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Hsiao YC, Yang Y, Liu CW, Peng J, Feng J, Zhao H, Teitelbaum T, Lu K. Multiomics to Characterize the Molecular Events Underlying Impaired Glucose Tolerance in FXR-Knockout Mice. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3332-3341. [PMID: 38967328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of different metabolic syndromes has grown globally, and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a metabolic homeostat for glucose, lipid, and bile acid metabolisms, may serve an important role in the progression of metabolic disorders. Glucose intolerance by FXR deficiency was previously reported and observed in our study, but the underlying biology remained unclear. To investigate the ambiguity, we collected the nontargeted profiles of the fecal metaproteome, serum metabolome, and liver proteome in Fxr-null (Fxr-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice with LC-HRMS. FXR deficiency showed a global impact on the different molecular levels we monitored, suggesting its serious disruption in the gut microbiota, hepatic metabolism, and circulating biomolecules. The network and enrichment analyses of the dysregulated metabolites and proteins suggested the perturbation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by FXR deficiency. Fxr-/- mice presented lower levels of hepatic proteins involved in glycogenesis. The impairment of glycogenesis by an FXR deficiency may leave glucose to accumulate in the circulation, which may deteriorate glucose tolerance. Lipid metabolism was dysregulated by FXR deficiency in a structural-dependent manner. Fatty acid β-oxidations were alleviated, but cholesterol metabolism was promoted by an FXR deficiency. Together, we explored the molecular events associated with glucose intolerance by impaired FXR with integrated novel multiomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yifei Yang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jingya Peng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jiahao Feng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Haoduo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Taylor Teitelbaum
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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2
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Vieira-Lara MA, Bakker BM. The paradox of fatty-acid β-oxidation in muscle insulin resistance: Metabolic control and muscle heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167172. [PMID: 38631409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a metabolically heterogeneous tissue that plays a key role in maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis. It is well known that muscle insulin resistance (IR) precedes the development of type 2 diabetes. There is a consensus that the accumulation of specific lipid species in the tissue can drive IR. However, the role of the mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation in IR and, consequently, in the control of glucose uptake remains paradoxical: interventions that either inhibit or activate fatty-acid β-oxidation have been shown to prevent IR. We here discuss the current theories and evidence for the interplay between β-oxidation and glucose uptake in IR. To address the underlying intricacies, we (1) dive into the control of glucose uptake fluxes into muscle tissues using the framework of Metabolic Control Analysis, and (2) disentangle concepts of flux and catalytic capacities taking into account skeletal muscle heterogeneity. Finally, we speculate about hitherto unexplored mechanisms that could bring contrasting evidence together. Elucidating how β-oxidation is connected to muscle IR and the underlying role of muscle heterogeneity enhances disease understanding and paves the way for new treatments for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Pal N, Acharjee A, Ament Z, Dent T, Yavari A, Mahmod M, Ariga R, West J, Steeples V, Cassar M, Howell NJ, Lockstone H, Elliott K, Yavari P, Briggs W, Frenneaux M, Prendergast B, Dwight JS, Kharbanda R, Watkins H, Ashrafian H, Griffin JL. Metabolic profiling of aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy identifies mechanistic contrasts in substrate utilization. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23505. [PMID: 38507255 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301710rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are distinct disorders leading to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), but whether cardiac metabolism substantially differs between these in humans remains to be elucidated. We undertook an invasive (aortic root, coronary sinus) metabolic profiling in patients with severe AS and HCM in comparison with non-LVH controls to investigate cardiac fuel selection and metabolic remodeling. These patients were assessed under different physiological states (at rest, during stress induced by pacing). The identified changes in the metabolome were further validated by metabolomic and orthogonal transcriptomic analysis, in separately recruited patient cohorts. We identified a highly discriminant metabolomic signature in severe AS in all samples, regardless of sampling site, characterized by striking accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines, intermediates of fatty acid transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and validated this in a separate cohort. Mechanistically, we identify a downregulation in the PPAR-α transcriptional network, including expression of genes regulating fatty acid oxidation (FAO). In silico modeling of β-oxidation demonstrated that flux could be inhibited by both the accumulation of fatty acids as a substrate for mitochondria and the accumulation of medium-chain carnitines which induce competitive inhibition of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. We present a comprehensive analysis of changes in the metabolic pathways (transcriptome to metabolome) in severe AS, and its comparison to HCM. Our results demonstrate a progressive impairment of β-oxidation from HCM to AS, particularly for FAO of long-chain fatty acids, and that the PPAR-α signaling network may be a specific metabolic therapeutic target in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Pal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC-Human Nutrition Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Ament
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC-Human Nutrition Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Dent
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Arash Yavari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Masliza Mahmod
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rina Ariga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - James West
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC-Human Nutrition Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Violetta Steeples
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (WTCHG), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Cassar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil J Howell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Lockstone
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (WTCHG), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kate Elliott
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (WTCHG), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Parisa Yavari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - William Briggs
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Educational Building, Norwich, UK
| | - Bernard Prendergast
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy S Dwight
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajesh Kharbanda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Houman Ashrafian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC-Human Nutrition Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Odendaal C, Jager EA, Martines ACMF, Vieira-Lara MA, Huijkman NCA, Kiyuna LA, Gerding A, Wolters JC, Heiner-Fokkema R, van Eunen K, Derks TGJ, Bakker BM. Personalised modelling of clinical heterogeneity between medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase patients. BMC Biol 2023; 21:184. [PMID: 37667308 PMCID: PMC10478272 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monogenetic inborn errors of metabolism cause a wide phenotypic heterogeneity that may even differ between family members carrying the same genetic variant. Computational modelling of metabolic networks may identify putative sources of this inter-patient heterogeneity. Here, we mainly focus on medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), the most common inborn error of the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (mFAO). It is an enigma why some MCADD patients-if untreated-are at risk to develop severe metabolic decompensations, whereas others remain asymptomatic throughout life. We hypothesised that an ability to maintain an increased free mitochondrial CoA (CoASH) and pathway flux might distinguish asymptomatic from symptomatic patients. RESULTS We built and experimentally validated, for the first time, a kinetic model of the human liver mFAO. Metabolites were partitioned according to their water solubility between the bulk aqueous matrix and the inner membrane. Enzymes are also either membrane-bound or in the matrix. This metabolite partitioning is a novel model attribute and improved predictions. MCADD substantially reduced pathway flux and CoASH, the latter due to the sequestration of CoA as medium-chain acyl-CoA esters. Analysis of urine from MCADD patients obtained during a metabolic decompensation showed an accumulation of medium- and short-chain acylcarnitines, just like the acyl-CoA pool in the MCADD model. The model suggested some rescues that increased flux and CoASH, notably increasing short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) levels. Proteome analysis of MCADD patient-derived fibroblasts indeed revealed elevated levels of SCAD in a patient with a clinically asymptomatic state. This is a rescue for MCADD that has not been explored before. Personalised models based on these proteomics data confirmed an increased pathway flux and CoASH in the model of an asymptomatic patient compared to those of symptomatic MCADD patients. CONCLUSIONS We present a detailed, validated kinetic model of mFAO in human liver, with solubility-dependent metabolite partitioning. Personalised modelling of individual patients provides a novel explanation for phenotypic heterogeneity among MCADD patients. Further development of personalised metabolic models is a promising direction to improve individualised risk assessment, management and monitoring for inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoff Odendaal
- Laboratory of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emmalie A Jager
- Laboratory of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Claire M F Martines
- Laboratory of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel A Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolette C A Huijkman
- Laboratory of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ligia A Kiyuna
- Laboratory of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Laboratory of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Laboratory of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karen van Eunen
- Laboratory of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Terry G J Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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5
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Bekeova C, Han JI, Xu H, Kerr E, Blackburne B, Lynch SC, Mesaros C, Murgia M, Vadigepalli R, Beld J, Leonardi R, Snyder NW, Seifert EL. Acyl-CoA thioesterase-2 facilitates β-oxidation in glycolytic skeletal muscle in a lipid supply dependent manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546724. [PMID: 37425757 PMCID: PMC10327053 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-Coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) thioesters are compartmentalized intermediates that participate in in multiple metabolic reactions within the mitochondrial matrix. The limited availability of free CoA (CoASH) in the matrix raises the question of how the local acyl-CoA concentration is regulated to prevent trapping of CoASH from overload of any specific substrate. Acyl-CoA thioesterase-2 (ACOT2) hydrolyzes long-chain acyl-CoAs to their constituent fatty acids and CoASH, and is the only mitochondrial matrix ACOT refractory to inhibition by CoASH. Thus, we reasoned that ACOT2 may constitutively regulate matrix acyl-CoA levels. Acot2 deletion in murine skeletal muscle (SM) resulted in acyl-CoA build-up when lipid supply and energy demands were modest. When energy demand and pyruvate availability were elevated, lack of ACOT2 activity promoted glucose oxidation. This preference for glucose over fatty acid oxidation was recapitulated in C2C12 myotubes with acute depletion of Acot2 , and overt inhibition of β-oxidation was demonstrated in isolated mitochondria from Acot2 -depleted glycolytic SM. In mice fed a high fat diet, ACOT2 enabled the accretion of acyl-CoAs and ceramide derivatives in glycolytic SM, and this was associated with worse glucose homeostasis compared to when ACOT2 was absent. These observations suggest that ACOT2 supports CoASH availability to facilitate β-oxidation in glycolytic SM when lipid supply is modest. However, when lipid supply is high, ACOT2 enables acyl-CoA and lipid accumulation, CoASH sequestration, and poor glucose homeostasis. Thus, ACOT2 regulates matrix acyl-CoA concentration in glycolytic muscle, and its impact depends on lipid supply.
