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Conti L, Valencia E, Galland T, Götzenberger L, Lepš J, E-Vojtkó A, Carmona CP, Májeková M, Danihelka J, Dengler J, Eldridge DJ, Estiarte M, García-González R, Garnier E, Gómez D, Hadincová V, Harrison SP, Herben T, Ibáñez R, Jentsch A, Juergens N, Kertész M, Klumpp K, Krahulec F, Louault F, Marrs RH, Ónodi G, Pakeman RJ, Pärtel M, Peco B, Peñuelas J, Rueda M, Schmidt W, Schmiedel U, Schuetz M, Skalova H, Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Smit C, Song M, Stock M, Val J, Vandvik V, Ward D, Wesche K, Wiser SK, Woodcock BA, Young TP, Yu FH, Zobel M, de Bello F. Functional trait trade-offs define plant population stability across different biomes. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230344. [PMID: 37357858 PMCID: PMC10291713 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological theory posits that temporal stability patterns in plant populations are associated with differences in species' ecological strategies. However, empirical evidence is lacking about which traits, or trade-offs, underlie species stability, especially across different biomes. We compiled a worldwide collection of long-term permanent vegetation records (greater than 7000 plots from 78 datasets) from a large range of habitats which we combined with existing trait databases. We tested whether the observed inter-annual variability in species abundance (coefficient of variation) was related to multiple individual traits. We found that populations with greater leaf dry matter content and seed mass were more stable over time. Despite the variability explained by these traits being low, their effect was consistent across different datasets. Other traits played a significant, albeit weaker, role in species stability, and the inclusion of multi-variate axes or phylogeny did not substantially modify nor improve predictions. These results provide empirical evidence and highlight the relevance of specific ecological trade-offs, i.e. in different resource-use and dispersal strategies, for plant populations stability across multiple biomes. Further research is, however, necessary to integrate and evaluate the role of other specific traits, often not available in databases, and intraspecific trait variability in modulating species stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Conti
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Praha–Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Enrique Valencia
- Departament of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Galland
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Götzenberger
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna E-Vojtkó
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos P. Carmona
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Májeková
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jiří Danihelka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David J. Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2033 Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc Estiarte
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Eric Garnier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Gómez
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), 22700 Jaca-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Věra Hadincová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Susan P. Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12801 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ricardo Ibáñez
- Department of Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Norbert Juergens
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology (BEE) of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miklós Kertész
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Katja Klumpp
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - František Krahulec
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Frédérique Louault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Rob H. Marrs
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - Gábor Ónodi
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Robin J. Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Department of Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Global Change, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Rueda
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 37077 Germany
| | - Ute Schmiedel
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology (BEE) of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schuetz
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hana Skalova
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmilauer
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Smit
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - MingHua Song
- Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100107 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Stock
- Wadden Sea National Park of Schleswig-Holstein, 25832 Tönning, Germany
| | - James Val
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2033 Sydney, Australia
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - David Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44243, USA
| | - Karsten Wesche
- Botany Department, Senckenberg, Natural History Museum Goerlitz, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
- International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 03583 Germany
| | - Susan K. Wiser
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - Ben A. Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Truman P. Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Mpala Research Centre, 100400, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology and Clone Ecology / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, 318000 Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
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Hagen O, Flück B, Fopp F, Cabral JS, Hartig F, Pontarp M, Rangel TF, Pellissier L. gen3sis: A general engine for eco-evolutionary simulations of the processes that shape Earth's biodiversity. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001340. [PMID: 34252071 PMCID: PMC8384074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the origins of biodiversity has been an aspiration since the days of early naturalists. The immense complexity of ecological, evolutionary, and spatial processes, however, has made this goal elusive to this day. Computer models serve progress in many scientific fields, but in the fields of macroecology and macroevolution, eco-evolutionary models are comparatively less developed. We present a general, spatially explicit, eco-evolutionary engine with a modular implementation that enables the modeling of multiple macroecological and macroevolutionary processes and feedbacks across representative spatiotemporally dynamic landscapes. Modeled processes can include species' abiotic tolerances, biotic interactions, dispersal, speciation, and evolution of ecological traits. Commonly observed biodiversity patterns, such as α, β, and γ diversity, species ranges, ecological traits, and phylogenies, emerge as simulations proceed. As an illustration, we examine alternative hypotheses expected to have shaped the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) during the Earth's Cenozoic era. Our exploratory simulations simultaneously produce multiple realistic biodiversity patterns, such as the LDG, current species richness, and range size frequencies, as well as phylogenetic metrics. The model engine is open source and available as an R package, enabling future exploration of various landscapes and biological processes, while outputs can be linked with a variety of empirical biodiversity patterns. This work represents a key toward a numeric, interdisciplinary, and mechanistic understanding of the physical and biological processes that shape Earth's biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Hagen
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of
Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest,
Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Flück
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of
Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest,
Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Fopp
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of
Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest,
Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Juliano S. Cabral
- Ecosystem Modeling, Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology,
University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg,
Germany
| | | | - Thiago F. Rangel
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal
University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of
Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest,
Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Thompson CL, Alberti M, Barve S, Battistuzzi FU, Drake JL, Goncalves GC, Govaert L, Partridge C, Yang Y. Back to the future: Reintegrating biology to understand how past eco-evolutionary change can predict future outcomes. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:2218-2232. [PMID: 33964141 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, biologists have made remarkable progress in understanding the fundamental processes that shape life. But despite the unprecedented level of knowledge now available, large gaps still remain in our understanding of the complex interplay of eco-evolutionary mechanisms across scales of life. Rapidly changing environments on Earth provide a pressing need to understand the potential implications of eco-evolutionary dynamics, which can be achieved by improving existing eco-evolutionary models and fostering convergence among the sub-fields of biology. We propose a new, data-driven approach that harnesses our knowledge of the functioning of biological systems to expand current conceptual frameworks and develop corresponding models that can more accurately represent and predict future eco-evolutionary outcomes. We suggest a roadmap toward achieving this goal. This long-term vision will move biology in a direction that can wield these predictive models for scientific applications that benefit humanity and increase the resilience of natural biological systems. We identify short, medium, and long-term key objectives to connect our current state of knowledge to this long-term vision, iteratively progressing across three stages: 1) utilizing knowledge of biological systems to better inform eco-evolutionary models, 2) generating models with more accurate predictions, and 3) applying predictive models to benefit the biosphere. Within each stage, we outline avenues of investigation and scientific applications related to the timescales over which evolution occurs, the parameter space of eco-evolutionary processes, and the dynamic interactions between these mechanisms. The ability to accurately model, monitor, and anticipate eco-evolutionary changes would be transformational to humanity's interaction with the global environment, providing novel tools to benefit human health, protect the natural world, and manage our planet's biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Alberti
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington,
| | - Sahas Barve
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History,
| | | | - Jeana L Drake
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles,
| | | | - Lynn Govaert
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, URPP Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich,
| | | | - Ya Yang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota,
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