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Shoji K, Hikino K, Saito J, Matsui T, Utano T, Takebayashi A, Tomizawa D, Kato M, Matsumoto K, Ishikawa T, Kawai T, Nakamura H, Miyairi I, Terao C, Mushiroda T. Pharmacogenetic implementation for CYP2C19 and pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in children with malignancy or inborn errors of immunity. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:1280-1288. [PMID: 38897411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voriconazole pharmacokinetics (PK) are known to be affected by genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as CYP2C19; however, such information is limited for the pediatric population. The primary aim of this study is to establish a voriconazole PK model incorporating CYP2C19 phenotypes in Japanese children with malignancy or inborn errors of immunity. METHODS CYP2C19 genotypes were assessed by whole-genome genotyping and defined as follows: *17/*17: ultrarapid metabolizer (URM), *1/*17: rapid metabolizer (RM), *1/*1:normal metabolizer (NM), *1/*2, *1/*3, *2/*17:intermediate metabolizer (IM), and *2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3: poor metabolizer (PM). Population PK analysis was performed. The voriconazole serum concentration profile was described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption, mixed linear and nonlinear (Michaelis-Menten) elimination. RESULTS Voriconazole concentration data were available from 60 patients with a median age of 5.3 years. The phenotypes predicted from CYP2C19 genotypes were RM in 1 (2 %), NM in 21 (35 %) patients, IM in 27 (45 %) patients, and PM in 11 (18 %) patients. Underlying diseases included 38 (63%) patients with hematological malignancy and 18 (30 %) patients with inborn errors of immunity. Among the CYP2C19 phenotypes, PM was predicted to show complete inhibition (the degree of Vmax inhibition [Vmax, inh] = 100 %; Vmax = 0). The estimated parameters of Vmax,inh were +0.8 higher in patients with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) Grade 2 or higher and +2.7 higher when C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were 2.0 mg/dL or higher. CONCLUSION CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms, γ-GTP, and CRP affect Vmax,inh of voriconazole in children with malignancy or inborn errors of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Shoji
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiko Hikino
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Matsui
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Utano
- Department of Pharmacy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Takebayashi
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Matsumoto
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Division of Immunology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinao Kawai
- Division of Immunology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Nakamura
- Department of Research and Development Supervision, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Miyairi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan; The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Taisei Mushiroda
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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Wuerger LTD, Sprenger H, Krasikova K, Templin M, Stahl A, Herfurth UM, Sieg H, Braeuning A. A multi-omics approach to elucidate okadaic acid-induced changes in human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2919-2935. [PMID: 38832940 PMCID: PMC11324782 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA), a prevalent marine biotoxin found in shellfish, is known for causing acute gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite its potential to reach the bloodstream and the liver, the hepatic effects of OA are not well understood, highlighting a significant research gap. This study aims to comprehensively elucidate the impact of OA on the liver by examining the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome alterations in human HepaRG liver cells exposed to non-cytotoxic OA concentrations. We employed an integrative multi-omics approach, encompassing RNA sequencing, shotgun proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and targeted DigiWest analysis. This enabled a detailed exploration of gene and protein expression changes, alongside phosphorylation patterns under OA treatment. The study reveals concentration- and time-dependent deregulation in gene and protein expression, with a significant down-regulation of xenobiotic and lipid metabolism pathways. Up-regulated pathways include actin crosslink formation and a deregulation of apoptotic pathways. Notably, our results revealed that OA, as a potent phosphatase inhibitor, induces alterations in actin filament organization. Phosphoproteomics data highlighted the importance of phosphorylation in enzyme activity regulation, particularly affecting proteins involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton. OA's inhibition of PP2A further leads to various downstream effects, including alterations in protein translation and energy metabolism. This research expands the understanding of OA's systemic impact, emphasizing its role in modulating the phosphorylation landscape, which influences crucial cellular processes. The results underscore OA's multifaceted effects on the liver, particularly through PP2A inhibition, impacting xenobiotic metabolism, cytoskeletal dynamics, and energy homeostasis. These insights enhance our comprehension of OA's biological significance and potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie T D Wuerger
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ksenia Krasikova
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Aaron Stahl
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Uta M Herfurth
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Würger LTD, Alarcan J, Braeuning A. Effects of marine biotoxins on drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes and their regulation in mammalian cells. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1311-1322. [PMID: 38416141 PMCID: PMC10965580 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Marine biotoxins are a heterogenous group of natural toxins, which are able to trigger different types of toxicological responses in animals and humans. Health effects arising from exposure to marine biotoxins are ranging, for example, from gastrointestinal symptoms to neurological effects, depending on the individual toxin(s) ingested. Recent research has shown that the marine biotoxin okadaic acid (OA) can strongly diminish the expression of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human liver cells by a mechanism involving proinflammatory signaling. By doing so, OA may interfere with the metabolic barrier function of liver and intestine, and thus alter the toxico- or pharmacokinetic properties of other compounds. Such effects of marine biotoxins on drug and xenobiotic metabolism have, however, not been much in the focus of research yet. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the effects of marine biotoxins on CYP enzymes in mammalian cells. In addition, the role of CYP-regulating nuclear receptors as well as inflammatory signaling in the regulation of CYPs by marine biotoxins is discussed. Strong evidence is available for effects of OA on CYP enzymes, along with information about possible molecular mechanisms. For other marine biotoxins, knowledge on effects on drug metabolism, however, is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie T D Würger
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Peter JU, Dieudonné P, Zolk O. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Side Effects of Midazolam: A Review and Case Example. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:473. [PMID: 38675433 PMCID: PMC11054797 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, is widely used to alleviate patient anxiety, enhance compliance, and aid in anesthesia. While its side effects are typically dose-dependent and manageable with vigilant perioperative monitoring, serious cardiorespiratory complications, including fatalities and permanent neurological impairment, have been documented. Prolonged exposure to benzodiazepines, such as midazolam, has been associated with neurological changes in infants. Despite attempts to employ therapeutic drug monitoring for optimal sedation dosing, its efficacy has been limited. Consequently, efforts are underway to identify alternative predictive markers to guide individualized dosing and mitigate adverse effects. Understanding these factors is crucial for determining midazolam's suitability for future administration, particularly after a severe adverse reaction. This article aims to elucidate the factors influencing midazolam's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, potentially leading to adverse events. Finally, a case study is presented to exemplify the complex investigation into the causative factors of midazolam-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Uwe Peter