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6
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Rossi A, Assunto A, Rosano C, Tucci S, Ruoppolo M, Caterino M, Pirozzi F, Strisciuglio P, Parenti G, Melis D. Mitochondrial reprogramming in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia. GENES & NUTRITION 2023; 18:10. [PMID: 37280548 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) is an inborn metabolic disorder caused by the deficiency of glucose-6-phospatase-α (G6Pase-α) leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. It remains unclear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is present in patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and whether dietary treatment can play a role. The aim of this study was to investigate mitochondrial function in PBMC of GSDIa patients. METHODS Ten GSDIa patients and 10 age-, sex- and fasting-time matched controls were enrolled. Expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and activity of key fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and Krebs cycle proteins were assessed in PBMC. Targeted metabolomics and assessment of metabolic control markers were also performed. RESULTS Adult GSDIa patients showed increased CPT1A, SDHB, TFAM, mTOR expression (p < 0.05) and increased VLCAD, CPT2 and citrate synthase activity in PBMC (p < 0.05). VLCAD activity directly correlated with WC (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.05), serum malonycarnitine levels (p < 0.05). CPT2 activity directly correlated with BMI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Mitochondrial reprogramming is detectable in PBMC of GSDIa patients. This feature may develop as an adaptation to the liver enzyme defect and may be triggered by dietary (over)treatment in the frame of G6Pase-α deficiency. PBMC can represent an adequate mean to assess (diet-induced) metabolic disturbances in GSDIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Assunto
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Rosano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Tucci
- Pharmacy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pirozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Section of Pediatrics, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 43 84081, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy.
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7
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Kloska SM, Pałczyński K, Marciniak T, Talaśka T, Miller M, Wysocki BJ, Davis P, Wysocki TA. Conversion of fat to cellular fuel-Fatty acids β-oxidation model. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 104:107860. [PMID: 37028176 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
β-oxidation of fatty acids plays a significant role in the energy metabolism of the cell. This paper presents a β-oxidation model of fatty acids based on queueing theory. It uses Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics, and literature data on metabolites' concentration and enzymatic constants. A genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters for the pathway reactions. The model enables real-time tracking of changes in the concentrations of metabolites with different carbon chain lengths. Another application of the presented model is to predict the changes caused by system disturbance, such as altered enzyme activity or abnormal fatty acid concentration. The model has been validated against experimental data. There are diseases that change the metabolism of fatty acids and the presented model can be used to understand the cause of these changes, analyze metabolites abnormalities, and determine the initial target of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester M Kloska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Pałczyński
- Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Marciniak
- Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Talaśka
- Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marissa Miller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, USA
| | - Beata J Wysocki
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, USA
| | - Paul Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, USA
| | - Tadeusz A Wysocki
- Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, USA
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8
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Koves TR, Zhang GF, Davidson MT, Chaves AB, Crown SB, Johnson JM, Slentz DH, Grimsrud PA, Muoio DM. Pyruvate-supported flux through medium-chain ketothiolase promotes mitochondrial lipid tolerance in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Cell Metab 2023:S1550-4131(23)00094-3. [PMID: 37060901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Even-chain acylcarnitine (AC) metabolites, most of which are generated as byproducts of incomplete fatty acid oxidation (FAO), are viewed as biomarkers of mitochondrial lipid stress attributable to one or more metabolic bottlenecks in the β-oxidation pathway. The origins and functional implications of FAO bottlenecks remain poorly understood. Here, we combined a sophisticated mitochondrial phenotyping platform with state-of-the-art molecular profiling tools and multiple two-state mouse models of respiratory function to uncover a mechanism that connects AC accumulation to lipid intolerance, metabolic inflexibility, and respiratory inefficiency in skeletal muscle mitochondria. These studies also identified a short-chain carbon circuit at the C4 node of FAO wherein reverse flux of glucose-derived acetyl CoA through medium-chain ketothiolase enhances lipid tolerance and redox stability in heart mitochondria by regenerating free CoA and NAD+. The findings help to explain why diminished FAO capacity, AC accumulation, and metabolic inflexibility are tightly linked to poor health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael T Davidson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Alec B Chaves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Scott B Crown
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Jordan M Johnson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dorothy H Slentz
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Paul A Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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9
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Goutman SA, Boss J, Iyer G, Habra H, Savelieff MG, Karnovsky A, Mukherjee B, Feldman EL. Body mass index associates with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis survival and metabolomic profiles. Muscle Nerve 2023; 67:208-216. [PMID: 36321729 PMCID: PMC9957813 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Body mass index (BMI) is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk and prognosis, but additional research is needed. The aim of this study was to identify whether and when historical changes in BMI occurred in ALS participants, how these longer term trajectories associated with survival, and whether metabolomic profiles provided insight into potential mechanisms. METHODS ALS and control participants self-reported body height and weight 10 (reference) and 5 years earlier, and at study entry (diagnosis for ALS participants). Generalized estimating equations evaluated differences in BMI trajectories between cases and controls. ALS survival was evaluated by BMI trajectory group using accelerated failure time models. BMI trajectories and survival associations were explored using published metabolomic profiling and correlation networks. RESULTS Ten-year BMI trends differed between ALS and controls, with BMI loss in the 5 years before diagnosis despite BMI gains 10 to 5 years beforehand in both groups. An overall 10-year drop in BMI associated with a 27.1% decrease in ALS survival (P = .010). Metabolomic networks in ALS participants showed dysregulation in sphingomyelin, bile acid, and plasmalogen subpathways. DISCUSSION ALS participants lost weight in the 5-year period before enrollment. BMI trajectories had three distinct groups and the group with significant weight loss in the past 10 years had the worst survival. Participants with a high BMI and increase in weight in the 10 years before symptom onset also had shorter survival. Certain metabolomics profiles were associated with the BMI trajectories. Replicating these findings in prospective cohorts is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan Boss
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gayatri Iyer
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hani Habra
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Masha G Savelieff
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alla Karnovsky
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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10
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Lund M, Heaton R, Hargreaves IP, Gregersen N, Olsen RKJ. Odd- and even-numbered medium-chained fatty acids protect against glutathione depletion in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159248. [PMID: 36356723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent trials have reported the ability of triheptanoin to improve clinical outcomes for the severe symptoms associated with long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders, including very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency. However, the milder myopathic symptoms are still challenging to treat satisfactorily. Myopathic pathogenesis is multifactorial, but oxidative stress is an important component. We have previously shown that metabolic stress increases the oxidative burden in VLCAD-deficient cell lines and can deplete the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). We investigated whether medium-chain fatty acids provide protection against GSH depletion during metabolic stress in VLCAD-deficient fibroblasts. To investigate the effect of differences in anaplerotic capacity, we included both even-(octanoate) and odd-numbered (heptanoate) medium-chain fatty acids. Overall, we show that modulation of the concentration of medium-chain fatty acids in culture media affects levels of GSH retained during metabolic stress in VLCAD-deficient cell lines but not in controls. Lowered glutamine concentration in the culture media during metabolic stress led to GSH depletion and decreased viability in VLCAD deficient cells, which could be rescued by both heptanoate and octanoate in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike GSH levels, the levels of total thiols increased after metabolic stress exposure, the size of this increase was not affected by differences in cell culture medium concentrations of glutamine, heptanoate or octanoate. Addition of a PPAR agonist further exacerbated stress-related GSH-depletion and viability loss, requiring higher concentrations of fatty acids to restore GSH levels and cell viability. Both odd- and even-numbered medium-chain fatty acids efficiently protect VLCADdeficient cells against metabolic stress-induced antioxidant depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lund
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juel-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Robert Heaton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juel-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke K J Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juel-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
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11
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Goutman SA, Guo K, Savelieff MG, Patterson A, Sakowski SA, Habra H, Karnovsky A, Hur J, Feldman EL. Metabolomics identifies shared lipid pathways in independent amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cohorts. Brain 2022; 145:4425-4439. [PMID: 35088843 PMCID: PMC9762943 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease lacking effective treatments. This is due, in part, to a complex and incompletely understood pathophysiology. To shed light, we conducted untargeted metabolomics on plasma from two independent cross-sectional ALS cohorts versus control participants to identify recurrent dysregulated metabolic pathways. Untargeted metabolomics was performed on plasma from two ALS cohorts (cohort 1, n = 125; cohort 2, n = 225) and healthy controls (cohort 1, n = 71; cohort 2, n = 104). Individual differential metabolites in ALS cases versus controls were assessed by Wilcoxon, adjusted logistic regression and partial least squares-discriminant analysis, while group lasso explored sub-pathway level differences. Adjustment parameters included age, sex and body mass index. Metabolomics pathway enrichment analysis was performed on metabolites selected using the above methods. Additionally, we conducted a sex sensitivity analysis due to sex imbalance in the cohort 2 control arm. Finally, a data-driven approach, differential network enrichment analysis (DNEA), was performed on a combined dataset to further identify important ALS metabolic pathways. Cohort 2 ALS participants were slightly older than the controls (64.0 versus 62.0 years, P = 0.009). Cohort 2 controls were over-represented in females (68%, P < 0.001). The most concordant cohort 1 and 2 pathways centred heavily on lipid sub-pathways, including complex and signalling lipid species and metabolic intermediates. There were differences in sub-pathways that were enriched in ALS females versus males, including in lipid sub-pathways. Finally, DNEA of the merged metabolite dataset of both ALS and control cohorts identified nine significant subnetworks; three centred on lipids and two encompassed a range of sub-pathways. In our analysis, we saw consistent and important shared metabolic sub-pathways in both ALS cohorts, particularly in lipids, further supporting their importance as ALS pathomechanisms and therapeutics targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Masha G Savelieff
