD systems. This study found the cost to develop and maintain HermesAPI would be between CAD$610,000 to CAD$740,000, but would prevent CAD$120,000 per company per province in development costs for a total savings of $6.4 million. HermesAPI would lower barriers to entry for the HIT industry to increase competition, improve the quality of HIT products, and ultimately patient care. The proposed open-source approach of the HermesAPI is one option towards building a more interoperable, less expensive, and more consistent HIT system for Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack E. Peplinski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Ivey Business School, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Joshua M. Pearce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Ivey Business School, Western University, London, ON Canada
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8
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Körber N, Holzmann-Littig C, Wilkens G, Liao BH, Werz ML, Platen L, Cheng CC, Tellenbach M, Kappler V, Lehner V, Mijočević H, Christa C, Assfalg V, Heemann U, Schmaderer C, Protzer U, Braunisch MC, Bauer T, Renders L. Comparable cellular and humoral immunity upon homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens in kidney transplant recipients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172477. [PMID: 37063863 PMCID: PMC10102365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at high risk for a severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); thus, effective vaccination is critical. However, the achievement of protective immunogenicity is hampered by immunosuppressive therapies. We assessed cellular and humoral immunity and breakthrough infection rates in KTRs vaccinated with homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens.MethodWe performed a comparative in-depth analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific T-cell responses using multiplex Fluorospot assays and SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) between three-times homologously (n = 18) and heterologously (n = 8) vaccinated KTRs.ResultsWe detected SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in 100% of KTRs upon third vaccination, with comparable frequencies, T-cell expression profiles, and relative interferon γ and interleukin 2 production per single cell between homologously and heterologously vaccinated KTRs. SARS-CoV-2-specific NAb positivity rates were significantly higher in heterologously (87.5%) compared to homologously vaccinated (50.0%) KTRs (P < 0.0001), whereas the magnitudes of NAb titers were comparable between both subcohorts after third vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections occurred in equal numbers in homologously (38.9%) and heterologously (37.5%) vaccinated KTRs with mild-to-moderate courses of COVID-19.ConclusionOur data support a more comprehensive assessment of not only humoral but also cellular SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in KTRs to provide an in-depth understanding about the COVID-19 vaccine–induced immune response in a transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Körber
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nina Körber,
| | - Christopher Holzmann-Littig
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) Medical Education Center, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gesa Wilkens
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bo-Hung Liao
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Maia L. Werz
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Louise Platen
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Cho-Chin Cheng
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Myriam Tellenbach
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Kappler
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktor Lehner
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Mijočević
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina Christa
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Assfalg
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Heemann
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmaderer
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias C. Braunisch
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lutz Renders
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Faghani S, Ahmadi F, Mohammadi E. Caregiver, secondary victim: outcome of caring for patients with COVID -19: a qualitative content analysis study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:308. [PMID: 36997933 PMCID: PMC10062248 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the importance of caring for patients with COVID -19 at home and the majority of care being the responsibility of family caregivers, it is necessary to identify and assess the problems during the implementation of patient care in family caregivers. Therefore, the present study was conducted to discover the different consequences of caring for patients with COVID-19 in family caregivers. METHOD Using Purposive sampling, 15 female family caregivers were included in the study. This study was conducted between 2021 and 2022 in Iran. Unstructured face-to-face and virtual interviews were used to collect data until data saturation was reached. Data were analyzed through Granheim and Lundman conventional content analysis approach. RESULTS The analysis of data related to the outcome of caring for patients with COVID -19 in family caregivers, led to the extraction of six subcategories: " caregivers experiencing physical symptoms ", "perception of extra pressure and psychological symptoms in the caregiver", "disruption in marital relations", "feeling of homelessness and rejection" and " role pressure due to lack of family support". The subcategories led to the development of the main category "caregiver, the secondary victim", which is experienced by family caregivers during the provision of care for patients with COVID -19. CONCLUSION Family caregivers experience high levels of negative consequences from providing care to patients with COVID-19. Therefore, more attention should be paid to all dimensions of caregiver health such as physical, mental, and marital to provide quality care to patients finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Faghani
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlollah Ahmadi
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Eesa Mohammadi
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Abstract
Open hardware solutions are increasingly being chosen by researchers as a strategy to improve access to technology for cutting-edge biology research. The use of DIY technology is already widespread, particularly in countries with limited access to science funding, and is catalyzing the development of open-source technologies. Beyond financial accessibility, open hardware can be transformational for the access of laboratories to equipment by reducing dependence on import logistics and enabling direct knowledge transfer. Central drivers to the adoption of appropriate open-source technologies in biology laboratories around the world are open sharing, digital fabrication, local production, the use of standard parts, and detailed documentation. This Essay examines the global spread of open hardware and discusses which kinds of open-source technologies are the most beneficial in scientific environments with economic and infrastructural constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wenzel
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Región Metropolitana, Chile
- * E-mail:
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11
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Jonguitud-Borrego N, Malcı K, Anand M, Baluku E, Webb C, Liang L, Barba-Ostria C, Guaman LP, Hui L, Rios-Solis L. High—throughput and automated screening for COVID-19. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:969203. [PMID: 36188187 PMCID: PMC9521367 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.969203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global challenge for the healthcare systems of many countries with 6 million people having lost their lives and 530 million more having tested positive for the virus. Robust testing and a comprehensive track and trace process for positive patients are essential for effective pandemic control, leading to high demand for diagnostic testing. In order to comply with demand and increase testing capacity worldwide, automated workflows have come into prominence as they enable high-throughput screening, faster processing, exclusion of human error, repeatability, reproducibility and diagnostic precision. The gold standard for COVID-19 testing so far has been RT-qPCR, however, different SARS-CoV-2 testing methods have been developed to be combined with high throughput testing to improve diagnosis. Case studies in China, Spain and the United Kingdom have been reviewed and automation has been proven to be promising for mass testing. Free and Open Source scientific and medical Hardware (FOSH) plays a vital role in this matter but there are some challenges to be overcome before automation can be fully implemented. This review discusses the importance of automated high-throughput testing, the different equipment available, the bottlenecks of its implementation and key selected case studies that due to their high effectiveness are already in use in hospitals and research centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Jonguitud-Borrego
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Koray Malcı
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mihir Anand
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, India
| | - Erikan Baluku
- School of Bio-Security, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Calum Webb
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lungang Liang
- BGI Clinical Laboratories, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Carlos Barba-Ostria
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud Quito, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Linda P. Guaman
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Liu Hui
- BGI Clinical Laboratories, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Leonardo Rios-Solis
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12
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Roche AD, McConnell AC, Donaldson K, Lawson A, Tan S, Toft K, Cairns G, Colle A, Coleman AA, Stewart K, Digard P, Norrie J, Stokes AA. Personalised 3D printed respirators for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:963541. [PMID: 35982716 PMCID: PMC9380470 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.963541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread issues in respirator availability and fit have been rendered acutely apparent by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to determine whether personalized 3D printed respirators provide adequate filtration and function for healthcare workers through a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Fifty healthcare workers recruited within NHS Lothian, Scotland, underwent 3D facial scanning or 3D photographic reconstruction to produce 3D printed personalized respirators. The primary outcome measure was quantitative fit-testing to FFP3 standard. Secondary measures included respirator comfort, wearing experience, and function instrument (R-COMFI) for tolerability, Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) for intelligibility, and viral decontamination on respirator material. Of the 50 participants, 44 passed the fit test with the customized respirator, not significantly different from the 38 with the control (p = 0.21). The customized respirator had significantly improved comfort over the control respirator in both simulated clinical conditions (p < 0.0001) and during longer wear (p < 0.0001). For speech intelligibility, both respirators performed equally. Standard NHS decontamination agents were able to eradicate 99.9% of viral infectivity from the 3D printed plastics tested. Personalized 3D printed respirators performed to the same level as control disposable FFP3 respirators, with clear communication and with increased comfort, wearing experience, and function. The materials used were easily decontaminated of viral infectivity and would be applicable for sustainable and reusable respirators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan D. Roche
- Deanery of Clinical Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair C. McConnell
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Donaldson
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Karen Donaldson
| | - Angus Lawson
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Spring Tan
- Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Toft
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, St John's Hospital, Livingston, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Cairns
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Colle
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ken Stewart
- Deanery of Clinical Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Digard
- Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John Norrie
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adam A. Stokes
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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13