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg Medical School, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany;
| | - Peter Dieudonné
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Zolk
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg Medical School, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany;
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Tsang YP, Hao T, Mao Q, Kelly EJ, Unadkat JD. Dysregulation of the mRNA Expression of Human Renal Drug Transporters by Proinflammatory Cytokines in Primary Human Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:285. [PMID: 38399338 PMCID: PMC10893102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines, which are elevated during inflammation or infections, can affect drug pharmacokinetics (PK) due to the altered expression or activity of drug transporters and/or metabolizing enzymes. To date, such studies have focused on the effect of cytokines on the activity and/or mRNA expression of hepatic transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes. However, many antibiotics and antivirals used to treat infections are cleared by renal transporters, including the basal organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), organic anion transporters 1 and 3 (OAT1 and 3), the apical multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins 1 and 2-K (MATE1/2-K), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and 4 (MRP2/4). Here, we determined the concentration-dependent effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on the mRNA expression of human renal transporters in freshly isolated primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs, n = 3-5). PTECs were exposed to either a cocktail of cytokines, each at 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 ng/mL or individually at the same concentrations. Exposure to the cytokine cocktail for 48 h was found to significantly downregulate the mRNA expression, in a concentration-dependent manner, of OCT2, the organic anion transporting polypeptides 4C1 (OATP4C1), OAT4, MATE2-K, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and MRP2 and upregulate the mRNA expression of the organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 (OCTN1) and MRP3. OAT1 and OAT3 also appeared to be significantly downregulated but only at 0.1 and 10 ng/mL, respectively, without a clear concentration-dependent trend. Among the cytokines, IL-1β appeared to be the most potent at down- and upregulating the mRNA expression of the transporters. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that proinflammatory cytokines transcriptionally dysregulate renal drug transporters in PTECs. Such dysregulation could potentially translate into changes in transporter protein abundance or activity and alter renal transporter-mediated drug PK during inflammation or infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jashvant D. Unadkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (Y.P.T.); (T.H.); (E.J.K.)
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Hao X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Bian J, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Hu L, Luo X, Yang C, Feng Y, Huang L. Individualized treatment with voriconazole in the Chinese population: Inflammation level as a novel marker for dose optimization. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:440-451. [PMID: 37766511 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to explore the influence and possible mechanisms of pharmacokinetics-related gene polymorphisms, especially CYP2C19 polymorphisms, and non-genetic factors combined with the inflammatory status on the voriconazole (VRC) metabolism of the Chinese population. METHODS Clinical studies were performed by collecting more than one VRC trough concentration and C-reactive protein (CRP) level. A total of 265 blood samples were collected from 120 patients. RESULTS Results of multiple regression analyses demonstrated that CYP2C19 genotypes and albumin (Alb) level remained predictors of Cmin ss/D in patients with no to mild inflammation (R2 = 0.12, P < .001). In addition, in patients with moderate to severe inflammation, it resulted in a significant model containing factors of CRP and total bilirubin (T-Bil) levels (R2 = 0.19, P < .001). In non-clinical studies, 32 rats were divided into control and inflammatory groups, and it was found that the mean residence time (MRT(0-t) ) of VRC in the inflammatory group was significantly longer than that in the control group (P < .001), which may be due to down-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of CYP2C19 (CYP2C6 in rats) through interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on VRC metabolism may be masked by inflammatory status, which should be of more concern than CYP2C19 polymorphisms in patients with moderate to severe inflammation. Additionally, the impact of Alb and T-Bil on VRC metabolism should not be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialu Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxian Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wuerger LTD, Kudiabor F, Alarcan J, Templin M, Poetz O, Sieg H, Braeuning A. Okadaic Acid Activates JAK/STAT Signaling to Affect Xenobiotic Metabolism in HepaRG Cells. Cells 2023; 12:770. [PMID: 36899906 PMCID: PMC10000888 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is a marine biotoxin that is produced by algae and accumulates in filter-feeding shellfish, through which it enters the human food chain, leading to diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) after ingestion. Furthermore, additional effects of OA have been observed, such as cytotoxicity. Additionally, a strong downregulation of the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the liver can be observed. The underlying mechanisms of this, however, remain to be examined. In this study, we investigated a possible underlying mechanism of the downregulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and the nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and retinoid-X-receptor alpha (RXRα) by OA through NF-κB and subsequent JAK/STAT activation in human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells. Our data suggest an activation of NF-κB signaling and subsequent expression and release of interleukins, which then activate JAK-dependent signaling and thus STAT3. Moreover, using the NF-κB inhibitors JSH-23 and Methysticin and the JAK inhibitors Decernotinib and Tofacitinib, we were also able to demonstrate a connection between OA-induced NF-κB and JAK signaling and the downregulation of CYP enzymes. Overall, we provide clear evidence that the effect of OA on the expression of CYP enzymes in HepaRG cells is regulated through NF-κB and subsequent JAK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie T. D. Wuerger
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felicia Kudiabor
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Poetz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Managing Cancer Drug Resistance from the Perspective of Inflammation. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3426407. [PMID: 36245983 PMCID: PMC9553519 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3426407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of human malignant tumors. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that inflammation is closely related to cancer and plays a key role in the development of both solid and liquid tumors. Therefore, targeting inflammation and the molecules involved in the inflammatory process may be a good strategy for treating drug-resistant tumors. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation in regulating anticancer drug resistance by modulating drug action and drug-mediated cell death pathways. Inflammation alters the effectiveness of drugs through modulation of the expression of multidrug efflux transporters (e.g., ABCG2, ABCB1, and ABCC1) and drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., CYP1A2 and CYP3A4). In addition, inflammation can protect cancer cells from drug-mediated cell death by regulating DNA damage repair, downstream adaptive response (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, and oncogenic bypass signaling), and tumor microenvironment. Intriguingly, manipulating inflammation may affect drug resistance through various molecular mechanisms validated by in vitro/in vivo models. In this review, we aim to summarize the underlying molecular mechanisms that inflammation participates in cancer drug resistance and discuss the potential clinical strategies targeting inflammation to overcome drug resistance.