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam Patterson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stacey A Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hani Habra
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alla Karnovsky
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Afshinnia F, Reynolds EL, Rajendiran TM, Soni T, Byun J, Savelieff MG, Looker HC, Nelson RG, Michailidis G, Callaghan BC, Pennathur S, Feldman EL. Serum lipidomic determinants of human diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1392-1404. [PMID: 35923113 PMCID: PMC9463947 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The serum lipidomic profile associated with neuropathy in type 2 diabetes is not well understood. Obesity and dyslipidemia are known neuropathy risk factors, suggesting lipid profiles early during type 2 diabetes may identify individuals who develop neuropathy later in the disease course. This retrospective cohort study examined lipidomic profiles 10 years prior to type 2 diabetic neuropathy assessment. METHODS Participants comprised members of the Gila River Indian community with type 2 diabetes (n = 69) with available stored serum samples and neuropathy assessment 10 years later using the combined Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) examination and questionnaire scores. A combined MNSI index was calculated from examination and questionnaire scores. Serum lipids (435 species from 18 classes) were quantified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS The cohort included 17 males and 52 females with a mean age of 45 years (SD = 9 years). Participants were stratified as with (high MNSI index score > 2.5407) versus without neuropathy (low MNSI index score ≤ 2.5407). Significantly decreased medium-chain acylcarnitines and increased total free fatty acids, independent of chain length and saturation, in serum at baseline associated with incident peripheral neuropathy at follow-up, that is, participants had high MNSI index scores, independent of covariates. Participants with neuropathy also had decreased phosphatidylcholines and increased lysophosphatidylcholines at baseline, independent of chain length and saturation. The abundance of other lipid classes did not differ significantly by neuropathy status. INTERPRETATION Abundance differences in circulating acylcarnitines, free fatty acids, phosphatidylcholines, and lysophosphatidylcholines 10 years prior to neuropathy assessment are associated with neuropathy status in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farsad Afshinnia
- Department of Internal Medicine‐NephrologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Evan L. Reynolds
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Thekkelnaycke M. Rajendiran
- University of Michigan, Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource CoreAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of PathologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Tanu Soni
- University of Michigan, Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource CoreAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Jaeman Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine‐NephrologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Masha G. Savelieff
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Helen C. Looker
- Chronic Kidney Disease SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Robert G. Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - George Michailidis
- Department of Statistics and the Informatics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Brian C. Callaghan
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Department of Internal Medicine‐NephrologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,University of Michigan, Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource CoreAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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13
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Kuerschner L, Leyendecker P, Klizaite K, Fiedler M, Saam J, Thiele C. Development of oxaalkyne and alkyne fatty acids as novel tracers to study fatty acid beta-oxidation pathways and intermediates. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100188. [PMID: 35247455 PMCID: PMC8988009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid beta-oxidation is a key process in mammalian lipid catabolism. Disturbance of this process results in severe clinical symptoms, including dysfunction of the liver, a major beta-oxidizing tissue. For a thorough understanding of this process, a comprehensive analysis of involved fatty acid and acyl-carnitine intermediates is desired, but capable methods are lacking. Here, we introduce oxaalkyne and alkyne fatty acids as novel tracers to study the beta-oxidation of long- and medium-chain fatty acids in liver lysates and primary hepatocytes. Combining these new tracer tools with highly sensitive chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses, this study confirms differences in metabolic handling of fatty acids of different chain length. Unlike longer chains, we found that medium-chain fatty acids that were activated inside or outside of mitochondria by different acyl-CoA synthetases could enter mitochondria in the form of free fatty acids or as carnitine esters. Upon mitochondrial beta-oxidation, shortened acyl-carnitine metabolites were then produced and released from mitochondria. In addition, we show that hepatocytes ultimately also secreted these shortened acyl chains into their surroundings. Furthermore, when mitochondrial beta-oxidation was hindered, we show that peroxisomal beta-oxidation likely acts as a salvage pathway, thereby maintaining the levels of shortened fatty acid secretion. Taken together, we conclude that this new method based on oxaalkyne and alkyne fatty acids allows for metabolic tracing of the beta-oxidation pathway in tissue lysate and in living cells with unique coverage of metabolic intermediates and at unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kuerschner
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Philipp Leyendecker
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristina Klizaite
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Fiedler
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Saam
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
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14
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Abegaz F, Martines ACMF, Vieira-Lara MA, Rios-Morales M, Reijngoud DJ, Wit EC, Bakker BM. Bistability in fatty-acid oxidation resulting from substrate inhibition. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009259. [PMID: 34383741 PMCID: PMC8396765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we demonstrated through analytic considerations and numerical studies that the mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation can exhibit bistable-hysteresis behavior. In an experimentally validated computational model we identified a specific region in the parameter space in which two distinct stable and one unstable steady state could be attained with different fluxes. The two stable states were referred to as low-flux (disease) and high-flux (healthy) state. By a modular kinetic approach we traced the origin and causes of the bistability back to the distributive kinetics and the conservation of CoA, in particular in the last rounds of the β-oxidation. We then extended the model to investigate various interventions that may confer health benefits by activating the pathway, including (i) activation of the last enzyme MCKAT via its endogenous regulator p46-SHC protein, (ii) addition of a thioesterase (an acyl-CoA hydrolysing enzyme) as a safety valve, and (iii) concomitant activation of a number of upstream and downstream enzymes by short-chain fatty-acids (SCFA), metabolites that are produced from nutritional fibers in the gut. A high concentration of SCFAs, thioesterase activity, and inhibition of the p46Shc protein led to a disappearance of the bistability, leaving only the high-flux state. A better understanding of the switch behavior of the mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation process between a low- and a high-flux state may lead to dietary and pharmacological intervention in the treatment or prevention of obesity and or non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fentaw Abegaz
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Statistics and Probability Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Claire M. F. Martines
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A. Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melany Rios-Morales
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst C. Wit
- Statistics and Probability Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Barbara M. Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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15
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Ranea-Robles P, Violante S, Argmann C, Dodatko T, Bhattacharya D, Chen H, Yu C, Friedman SL, Puchowicz M, Houten SM. Murine deficiency of peroxisomal L-bifunctional protein (EHHADH) causes medium-chain 3-hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria and perturbs hepatic cholesterol homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5631-5646. [PMID: 34110423 PMCID: PMC8263512 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes play an essential role in the β-oxidation of dicarboxylic acids (DCAs), which are metabolites formed upon ω-oxidation of fatty acids. Genetic evidence linking transporters and enzymes to specific DCA β-oxidation steps is generally lacking. Moreover, the physiological functions of DCA metabolism remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to characterize the DCA β-oxidation pathway in human cells, and to evaluate the biological role of DCA metabolism using mice deficient in the peroxisomal L-bifunctional protein (Ehhadh KO mice). In vitro experiments using HEK-293 KO cell lines demonstrate that ABCD3 and ACOX1 are essential in DCA β-oxidation, whereas both the bifunctional proteins (EHHADH and HSD17B4) and the thiolases (ACAA1 and SCPx) have overlapping functions and their contribution may depend on expression level. We also show that medium-chain 3-hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria is a prominent feature of EHHADH deficiency in mice most notably upon inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Using stable isotope tracing methodology, we confirmed that products of peroxisomal DCA β-oxidation can be transported to mitochondria for further metabolism. Finally, we show that, in liver, Ehhadh KO mice have increased mRNA and protein expression of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes with decreased (in females) or similar (in males) rate of cholesterol synthesis. We conclude that EHHADH plays an essential role in the metabolism of medium-chain DCAs and postulate that peroxisomal DCA β-oxidation is a regulator of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sara Violante
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- The Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tetyana Dodatko
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dipankar Bhattacharya
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Genomics, Inc, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Chunli Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Genomics, Inc, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michelle Puchowicz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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16
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Rao S, Heynderickx PM. Conditions for the validity of Michaelis-Menten approximation of some complex enzyme kinetic mechanisms. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Lin PY, Liang WC, Liao WA, Sun YT. Exacerbation of myopathy triggered by antiobesity drugs in a patient with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:93. [PMID: 33639866 PMCID: PMC7912885 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a treatable lipid metabolism disorder that presents as myopathy and episodic metabolic crisis. The metabolic crisis is typically associated with prolonged fasting or physical stress; however, the mechanism of metabolic crisis is not yet fully understood. Case presentation A 28-year-old Taiwanese woman presented with dyspnoea, poor appetite, and muscle weakness after using antiobesity drugs, including metformin, triiodothyronine, and topiramate. MADD was diagnosed, and her symptoms rapidly improved after treatment with riboflavin, carnitine, and ubiquinone. To date, antiobesity drugs have not been reported to be a provoking factor in fatty acid oxidation disorder. Conclusions The increase of β-oxidation activity due to antiobesity drugs supports the hypothetical substrate competition model for MADD metabolic crisis. Because the drugs our patient used are commonly prescribed, we report this case to increase the vigilance and proactivity of clinicians in recognising this treatable adult-onset myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Liao
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Sun
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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18