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García Martínez JB, Pearce JM, Throup J, Cates J, Lackner M, Denkenberger DC. Methane Single Cell Protein: Potential to Secure a Global Protein Supply Against Catastrophic Food Shocks. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:906704. [PMID: 35957636 PMCID: PMC9358032 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.906704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Global catastrophes such as a supervolcanic eruption, asteroid impact, or nuclear winter could cause global agricultural collapse due to reduced sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface. The human civilization’s food production system is unprepared to respond to such events, but methane single cell protein (SCP) could be a key part of the solution. Current preparedness centers around food stockpiling, an excessively expensive solution given that an abrupt sunlight reduction scenario (ASRS) could hamper conventional agriculture for 5–10 years. Instead, it is more cost-effective to consider resilient food production techniques requiring little to no sunlight. This study analyses the potential of SCP produced from methane (natural gas and biogas) as a resilient food source for global catastrophic food shocks from ASRS. The following are quantified: global production potential of methane SCP, capital costs, material and energy requirements, ramp-up rates, and retail prices. In addition, potential bottlenecks for fast deployment are considered. While providing a more valuable, protein-rich product than its alternatives, the production capacity could be slower to ramp up. Based on 24/7 construction of facilities, 7%–11% of the global protein requirements could be fulfilled at the end of the first year. Despite significant remaining uncertainties, methane SCP shows significant potential to prevent global protein starvation during an ASRS at an affordable price—US$3–5/kg dry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B. García Martínez
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK, United States
- *Correspondence: Juan B. García Martínez,
| | - Joshua M. Pearce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - James Throup
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Jacob Cates
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Maximilian Lackner
- FH Technikum Wien, Wien, Austria
- Circe Biotechnologie GmbH, Wien, Austria
| | - David C. Denkenberger
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK, United States
- University of Alaska Fairbanks (Mechanical Engineering and Alaska Center for Energy and Power), Fairbanks, AK, United States
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14
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Bow JK, Gallup N, Sadat SA, Pearce JM. Open source surgical fracture table for digitally distributed manufacturing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270328. [PMID: 35839177 PMCID: PMC9286293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Roughly a third of the surgical procedures the World Bank is prioritizing as essential and cost-effective are orthopedic procedures. Yet in much of the developing world, prohibitive costs are a substantial barrier to universal access. One area where this is clear is surgical fracture tables, which generally cost >US$200,000 new. With the advent of 3-D printing, a new way to reduce medical equipment costs is to use open source hardware licensed designs to fabricate digitally-distributed manufactured medical hardware. That approach is applied here to make surgical tables more accessible. This study describes the design and manufacture of an open source surgical fracture table that uses materials that are widely available worldwide with specialty components being 3-D printed. The bill of materials and assembly instructions are detailed and the fracture table is validated to perform mechanically to specifications. Using an open source desktop RepRap-class 3-D printer, the components can be printed in a little over a week of continuous printing. Including the 3-D printed parts, the open source fracture table can be constructed for under US$3,000 in material costs, representing a 98.5% savings for commercial systems, radically increasing accessibility. The open source table can be adjusted 90–116 cm in height, tilted from +/-15 degrees, the leg height ranges from 31 to 117 cm, the arm supports and foot holder both have a 180-degree range, the foot position has a 54 cm range, and the legs can be adjusted from 55 to 120 degrees. It is mechanically adjusted so does not require electricity, however, surgical staff need to be trained on how to perform needed adjustments during surgery. The open source surgical table has verified performance for mechanical loading over 130 kg, geometric flexibility to allow for wide array of common surgeries, is radiolucent in surgical zones, and is modular and upgradeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Bow
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America
| | - N. Gallup
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America
| | - S. A. Sadat
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Ivey School of Business, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - J. M. Pearce
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Ivey School of Business, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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15
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Rapid deployment of inexpensive open-source orbital shakers in support of high-throughput screening. SLAS Technol 2022; 27:180-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Bypassing shortages of personal protective equipment in low-income settings using local production and open source tools. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001658. [PMID: 35594299 PMCID: PMC9162299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Free and open-source hardware, 3D printing and the use of locally sourced materials are valuable tools for local problem solving. This Community Page describes how PPE supply chain problems could be bypassed using open science in a Nigerian community.
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17
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LaChance J, Schottdorf M, Zajdel TJ, Saunders JL, Dvali S, Marshall C, Seirup L, Sammour I, Chatburn RL, Notterman DA, Cohen DJ. PVP1-The People's Ventilator Project: A fully open, low-cost, pressure-controlled ventilator research platform compatible with adult and pediatric uses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266810. [PMID: 35544461 PMCID: PMC9094548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilators are safety-critical devices that help patients breathe, commonly found in hospital intensive care units (ICUs)-yet, the high costs and proprietary nature of commercial ventilators inhibit their use as an educational and research platform. We present a fully open ventilator device-The People's Ventilator: PVP1-with complete hardware and software documentation including detailed build instructions and a DIY cost of $1,700 USD. We validate PVP1 against both key performance criteria specified in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Emergency Use Authorization for Ventilators, and in a pediatric context against a state-of-the-art commercial ventilator. Notably, PVP1 performs well over a wide range of test conditions and performance stability is demonstrated for a minimum of 75,000 breath cycles over three days with an adult mechanical test lung. As an open project, PVP1 can enable future educational, academic, and clinical developments in the ventilator space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne LaChance
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Manuel Schottdorf
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Tom J. Zajdel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonny L. Saunders
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Sophie Dvali
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Chase Marshall
- RailPod, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo Seirup
- New York ISO, Rensselaer, New York, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim Sammour
- Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Chatburn
- Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Notterman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Cohen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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18
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Molina A, Vyas P, Khlystov N, Kumar S, Kothari A, Deriso D, Liu Z, Banavar S, Flaum E, Prakash M. Low cost centrifugal melt spinning for distributed manufacturing of non-woven media. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264933. [PMID: 35439249 PMCID: PMC9017944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centralized manufacturing and global supply chains have emerged as an efficient strategy for large-scale production of goods throughout the 20th century. However, while this system of production is highly efficient, it is not resilient. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen numerous supply chains fail to adapt to sudden changes in supply and demand, including those for goods critical to the pandemic response such as personal protective equipment. Here, we consider the production of the non-woven polypropylene filtration media used in face filtering respirators (FFRs). The FFR supply chain's reliance on non-woven media sourced from large, centralized manufacturing facilities led to a supply chain failure. In this study, we present an alternative manufacturing strategy that allows us to move towards a more distributed manufacturing practice that is both scalable and robust. Specifically, we demonstrate that a fiber production technique known as centrifugal melt spinning can be implemented with modified, commercially-available cotton candy machines to produce nano- and microscale non-woven fibers. We evaluate several post processing strategies to transform the produced material into viable filtration media and then characterize these materials by measuring filtration efficiency and breathability, comparing them against equivalent materials used in commercially-available FFRs. Additionally, we demonstrate that waste plastic can be processed with this technique, enabling the development of distributed recycling strategies to address the growing plastic waste crisis. Since this method can be employed at small scales, it allows for the development of an adaptable and rapidly deployable distributed manufacturing network for non-woven materials that is financially accessible to more people than is currently possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Molina
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Pranav Vyas
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nikita Khlystov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Shailabh Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Anesta Kothari
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Dave Deriso
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Zhiru Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Samhita Banavar
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Eliott Flaum
- Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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19
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Santos ML, Zacharias LR, Cota VR. Open-source hardware to face COVID-19 pandemic: the need to do more and better. RESEARCH ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [PMCID: PMC7854879 DOI: 10.1007/s42600-020-00123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maikon Lorran Santos
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neuroengenharia e Neurociências, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Pça. Frei Orlando, 170 (DEPEL, sl. 4.19) - Centro, São João Del-Rei, MG CEP 36307-352 Brazil
| | - Leonardo Rakauskas Zacharias
- Laboratório de Investigação em Epilepsia, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Open Science Brasil, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Rosa Cota
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neuroengenharia e Neurociências, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Pça. Frei Orlando, 170 (DEPEL, sl. 4.19) - Centro, São João Del-Rei, MG CEP 36307-352 Brazil
- Open Science Brasil, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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20
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A high-throughput pipeline for scalable kit-free RNA extraction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23260. [PMID: 34853385 PMCID: PMC8636496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An overreliance on commercial, kit-based RNA extraction in the molecular diagnoses of infectious disease presents a challenge in the event of supply chain disruptions and can potentially hinder testing capacity in times of need. In this study, we adapted a well-established, robust TRIzol-based RNA extraction protocol into a high-throughput format through miniaturization and automation. The workflow was validated by RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection to illustrate its scalability without interference to downstream diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy. This semi-automated, kit-free approach offers a versatile alternative to prevailing integrated solid-phase RNA extraction proprietary systems, with the added advantage of improved cost-effectiveness for high volume acquisition of quality RNA whether for use in clinical diagnoses or for diverse molecular applications.