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Li X, Lai F, Jiang Z, Li M, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cui H, Wen F. Effects of inflammation on voriconazole levels: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:5166-5182. [PMID: 35973037 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to review the studies evaluating the effect of the inflammatory state on voriconazole (VRZ) levels. METHODS The study included randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies that focused on the influence of the inflammatory state on VRZ levels. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, relevant articles published until 2021 were searched in several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS Twenty studies were included in this review, of which 15 described adult populations, 3 described pediatric populations, and 2 included both adult and pediatric populations. Seventeen studies used C-reactive protein (CRP) as an indicator of inflammation, 6 described a dose-response relationship for the effect of inflammation represented by CRP on VRZ concentrations, and 4 examined the effect of CRP on the metabolic rate of VRZ. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the level of inflammation can significantly affect VRZ levels. However, the effect of inflammation on VRZ concentrations in children is controversial and must be analyzed along with age. Clinicians dosing VRZ should take into account the patient's inflammatory state. The impact of inflammation on genotype-based dosing decisions requires further study to explain the high pharmacokinetic variability of VRZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Li
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangyuan Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaohui Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Dunvald ACD, Järvinen E, Mortensen C, Stage TB. Clinical and Molecular Perspectives on Inflammation-Mediated Regulation of Drug Metabolism and Transport. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 112:277-290. [PMID: 34605009 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a possible cause of variability in drug response and toxicity due to altered regulation in drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) in humans. Here, we evaluate the clinical and in vitro evidence on inflammation-mediated modulation of DMETs, and the impact on drug metabolism in humans. Furthermore, we identify and discuss the gaps in our current knowledge. A systematic literature search on PubMed, Embase, and grey literature was performed in the period of February to September 2020. A total of 203 papers was included. In vitro studies in primary human hepatocytes revealed strong evidence that CYP3A4 is strongly downregulated by inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 were downregulated to a lesser extent. In clinical studies, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases were observed to cause downregulation of CYP enzymes in a similar pattern. However, there is no clear correlation between in vitro studies and clinical studies, mainly because most in vitro studies use supraphysiological cytokine doses. Moreover, clinical studies demonstrate considerable variability in terms of methodology and inconsistencies in evaluation of the inflammatory state. In conclusion, we find inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines to be important factors in regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. The observed downregulation is clinically relevant, and we emphasize caution when treating patients in an inflammatory state with narrow therapeutic index drugs. Further research is needed to identify the full extent of inflammation-mediated changes in DMETs and to further support personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrine Dalgård Dunvald
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Erkka Järvinen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Christina Mortensen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Tore B Stage
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Saib S, Delavenne X. Inflammation Induces Changes in the Functional Expression of P-gp, BCRP, and MRP2: An Overview of Different Models and Consequences for Drug Disposition. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101544. [PMID: 34683838 PMCID: PMC8539483 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a key role in drug pharmacokinetics. These membrane transporters expressed within physiological barriers can be a source of pharmacokinetic variability. Changes in ABC transporter expression and functionality may consequently affect the disposition of substrate drugs, resulting in different drug exposure. Inflammation, present in several acute and chronic diseases, has been identified as a source of modulation in drug transporter expression leading to variability in drug response. Its regulation may be particularly dangerous for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. In this context, numerous in vitro and in vivo models have shown up- or downregulation in the expression and functionality of ABC transporters under inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, the existence of contradictory data and the lack of standardization for the models used have led to a less conclusive interpretation of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Saib
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et de l’Hémostase, 42270 Saint-Priest-En-Jarez, France;
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Jean Monnet, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-477-42-1443
| | - Xavier Delavenne
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et de l’Hémostase, 42270 Saint-Priest-En-Jarez, France;
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Toxicologie Gaz du Sang, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France
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12
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Hoffman KA, Villar MJ, Poveda C, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Tweardy DJ, Jones KM. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 Modulation of Cardiac Pathology in Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:708325. [PMID: 34504808 PMCID: PMC8421853 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.708325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is a severe clinical manifestation that develops in 30%–40% of individuals chronically infected with the protozoal parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is thus an important public health problem. Parasite persistence during chronic infection drives pathologic changes in the heart, including myocardial inflammation and progressive fibrosis, that contribute to clinical disease. Clinical manifestations of CCC span a range of symptoms, including cardiac arrhythmias, thromboembolic disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in cardiac pathology in a mouse model of CCC. STAT3 is a known cellular mediator of collagen deposition and fibrosis. Mice were infected with T. cruzi and then treated daily from 70 to 91 days post infection (DPI) with TTI-101, a small molecule inhibitor of STAT3; benznidazole; a combination of benznidazole and TTI-101; or vehicle alone. Cardiac function was evaluated at the beginning and end of treatment by echocardiography. By the end of treatment, STAT3 inhibition with TTI-101 eliminated cardiac fibrosis and fibrosis biomarkers but increased cardiac inflammation; serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IFN−γ; cardiac gene expression of STAT1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB); and upregulation of IL-6 and Type I and Type II IFN responses. Concurrently, decreased heart function was measured by echocardiography and myocardial strain. These results indicate that STAT3 plays a critical role in the cardiac inflammatory–fibrotic axis during CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn A Hoffman
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Jose Villar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Peter J Hotez
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - David J Tweardy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kathryn M Jones