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Lund M, Andersen KG, Heaton R, Hargreaves IP, Gregersen N, Olsen RKJ. Bezafibrate activation of PPAR drives disturbances in mitochondrial redox bioenergetics and decreases the viability of cells from patients with VLCAD deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166100. [PMID: 33549744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is the most common inborn long-chain fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorder. VLCAD deficiency is characterized by distinct phenotypes. The severe phenotypes are potentially life-threatening and affect the heart or liver, with a comparatively milder phenotype characterized by myopathic symptoms. There is an unmet clinical need for effective treatment options for the myopathic phenotype. The molecular mechanisms driving the gradual decrease in mitochondrial function and associated alterations of muscle fibers are unclear. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan-agonist bezafibrate is a potent modulator of FAO and multiple other mitochondrial functions and has been proposed as a potential medication for myopathic cases of long-chain FAO disorders. In vitro experiments have demonstrated the ability of bezafibrate to increase VLCAD expression and activity. However, the outcome of small-scale clinical trials has been controversial. We found VLCAD deficient patient fibroblasts to have an increased oxidative stress burden and deranged mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity, compared to controls. Applying heat stress under fasting conditions to bezafibrate pretreated patient cells, caused a marked further increase of mitochondrial superoxide levels. Patient cells failed to maintain levels of the essential thiol peptide antioxidant glutathione and experienced a decrease in cellular viability. Our findings indicate that chronic PPAR activation is a plausible initiator of long-term pathogenesis in VLCAD deficiency. Our findings further implicate disruption of redox homeostasis as a key pathogenic mechanism in VLCAD deficiency and support the notion that a deranged thiol metabolism might be an important pathogenic factor in VLCAD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lund
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juel-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kathrine G Andersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juel-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robert Heaton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juel-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke K J Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juel-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
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19
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Kalra S, Unnikrishnan AG, Baruah MP, Sahay R, Bantwal G. Metabolic and Energy Imbalance in Dysglycemia-Based Chronic Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:165-184. [PMID: 33488105 PMCID: PMC7816219 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s286888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is the ability to efficiently adapt metabolism based on nutrient availability and requirement that is essential to maintain homeostasis in times of either caloric excess or restriction and during the energy-demanding state. This regulation is orchestrated in multiple organ systems by the alliance of numerous metabolic pathways under the master control of the insulin-glucagon-sympathetic neuro-endocrine axis. This, in turn, regulates key metabolic enzymes and transcription factors, many of which interact closely with and culminate in the mitochondrial energy generation machinery. Metabolic flexibility is compromised due to the continuous mismatch between availability and intake of calorie-dense foods and reduced metabolic demand due to sedentary lifestyle and age-related metabolic slowdown. The resultant nutrient overload leads to mitochondrial trafficking of substrates manifesting as mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by ineffective substrate switching and incomplete substrate utilization. At the systemic level, the manifestation of metabolic inflexibility comprises reduced skeletal muscle glucose disposal rate, impaired suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis and adipose tissue lipolysis manifesting as insulin resistance. This is compounded by impaired β-cell function and progressively reduced β-cell mass. A consequence of insulin resistance is the upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway leading to a pro-hypertensive, atherogenic, and thrombogenic environment. This is further aggravated by oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and inflammation, which potentiates the risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications. This review aims to elucidate underlying mechanisms mediating the onset of metabolic inflexibility operating at the main target organs and to understand the progression of metabolic diseases. This could potentially translate into a pharmacological tool that can manage multiple interlinked conditions of dysglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia by restoring metabolic flexibility. We discuss the breadth and depth of metabolic flexibility and its impact on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Manash P Baruah
- Department of Endocrinology, Excel Hospitals, Guwahati, India
| | - Rakesh Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ganapathi Bantwal
- Department of Endocrinology, St. John’s Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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20
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Hofmeyr JHS. Kinetic modelling of compartmentalised reaction networks. Biosystems 2020; 197:104203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Truong NTT, Lydic TA, Bazil JN, Suryadevara A, Olson LK. Regulation of lipid metabolism in pancreatic beta cells by interferon gamma: A link to anti-viral function. Cytokine 2020; 133:155147. [PMID: 32492632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) have been shown to alter lipid metabolism in immune and some non-hematopoietic cells and this affects host cell response to pathogens. In type 1 diabetes, IFNγ acts as a proinflammatory cytokine that, along with other cytokines, is released during pancreatic beta cell autoinflammation and contributes to immune response and beta cell dysfunction. The hypothesis tested herein is that IFN modifies beta cell lipid metabolism and this is associated with enhanced anti-viral response and beta cell stress. Treatment of INS-1 cells with IFNγ for 6 to 24 h led to a dynamic change in TAG and lipid droplet (LD) levels, with a decrease at 6 h and an increase at 24 h. The later accumulation of TAG was associated with increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Gene expression results suggested that IFNγ regulates lipolytic, lipogenic, LD and FAO genes in a temporal manner. The changes in lipid gene expression are dependent on the classical Janus kinase (JAK) pathway. Pretreatment with IFNγ robustly enhanced anti-viral gene expression induced by the viral mimetic polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (PIC), and this potentiating effect of IFNγ was markedly attenuated by inhibitors of DNL. The IFNγ-induced accumulation of lipid, however, was insufficient to cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These studies demonstrated a non-canonical effect of IFNγ in regulation of pancreatic beta cell lipid metabolism that is intimately linked with host cell defense and might alter cellular function early in the progression to type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T T Truong
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Mass Spectrometry Core (MMD-CMSC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Abhijeet Suryadevara
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - L Karl Olson
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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22
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Bekeova C, Anderson-Pullinger L, Boye K, Boos F, Sharpadskaya Y, Herrmann JM, Seifert EL. Multiple mitochondrial thioesterases have distinct tissue and substrate specificity and CoA regulation, suggesting unique functional roles. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19034-19047. [PMID: 31676684 PMCID: PMC6916504 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA thioesterases (Acots) hydrolyze fatty acyl-CoA esters. Acots in the mitochondrial matrix are poised to mitigate β-oxidation overload and maintain CoA availability. Several Acots associate with mitochondria, but whether they all localize to the matrix, are redundant, or have different roles is unresolved. Here, we compared the suborganellar localization, activity, expression, and regulation among mitochondrial Acots (Acot2, -7, -9, and -13) in mitochondria from multiple mouse tissues and from a model of Acot2 depletion. Acot7, -9, and -13 localized to the matrix, joining Acot2 that was previously shown to localize there. Mitochondria from heart, skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue, and kidney robustly expressed Acot2, -9, and -13; Acot9 levels were substantially higher in brown adipose tissue and kidney mitochondria, as was activity for C4:0-CoA, a unique Acot9 substrate. In all tissues, Acot2 accounted for about half of the thioesterase activity for C14:0-CoA and C16:0-CoA. In contrast, liver mitochondria from fed and fasted mice expressed little Acot activity, which was confined to long-chain CoAs and due mainly to Acot7 and Acot13 activities. Matrix Acots occupied different functional niches, based on substrate specificity (Acot9 versus Acot2 and -13) and strong CoA inhibition (Acot7, -9, and -13, but not Acot2). Interpreted in the context of β-oxidation, CoA inhibition would prevent Acot-mediated suppression of β-oxidation, while providing a release valve when CoA is limiting. In contrast, CoA-insensitive Acot2 could provide a constitutive siphon for long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs. These results reveal how the family of matrix Acots can mitigate β-oxidation overload and prevent CoA limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bekeova
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Lauren Anderson-Pullinger
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Kevin Boye
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Felix Boos
- Division of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yana Sharpadskaya
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Johannes M Herrmann
- Division of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Erin L Seifert
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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Nilsson A, Björnson E, Flockhart M, Larsen FJ, Nielsen J. Complex I is bypassed during high intensity exercise. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5072. [PMID: 31699973 PMCID: PMC6838197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human muscles are tailored towards ATP synthesis. When exercising at high work rates muscles convert glucose to lactate, which is less nutrient efficient than respiration. There is hence a trade-off between endurance and power. Metabolic models have been developed to study how limited catalytic capacity of enzymes affects ATP synthesis. Here we integrate an enzyme-constrained metabolic model with proteomics data from muscle fibers. We find that ATP synthesis is constrained by several enzymes. A metabolic bypass of mitochondrial complex I is found to increase the ATP synthesis rate per gram of protein compared to full respiration. To test if this metabolic mode occurs in vivo, we conduct a high resolved incremental exercise tests for five subjects. Their gas exchange at different work rates is accurately reproduced by a whole-body metabolic model incorporating complex I bypass. The study therefore shows how proteome allocation influences metabolism during high intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avlant Nilsson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE41296, Sweden
| | - Elias Björnson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE41296, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Flockhart
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE41296, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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24
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Transcriptome analysis suggests a compensatory role of the cofactors coenzyme A and NAD + in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase knockout mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14539. [PMID: 31601874 PMCID: PMC6787083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During fasting, mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation (mFAO) is essential for the generation of glucose by the liver. Children with a loss-of-function deficiency in the mFAO enzyme medium-chain acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) are at serious risk of life-threatening low blood glucose levels during fasting in combination with intercurrent disease. However, a subset of these children remains asymptomatic throughout life. In MCAD-deficient (MCAD-KO) mice, glucose levels are similar to those of wild-type (WT) mice, even during fasting. We investigated if metabolic adaptations in the liver may underlie the robustness of this KO mouse. WT and KO mice were given a high- or low-fat diet and subsequently fasted. We analyzed histology, mitochondrial function, targeted mitochondrial proteomics, and transcriptome in liver tissue. Loss of MCAD led to a decreased capacity to oxidize octanoyl-CoA. This was not compensated for by altered protein levels of the short- and long-chain isoenzymes SCAD and LCAD. In the transcriptome, we identified subtle adaptations in the expression of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing CoA- and NAD(P)(H)-involving reactions and of genes involved in detoxification mechanisms. We discuss how these processes may contribute to robustness in MCAD-KO mice and potentially also in asymptomatic human subjects with a complete loss of MCAD activity.