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21
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Abstract
More than 60 years ago, Richard Feynman gave a lecture titled "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics", where he called on others to join the then-nascent field of nanotechnology. In a similar spirit, we wish to invite chemists, biologists, physicists, bioengineers, educators, high school students, and inventors of all backgrounds to join us in the emerging field of frugal science. In this Review, we define frugal science and use six case studies to describe the broad applications of frugal science, from synthetic biology to disease diagnostics. We conclude by establishing an argument for curiosity-driven research through frugal science to enable broader access in chemical and bioengineering research and drive innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Byagathvalli
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Elio J Challita
- Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30311, United States
| | - M Saad Bhamla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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22
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Al Lawati A, Al Ghafri T, Anwar H, Al Ajmi F, Al Hasani S, Chan MF, Mahadevan S, Al-Adawi S. Depressive symptoms among primary healthcare workers during the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic in the Muscat governorate. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2021; 22:e62. [PMID: 34728003 PMCID: PMC8569830 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423621000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the unprecedented spread of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) are having to shoulder the increasing weight of this ongoing pandemic. AIMS This study explored the rate and covariates of depressive symptoms among PHCWs in the Muscat governorate. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 10 May to 10 June 2020 among PHCWs working in all primary healthcares across the Muscat governorate. Data on sociodemographic and risk factors of having at least one underlying physical health condition, a psychiatric history, family history of psychiatric disorders, and direct involvement with COVID-19 positive patients were sought. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was then used to solicit the presence of depressive symptoms. Those with a cutoff point ≥10 were considered as showing depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors associated with depressive symptoms in PHCWs after adjusting for all sociodemographic factors. FINDINGS A total of 432 (72%) out of 600 PHCWs with an average age of 39.2 years (SD = 7.8 years) ranging between 25.0 and 75.0 years responded to the survey. There were more females (n = 281, 65.3%) than males, and more than 45% (n = 195) of them were physicians. Additionally, more than 78% (n = 338) had been in contact with COVID-19 patients. There was a significant association between different age groups and profession (P < .001), having at least one underlying physical health condition (P = 0.001) and depressive symptom status (P = 0.038). A total of 78 out of the 423 subjects (18.1%) were considered to have depressive symptoms. After adjusting for all factors, the logistic regression model showed that an age of 34 years or below (OR = 2.079, P = 0.021) and having at least one underlying physical health condition (OR = 2.216, P = 0.007) were factors contributing significantly to depressive symptoms among the PHCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwaar Al Lawati
- Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Thamra Al Ghafri
- Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Huda Anwar
- Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fatma Al Ajmi
- Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Said Al Hasani
- Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Moon Fai Chan
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sangeetha Mahadevan
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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23
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Guaman-Bautista LP, Moreta-Urbano E, Oña-Arias CG, Torres-Arias M, Kyriakidis NC, Malcı K, Jonguitud-Borrego N, Rios-Solis L, Ramos-Martinez E, López-Cortés A, Barba-Ostria C. Tracking SARS-CoV-2: Novel Trends and Diagnostic Strategies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1981. [PMID: 34829328 PMCID: PMC8621220 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on economies and health systems globally, therefore a top priority is the development of increasingly better diagnostic and surveillance alternatives to slow down the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In order to establish massive testing and contact tracing policies, it is crucial to have a clear view of the diagnostic options available and their principal advantages and drawbacks. Although classical molecular methods such as RT-qPCR are broadly used, diagnostic alternatives based on technologies such as LAMP, antigen, serological testing, or the application of novel technologies such as CRISPR-Cas for diagnostics, are also discussed. The present review also discusses the most important automation strategies employed to increase testing capability. Several serological-based diagnostic kits are presented, as well as novel nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods. In summary, this review provides a clear diagnostic landscape of the most relevant tools to track COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda P. Guaman-Bautista
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170147, Ecuador; (L.P.G.-B.); (E.M.-U.); (C.G.O.-A.)
| | - Erick Moreta-Urbano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170147, Ecuador; (L.P.G.-B.); (E.M.-U.); (C.G.O.-A.)
| | - Claudia G. Oña-Arias
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170147, Ecuador; (L.P.G.-B.); (E.M.-U.); (C.G.O.-A.)
| | - Marbel Torres-Arias
- Immunology and Virology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Quito 171103, Ecuador;
| | - Nikolaos C. Kyriakidis
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada a Biomedicina (BIOMED), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador;
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Koray Malcı
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LE, UK; (K.M.); (N.J.-B.); (L.R.-S.)
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LE, UK
| | - Nestor Jonguitud-Borrego
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LE, UK; (K.M.); (N.J.-B.); (L.R.-S.)
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LE, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LE, UK; (K.M.); (N.J.-B.); (L.R.-S.)
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LE, UK
| | - Espiridion Ramos-Martinez
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 4510, Mexico;
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170147, Ecuador;
| | - Carlos Barba-Ostria
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud Quito, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador
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24
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Special Issue Innovation: Organization and Management“Rethinking Medical Innovation: Organizing R&D, Responding to Crisis, Delivering Health Services”. INNOVATION-ORGANIZATION & MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14479338.2021.1954745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Moore KJM, Cahill J, Aidelberg G, Aronoff R, Bektaş A, Bezdan D, Butler DJ, Chittur SV, Codyre M, Federici F, Tanner NA, Tighe SW, True R, Ware SB, Wyllie AL, Afshin EE, Bendesky A, Chang CB, Dela Rosa R, Elhaik E, Erickson D, Goldsborough AS, Grills G, Hadasch K, Hayden A, Her SY, Karl JA, Kim CH, Kriegel AJ, Kunstman T, Landau Z, Land K, Langhorst BW, Lindner AB, Mayer BE, McLaughlin LA, McLaughlin MT, Molloy J, Mozsary C, Nadler JL, D'Silva M, Ng D, O'Connor DH, Ongerth JE, Osuolale O, Pinharanda A, Plenker D, Ranjan R, Rosbash M, Rotem A, Segarra J, Schürer S, Sherrill-Mix S, Solo-Gabriele H, To S, Vogt MC, Yu AD, Mason CE. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Myriad Other Applications. J Biomol Tech 2021; 32:228-275. [PMID: 35136384 PMCID: PMC8802757 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.21-3203-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic begins, it remains clear that a massive increase in the ability to test for SARS-CoV-2 infections in a myriad of settings is critical to controlling the pandemic and to preparing for future outbreaks. The current gold standard for molecular diagnostics is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but the extraordinary and unmet demand for testing in a variety of environments means that both complementary and supplementary testing solutions are still needed. This review highlights the role that loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has had in filling this global testing need, providing a faster and easier means of testing, and what it can do for future applications, pathogens, and the preparation for future outbreaks. This review describes the current state of the art for research of LAMP-based SARS-CoV-2 testing, as well as its implications for other pathogens and testing. The authors represent the global LAMP (gLAMP) Consortium, an international research collective, which has regularly met to share their experiences on LAMP deployment and best practices; sections are devoted to all aspects of LAMP testing, including preanalytic sample processing, target amplification, and amplicon detection, then the hardware and software required for deployment are discussed, and finally, a summary of the current regulatory landscape is provided. Included as well are a series of first-person accounts of LAMP method development and deployment. The final discussion section provides the reader with a distillation of the most validated testing methods and their paths to implementation. This review also aims to provide practical information and insight for a range of audiences: for a research audience, to help accelerate research through sharing of best practices; for an implementation audience, to help get testing up and running quickly; and for a public health, clinical, and policy audience, to help convey the breadth of the effect that LAMP methods have to offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J M Moore
- School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
| | | | - Guy Aidelberg
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), 75006 Paris, France
- Just One Giant Lab, Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires (CRI), 75004 Paris, France
| | - Rachel Aronoff
- Just One Giant Lab, Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires (CRI), 75004 Paris, France
- Action for Genomic Integrity Through Research! (AGiR!), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Association Hackuarium, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ali Bektaş
- Oakland Genomics Center, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Poppy Health, Inc, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sridar V Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, 12222, USA
| | - Martin Codyre
- GiantLeap Biotechnology Ltd, Wicklow A63 Kv91, Ireland
| | - Fernan Federici
- ANID, Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biology and Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | | | | | - Randy True
- FloodLAMP Biotechnologies, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Sarah B Ware
- Just One Giant Lab, Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires (CRI), 75004 Paris, France
- BioBlaze Community Bio Lab, 1800 W Hawthorne Ln, Ste J-1, West Chicago, IL 60185, USA
- Blossom Bio Lab, 1800 W Hawthorne Ln, Ste K-2, West Chicago, IL 60185, USA
| | - Anne L Wyllie