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Second- and Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs-Influence of Smoking Behavior and Inflammation on Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060514. [PMID: 34071813 PMCID: PMC8230242 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammation and smoking can influence a drug’s pharmacokinetic properties, i.e., its liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Depending on, e.g., pharmacogenetics, these changes may alter treatment response or cause serious adverse drug reactions and are thus of clinical relevance. Antipsychotic drugs, used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, should be closely monitored due to multiple factors (e.g., the narrow therapeutic window of certain psychotropic drugs, the chronicity of most mental illnesses, and the common occurrence of polypharmacotherapy in psychiatry). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aids with drug titration by enabling the quantification of patients’ drug levels. Recommendations on the use of TDM during treatment with psychotropic drugs are presented in the Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology; however, data on antipsychotic drug levels during inflammation or after changes in smoking behavior—both clinically relevant in psychiatry—that can aid clinical decision making are sparse. The following narrative review provides an overview of relevant literature regarding TDM in psychiatry, particularly in the context of second- and third-generation antipsychotic drugs, inflammation, and smoking behavior. It aims to spread awareness regarding TDM (most pronouncedly of clozapine and olanzapine) as a tool to optimize drug safety and provide patient-tailored treatment.
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14
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Second- and Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs—Influence of Smoking Behavior and Inflammation on Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ph14060514
expr 938544256 + 801362328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammation and smoking can influence a drug’s pharmacokinetic properties, i.e., its liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Depending on, e.g., pharmacogenetics, these changes may alter treatment response or cause serious adverse drug reactions and are thus of clinical relevance. Antipsychotic drugs, used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, should be closely monitored due to multiple factors (e.g., the narrow therapeutic window of certain psychotropic drugs, the chronicity of most mental illnesses, and the common occurrence of polypharmacotherapy in psychiatry). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aids with drug titration by enabling the quantification of patients’ drug levels. Recommendations on the use of TDM during treatment with psychotropic drugs are presented in the Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology; however, data on antipsychotic drug levels during inflammation or after changes in smoking behavior—both clinically relevant in psychiatry—that can aid clinical decision making are sparse. The following narrative review provides an overview of relevant literature regarding TDM in psychiatry, particularly in the context of second- and third-generation antipsychotic drugs, inflammation, and smoking behavior. It aims to spread awareness regarding TDM (most pronouncedly of clozapine and olanzapine) as a tool to optimize drug safety and provide patient-tailored treatment.
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15
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Moschny N, Hefner G, Grohmann R, Eckermann G, Maier HB, Seifert J, Heck J, Francis F, Bleich S, Toto S, Meissner C. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Second- and Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs-Influence of Smoking Behavior and Inflammation on Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:514. [PMID: 34071813 PMCID: PMC8230242 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060514&set/a 947965394+957477086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammation and smoking can influence a drug's pharmacokinetic properties, i.e., its liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Depending on, e.g., pharmacogenetics, these changes may alter treatment response or cause serious adverse drug reactions and are thus of clinical relevance. Antipsychotic drugs, used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, should be closely monitored due to multiple factors (e.g., the narrow therapeutic window of certain psychotropic drugs, the chronicity of most mental illnesses, and the common occurrence of polypharmacotherapy in psychiatry). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aids with drug titration by enabling the quantification of patients' drug levels. Recommendations on the use of TDM during treatment with psychotropic drugs are presented in the Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology; however, data on antipsychotic drug levels during inflammation or after changes in smoking behavior-both clinically relevant in psychiatry-that can aid clinical decision making are sparse. The following narrative review provides an overview of relevant literature regarding TDM in psychiatry, particularly in the context of second- and third-generation antipsychotic drugs, inflammation, and smoking behavior. It aims to spread awareness regarding TDM (most pronouncedly of clozapine and olanzapine) as a tool to optimize drug safety and provide patient-tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Moschny
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-3656
| | - Gudrun Hefner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vitos Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry, Kloster-Eberbach-Str. 4, 65346 Eltville, Germany;
| | - Renate Grohmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaum-Str. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gabriel Eckermann
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hospital Kaufbeuren, Kemnater-Str. 16, 87600 Kaufbeuren, Germany;
| | - Hannah B Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Johanna Seifert
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Johannes Heck
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Flverly Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Sermin Toto
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Catharina Meissner
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
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16
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Wang X, Ye C, Xun T, Mo L, Tong Y, Ni W, Huang S, Liu B, Zhan X, Yang X. Bacteroides Fragilis Polysaccharide A Ameliorates Abnormal Voriconazole Metabolism Accompanied With the Inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663325. [PMID: 33995087 PMCID: PMC8115215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifungal agent voriconazole (VRC) exhibits extreme inter-individual and intra-individual variation in terms of its clinical efficacy and toxicity. Inflammation, as reflected by C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, significantly affects the metabolic ratio and trough concentrations of voriconazole. Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) is an important component of the human intestinal microbiota. Clinical data have shown that B. fragilis abundance is comparatively higher in patients not presenting with adverse drug reactions, and inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β) levels are negatively correlated with B. fragilis abundance. B. fragilis natural product capsular polysaccharide A (PSA) prevents various inflammatory disorders. We tested the hypothesis that PSA ameliorates abnormal voriconazole metabolism by inhibiting inflammation. Germ-free animals were administered PSA intragastrically for 5 days after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Their blood and liver tissues were collected to measure VRC concentrations. PSA administration dramatically improved the resolution phase of LPS-induced hepatic VRC metabolism and inflammatory factor secretion. It reversed inflammatory lesions and alleviated hepatic pro-inflammatory factor secretion. Both in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that PSA reversed LPS-induced IL-1β secretion, downregulated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulated CYP2C19 and P-gp. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show that PSA from the probiotic B. fragilis ameliorates abnormal voriconazole metabolism by inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-κB transcription and regulating drug metabolizing enzyme and transporter expression. Thus, PSA could serve as a clinical adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunxiao Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianrong Xun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liqian Mo