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25
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Matejka K, Stückler F, Salomon M, Ensenauer R, Reischl E, Hoerburger L, Grallert H, Kastenmüller G, Peters A, Daniel H, Krumsiek J, Theis FJ, Hauner H, Laumen H. Dynamic modelling of an ACADS genotype in fatty acid oxidation - Application of cellular models for the analysis of common genetic variants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216110. [PMID: 31120904 PMCID: PMC6532850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies of common diseases or metabolite quantitative traits often identify common variants of small effect size, which may contribute to phenotypes by modulation of gene expression. Thus, there is growing demand for cellular models enabling to assess the impact of gene regulatory variants with moderate effects on gene expression. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is an important energy metabolism pathway. Common noncoding acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain (ACADS) gene variants are associated with plasma C4-acylcarnitine levels and allele-specific modulation of ACADS expression may contribute to the observed phenotype. Methods and findings We assessed ACADS expression and intracellular acylcarnitine levels in human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) genotyped for a common ACADS variant associated with plasma C4-acylcarnitine and found a significant genotype-dependent decrease of ACADS mRNA and protein. Next, we modelled gradual decrease of ACADS expression using a tetracycline-regulated shRNA-knockdown of ACADS in Huh7 hepatocytes, a cell line with high fatty acid oxidation-(FAO)-capacity. Assessing acylcarnitine flux in both models, we found increased C4-acylcarnitine levels with decreased ACADS expression levels. Moreover, assessing time-dependent changes of acylcarnitine levels in shRNA-hepatocytes with altered ACADS expression levels revealed an unexpected effect on long- and medium-chain fatty acid intermediates. Conclusions Both, genotyped LCL and regulated shRNA-knockdown are valuable tools to model moderate, gradual gene-regulatory effects of common variants on cellular phenotypes. Decreasing ACADS expression levels modulate short and surprisingly also long/medium chain acylcarnitines, and may contribute to increased plasma acylcarnitine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Matejka
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Stückler
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Regina Ensenauer
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- Experimental Pediatrics and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva Reischl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lena Hoerburger
- Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK-Munich partner site), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Chair of Physiology of Human Nutrition, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematical Science, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
- * E-mail: (FJT); (HL)
| | - Hans Hauner
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Helmut Laumen
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (FJT); (HL)
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26
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Makwana K, Gosai N, Poe A, Kondratov RV. Calorie restriction reprograms diurnal rhythms in protein translation to regulate metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 33:4473-4489. [PMID: 30566374 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802167r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) delays aging and affects the circadian clocks by reprogramming circadian rhythms in gene expression. To expand on the circadian mechanisms in CR, we assayed rhythms in the protein translation by analyzing polysome-associated mRNAs in the liver of mice fed ad libitum (AL) and CR diets. Global comparison of the diets revealed that <1% of transcripts were differentially abundant in the polysomes. In contrast, the large differential, up to 10%, was detected when CR and AL diets were compared at individual times throughout the day. Most transcripts that were rhythmic under AL lost their rhythms, and many new transcripts gained rhythms under CR. Only a small fraction of transcripts, including the circadian clock genes, were rhythmic under both diets. Thus, CR strongly reprograms translation. CR affected translation of enzymes regulating long-chain acetyl-coenzyme A (Acyl-CoA) metabolism. The expression of the Acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family was induced upon CR, leading to the increased transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, the transcriptional factor regulated by the ACOT products. We propose that the differential translation induced by CR leads to a temporal partition and reprogramming of metabolic processes and provides a link between CR, lipid metabolism, and the circadian clock.-Makwana, K., Gosai, N., Poe, A., Kondratov, R. V. Calorie restriction reprograms diurnal rhythms in protein translation to regulate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Makwana
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Neha Gosai
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Allan Poe
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Roman V Kondratov
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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27
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Sinha N, Suarez-Diez M, Hooiveld GJEJ, Keijer J, Martin Dos Santos V, van Schothorst EM. A Constraint-Based Model Analysis of Enterocyte Mitochondrial Adaptation to Dietary Interventions of Lipid Type and Lipid Load. Front Physiol 2018; 9:749. [PMID: 29962969 PMCID: PMC6013923 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling of mitochondrial adaptability and flexibility in the small intestine upon different nutritional exposures will provide insights that will help to define healthy diet interventions. Therefore, a murine enterocyte-specific mitochondrial constraint-based metabolic model (named MT_mmuENT127) was constructed and used to simulate mitochondrial behavior under different dietary conditions, representing various levels and composition of nutrients absorbed by the enterocytes in mice, primarily focusing on metabolic pathways. Our simulations predicted that increasing the fraction of marine fatty acids in the diet, or increasing the dietary lipid/carbohydrate ratio resulted in (i) an increase in mitochondrial fatty acid beta oxidation, and (ii) changes in only a limited subset of mitochondrial reactions, which appeared to be independent of gene expression regulation. Moreover, transcript levels of mitochondrial proteins suggested unaltered fusion–fission dynamics by an increased lipid/carbohydrates ratio or by increased fractions of marine fatty acids. In conclusion, our enterocytic mitochondrial constraint-based model was shown to be a suitable platform to investigate effects of dietary interventions on mitochondrial adaptation and provided novel and deeper insights in mitochondrial metabolism and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sinha
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Vitor Martin Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Differential metabolic effects of oral butyrate treatment in lean versus metabolic syndrome subjects. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2018; 9:155. [PMID: 29799027 PMCID: PMC5968024 DOI: 10.1038/s41424-018-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been associated with beneficial metabolic effects. However, the direct effect of oral butyrate on metabolic parameters in humans has never been studied. In this first in men pilot study, we thus treated both lean and metabolic syndrome male subjects with oral sodium butyrate and investigated the effect on metabolism. Methods Healthy lean males (n = 9) and metabolic syndrome males (n = 10) were treated with oral 4 g of sodium butyrate daily for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, insulin sensitivity was determined by a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp using [6,6-2H2]-glucose. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) uptake of glucose was visualized using 18F-FDG PET-CT. Fecal SCFA and bile acid concentrations as well as microbiota composition were determined before and after treatment. Results Oral butyrate had no effect on plasma and fecal butyrate levels after treatment, but did alter other SCFAs in both plasma and feces. Moreover, only in healthy lean subjects a significant improvement was observed in both peripheral (median Rd: from 71 to 82 µmol/kg min, p < 0.05) and hepatic insulin sensitivity (EGP suppression from 75 to 82% p < 0.05). Although BAT activity was significantly higher at baseline in lean (SUVmax: 12.4 ± 1.8) compared with metabolic syndrome subjects (SUVmax: 0.3 ± 0.8, p < 0.01), no significant effect following butyrate treatment on BAT was observed in either group (SUVmax lean to 13.3 ± 2.4 versus metabolic syndrome subjects to 1.2 ± 4.1). Conclusions Oral butyrate treatment beneficially affects glucose metabolism in lean but not metabolic syndrome subjects, presumably due to an altered SCFA handling in insulin-resistant subjects. Although preliminary, these first in men findings argue against oral butyrate supplementation as treatment for glucose regulation in human subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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29
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Reijngoud DJ. Flux analysis of inborn errors of metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:309-328. [PMID: 29318410 PMCID: PMC5959979 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with an inborn error of metabolism (IEM) are deficient of an enzyme involved in metabolism, and as a consequence metabolism reprograms itself to reach a new steady state. This new steady state underlies the clinical phenotype associated with the deficiency. Hence, we need to know the flux of metabolites through the different metabolic pathways in this new steady state of the reprogrammed metabolism. Stable isotope technology is best suited to study this. In this review the progress made in characterizing the altered metabolism will be presented. Studies done in patients to estimate the residual flux through the metabolic pathway affected by enzyme deficiencies will be discussed. After this, studies done in model systems will be reviewed. The focus will be on glycogen storage disease type I, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, propionic and methylmalonic aciduria, urea cycle defects, phenylketonuria, and combined D,L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Finally, new developments are discussed, which allow the tracing of metabolic reprogramming in IEM on a genome-wide scale. In conclusion, the outlook for flux analysis of metabolic derangement in IEMs looks promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-J Reijngoud
- Section of Systems Medicine and Metabolic Signaling, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Center of Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- European Research Institute of the Biology of Ageing, Internal ZIP code EA12, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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30