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Evan E Afshin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andres Bendesky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Connie B Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, 59717, USA
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, 59717, USA
| | - Richard Dela Rosa
- School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
| | - Eran Elhaik
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Erickson
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | - George Grills
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Kathrin Hadasch
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Membrane Biophysics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Lab3 eV, Labspace Darmstadt, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
- IANUS Verein für Friedensorientierte Technikgestaltung eV, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andrew Hayden
- Center for Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, 12222, USA
| | | | - Julie A Karl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison 53705, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zeph Landau
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - Kevin Land
- Mologic, Centre for Advanced Rapid Diagnostics, (CARD), Bedford Technology Park, Thurleigh MK44 2YA, England
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Ariel B Lindner
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin E Mayer
- Department of Biology, Membrane Biophysics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Lab3 eV, Labspace Darmstadt, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Matthew T McLaughlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison 53705, USA
| | - Jenny Molloy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, England
| | - Christopher Mozsary
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, 10595, USA
| | - Melinee D'Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, 10595, USA
| | - David Ng
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison 53705, USA
| | - Jerry E Ongerth
- University of Wollongong, Environmental Engineering, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Olayinka Osuolale
- Applied Environmental Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases Research (AEMIDR), Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara Mokin, Nigeria
| | - Ana Pinharanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Dennis Plenker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Genomics Resource Laboratory, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 01003, USA
| | - Michael Rosbash
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Sherrill-Mix
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | | | - Shaina To
- School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
| | - Merly C Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Albert D Yu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Greshake Tzovaras B, Rera M, Wintermute EH, Kloppenborg K, Ferry-Danini J, Aidelberg G, Aronoff R, Lindner A, Misevic D. Empowering grassroots innovation to accelerate biomedical research. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001349. [PMID: 34370720 PMCID: PMC8351957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Rera
- INSERM U1284, Université de Paris, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Paris, France
| | - Edwin H Wintermute
- INSERM U1284, Université de Paris, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Paris, France
| | - Katharina Kloppenborg
- INSERM U1284, Université de Paris, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Paris, France
| | | | - Guy Aidelberg
- INSERM U1284, Université de Paris, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Paris, France
| | | | - Ariel Lindner
- INSERM U1284, Université de Paris, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Paris, France
| | - Dusan Misevic
- INSERM U1284, Université de Paris, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Paris, France
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27
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Vallatos A, Maguire JM, Pilavakis N, Cerniauskas G, Sturtivant A, Speakman AJ, Gourlay S, Inglis S, McCall G, Davie A, Boyd M, Tavares AAS, Doherty C, Roberts S, Aitken P, Mason M, Cummings S, Mullen A, Paterson G, Proudfoot M, Brady S, Kesterton S, Queen F, Fletcher S, Sherlock A, Dunn KE. Adaptive Manufacturing for Healthcare During the COVID-19 Emergency and Beyond. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:702526. [PMID: 35047941 PMCID: PMC8757720 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.702526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, global health services have faced unprecedented demands. Many key workers in health and social care have experienced crippling shortages of personal protective equipment, and clinical engineers in hospitals have been severely stretched due to insufficient supplies of medical devices and equipment. Many engineers who normally work in other sectors have been redeployed to address the crisis, and they have rapidly improvised solutions to some of the challenges that emerged, using a combination of low-tech and cutting-edge methods. Much publicity has been given to efforts to design new ventilator systems and the production of 3D-printed face shields, but many other devices and systems have been developed or explored. This paper presents a description of efforts to reverse engineer or redesign critical parts, specifically a manifold for an anaesthesia station, a leak port, plasticware for COVID-19 testing, and a syringe pump lock box. The insights obtained from these projects were used to develop a product lifecycle management system based on Aras Innovator, which could with further work be deployed to facilitate future rapid response manufacturing of bespoke hardware for healthcare. The lessons learned could inform plans to exploit distributed manufacturing to secure back-up supply chains for future emergency situations. If applied generally, the concept of distributed manufacturing could give rise to "21st century cottage industries" or "nanofactories," where high-tech goods are produced locally in small batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Vallatos
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Maguire
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas Pilavakis
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Steve Gourlay
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Inglis
- Department of Medical Physics, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graham McCall
- AESSiS - Advanced Engineering Solutions, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Davie
- Department of Medical Physics, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Boyd
- uCreate Studio, Main Library, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana A. S. Tavares
- British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science and Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Doherty
- Department of Medical Physics, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sharen Roberts
- Department of Medical Physics, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Aitken
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Mason
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Cummings
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mullen
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Paterson
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Proudfoot
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Brady
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Kesterton
- Department of Medical Physics, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser Queen
- Lomond Process Engineering, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Sherlock
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Shapespace, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine E. Dunn
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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28
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Villanueva-Cañas JL, Gonzalez-Roca E, Gastaminza Unanue A, Titos E, Martínez Yoldi MJ, Vergara Gómez A, Puig-Butillé JA. Implementation of an open-source robotic platform for SARS-CoV-2 testing by real-time RT-PCR. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252509. [PMID: 34260637 PMCID: PMC8279358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current global pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 has pushed the limits of global health systems across all aspects of clinical care, including laboratory diagnostics. Supply chain disruptions and rapidly-shifting markets have resulted in flash-scarcity of commercial laboratory reagents; this has motivated health care providers to search for alternative workflows to cope with the international increase in demand for SARS-CoV-2 testing. The aim of this study is to present a reproducible workflow for real time RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 testing using OT-2 open-source liquid-handling robots (Opentrons, NY). We have developed a framework that includes a code template which is helpful for building different stand-alone robotic stations, capable of performing specific protocols. Such stations can be combined together to create a complex multi-stage workflow, from sample setup to real time RT-PCR. Using our open-source code, it is easy to create new stations or workflows from scratch, adapt existing templates to update the experimental protocols, or to fine-tune the code to fit specific needs. Using this framework, we developed the code for two different workflows and evaluated them using external quality assessment (EQA) samples from the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network (EMQN). The affordability of this platform makes automated SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing accessible for most laboratories and hospitals with qualified bioinformatics personnel. This platform also allows for flexibility, as it is not dependent on any specific commercial kit, and thus it can be quickly adapted to protocol changes, reagent, consumable shortages, or any other temporary material constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Roca
- Molecular Biology CORE (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Department (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Esther Titos
- Molecular Biology CORE (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Julián Martínez Yoldi
- Molecular Biology CORE (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Vergara Gómez
- Molecular Biology CORE (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Kord Z, Fereidouni Z, Mirzaee MS, Alizadeh Z, Behnammoghadam M, Rezaei M, Abdi N, Delfani F, Zaj P. Telenursing home care and COVID-19: a qualitative study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2021:bmjspcare-2021-003001. [PMID: 34187878 PMCID: PMC8245287 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many challenges such as increased number of patients and the risk of the disease progress in the world's healthcare systems, especially nursing. The capacity of technology can help nursing in such conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of patients with COVID-19 with home care by using telenursing. METHODS The present study is a qualitative research conducted using the descriptive phenomenological method. The participants were selected using purposive sampling method and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After obtaining ethical approval, data were collected through semistructured interviews. Open-ended questions and follow-up were used in the interviews. The interviews were conducted using Skype application and telephone. All data were recorded, and MAXQDA software was used to manage the data. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. Lincoln and Guba's criteria were used to evaluate the trustworthiness of the data. RESULTS The main themes and their subthemes included 'facilitators' (improvement of relationships, adequate education and counselling, adequate care and support, improvement and promotion of health) and 'barriers' (lack of previous knowledge and experience, infrastructure problems, confusion in hospital programmes and the pressure caused by the COVID-19 pandemic). CONCLUSION Given the potential capacity of telenursing, strong field studies are recommended to be conducted in this area. The results of such studies can contribute to the rapid and serious use of telenursing in the area of care, education, support, follow-up and counselling of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Kord