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Tong
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wensi Ni
- Department of Pediatric, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suping Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xixiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Pilla Reddy V, El‐Khateeb E, Jo H, Giovino N, Lythgoe E, Sharma S, Tang W, Jamei M, Rastomi‐Hodjegan A. Pharmacokinetics under the COVID-19 storm. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 89:158-186. [PMID: 33226664 PMCID: PMC7753415 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The storm-like nature of the health crises caused by COVID-19 has led to unconventional clinical trial practices such as the relaxation of exclusion criteria. The question remains: how can we conduct diverse trials without exposing subgroups of populations to potentially harmful drug exposure levels? The aim of this study was to build a knowledge base of the effect of intrinsic/extrinsic factors on the disposition of several repurposed COVID-19 drugs. METHODS Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were used to study the change in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of drugs repurposed for COVID-19 in geriatric patients, different race groups, organ impairment and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) risks. These models were also used to predict epithelial lining fluid (ELF) exposure, which is relevant for COVID-19 patients under elevated cytokine levels. RESULTS The simulated PK profiles suggest no dose adjustments are required based on age and race for COVID-19 drugs, but dose adjustments may be warranted for COVID-19 patients also exhibiting hepatic/renal impairment. PBPK model simulations suggest ELF exposure to attain a target concentration was adequate for most drugs, except for hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, atazanavir and lopinavir/ritonavir. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that systematically collated data on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, human PK parameters, DDIs and organ impairment can be used to verify simulated plasma and lung tissue exposure for drugs repurposed for COVID-19, justifying broader patient recruitment criteria. In addition, the PBPK model developed was used to study the effect of age and ethnicity on the PK of repurposed drugs, and to assess the correlation between lung exposure and relevant potency values from in vitro studies for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Pilla Reddy
- Modelling & Simulation, Early Oncology, R&D OncologyAstraZenecaCambridgeUK,Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Eman El‐Khateeb
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of PharmacyTanta UniversityTantaEgypt
| | - Heeseung Jo
- Modelling & Simulation, Early Oncology, R&D OncologyAstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | | | | | - Shringi Sharma
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, R&DAstraZenecaUSA
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, R&DAstraZenecaUSA
| | | | - Amin Rastomi‐Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK,Certara UK Limited, Simcyp DivisionSheffieldUK
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18
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de Jong LM, Jiskoot W, Swen JJ, Manson ML. Distinct Effects of Inflammation on Cytochrome P450 Regulation and Drug Metabolism: Lessons from Experimental Models and a Potential Role for Pharmacogenetics. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121509. [PMID: 33339226 PMCID: PMC7766585 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine strives to optimize drug treatment for the individual patient by taking into account both genetic and non-genetic factors for drug response. Inflammation is one of the non-genetic factors that has been shown to greatly affect the metabolism of drugs—primarily through inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) drug-metabolizing enzymes—and hence contribute to the mismatch between the genotype predicted drug response and the actual phenotype, a phenomenon called phenoconversion. This review focuses on inflammation-induced drug metabolism alterations. In particular, we discuss the evidence assembled through human in-vitro models on the effect of inflammatory mediators on clinically relevant CYP450 isoform levels and their metabolizing capacity. We also present an overview of the current understanding of the mechanistic pathways via which inflammation in hepatocytes may modulate hepatic functions that are critical for drug metabolism. Furthermore, since large inter-individual variability in response to inflammation is observed in human in-vitro models and clinical studies, we evaluate the potential role of pharmacogenetic variability in the inflammatory signaling cascade and how this can modulate the outcome of inflammation on drug metabolism and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. de Jong
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.d.J.); (W.J.)
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.d.J.); (W.J.)
| | - Jesse J. Swen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Leiden Network for Personalised Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn L. Manson
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.d.J.); (W.J.)
- Leiden Network for Personalised Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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19
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Chavant A, Gautier-Veyret E, Chhun S, Guilhaumou R, Stanke-Labesque F. [Pharmacokinetic changes related to acute infection. Examples from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic]. Therapie 2020; 76:319-333. [PMID: 33129512 PMCID: PMC7833468 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of factors of pharmacokinetic variability is important in order to personalize pharmacological treatment, particularly for drugs with a narrow therapeutic range for which pharmacological therapeutic monitoring is recommended. Inflammation is a protective response against acute infections and injuries that contributes to intra- and inter-individual variability in drug exposure by modulating the activity of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, and by altering the binding of drugs to plasma proteins. The understanding of the impact of inflammation on drug metabolism and the related clinical consequences allow to better take into consideration the effect of inflammation on the variability of drug exposure. We first summarized the molecular mechanisms by which inflammation contributes to the inhibition of drug metabolism enzymes. We then presented an updated overview of the consequences of the outcome of acute infectious event on pharmacokinetic exposure of drugs with a narrow therapeutic range and that are substrates of cytochrome P450, and the related clinical consequences. Finally, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we reported examples of drug overexposures in COVID- 19 infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Chavant
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie-pharmacogénétique-toxicologie, pôle de biologie et pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Elodie Gautier-Veyret
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie-pharmacogénétique-toxicologie, pôle de biologie et pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Chhun
- UFR de médecine Paris centre, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'immunologie biologique, département médico universitaire BioPhyGen, hôpital universitaire Necker-enfants malades, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Romain Guilhaumou
- Unité de pharmacologie clinique et pharmacovigilance AP-HM, 13354 Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS Inst Neurosci Syst, 13354 Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Stanke-Labesque
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie-pharmacogénétique-toxicologie, pôle de biologie et pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38043 Grenoble, France.