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Christ B, Dahmen U, Herrmann KH, König M, Reichenbach JR, Ricken T, Schleicher J, Ole Schwen L, Vlaic S, Waschinsky N. Computational Modeling in Liver Surgery. Front Physiol 2017; 8:906. [PMID: 29249974 PMCID: PMC5715340 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for extended liver resection is increasing due to the growing incidence of liver tumors in aging societies. Individualized surgical planning is the key for identifying the optimal resection strategy and to minimize the risk of postoperative liver failure and tumor recurrence. Current computational tools provide virtual planning of liver resection by taking into account the spatial relationship between the tumor and the hepatic vascular trees, as well as the size of the future liver remnant. However, size and function of the liver are not necessarily equivalent. Hence, determining the future liver volume might misestimate the future liver function, especially in cases of hepatic comorbidities such as hepatic steatosis. A systems medicine approach could be applied, including biological, medical, and surgical aspects, by integrating all available anatomical and functional information of the individual patient. Such an approach holds promise for better prediction of postoperative liver function and hence improved risk assessment. This review provides an overview of mathematical models related to the liver and its function and explores their potential relevance for computational liver surgery. We first summarize key facts of hepatic anatomy, physiology, and pathology relevant for hepatic surgery, followed by a description of the computational tools currently used in liver surgical planning. Then we present selected state-of-the-art computational liver models potentially useful to support liver surgery. Finally, we discuss the main challenges that will need to be addressed when developing advanced computational planning tools in the context of liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Christ
- Molecular Hepatology Lab, Clinics of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Herrmann
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tim Ricken
- Mechanics, Structural Analysis, and Dynamics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jana Schleicher
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Vlaic
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Navina Waschinsky
- Mechanics, Structural Analysis, and Dynamics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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31
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Mitochondrial form, function and signalling in aging. Biochem J 2017; 473:3421-3449. [PMID: 27729586 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is often accompanied by a decline in mitochondrial mass and function in different tissues. Additionally, cell resistance to stress is frequently found to be prevented by higher mitochondrial respiratory capacity. These correlations strongly suggest mitochondria are key players in aging and senescence, acting by regulating energy homeostasis, redox balance and signalling pathways central in these processes. However, mitochondria display a wide array of functions and signalling properties, and the roles of these different characteristics are still widely unexplored. Furthermore, differences in mitochondrial properties and responses between tissues and cell types, and how these affect whole body metabolism are also still poorly understood. This review uncovers aspects of mitochondrial biology that have an impact upon aging in model organisms and selected mammalian cells and tissues.
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32
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Cortassa S, Sollott SJ, Aon MA. Mitochondrial respiration and ROS emission during β-oxidation in the heart: An experimental-computational study. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005588. [PMID: 28598967 PMCID: PMC5482492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are main fuels for cellular energy and mitochondria their major oxidation site. Yet unknown is to what extent the fuel role of lipids is influenced by their uncoupling effects, and how this affects mitochondrial energetics, redox balance and the emission of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Employing a combined experimental-computational approach, we comparatively analyze β-oxidation of palmitoyl CoA (PCoA) in isolated heart mitochondria from Sham and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic (T1DM) guinea pigs (GPs). Parallel high throughput measurements of the rates of oxygen consumption (VO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission as a function of PCoA concentration, in the presence of L-carnitine and malate, were performed. We found that PCoA concentration < 200 nmol/mg mito protein resulted in low H2O2 emission flux, increasing thereafter in Sham and T1DM GPs under both states 4 and 3 respiration with diabetic mitochondria releasing higher amounts of ROS. Respiratory uncoupling and ROS excess occurred at PCoA > 600 nmol/mg mito prot, in both control and diabetic animals. Also, for the first time, we show that an integrated two compartment mitochondrial model of β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids and main energy-redox processes is able to simulate the relationship between VO2 and H2O2 emission as a function of lipid concentration. Model and experimental results indicate that PCoA oxidation and its concentration-dependent uncoupling effect, together with a partial lipid-dependent decrease in the rate of superoxide generation, modulate H2O2 emission as a function of VO2. Results indicate that keeping low levels of intracellular lipid is crucial for mitochondria and cells to maintain ROS within physiological levels compatible with signaling and reliable energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Sollott
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Miguel A. Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Ghosh S, Forney LA, Wanders D, Stone KP, Gettys TW. An integrative analysis of tissue-specific transcriptomic and metabolomic responses to short-term dietary methionine restriction in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177513. [PMID: 28520765 PMCID: PMC5433721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) produces a coordinated series of transcriptional responses in peripheral tissues that limit fat accretion, remodel lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue, and improve overall insulin sensitivity. Hepatic sensing of reduced methionine leads to induction and release of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which acts centrally to increase sympathetic tone and activate thermogenesis in adipose tissue. FGF21 also has direct effects in adipose to enhance glucose uptake and oxidation. However, an understanding of how the liver senses and translates reduced dietary methionine into these transcriptional programs remains elusive. A comprehensive systems biology approach integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic readouts in MR-treated mice confirmed that three interconnected mechanisms (fatty acid transport and oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) were activated in MR-treated inguinal adipose tissue. In contrast, the effects of MR in liver involved up-regulation of anti-oxidant responses driven by the nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 transcription factor, NFE2L2. Metabolomic analysis provided evidence for redox imbalance, stemming from large reductions in the master anti-oxidant molecule glutathione coupled with disproportionate increases in ophthalmate and its precursors, glutamate and 2-aminobutyrate. Thus, cysteine and its downstream product, glutathione, emerge as key early hepatic signaling molecules linking dietary MR to its metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
- Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Laura A. Forney
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kirsten P. Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
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34
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Martines ACMF, van Eunen K, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM. The promiscuous enzyme medium-chain 3-keto-acyl-CoA thiolase triggers a vicious cycle in fatty-acid beta-oxidation. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005461. [PMID: 28369071 PMCID: PMC5397069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty-acid beta-oxidation (mFAO) plays a central role in mammalian energy metabolism. Multiple severe diseases are associated with defects in this pathway. Its kinetic structure is characterized by a complex wiring of which the functional implications have hardly been explored. Repetitive cycles of reversible reactions, each cycle shortening the fatty acid by two carbon atoms, evoke competition between intermediates of different chain lengths for a common set of 'promiscuous' enzymes (enzymes with activity towards multiple substrates). In our validated kinetic model of the pathway, substrate overload causes a steep and detrimental flux decline. Here, we unravel the underlying mechanism and the role of enzyme promiscuity in it. Comparison of alternative model versions elucidated the role of promiscuity of individual enzymes. Promiscuity of the last enzyme of the pathway, medium-chain ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (MCKAT), was both necessary and sufficient to elicit the flux decline. Subsequently, Metabolic Control Analysis revealed that MCKAT had insufficient capacity to cope with high substrate influx. Next, we quantified the internal metabolic regulation, revealing a vicious cycle around MCKAT. Upon substrate overload, MCKAT's ketoacyl-CoA substrates started to accumulate. The unfavourable equilibrium constant of the preceding enzyme, medium/short-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, worked as an amplifier, leading to accumulation of upstream CoA esters, including acyl-CoA esters. These acyl-CoA esters are at the same time products of MCKAT and inhibited its already low activity further. Finally, the accumulation of CoA esters led to a sequestration of free CoA. CoA being a cofactor for MCKAT, its sequestration limited the MCKAT activity even further, thus completing the vicious cycle. Since CoA is also a substrate for distant enzymes, it efficiently communicated the 'traffic jam' at MCKAT to the entire pathway. This novel mechanism provides a basis to explore the role of mFAO in disease and elucidate similar principles in other pathways of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire M. F. Martines
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karen van Eunen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M. Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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35
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van Eunen K, Volker-Touw CML, Gerding A, Bleeker A, Wolters JC, van Rijt WJ, Martines ACMF, Niezen-Koning KE, Heiner RM, Permentier H, Groen AK, Reijngoud DJ, Derks TGJ, Bakker BM. Living on the edge: substrate competition explains loss of robustness in mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation disorders. BMC Biol 2016; 14:107. [PMID: 27927213 PMCID: PMC5142382 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Defects in genes involved in mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation (mFAO) reduce the ability of patients to cope with metabolic challenges. mFAO enzymes accept multiple substrates of different chain length, leading to molecular competition among the substrates. Here, we combined computational modeling with quantitative mouse and patient data to investigate whether substrate competition affects pathway robustness in mFAO disorders. Results First, we used comprehensive biochemical analyses of wild-type mice and mice deficient for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) to parameterize a detailed computational model of mFAO. Model simulations predicted that MCAD deficiency would have no effect on the pathway flux at low concentrations of the mFAO substrate palmitoyl-CoA. However, high concentrations of palmitoyl-CoA would induce a decline in flux and an accumulation of intermediate metabolites. We proved computationally that the predicted overload behavior was due to substrate competition in the pathway. Second, to study the clinical relevance of this mechanism, we used patients’ metabolite profiles and generated a humanized version of the computational model. While molecular competition did not affect the plasma metabolite profiles during MCAD deficiency, it was a key factor in explaining the characteristic acylcarnitine profiles of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient patients. The patient-specific computational models allowed us to predict the severity of the disease phenotype, providing a proof of principle for the systems medicine approach. Conclusion We conclude that substrate competition is at the basis of the physiology seen in patients with mFAO disorders, a finding that may explain why these patients run a risk of a life-threatening metabolic catastrophe. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0327-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen van Eunen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Top Institute for Food and Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 7609 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina M L Volker-Touw