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Zhila Fereidouni
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nursing School, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Fars, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeed Mirzaee
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Alizadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Behnammoghadam
- Department of Critical Care, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaei
- Department of Nuursing, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Naeem Abdi
- Department of Anesthsiology, School of Paramedicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Delfani
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Zaj
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wu T, Hu E, Ge X, Yu G. nCov2019: an R package for studying the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11421. [PMID: 34178436 PMCID: PMC8199916 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The global spreading of the COVID-19 coronavirus is still a serious public health challenge. Although there are a large number of public resources that provide statistics data, tools for retrospective historical data and convenient visualization are still valuable. To provide convenient access to data and visualization on the pandemic we developed an R package, nCov2019 (https://github.com/YuLab-SMU/nCov2019). Methods We collect stable and reliable data of COVID-19 cases from multiple authoritative and up-to-date sources, and aggregate the most recent and historical data for each country or even province. Medical progress information, including global vaccine development and therapeutics candidates, were also collected and can be directly accessed in our package. The nCov2019 package provides an R language interfaces and designed functions for data operation and presentation, a set of interfaces to fetch data subset intuitively, visualization methods, and a dashboard with no extra coding requirement for data exploration and interactive analysis. Results As of January 14, 2021, the global health crisis is still serious. The number of confirmed cases worldwide has reached 91,268,983. Following the USA, India has reached 10 million confirmed cases. Multiple peaks are observed in many countries. Under the efforts of researchers, 51 vaccines and 54 drugs are under development and 14 of these vaccines are already in the pre-clinical phase. Discussion The nCov2019 package provides detailed statistics data, visualization functions and the Shiny web application, which allows researchers to keep abreast of the latest epidemic spread overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erqiang Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijin Ge
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, United States
| | - Guangchuang Yu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Mukhtar H, Rubaiee S, Krichen M, Alroobaea R. An IoT Framework for Screening of COVID-19 Using Real-Time Data from Wearable Sensors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4022. [PMID: 33921223 PMCID: PMC8070194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experts have predicted that COVID-19 may prevail for many months or even years before it can be completely eliminated. A major problem in its cure is its early screening and detection, which will decide on its treatment. Due to the fast contactless spreading of the virus, its screening is unusually difficult. Moreover, the results of COVID-19 tests may take up to 48 h. That is enough time for the virus to worsen the health of the affected person. The health community needs effective means for identification of the virus in the shortest possible time. In this study, we invent a medical device utilized consisting of composable sensors to monitor remotely and in real-time the health status of those who have symptoms of the coronavirus or those infected with it. The device comprises wearable medical sensors integrated using the Arduino hardware interfacing and a smartphone application. An IoT framework is deployed at the backend through which various devices can communicate in real-time. The medical device is applied to determine the patient's critical status of the effects of the coronavirus or its symptoms using heartbeat, cough, temperature and Oxygen concentration (SpO2) that are evaluated using our custom algorithm. Until now, it has been found that many coronavirus patients remain asymptomatic, but in case of known symptoms, a person can be quickly identified with our device. It also allows doctors to examine their patients without the need for physical direct contact with them to reduce the possibility of infection. Our solution uses rule-based decision-making based on the physiological data of a person obtained through sensors. These rules allow to classify a person as healthy or having a possibility of infection by the coronavirus. The advantage of using rules for patient's classification is that the rules can be updated as new findings emerge from time to time. In this article, we explain the details of the sensors, the smartphone application, and the associated IoT framework for real-time, remote screening of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mukhtar
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saeed Rubaiee
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Moez Krichen
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65431, Saudi Arabia;
- ReDCAD Laboratory, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Roobaea Alroobaea
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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Corsini L, Dammicco V, Moultrie J. Frugal innovation in a crisis: the digital fabrication maker response to COVID‐19. R&D MANAGEMENT 2021; 51:195-210. [PMCID: PMC7753777 DOI: 10.1111/radm.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID‐19 has led to a global shortfall in essential items, turning many countries into resource‐constrained environments. In response, an unprecedented number of do‐it‐yourself hobbyists (i.e. makers) have started to use digital fabrication tools to produce critical items. These bottom‐up communities are mobilising as part of a global movement to produce innovative solutions to much‐needed items, such as face masks, face shields and ventilators. As these individuals tackle widespread resource constraints, the conceptual lens of frugal innovation becomes highly relevant to study how these solutions developed. Frugal innovation is a type of resource‐constrained innovation that refers to the practice of doing more with less, for more people. In this study, we present two instrumental case studies of maker projects that use digital fabrication to tackle COVID‐19. The first case study is from Italy (a High Income Country) and the second is from India (a Lower Middle Income Country). We analyse the frugality of these cases and highlight their similar approaches. In doing so, we suggest that current theories of frugal innovation can be expanded to new geographical and technological contexts. We put forward that frugal innovation is an important strategy in crisis response beyond emerging markets and that digital fabrication can be considered as an important frugal innovation enabler, both in its ability to produce frugal solutions and to support distributed networks of innovation actors. This study advances knowledge on how frugal innovation unfolds in the Maker movement. It is among one of the first studies to connect the domains of makers and frugal innovation, and the paper concludes by identifying several promising areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Corsini
- Institute for Manufacturing17 Charles BabbageCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | | | - James Moultrie
- Institute for Manufacturing17 Charles BabbageCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
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Curved-crease origami face shields for infection control. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245737. [PMID: 33556092 PMCID: PMC7869980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE). Face shields are an important component of PPE for front-line workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing protection of the face from splashes and sprays of virus-containing fluids. Existing face shield designs and manufacturing procedures may not allow for production and distribution of face shields in sufficient volume to meet global demand, particularly in Low and Middle-Income countries. This paper presents a simple, fast, and cost-effective curved-crease origami technique for transforming flat sheets of flexible plastic material into face shields for infection control. It is further shown that the design could be produced using a variety of manufacturing methods, ranging from manual techniques to high-volume die-cutting and creasing. This demonstrates the potential for the design to be applied in a variety of contexts depending on available materials, manufacturing capabilities and labour. An easily implemented and flexible physical-digital parametric design methodology for rapidly exploring and refining variations on the design is presented, potentially allowing others to adapt the design to accommodate a wide range of ergonomic and protection requirements.
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Balhi S, Ben Abdelaziz A. Profile of community initiatives during the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2021; 99:168-178. [PMID: 33899184 PMCID: PMC8711635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: La participation communautaire est une composante de la stratégie mondiale de lutte contre la pandémie COVID-19, fournissant un appui considérable aux professionnels de santé dans la prévention, le contrôle et le management des soins. Objectif: Décrire les initiatives communautaires tunisiennes lors de la riposte contre la pandémie COVID-19, au cours du premier trimestre de l'année .2020 Matériel et Méthodes: : Il s'agit d'une recherche documentaire, conduite entre le 23 mars et le 05 avril 2020, sur trois sources des données: Google/ actualités (couvrant onze portails tunisiens d'information) et deux sites nationaux: N3awen.com (www.n3aween.com) et Horizon 2020 Tunisie. org (horizon2020tunisia.org/initiatives-tunisiennes-pour-vaincre-le-covid19 /). Les initiatives communautaires identifiées ont été décrites selon leurs catégories (prévention, contrôle, management), les intervenants (citoyens, associations, établissements) et les interventions (information, implémentation, logistique). Résultats: Un total de 63 projets tunisiens de participation communautaire ont été identifiés, lors de la lutte contre le COVID-19, dont 35 de «prévention», 13 de «contrôle» et 15 de contribution au «management des soins». Ces initiatives communautaires, élaborées essentiellement par les établissements (38%), ont été de catégorie «Information/Education/Communication» dans 45% des cas. Conclusion: En Tunisie, lors de la lutte contre la pandémie COVID-19, la participation communautaire a été caractérisée par la diversité des initiatives couvrant les dimensions: populationnelle, à risque et ciblée. Le Système National de Santé devrait reconsidérer la place de la communauté dans la planification, la mise en place et l'évaluation des stratégies de riposte contre, non seulement les urgences sanitaires, mais aussi l'ensemble des composantes de la charge globale de morbidité.