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20
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Nobile MS, Votta G, Palorini R, Spolaor S, De Vitto H, Cazzaniga P, Ricciardiello F, Mauri G, Alberghina L, Chiaradonna F, Besozzi D. Fuzzy modeling and global optimization to predict novel therapeutic targets in cancer cells. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:2181-2188. [PMID: 31750879 PMCID: PMC7141866 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation The elucidation of dysfunctional cellular processes that can induce the onset of a disease is a challenging issue from both the experimental and computational perspectives. Here we introduce a novel computational method based on the coupling between fuzzy logic modeling and a global optimization algorithm, whose aims are to (1) predict the emergent dynamical behaviors of highly heterogeneous systems in unperturbed and perturbed conditions, regardless of the availability of quantitative parameters, and (2) determine a minimal set of system components whose perturbation can lead to a desired system response, therefore facilitating the design of a more appropriate experimental strategy. Results We applied this method to investigate what drives K-ras-induced cancer cells, displaying the typical Warburg effect, to death or survival upon progressive glucose depletion. The optimization analysis allowed to identify new combinations of stimuli that maximize pro-apoptotic processes. Namely, our results provide different evidences of an important protective role for protein kinase A in cancer cells under several cellular stress conditions mimicking tumor behavior. The predictive power of this method could facilitate the assessment of the response of other complex heterogeneous systems to drugs or mutations in fields as medicine and pharmacology, therefore paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic treatments. Availability and implementation The source code of FUMOSO is available under the GPL 2.0 license on GitHub at the following URL: https://github.com/aresio/FUMOSO Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Nobile
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppina Votta
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Roberta Palorini
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Simone Spolaor
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Humberto De Vitto
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Paolo Cazzaniga
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo 24129, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricciardiello
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Mauri
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Daniela Besozzi
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy
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21
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Stanke-Labesque F, Gautier-Veyret E, Chhun S, Guilhaumou R. Inflammation is a major regulator of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters: Consequences for the personalization of drug treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107627. [PMID: 32659304 PMCID: PMC7351663 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an evolutionary process that allows survival against acute infection or injury. Inflammation is also a pathophysiological condition shared by numerous chronic diseases. In addition, inflammation modulates important drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs), thus contributing to intra- and interindividual variability of drug exposure. A better knowledge of the impact of inflammation on drug metabolism and its related clinical consequences would help to personalize drug treatment. Here, we summarize the kinetics of inflammatory mediators and the underlying transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms by which they contribute to the inhibition of important DMETs. We also present an updated overview of the effect of inflammation on the pharmacokinetic parameters of most of the drugs that are DMET substrates, for which therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended. Furthermore, we provide opinions on how to integrate the inflammatory status into pharmacogenetics, therapeutic drug monitoring, and population pharmacokinetic strategies to improve the personalization of drug treatment for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Stanke-Labesque
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble 38000, France; Laboratory of Pharmacology-Pharmacogenetics-Toxicology, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, France.
| | - Elodie Gautier-Veyret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble 38000, France; Laboratory of Pharmacology-Pharmacogenetics-Toxicology, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Stephanie Chhun
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France; AP-HP, Paris Centre, Laboratory of Immunology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Romain Guilhaumou
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, AP-HM, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
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22
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Regulation of expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes by oncogenic signaling pathways in liver tumors: a review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:113-122. [PMID: 31993310 PMCID: PMC6976994 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding key players in oncogenic signaling pathways trigger specific downstream gene expression profiles in the respective tumor cell populations. While regulation of genes related to cell growth, survival, and death has been extensively studied, much less is known on the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) by oncogenic signaling. Here, a comprehensive review of the available literature is presented summarizing the impact of the most relevant genetic alterations in human and rodent liver tumors on the expression of DMEs with a focus on phases I and II of xenobiotic metabolism. Comparably few data are available with respect to DME regulation by p53-dependent signaling, telomerase expression or altered chromatin remodeling. By contrast, DME regulation by constitutive activation of oncogenic signaling via the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade or via the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway has been analyzed in greater depth, demonstrating mostly positive-regulatory effects of WNT/β-catenin signaling and negative-regulatory effects of MAPK signaling. Mechanistic studies have revealed molecular interactions between oncogenic signaling and nuclear xeno-sensing receptors which underlie the observed alterations in DME expression in liver tumors. Observations of altered DME expression and inducibility in liver tumors with a specific gene expression profile may impact pharmacological treatment options.