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aycha Bleeker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Top Institute for Food and Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 7609 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Analytical Biochemistry and Interfaculty Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn J van Rijt
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Claire M F Martines
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klary E Niezen-Koning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca M Heiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar Permentier
- Analytical Biochemistry and Interfaculty Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Top Institute for Food and Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 7609 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Systems Biology Center for Energy Metabolism and Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Systems Biology Center for Energy Metabolism and Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry G J Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Systems Biology Center for Energy Metabolism and Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,, PO Box 196, Internal ZIP code EA12, NL-9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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36
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Schützhold V, Hahn J, Tummler K, Klipp E. Computational Modeling of Lipid Metabolism in Yeast. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:57. [PMID: 27730126 PMCID: PMC5037213 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is essential for all major cell functions and has recently gained increasing attention in research and health studies. However, mathematical modeling by means of classical approaches such as stoichiometric networks and ordinary differential equation systems has not yet provided satisfactory insights, due to the complexity of lipid metabolism characterized by many different species with only slight differences and by promiscuous multifunctional enzymes. Here, we present an object-oriented stochastic model approach as a way to cope with the complex lipid metabolic network. While all lipid species are treated objects in the model, they can be modified by the respective converting reactions based on reaction rules, a hybrid method that integrates benefits of agent-based and classical stochastic simulation. This approach allows to follow the dynamics of all lipid species with different fatty acids, different degrees of saturation and different headgroups over time and to analyze the effect of parameter changes, potential mutations in the catalyzing enzymes or provision of different precursors. Applied to yeast metabolism during one cell cycle period, we could analyze the distribution of all lipids to the various membranes in time-dependent manner. The presented approach allows to efficiently treat the complexity of cellular lipid metabolism and to derive conclusions on the time- and location-dependent distributions of lipid species and their properties such as saturation. It is widely applicable, easily extendable and will provide further insights in healthy and diseased states of cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edda Klipp
- Theoretical Biophysics, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin, Germany
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37
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Ojuka E, Andrew B, Bezuidenhout N, George S, Maarman G, Madlala HP, Mendham A, Osiki PO. Measurement of β-oxidation capacity of biological samples by respirometry: a review of principles and substrates. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E715-23. [PMID: 26908505 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00475.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of fatty acids is a major source of energy in the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. It can be measured accurately using respirometry in isolated mitochondria, intact cells, and permeabilized cells or tissues. This technique directly measures the rate of oxygen consumption or flux at various respiratory states when appropriate substrates, uncouplers, and inhibitors are used. Acylcarnitines such as palmitoylcarnitine or octanoylcarnitine are the commonly used substrates. The β-oxidation pathway is prone to feedforward inhibition resulting from accumulation of short-chain acyl-CoA and depletion of CoA, but inclusion of malate or carnitine prevents accumulation of these intermediaries and CoA depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ojuka
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brittany Andrew
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bezuidenhout
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Siddiqah George
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerald Maarman
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hlengiwe P Madlala
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amy Mendham
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Prisca Ofure Osiki
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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38
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Kärst S, Arends D, Heise S, Trost J, Yaspo ML, Amstislavskiy V, Risch T, Lehrach H, Brockmann GA. The direction of cross affects [corrected] obesity after puberty in male but not female offspring. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:904. [PMID: 26546267 PMCID: PMC4636810 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated parent-of-origin and allele-specific expression effects on obesity and hepatic gene expression in reciprocal crosses between the Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line (BFMI) and C57Bl/6NCrl (B6N). RESULTS We found that F1-males with a BFMI mother developed 1.8 times more fat mass on a high fat diet at 10 weeks than F1-males of a BFMI father. The phenotype was detectable from six weeks on and was preserved after cross-fostering. RNA-seq data of liver provided evidence for higher biosynthesis and elongation of fatty acids (p = 0.00635) in obese male offspring of a BFMI mother versus lean offspring of a BFMI father. Furthermore, fatty acid degradation (p = 0.00198) and the peroxisome pathway were impaired (p = 0.00094). The circadian rhythm was affected as well (p = 0.00087). Among the highest up-regulated protein coding genes in obese males were Acot4 (1.82 fold, p = 0.022), Cyp4a10 (1.35 fold, p = 0.026) and Cyp4a14 (1.32 fold, p = 0.012), which hydroxylize fatty acids and which are known to be increased in liver steatosis. Obese males showed lower expression of the genetically imprinted and paternally expressed 3 (Peg3) gene (0.31 fold, p = 0.046) and higher expression of the androgen receptor (Ar) gene (2.38 fold, p = 0.068). Allelic imbalance was found for expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter gene Abca8b. Several of the differentially expressed genes contain estrogen response elements. CONCLUSIONS Parent-of-origin effects during gametogenesis and/or fetal development in an obese mother epigenetically modify the transcription of genes that lead to enhanced fatty acid synthesis and impair β-oxidation in the liver of male, but not female F1 offspring. Down-regulation of Peg3 could contribute to trigger this metabolic setting. At puberty, higher amounts of the androgen receptor and altered access to estrogen response elements in affected genes are likely responsible for male specific expression of genes that were epigenetically triggered. A suggestive lack of estrogen binding motifs was found for highly down-regulated genes in adult hepatocytes of obese F1 males (p = 0.074).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kärst
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danny Arends
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heise
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Trost
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Yaspo
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Gene Regulation and Systems Biology of Cancer, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vyacheslav Amstislavskiy
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Gene Regulation and Systems Biology of Cancer, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Risch
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Gene Regulation and Systems Biology of Cancer, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Lehrach
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Gene Regulation and Systems Biology of Cancer, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Houten SM, Violante S, Ventura FV, Wanders RJA. The Biochemistry and Physiology of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Its Genetic Disorders. Annu Rev Physiol 2015; 78:23-44. [PMID: 26474213 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is the major pathway for the degradation of fatty acids and is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis in the human body. Fatty acids are a crucial energy source in the postabsorptive and fasted states when glucose supply is limiting. But even when glucose is abundantly available, FAO is a main energy source for the heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney. A series of enzymes, transporters, and other facilitating proteins are involved in FAO. Recessively inherited defects are known for most of the genes encoding these proteins. The clinical presentation of these disorders may include hypoketotic hypoglycemia, (cardio)myopathy, arrhythmia, and rhabdomyolysis and illustrates the importance of FAO during fasting and in hepatic and (cardio)muscular function. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge on the biochemistry and physiological functions of FAO and discuss the pathophysiological processes associated with FAO disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; ,
| | - Sara Violante
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; ,
| | - Fatima V Ventura
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, iMed.ULisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; .,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; .,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Haanstra JR, Bakker BM. Drug target identification through systems biology. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2015; 15:17-22. [PMID: 26464086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To rationalise drug target selection, we should understand the role of putative targets in biological pathways quantitatively. We review here how experimental and computational network-based approaches can aid more rational drug target selection and illustrate this with results obtained for microbes and for cancer. Comparison of the drug response of biochemical networks in target cells and (healthy) host cells can reveal network-selective targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen R Haanstra