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Darby S, Chulliyallipalil K, Przyjalgowski M, McGowan P, Jeffers S, Giltinan A, Lewis L, Smith N, Sleator RD. COVID-19: mask efficacy is dependent on both fabric and fit. Future Microbiol 2020; 16:5-11. [PMID: 33350330 PMCID: PMC7784787 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Face masks are an important addition to our arsenal in the fight against COVID-19. The aim of this study is to present a novel method of measuring mask performance which can simultaneously assess both fabric penetration and leakage due to poor fit. Materials & methods: A synthetic aerosol is introduced into the lung of a medical dummy. A conical laser sheet surrounds the face of the dummy where it illuminates the aerosol emitted during a simulated breath. The system is demonstrated with five mask types. Conclusions: The curved laser sheet highlights both penetration through the mask fabric and leakage around the edges of the mask. A large variation in both material penetration and leakage was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Darby
- The Centre for Advanced Photonics & Process Analysis, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Milosz Przyjalgowski
- The Centre for Advanced Photonics & Process Analysis, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paddy McGowan
- Mechanical Energy System Simulation Optimisation Group, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Jeffers
- Blackrock Castle Observatory, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan Giltinan
- Blackrock Castle Observatory, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Liam Lewis
- The Centre for Advanced Photonics & Process Analysis, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall Smith
- Blackrock Castle Observatory, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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Hartig S, Duda S, Hildebrandt L. Urgent need hybrid production - what COVID-19 can teach us about dislocated production through 3d-printing and the maker scene. 3D Print Med 2020; 6:37. [PMID: 33284417 PMCID: PMC7719736 DOI: 10.1186/s41205-020-00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to large-scale shutdowns in society. This resulted in global supply bottlenecks for medical protective equipment. The so-called Maker Movement recognized this emerging problem early on and, with the help of additive manufacturing (AM), began developing and manufacturing half masks or face shields as personal protective equipment (PPE). This knowledge has been made available in many places in form of open source product data, so that products could be adapted and improved, saving development time. METHODS This production and innovation potential has been taken up and professionalized by the authors of this article. By means of a proof-of-principle we provide an overview of the possibility and successful unique introduction of a so-called professional "hybrid production" in a micro factory using 3D-printing at the place of greatest demand in a hospital by medical personnel to produce their own PPE. Furthermore the learning process and future benefits of on site 3D-printing are described. RESULTS Our proof-of-principle successfully showed that the allocation of 3D-printing capabilities in the hospital infrastructure is possible. With assistance of the engineers, responsible for product design and development, the medical staff was able to produce PPE by means of AM. However, due to legal uncertainties and high material and production costs the usability is severely limited. CONCLUSIONS The practical research showed that a complete implementation of the concept and the short-term establishment of a 3D-printing factory for the autonomous supply of a hospital with PPE was not feasible without further efforts. Nevertheless, it has enabled the medical staff to use AM technologies for future research approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Hartig
- Helmut Schmidt University, Institute of Production Engineering, Holstenhofweg 85, Hamburg, 22043 Germany
| | - Sven Duda
- Hospital of the German Armed Forces, Department of Neurosurgery, Lange Strae 38, Westerstede, 26655 Germany
| | - Lennart Hildebrandt
- Helmut Schmidt University, Institute of Production Engineering, Holstenhofweg 85, Hamburg, 22043 Germany
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Ibanez A, Santamaria‐Garcia H, Guerrero Barragan A, Kornhuber A, Ton AMM, Slachevsky A, Teixeira AL, Mar Meza BM, Serrano CM, Cano C, Arias Gonzalez C, Gonzalez‐Billault C, Butler C, Bustin J, Duran‐Aniotz C, Acosta D, Matallana DL, Acosta‐Alvear D, Trépel D, Resende EDPF, de Oliveira FF, Ibanez F, De Felice FG, Navarrete G, Tarnanas I, Meier IB, Smid J, Llibre‐Guerra J, Llibre‐Rodriguez JJ, Fajersztajn L, Takada LT, Duque L, Okada de Oliveira M, Bicalho MAC, Behrens MI, Pintado‐Caipa M, Parra M, Wilson MZ, De La Cruz Puebla M, Custodio N, Santibanez R, Serafim RB, Tavares RM, Piña Escudero SD, Leon Rodriguez T, Dawson W, Miller BL, Kosik KS. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 in dementia across Latin America: A call for an urgent regional plan and coordinated response. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2020; 6:e12092. [PMID: 33283036 PMCID: PMC7683959 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic will disproportionately impact countries with weak economies and vulnerable populations including people with dementia. Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs) are burdened with unstable economic development, fragile health systems, massive economic disparities, and a high prevalence of dementia. Here, we underscore the selective impact of SARS-CoV-2 on dementia among LACs, the specific strain on health systems devoted to dementia, and the subsequent effect of increasing inequalities among those with dementia in the region. Implementation of best practices for mitigation and containment faces particularly steep challenges in LACs. Based upon our consideration of these issues, we urgently call for a coordinated action plan, including the development of inexpensive mass testing and multilevel regional coordination for dementia care and related actions. Brain health diplomacy should lead to a shared and escalated response across the region, coordinating leadership, and triangulation between governments and international multilateral networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC)Universidad de San AndrésBuenos AiresArgentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN)Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibañez UniversitySantiagoChile
- Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquillaColombia
| | - Hernando Santamaria‐Garcia
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Departamentos de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Envejecimiento, Centro de Memoria y Cognición IntellectusHospital Universitario San IgnacioBogotáColombia
| | - Alejandra Guerrero Barragan
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Servicio de NeurologíaSubred de Servicios de Salud SuroccidenteBogotáColombia
| | - Alexander Kornhuber
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alyne Mendonca Marques Ton
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology and PharmacologyPharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha UniversityVila VelhaEspírito SantoBrazil
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN), Neurology DepartmentDel Salvador Hospital and University of Chile Faculty of MedicineSantiagoChile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department ‐ ICBM, Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Department of Neurology and PsychiatryClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesaConcepciónChile
| | | | - Beatriz Marcela Mar Meza
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cecilia M. Serrano
- Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurologyCésar Milstein Hospital, ALMA (Asociación de Lucha contra el Mal de Alzheimer y alteraciones semejantes de la República Argentina), Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Carlos Cano
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Departamentos de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Envejecimiento, Centro de Memoria y Cognición IntellectusHospital Universitario San IgnacioBogotáColombia
| | - Carolina Arias Gonzalez
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christian Gonzalez‐Billault
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Christopher Butler
- Department of Brain SciencesImperial CollegeLondonUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of NeurologyPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Julian Bustin
- Instituto de Neurología CognitivaINCYTBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Claudia Duran‐Aniotz
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN)Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibañez UniversitySantiagoChile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Daisy Acosta
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Ureña (UNPHU), Internal Medicine DepartmentGeriatric SectionSanto DomingoDominican Republic
| | - Diana L. Matallana
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Departamentos de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Envejecimiento, Centro de Memoria y Cognición IntellectusHospital Universitario San IgnacioBogotáColombia
| | - Diego Acosta‐Alvear
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dominic Trépel
- Global Brain Health InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Elisa De Paula França Resende
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Instituto de Ensino e PesquisaSanta Casa BHBelo HorizonteBrazil
- Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Fabricio Ferreira de Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de MedicinaFederal University of São Paulo ‐ UNIFESPSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Gorka Navarrete
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN)Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibañez UniversitySantiagoChile
| | - Ioannis Tarnanas
- Altoida Inc.HoustonTexasUSA
- Swiss National Task Force for DementiaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Irene B. Meier
- Altoida Inc.HoustonTexasUSA
- Swiss National Task Force for DementiaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Jerusa Smid
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Sao Paulo; Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio RibasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Jorge Llibre‐Guerra
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisUSA
| | | | - Laís Fajersztajn
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air PollutionUniversity of São Paulo School of MedicineSao PauloBrazil
| | | | - Lissette Duque
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, NeuromedicenterNational Commission in BioethicsQuitoEcuador
| | - Maira Okada de Oliveira
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Hospital das ClinicasUniversity of Sao Paulo Medical SchoolSao PauloBrazil
- Hospital Santa MarcelinaSao PauloBrazil
| | | | - María Isabel Behrens
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department ‐ ICBM, Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- FCEFyNUniversidad Nacional de San JuanSan JuanArgentina
- Departamento de Neurología and Neurocirugía Hospital Clínico, Departamento de NeurocienciasCentro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA) Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Maritza Pintado‐Caipa
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia PreventionCognitive Neurology Center, Peruvian Institute of NeurosciencesLimaPeru
| | | | - Maxwell Z. Wilson
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Myriam De La Cruz Puebla
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)Autonome University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nilton Custodio
- Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia PreventionCognitive Neurology Center, Peruvian Institute of NeurosciencesLimaPeru
| | - Rodrigo Santibanez
- Department of NeurologyPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Neurology ServiceComplejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del RíoSantiagoChile
| | | | - Ronnielly Melo Tavares
- Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Behavioral Neurology ClinicSanta Casa de Belo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | | | - Tomas Leon Rodriguez
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN), Neurology DepartmentDel Salvador Hospital and University of Chile Faculty of MedicineSantiagoChile
| | - Walter Dawson
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologySchool of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Institute on AgingCollege of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)University of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kenneth S. Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
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Cao HL, Nguyen HAD, Luu TH, Vu HTT, Pham D, Vu VTN, Le HH, Nguyen DXB, Truong TT, Nguyen HD, Nguyen CN. Localized automation solutions in response to the first wave of COVID-19: a story from Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijpcc-10-2020-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
COVID-19 hits every country’s health-care system and economy. There is a trend toward using automation technology in response to the COVID-19 crisis not only in developed countries but also in those with lower levels of technology development. However, current studies mainly focus on the world level, and only a few ones report deployments at the country level. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of automation solutions in Vietnam with locally available materials mainly in the first wave from January to July 2020.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected COVID-related automation solutions during the first wave of COVID-19 in Vietnam from January to July 2020 through a search process. The analysis and insights of a panel consisting of various disciplines (i.e. academia, health care, government, entrepreneur and media) aim at providing a clear picture of how and to what extent these solutions have been deployed.
Findings
The authors found seven groups of solutions from low to high research and development (R&D) levels deployed across the country with various funding sources. Low R&D solutions were widely spread owing to simplicity and affordability. High R&D solutions were mainly deployed in big cities. Most of the solutions were deployed during the first phases when international supply chains were limited with a significant contribution of the media. Higher R&D solutions have opportunities to be deployed in the reopening phase. However, challenges can be listed as limited interdisciplinary research teams, market demand, the local supporting industry, end-user validation and social-ethical issues.
Originality/value
To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the use of automation technology in response to COVID-19 in Vietnam and also in a country in Southeast Asia. Lessons learned from these current deployments are useful for future emerging infectious diseases. The reality of Vietnam’s automation solutions in response to COVID-19 might be a reference for other developing countries with similar social-economic circumstances and contributes to the global picture of how different countries adopt technology to combat COVID-19.