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23
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Kugler N, Klein K, Zanger UM. MiR-155 and other microRNAs downregulate drug metabolizing cytochromes P450 in inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 171:113725. [PMID: 31758923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In conditions of acute and chronic inflammation hepatic detoxification capacity is severely impaired due to coordinated downregulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Using global transcriptome analysis of liver tissue from donors with pathologically elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), we observed comparable extent of positive and negative acute phase response, where the top upregulated gene sets included immune response and defense pathways while downregulation occurred mostly in metabolic and catabolic pathways including many important drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNA), which usually act as negative regulators of gene expression, contribute to this process. Microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses identified differentially expressed miRNAs in liver tissues from donors with elevated CRP, cholestasis, steatosis, or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Using luciferase reporter constructs harboring native and mutated 3'-untranslated gene regions, several predicted miRNA binding sites on RXRα (miR-130b-3p), CYP2C8 (miR-452-5p), CYP2C9 (miR-155-5p), CYP2C19 (miR-155-5p, miR-6807-5p), and CYP3A4 (miR-224-5p) were validated. HepaRG cells transfected with miRNA mimics showed coordinate reductions in mRNA levels and several cytochrome P450 enzyme activities particularly for miR-155-5p, miR-452-5p, and miR-6807-5p, the only miRNA that was deregulated in all four pathological conditions. Furthermore we observed strong negative correlations between liver tissue miRNA levels and hepatic CYP phenotypes. Since miR-155 is well known for its multifunctional roles in immunity, inflammation, and cancer, our data suggest that this and other miRNAs contribute to coordinated downregulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kugler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
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24
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Bag AK, Mandloi S, Jarmalavicius S, Mondal S, Kumar K, Mandal C, Walden P, Chakrabarti S, Mandal C. Connecting signaling and metabolic pathways in EGF receptor-mediated oncogenesis of glioblastoma. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007090. [PMID: 31386654 PMCID: PMC6684045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As malignant transformation requires synchronization of growth-driving signaling (S) and metabolic (M) pathways, defining cancer-specific S-M interconnected networks (SMINs) could lead to better understanding of oncogenic processes. In a systems-biology approach, we developed a mathematical model for SMINs in mutated EGF receptor (EGFRvIII) compared to wild-type EGF receptor (EGFRwt) expressing glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Starting with experimentally validated human protein-protein interactome data for S-M pathways, and incorporating proteomic data for EGFRvIII and EGFRwt GBM cells and patient transcriptomic data, we designed a dynamic model for EGFR-driven GBM-specific information flow. Key nodes and paths identified by in silico perturbation were validated experimentally when inhibition of signaling pathway proteins altered expression of metabolic proteins as predicted by the model. This demonstrated capacity of the model to identify unknown connections between signaling and metabolic pathways, explain the robustness of oncogenic SMINs, predict drug escape, and assist identification of drug targets and the development of combination therapies. Complex and highly dynamic interconnected networks allow cancer to take different routes and circumvent chemotherapy. Therefore, understanding these context-specific networks and their dynamics of molecular interactions driven by different oncogenic signaling and metabolic pathways is very much needed to predict drug targets and the effect of therapeutics. We incorporated high-throughput transcriptome and proteome data into mathematical models to deduce properties of cancer cells through systems biology approach. Here we report the development, testing and validation of an integrated systems biology model of information flow between signaling and metabolic pathways to understand the regulation of the interconnection between them in cancer. Our model efficiently identified unique connections and key nodes important in signaling-metabolic information flow. We predicted some potential novel targets before performing actual drug tests. We have successfully applied this model to identify the interconnections altered in the constitutive signaling of the mutated EGFR by comparing EGF-dependent and wild-type EGFR signaling in glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup K. Bag
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sapan Mandloi
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Saulius Jarmalavicius
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Chhabinath Mandal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Peter Walden
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (PW); , (SC); , (CM)
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: (PW); , (SC); , (CM)
| | - Chitra Mandal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: (PW); , (SC); , (CM)
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25
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Mimche SM, Lee CM, Liu KH, Mimche PN, Harvey RD, Murphy TJ, Nyagode BA, Jones DP, Lamb TJ, Morgan ET. A non-lethal malarial infection results in reduced drug metabolizing enzyme expression and drug clearance in mice. Malar J 2019; 18:234. [PMID: 31299982 PMCID: PMC6624958 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the central importance of anti-malarial drugs in the treatment of malaria, there is a need to understand the effect of Plasmodium infection on the broad spectrum of drug metabolizing enzymes. Previous studies have shown reduced clearance of quinine, a treatment for Plasmodium infection, in individuals with malaria. Methods The hepatic expression of a large panel of drug metabolizing enzymes was studied in the livers of mice infected with the AS strain of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi, a nonlethal parasite in most strains of mice with several features that model human Plasmodium infections. C57BL/6J mice were infected with P. chabaudi by intraperitoneal injection of infected erythrocytes and sacrificed at different times after infection. Relative hepatic mRNA levels of various drug metabolizing enzymes, cytokines and acute phase proteins were measured by reverse transcriptase-real time PCR. Relative levels of cytochrome P450 proteins were measured by Western blotting with IR-dye labelled antibodies. Pharmacokinetics of 5 prototypic cytochrome P450 substrate drugs were measured by cassette dosing and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results were analysed by MANOVA and post hoc univariate analysis of variance. Results The great majority of enzyme mRNAs were down-regulated, with the greatest effects occurring at the peak of parasitaemia 8 days post infection. Protein levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the Cyp 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 3a and 4a subfamilies were also down-regulated. Several distinct groups differing in their temporal patterns of regulation were identified. The cassette dosing study revealed that at the peak of parasitaemia, the clearances of caffeine, bupropion, tolbutamide and midazolam were markedly reduced by 60–70%. Conclusions These findings in a model of uncomplicated human malaria suggest that changes in drug clearance in this condition may be of sufficient magnitude to cause significant alterations in exposure and response of anti-malarial drugs and co-medications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2860-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie M Mimche
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Choon-Myung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ken H Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Patrice N Mimche
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - R Donald Harvey
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Thomas J Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Beatrice A Nyagode
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Edward T Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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26