- Department of Pediatrics and Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics and Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Hafizi Abu Bakar M, Kian Kai C, Wan Hassan WN, Sarmidi MR, Yaakob H, Zaman Huri H. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a central event for mechanisms underlying insulin resistance: the roles of long chain fatty acids. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:453-75. [PMID: 25139820 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characterized by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress prior to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, a number of mechanisms have been proposed to link these syndromes together, but it remains unclear what the unifying condition that triggered these events in the progression of this metabolic disease. There have been a steady accumulation of data in numerous experimental studies showing the strong correlations between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. In addition, a growing number of studies suggest that the raised plasma free fatty acid level induced insulin resistance with the significant alteration of oxidative metabolism in various target tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue. In this review, we herein propose the idea of long chain fatty acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions as one of the key events in the pathophysiological development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipotoxicity, inflammation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations of mitochondrial gene subset expressions are the most detrimental that lead to the developments of aberrant intracellular insulin signalling activity in a number of peripheral tissues, thereby leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Kian Kai
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Najihah Wan Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Clinical Investigation Centre, 13th Floor Main Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Oberhardt MA, Gianchandani EP. Genome-scale modeling and human disease: an overview. Front Physiol 2015; 5:527. [PMID: 25667572 PMCID: PMC4304257 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Oberhardt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Computer Sciences, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Erwin P Gianchandani
- Division of Computer and Network Systems, United States National Science Foundation Arlington, VA, USA
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Moffat C, Bhatia L, Nguyen T, Lynch P, Wang M, Wang D, Ilkayeva OR, Han X, Hirschey MD, Claypool SM, Seifert EL. Acyl-CoA thioesterase-2 facilitates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in the liver. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2458-70. [PMID: 25114170 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m046961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA thioesterase (Acot)2 localizes to the mitochondrial matrix and hydrolyses long-chain fatty acyl-CoA into free FA and CoASH. Acot2 is expressed in highly oxi-dative tissues and is poised to modulate mitochondrial FA oxidation (FAO), yet its biological role is unknown. Using a model of adenoviral Acot2 overexpression in mouse liver (Ad-Acot2), we show that Acot2 increases the utilization of FA substrate during the daytime in ad libitum-fed mice, but the nighttime switch to carbohydrate oxidation is similar to control mice. In further support of elevated FAO in Acot2 liver, daytime serum ketones were higher in Ad-Acot2 mice, and overnight fasting led to minimal hepatic steatosis as compared with control mice. In liver mitochondria from Ad-Acot2 mice, phosphorylating O₂ consumption was higher with lipid substrate, but not with nonlipid substrate. This increase depended on whether FA could be activated on the outer mitochondrial membrane, suggesting that the FA released by Acot2 could be effluxed from mitochondria then taken back up again for oxidation. This circuit would prevent the build-up of inhibitory long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters. Altogether, our findings indicate that Acot2 can enhance FAO, possibly by mitigating the accumulation of FAO intermediates within the mitochondrial matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Moffat
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Lavesh Bhatia
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Teresa Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Peter Lynch
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Miao Wang
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827
| | - Dongning Wang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Xianlin Han
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Erin L Seifert
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Touw CML, Derks TGJ, Bakker BM, Groen AK, Smit GPA, Reijngoud DJ. From genome to phenome-Simple inborn errors of metabolism as complex traits. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2021-2029. [PMID: 24905735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sporadically, patients with a proven defect in either mFAO or OXPHOS are described presenting with a metabolic profile and clinical phenotype expressing concurrent defects in both pathways. Biochemical linkages between both processes are tight. Therefore, it is striking that concurrent dysfunction of both systems occurs so infrequent. In this review, the linkages between OXPHOS and mFAO and the hypothesized processes responsible for concurrent problems in both systems are reviewed, both from the point of view of primary biochemical connections and secondary cellular responses, i.e. signaling pathways constituting nutrient-sensing networks. We propose that affected signaling pathways may play an important role in the phenomenon of concurrent defects. Recent data indicate that interference in the affected signaling pathways may resolve the pathological phenotype even though the primary enzyme deficiency persists. This offers new (unexpected) prospects for treatment of these inborn errors of metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: From Genome to Function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M L Touw
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Research Laboratory of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - T G J Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B M Bakker
- Research Laboratory of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A K Groen
- Research Laboratory of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G P A Smit
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D J Reijngoud
- Research Laboratory of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rao S, van der Schaft A, van Eunen K, Bakker BM, Jayawardhana B. A model reduction method for biochemical reaction networks. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:52. [PMID: 24885656 PMCID: PMC4041147 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-8-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper we propose a model reduction method for biochemical reaction networks governed by a variety of reversible and irreversible enzyme kinetic rate laws, including reversible Michaelis-Menten and Hill kinetics. The method proceeds by a stepwise reduction in the number of complexes, defined as the left and right-hand sides of the reactions in the network. It is based on the Kron reduction of the weighted Laplacian matrix, which describes the graph structure of the complexes and reactions in the network. It does not rely on prior knowledge of the dynamic behaviour of the network and hence can be automated, as we demonstrate. The reduced network has fewer complexes, reactions, variables and parameters as compared to the original network, and yet the behaviour of a preselected set of significant metabolites in the reduced network resembles that of the original network. Moreover the reduced network largely retains the structure and kinetics of the original model. RESULTS We apply our method to a yeast glycolysis model and a rat liver fatty acid beta-oxidation model. When the number of state variables in the yeast model is reduced from 12 to 7, the difference between metabolite concentrations in the reduced and the full model, averaged over time and species, is only 8%. Likewise, when the number of state variables in the rat-liver beta-oxidation model is reduced from 42 to 29, the difference between the reduced model and the full model is 7.5%. CONCLUSIONS The method has improved our understanding of the dynamics of the two networks. We found that, contrary to the general disposition, the first few metabolites which were deleted from the network during our stepwise reduction approach, are not those with the shortest convergence times. It shows that our reduction approach performs differently from other approaches that are based on time-scale separation. The method can be used to facilitate fitting of the parameters or to embed a detailed model of interest in a more coarse-grained yet realistic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bayu Jayawardhana
- Systems Biology Center for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, ERIBA, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
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Diekman EF, van Weeghel M, Wanders RJA, Visser G, Houten SM. Food withdrawal lowers energy expenditure and induces inactivity in long-chain fatty acid oxidation-deficient mouse models. FASEB J 2014; 28:2891-900. [PMID: 24648546 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-250241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is an inherited disorder of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). Patients with VLCAD deficiency may present with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, cardiomyopathy, and myopathy. Although several mouse models have been developed to aid in the study of the pathogenesis of long-chain FAO defects, the muscular phenotype is underexposed. To address the muscular phenotype, we used a newly developed mouse model on a mixed genetic background with a more severe defect in FAO (LCAD(-/-); VLCAD(+/-)) in addition to a validated mouse model (LCAD(-/-); VLCAD(+/+)) and compared them with wild-type (WT) mice. We found that both mouse models show a 20% reduction in energy expenditure (EE) and a 3-fold decrease in locomotor activity in the unfed state. In addition, we found a 1.7°C drop in body temperature in unfed LCAD(-/-); VLCAD(+/+) mice compared with WT body temperature. We conclude that food withdrawal-induced inactivity, hypothermia, and reduction in EE are novel phenotypes associated with FAO deficiency in mice. Unexpectedly, inactivity was not explained by rhabdomyolysis, but rather reflected the overall reduced capacity of these mice to generate heat. We suggest that mice are partly protected against the negative consequence of an FAO defect.-Diekman, E. F., van Weeghel, M., Wanders, R. J. A., Visser, G., Houten, S. M. Food withdrawal lowers energy expenditure and induces inactivity in long-chain fatty acid oxidation-deficient mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene F Diekman
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Gepke Visser
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Kowald A, Klipp E. Mathematical models of mitochondrial aging and dynamics. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 127:63-92. [PMID: 25149214 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394625-6.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Research on the role of mitochondria in aging and disease is rapidly growing. Furthermore, in recent years, it also became clear that mitochondria are dynamic structures undergoing constant and rapid cycles of fusion and fission. The involvement of mitochondria in multiple complex processes makes them a prime target for mathematical and computational modeling. This review consists of two parts. In the first (Section 2), we provide a detailed introduction to the underlying concepts of mathematical modeling to help the reader who is not so familiar with these techniques to judge the requirements and results that can be obtained through modeling. In the second part (Section 3), we review existing mathematical and computational models that investigate mitochondrial dynamics and the role of mitochondria for the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kowald
- Theoretical Biophysics, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edda Klipp
- Theoretical Biophysics, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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