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Javaid M, Haleem A. Exploring Smart Material Applications for COVID-19 Pandemic Using 4D Printing Technology. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION AND MANAGEMENT-INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s2424862220500219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Today, in the medical field, innovative technological advancements support healthcare systems and improve patients’ lives. 4D printing is one of the innovative technologies that creates notable innovations in the medical field. For the COVID-19 pandemic, this technology proves to be useful in the manufacturing of smart medical parts, which helps treat infected patients. As compared to 3D printing, 4D printing adds time as an additional element in the manufactured part. 4D printing uses smart materials with the same printing processes as being used in 3D printing technology, but here the part printed with smart materials change their shape with time or by the change of environmental temperature, which further creates innovation for patient treatments. 4D printing manufactures a given part, layer by layer, by taking input of a virtual (CAD) model and uses smart material. This paper studies the capability of smart materials and their advancements when used in 4D printing. We have diagrammatically presented the significant parts of 4D printing technology. This paper identifies 11 significant applications of 4D printing and then studies which one provides innovative solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Javaid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Abid Haleem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Lawson CE, Martí JM, Radivojevic T, Jonnalagadda SVR, Gentz R, Hillson NJ, Peisert S, Kim J, Simmons BA, Petzold CJ, Singer SW, Mukhopadhyay A, Tanjore D, Dunn JG, Garcia Martin H. Machine learning for metabolic engineering: A review. Metab Eng 2020; 63:34-60. [PMID: 33221420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning provides researchers a unique opportunity to make metabolic engineering more predictable. In this review, we offer an introduction to this discipline in terms that are relatable to metabolic engineers, as well as providing in-depth illustrative examples leveraging omics data and improving production. We also include practical advice for the practitioner in terms of data management, algorithm libraries, computational resources, and important non-technical issues. A variety of applications ranging from pathway construction and optimization, to genetic editing optimization, cell factory testing, and production scale-up are discussed. Moreover, the promising relationship between machine learning and mechanistic models is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, the future perspectives and most promising directions for this combination of disciplines are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Lawson
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Jose Manuel Martí
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; DOE Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Tijana Radivojevic
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; DOE Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Sai Vamshi R Jonnalagadda
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; DOE Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Reinhard Gentz
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nathan J Hillson
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; DOE Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Sean Peisert
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joonhoon Kim
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 99354, WA, USA
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; DOE Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; DOE Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Steven W Singer
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA
| | - Deepti Tanjore
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | | | - Hector Garcia Martin
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; DOE Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, 48009, Bilbao, Spain; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA.
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Homayounieh F, Holmberg O, Umairi RA, Aly S, Basevičius A, Costa PR, Darweesh A, Gershan V, Ilves P, Kostova-Lefterova D, Renha SK, Mohseni I, Rampado O, Rotaru N, Shirazu I, Sinitsyn V, Turk T, Van Ngoc Ty C, Kalra MK, Vassileva J. Variations in CT Utilization, Protocols, and Radiation Doses in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Results from 28 Countries in the IAEA Study. Radiology 2020; 298:E141-E151. [PMID: 33170104 PMCID: PMC7673104 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020203453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background There is lack of guidance on specific CT protocols for imaging patients
with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Purpose To assess international variations in CT utilization, protocols, and
radiation doses in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and Methods In this retrospective data collection study, the International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA) coordinated a survey between May and July 2020
regarding CT utilization, protocols, and radiation doses from 62
healthcare sites in 34 countries across five continents for CT exams
performed in COVID-19 pneumonia. The questionnaire obtained information
on local prevalence, method of diagnosis, most frequent imaging,
indications for CT, and specific policies on use of CT in COVID-19
pneumonia. Collected data included general information (patient age,
weight, clinical indication), CT equipment (CT make and model, year of
installation, number of detector rows), scan protocols (body region,
scan phases, tube current and potential), and radiation dose descriptors
(CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP)).
Descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations were
performed. Results Data from 782 patients (median age (interquartile range) of 59(15) years)
from 54 healthcare sites in 28 countries were evaluated. Less than
one-half of the healthcare sites used CT for initial diagnosis of
COVID-19 pneumonia and three-fourth used CT for assessing disease
severity. CTDIvol varied based on CT vendors (7-11mGy,
p<0.001), number of detector-rows (8-9mGy, p<0.001), year of
CT installation (7-10mGy, p=0.006), and reconstruction techniques
(7-10mGy, p=0.03). Multiphase chest CT exams performed in 20% of
sites (11 of 54) were associated with higher DLP compared with
single-phase chest CT exams performed in 80% (43 of 54 sites)
(p=0.008). Conclusion CT use, scan protocols, and radiation doses in patients with COVID-19
pneumonia showed wide variation across healthcare sites within the same
and different countries. Many patients were scanned multiple times
and/or with multiphase CT scan protocols. See also the editorial by Lee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Homayounieh
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Ola Holmberg
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Rashid Al Umairi
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Sallam Aly
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Algidas Basevičius
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Paulo Roberto Costa
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Adham Darweesh
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Vesna Gershan
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Pilvi Ilves
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Desislava Kostova-Lefterova
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Simone Kodlulovich Renha
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Iman Mohseni
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Osvaldo Rampado
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Natalia Rotaru
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Issahaku Shirazu
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Valentin Sinitsyn
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Tajana Turk
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Claire Van Ngoc Ty
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Mannudeep K Kalra
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
| | - Jenia Vassileva
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Blossom Ct, Room 248, Boston, MA 02114 (F.H., M.K.K.); Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (O.H., J.V.); The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman (R.A.U.); Alfa Scan Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt (S.A.); Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.B.); Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (P.R.C.); Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.D.); Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia (V.G.); Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Tartu, Estonia (P.I.); Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (D.K.L.); Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S.K.R.); Radiology Department, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (I.M.); Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (O.R.); Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova (N.R.); Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana (I.S.); University Hospital, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation (V.S.); University Hospital Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia (T.T.); and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (C.V.N.T.)
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Petsiuk A, Tanikella NG, Dertinger S, Pringle A, Oberloier S, Pearce JM. Partially RepRapable automated open source bag valve mask-based ventilator. HARDWAREX 2020. [PMID: 32835141 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202006.0318.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development of a simple and easy-to-build portable automated bag valve mask (BVM) compression system, which, during acute shortages and supply chain disruptions can serve as a temporary emergency ventilator. The resuscitation system is based on the Arduino controller with a real-time operating system installed on a largely RepRap 3-D printable parametric component-based structure. The cost of the materials for the system is under $170, which makes it affordable for replication by makers around the world. The device provides a controlled breathing mode with tidal volumes from 100 to 800 mL, breathing rates from 5 to 40 breaths/minute, and inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio from 1:1 to 1:4. The system is designed for reliability and scalability of measurement circuits through the use of the serial peripheral interface and has the ability to connect additional hardware due to the object-oriented algorithmic approach. Experimental results after testing on an artificial lung for peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), respiratory rate (RR), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), tidal volume, proximal pressure, and lung pressure demonstrate repeatability and accuracy exceeding human capabilities in BVM-based manual ventilation. Future work is necessary to further develop and test the system to make it acceptable for deployment outside of emergencies such as with COVID-19 pandemic in clinical environments, however, the nature of the design is such that desired features are relatively easy to add using protocols and parametric design files provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksei Petsiuk
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Nagendra G Tanikella
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | | | - Adam Pringle
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Shane Oberloier
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Joshua M Pearce
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
- Équipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs (ERPI) , Université de Lorraine, France
- School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Finland
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43
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Mora S, Duarte F, Ratti C. Can Open Source Hardware Mechanical Ventilator (OSH-MVs) initiatives help cope with the COVID-19 health crisis? Taxonomy and state of the art. HARDWAREX 2020; 8:e00150. [PMID: 33134614 PMCID: PMC7584497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The field of Open Source Hardware Mechanical Ventilators (OSH-MVs) has seen a steep rise of contributions during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. As predictions showed that the number of patients would exceed current supply of hospital-grade ventilators, a number of formal (academia, the industry and governments) and informal (fablabs and startups) entities raced to develop cheap, easy-to-fabricate mechanical ventilators. The presence of actors with very diverse modus operandi as well as the speed at which the field has grown, led to a fragmented design space characterized by a lack of clear design patterns, projects not meeting the minimum functional requirements or showing little-to-no innovation; but also valid alternatives to hospital-grade devices. In this paper we provide a taxonomic system to help researchers with no background in biomedical engineering to read, understand and contribute to the OSH-MV field. The taxonomy is composed of ten properties that are read through the lenses of three reflection criteria: buildability, adoptability and scalability. We applied the taxonomy to the analysis of seventeen OSH-MV projects, which are representative of the current landscape of possibilities available for COVID-19 patients. We discuss the different design choices adopted by each project highlighting strengths and weaknesses and we suggest possible directions for the development of the OSH-MV field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mora
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Fábio Duarte
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carlo Ratti
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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44
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Hubbard BR, Pearce JM. Conversion of self-contained breathing apparatus mask to open source powered air-purifying particulate respirator for fire fighter COVID-19 response. HARDWAREX 2020; 8:e00129. [PMID: 32835140 PMCID: PMC7384434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To assist firefighters and other first responders to use their existing equipment for respiration during the COVID-19 pandemic without using single-use, low-supply, masks, this study outlines an open source kit to convert a 3M-manufactured Scott Safety self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) into a powered air-purifying particulate respirator (PAPR). The open source PAPR can be fabricated with a low-cost 3-D printer and widely available components for less than $150, replacing commercial conversion kits saving 85% or full-fledged proprietary PAPRs saving over 90%. The parametric designs allow for adaptation to other core components and can be custom fit specifically to fire-fighter equipment, including their suspenders. The open source PAPR has controllable air flow and its design enables breathing even if the fan is disconnected or if the battery dies. The open source PAPR was tested for air flow as a function of battery life and was found to meet NIOSH air flow requirements for 4 h, which is 300% over expected regular use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Hubbard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Joshua M. Pearce
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
- Équipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs (ERPI), Université de Lorraine, France
- School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Finland
- Corresponding author.