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Sun X, Zou T, Zuo C, Zhang M, Shi B, Jiang Z, Cui H, Liao X, Li X, Tang Y, Liu Y, Liu X. IL-1α inhibits proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through NF-κB- and ERK1/2-mediated proinflammatory cytokines. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:794-803. [PMID: 29288588 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional adipogenesis such as subcutaneous lipoatrophy is closely related to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Although the expression or release of the cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is known to increase in adipose tissue in response to cell death, cell senescence, aging, or solar radiation, the regulatory role of IL-1α in adipogenesis has not been sufficiently investigated. To investigate the problem, we explored the effect of IL-1α on the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) using cell counting, alamarBlue assay, oil red O staining, Western blot, among others. The results showed that IL-1α evidently inhibited the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs, which might be related with the activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathways. Early-stage adipogenic differentiation was more sensitive to IL-1α than late-stage differentiation. After differentiation of ADSCs into mature adipocytes, adding of IL-1α had no obvious influence on the cellular morphology, including lipid droplet accumulation. IL-1α enhanced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8, IL-6, CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2), and IL-1β, when added into the adipogenic medium of ADSCs. Blocking IL-8 and IL-6 with neutralizing antibodies partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of IL-1α on the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. The results suggest that IL-1α inhibits adipogenesis through activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways and subsequent upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in ADSCs. IL-1α might play an important role in mediating lipoatrophy by regulation of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Sun
- Institute of Aging Research, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tangbin Zou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changqing Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingmeng Zhang
- Institute of Aging Research, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Benyan Shi
- Institute of Aging Research, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Institute of Aging Research, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongjing Cui
- Institute of Aging Research, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoxin Liao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuelian Tang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yusheng Liu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 5240238, China
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27
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Tanner N, Kubik L, Luckert C, Thomas M, Hofmann U, Zanger UM, Böhmert L, Lampen A, Braeuning A. Regulation of Drug Metabolism by the Interplay of Inflammatory Signaling, Steatosis, and Xeno-Sensing Receptors in HepaRG Cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:326-335. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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28
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Yu AM, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Cherrington NJ, Aleksunes LM, Zanger UM, Xie W, Jeong H, Morgan ET, Turnbaugh PJ, Klaassen CD, Bhatt AP, Redinbo MR, Hao P, Waxman DJ, Wang L, Zhong XB. Regulation of drug metabolism and toxicity by multiple factors of genetics, epigenetics, lncRNAs, gut microbiota, and diseases: a meeting report of the 21 st International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations (MDO). Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:241-248. [PMID: 28388695 PMCID: PMC5343155 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in drug metabolism may alter drug efficacy and cause toxicity; better understanding of the mechanisms and risks shall help to practice precision medicine. At the 21st International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations held in Davis, California, USA, in October 2-6, 2016, a number of speakers reported some new findings and ongoing studies on the regulation mechanisms behind variable drug metabolism and toxicity, and discussed potential implications to personalized medications. A considerably insightful overview was provided on genetic and epigenetic regulation of gene expression involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and drug response. Altered drug metabolism and disposition as well as molecular mechanisms among diseased and special populations were presented. In addition, the roles of gut microbiota in drug metabolism and toxicology as well as long non-coding RNAs in liver functions and diseases were discussed. These findings may offer new insights into improved understanding of ADME regulatory mechanisms and advance drug metabolism research.
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29
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Gaedigk A, Sangkuhl K, Whirl-Carrillo M, Klein T, Leeder JS. Prediction of CYP2D6 phenotype from genotype across world populations. Genet Med 2016; 19:69-76. [PMID: 27388693 PMCID: PMC5292679 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Owing to its highly polymorphic nature and major contribution to the metabolism and bioactivation of numerous clinically used drugs, CYP2D6 is one of the most extensively studied drug-metabolizing enzymes and pharmacogenes. CYP2D6 alleles confer no, decreased, normal, or increased activity and cause a wide range of activity among individuals and between populations. However, there is no standard approach to translate diplotypes into predicted phenotype. Methods: We exploited CYP2D6 allele-frequency data that have been compiled for Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines (>60,000 subjects, 173 reports) in order to estimate genotype-predicted phenotype status across major world populations based on activity score (AS) assignments. Results: Allele frequencies vary considerably across the major ethnic groups predicting poor metabolizer status (AS = 0) between 0.4 and 5.4% across world populations. The prevalence of genotypic intermediate (AS = 0.5) and normal (AS = 1, 1.5, or 2) metabolizers ranges between 0.4 and 11% and between 67 and 90%, respectively. Finally, 1 to 21% of subjects (AS >2) are predicted to have ultrarapid metabolizer status. Conclusions: This comprehensive study summarizes allele frequencies, diplotypes, and predicted phenotype across major populations, providing a rich data resource for clinicians and researchers. Challenges of phenotype prediction from genotype data are highlighted and discussed. Genet Med19 1, 69–76.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Katrin Sangkuhl
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Teri Klein
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - J Steven Leeder
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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30
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Abou-Jaoudé W, Traynard P, Monteiro PT, Saez-Rodriguez J, Helikar T, Thieffry D, Chaouiya C. Logical Modeling and Dynamical Analysis of Cellular Networks. Front Genet 2016; 7:94. [PMID: 27303434 PMCID: PMC4885885 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The logical (or logic) formalism is increasingly used to model regulatory and signaling networks. Complementing these applications, several groups contributed various methods and tools to support the definition and analysis of logical models. After an introduction to the logical modeling framework and to several of its variants, we review here a number of recent methodological advances to ease the analysis of large and intricate networks. In particular, we survey approaches to determine model attractors and their reachability properties, to assess the dynamical impact of variations of external signals, and to consistently reduce large models. To illustrate these developments, we further consider several published logical models for two important biological processes, namely the differentiation of T helper cells and the control of mammalian cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Abou-Jaoudé
- Computational Systems Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParis, France
| | - Pauline Traynard
- Computational Systems Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParis, France
| | - Pedro T. Monteiro
- INESC-ID/Instituto Superior Técnico, University of LisbonLisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de CiênciaOeiras, Portugal
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Tomáš Helikar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, USA
| | - Denis Thieffry
- Computational Systems Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParis, France
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