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45
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Pearce JM. Economic savings for scientific free and open source technology: A review. HARDWAREX 2020; 8:e00139. [PMID: 32923748 PMCID: PMC7480774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Both the free and open source software (FOSS) as well as the distributed digital manufacturing of free and open source hardware (FOSH) has shown particular promise among scientists for developing custom scientific tools. Early research found substantial economic savings for these technologies, but as the open source design paradigm has grown by orders of magnitude it is possible that the savings observed in the early work was isolated to special cases. Today there are examples of open source technology for science in the vast majority of disciplines and several resources dedicated specifically to publishing them. Do the tremendous economic savings observed earlier hold today? To answer that question, this study evaluates free and open source technologies in the two repositories compared to proprietary functionally-equivalent tools as a function of their use of Arduino-based electronics, RepRap-class 3-D printing, as well as the combination of the two. The results of the review find overwhelming evidence for a wide range of scientific tools, that open source technologies provide economic savings of 87% compared to equivalent or lesser proprietary tools. These economic savings increased slightly to 89% for those that used Arduino technology and even more to 92% for those that used RepRap-class 3-D printing. Combining both Arduino and 3-D printing the savings averaged 94% for free and open source tools over commercial equivalents. The results provide strong evidence for financial support of open source hardware and software development for the sciences. Given the overwhelming economic advantages of free and open source technologies, it appears financially responsible to divert funding of proprietary scientific tools and their development in favor of FOSH. Policies were outlined that provide nations with a template for strategically harvesting the opportunities provided by the free and open source paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Pearce
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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46
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Petsiuk A, Tanikella NG, Dertinger S, Pringle A, Oberloier S, Pearce JM. Partially RepRapable automated open source bag valve mask-based ventilator. HARDWAREX 2020; 8:e00131. [PMID: 32835141 PMCID: PMC7417990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development of a simple and easy-to-build portable automated bag valve mask (BVM) compression system, which, during acute shortages and supply chain disruptions can serve as a temporary emergency ventilator. The resuscitation system is based on the Arduino controller with a real-time operating system installed on a largely RepRap 3-D printable parametric component-based structure. The cost of the materials for the system is under $170, which makes it affordable for replication by makers around the world. The device provides a controlled breathing mode with tidal volumes from 100 to 800 mL, breathing rates from 5 to 40 breaths/minute, and inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio from 1:1 to 1:4. The system is designed for reliability and scalability of measurement circuits through the use of the serial peripheral interface and has the ability to connect additional hardware due to the object-oriented algorithmic approach. Experimental results after testing on an artificial lung for peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), respiratory rate (RR), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), tidal volume, proximal pressure, and lung pressure demonstrate repeatability and accuracy exceeding human capabilities in BVM-based manual ventilation. Future work is necessary to further develop and test the system to make it acceptable for deployment outside of emergencies such as with COVID-19 pandemic in clinical environments, however, the nature of the design is such that desired features are relatively easy to add using protocols and parametric design files provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksei Petsiuk
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Nagendra G. Tanikella
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | | | - Adam Pringle
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Shane Oberloier
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Joshua M. Pearce
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
- Équipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs (ERPI) , Université de Lorraine, France
- School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Finland
- Corresponding author.
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Rabiee N, Bagherzadeh M, Ghasemi A, Zare H, Ahmadi S, Fatahi Y, Dinarvand R, Rabiee M, Ramakrishna S, Shokouhimehr M, Varma RS. Point-of-Use Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2: Nanotechnology-Enabled Solutions for the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5126. [PMID: 32698479 PMCID: PMC7404277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COVID-19 pandemic that has been spreading around the world since December 2019. More than 10 million affected cases and more than half a million deaths have been reported so far, while no vaccine is yet available as a treatment. Considering the global healthcare urgency, several techniques, including whole genome sequencing and computed tomography imaging have been employed for diagnosing infected people. Considerable efforts are also directed at detecting and preventing different modes of community transmission. Among them is the rapid detection of virus presence on different surfaces with which people may come in contact. Detection based on non-contact optical techniques is very helpful in managing the spread of the virus, and to aid in the disinfection of surfaces. Nanomaterial-based methods are proven suitable for rapid detection. Given the immense need for science led innovative solutions, this manuscript critically reviews recent literature to specifically illustrate nano-engineered effective and rapid solutions. In addition, all the different techniques are critically analyzed, compared, and contrasted to identify the most promising methods. Moreover, promising research ideas for high accuracy of detection in trace concentrations, via color change and light-sensitive nanostructures, to assist fingerprint techniques (to identify the virus at the contact surface of the gas and solid phase) are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-3516, Iran; (N.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-3516, Iran; (N.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9466, Iran;
| | - Hossein Zare
- Biomaterials Group, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16844, Iran;
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran; (Y.F.); (R.D.)
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran; (Y.F.); (R.D.)
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore;
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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48
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Belhouideg S. Impact of 3D printed medical equipment on the management of the Covid19 pandemic. Int J Health Plann Manage 2020; 35:1014-1022. [PMID: 32567722 PMCID: PMC7361600 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Very high mortality rates of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) are observed around the world due to lack of medical equipment. The increased need for medical devices and personal protective equipment (PPE) has kept several healthcare professionals at risk. Fortunately, 3D printing technology allows to overcome the lack of medical supplies. This study highlights the impact of 3D printing on the combat against COVID19, and its importance in the medical product supply chain. Indeed, the existing medical equipment fabricated by 3D printing technology and its role in the management of Covid19 pandemic is presented. Moreover, the last works are examined to know whether the models of the medical equipment are free of use and whether useful informations are presented (eg, available design data and setup guidelines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Belhouideg
- Team of Applied Physics and New Technologies, Department of Physics, Polydisciplinary Faculty Beni Mellal, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
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49
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Distributed Manufacturing of Open Source Medical Hardware for Pandemics. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmmp4020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Distributed digital manufacturing offers a solution to medical supply and technology shortages during pandemics. To prepare for the next pandemic, this study reviews the state-of-the-art of open hardware designs needed in a COVID-19-like pandemic. It evaluates the readiness of the top twenty technologies requested by the Government of India. The results show that the majority of the actual medical products have some open source development, however, only 15% of the supporting technologies required to produce them are freely available. The results show there is still considerable research needed to provide open source paths for the development of all the medical hardware needed during pandemics. Five core areas of future research are discussed, which include (i) technical development of a wide-range of open source solutions for all medical supplies and devices, (ii) policies that protect the productivity of laboratories, makerspaces, and fabrication facilities during a pandemic, as well as (iii) streamlining the regulatory process, (iv) developing Good-Samaritan laws to protect makers and designers of open medical hardware, as well as to compel those with knowledge that will save lives to share it, and (v) requiring all citizen-funded research to be released with free and open source licenses.
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Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) threatens to overwhelm our medical infrastructure at the regional level causing spikes in mortality rates because of shortages of critical equipment, like ventilators. Fortunately, with the recent development and widespread deployment of small-scale manufacturing technologies like RepRap-class 3-D printers and open source microcontrollers, mass distributed manufacturing of ventilators has the potential to overcome medical supply shortages. In this study, after providing a background on ventilators, the academic literature is reviewed to find the existing and already openly-published, vetted designs for ventilators systems. These articles are analyzed to determine if the designs are open source both in spirit (license) as well as practical details (e.g. possessing accessible design source files, bill of materials, assembly instructions, wiring diagrams, firmware and software as well as operation and calibration instructions). Next, the existing Internet and gray literature are reviewed for open source ventilator projects and designs. The results of this review found that the tested and peer-reviewed systems lacked complete documentation and the open systems that were documented were either at the very early stages of design (sometimes without even a prototype) and were essentially only basically tested (if at all). With the considerably larger motivation of an ongoing pandemic, it is assumed these projects will garner greater attention and resources to make significant progress to reach a functional and easily-replicated system. There is a large amount of future work needed to move open source ventilators up to the level considered scientific-grade equipment, and even further work needed to reach medical-grade hardware. Future work is needed to achieve the potential of this approach by developing policies, updating regulations, and securing funding mechanisms for the development and testing of open source ventilators for both the current COVID19 pandemic as well as for future pandemics and for everyday use in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Pearce
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
- Équipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs (ERPI), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
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